Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Sols – Chaulage – Effets de l'humidité du sol"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Sols – Chaulage – Effets de l'humidité du sol":
Gilliot, Jean-Marc, Emmanuelle Vaudour, Joël Michelin, and Sabine Houot. "Estimation des teneurs en carbone organique des sols agricoles par télédétection par drone." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 213 (April 26, 2017): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2017.193.
Дисертації з теми "Sols – Chaulage – Effets de l'humidité du sol":
Das, Geetanjali. "Evaluation of kneading compaction method and the long-term performances of lime-treated soils." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ECDN0043.
Investigation of the behavior of limetreated soil with emphasis on laboratory and field implementation technics and microstructural observations is made. Field investigation of a 7-year atmospherically cured embankment, thanks to measurement of sampled materials performances, shows a significant evolution in compressive strength, evidencing the long term benefits of lime treatment. This embankment was subjected to ‘kneading compaction’, which mechanism is less investigated. At laboratory scale, ‘kneading compaction’ is found to improve lime-dispersion and soil fabric. Such features, if accompanied by available water, favors the development of cementitious compounds. The effect of pore fluid on the hydraulic conductivity, k evolution, and leaching mechanism of kneaded lime-treated soil is studied. Using demineralized water as pore fluid is found to be comparatively aggressive than a low-ionic strength solution. Thus, demonstrating the importance of consideration of the type of permeant solution. Long-term performance of lime-treated soil by subjecting them to wetting-drying cycle using different testing conditions and different wetting fluids is evaluated. The evaluation revealed the importance of consideration of the nature of wetting fluid and temperature effects on the physicochemical and microstructure evolution of lime-treated soil. Thus, the reproduced compaction procedure, nature of the permeant solution, and testing conditions in the laboratory scale must be closer to the field situation
Lochon, Iris. "Effets du chaulage sur le fontionnement de l'écosystème prairial en moyenne montagne." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC053/document.
The development of sustainable agriculture requires greater understanding of the impact of management practices on agroecosystem functioning, and on the ecosystem services provided by these agroecosystems. Representing nearly 68% of world's agricultural surfaces and contributing to the livelihoods of more than 800 million people, grasslands are one of the major agroecosystems where optimized agricultural practices are of concern. This PhD focuses on liming, a well-known practice for counteracting soil acidification (due to ongoing natural processes or accelerated by management practices), but which has variable efficiency in permanent grasslands. Indeed, liming effects on grassland are poorly documented and existing studies rarely take into account grassland multifunctionality. My thesis uses an integrated approach to improve the knowledge of liming impacts on grassland functioning. Different types of experiments – in the field (in situ), in semi-controlled conditions (mesocosms) and laboratory soil incubations (microcosms) – were used to study liming effects on different grassland compartments (vegetation, microorganisms, soil) along with possible interacting factors. Liming effectively increased soil pH in all the experiments. However, improving pH status did not always lead to greater forage production or increases in microbial and root biomass. My results showed that liming can enhance greenhouse gas emissions through several pathways (reemission of lime-derived carbon or stimulation of carbon mineralization), but may also reduce CO2 emissions from ecosystem respiration. Collectively, my findings emphasize the importance of pedoclimatic conditions for liming impacts on permanent grasslands and highlight the difficulty of upscaling liming effects, particularly on forage production and greenhouse gas emissions. The efficiency of liming appears to depend on the type and dose of soil improvers and can also interact with other management practices such as nitrogen fertilization and management intensification
Rizvi, Syed. "Amendements calco-magnésiens de bassins versants forestiers acidifiés : effets sur la dynamique de la matière organique et l'activité biologique du sol." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4796.
The main objective of this work is to assess the consequences of calco-magnesium liming on two acidified forested catchments in Vosges Mountain (sandstone and granite) on humus morphology, abundance and diversity of mesofauna, fungal biomass and carbon storage in organic horizons 5 and 7 years after liming. Moreover, we performed a study to verify under laboratories conditions by using microcosms filled with soil from acidified catchments lying on sandstone and granite in order to study the short-term effect of calco-magnesium liming. During the two field campaigns, we determined calcium and magnesium contents of OL horizon, pH, humus morphology, mesofauna abundance and diversity, fungal biomass, soil carbon storage of organic layers OL, OF and OH.Results indicated that calco-magnesium liming affects studied parameters in different ways according to elapsed time after liming and the geological substrate (sandstone and granite), the more acidic catchment (sandstone) showing the most remarkable reaction. Results of immediate effects of liming showed a decrease of mesofauna abundance and then gradually increasing tendencies in field campaigns after 5 years while no effect after 7 years after liming. The opposite or no effects were observed on granite substrate. Ca and Mg contents in OL horizon increased by liming but this effect were only significant on sandstone substrate. Soil fungal biomass was not affected by liming but was significantly higher on granite substrate than sandstone. Liming increased the OH horizon thickness on sandstone while decreased the OL horizon on granite, under the influence of biological activity (mesofauna vs microorganisms)
De, Baecque Margot. "Caractérisation multi-physique de la durabilité d'un sol traité à la chaux pour une application aux digues maritimes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2078.
In the context of dike construction, the lime treatment of clayey soils improves their properties and avoids importing other high quality materials. Such treatment could reduce the environmental and economic cost of the raw material carriage. Several studies in the literature showed that the lime treatment of soil increases the mechanical strength and the resistance to erosion. However, the impact of the environmental stress on the material durability, especially in marine environment, was not taken into account in these studies. The work presented in this thesis dissertation is part of the CPER-FEDER PACA Digue2020 project, of which the purpose is to build a marine dike using a lime treated soil and to monitor the dike sustainability. The goal of our work is to evaluate in the lab the durability of the lime treated soil by reproducing a marine environment. Wetting-drying accelerated cycles using standardized sea water are defined to reproduce the alternate phases of emersion and immersion of the dike. The uniaxial mechanical strength, the resistance to internal and external erosion, and the porosity are evaluated. These properties are chosen in order to assess the durability of the dike. The material electrical resistivity and seismic wave velocities are evaluated during the hydric cycles to correlate these material properties with the state of degradation due to the cycles. The effect of the hydric cycles is a non-linear decrease of the geomechanical properties. The reduction of the properties is fast during the first cycles then it slows down. Geophysical properties prove complementary in characterizing the lime-treated soil properties. The perspectives of this work are to perform in situ testing on the Digue2020 dike. On-site results could be compared with lab test results in order to evaluate the representativeness of lab tests and their protocol. A long term geophysical instrumentation is planned to monitor the properties of the lime-treated and non-treated materials within the Digue2020 earthwork
Vedere, Charlotte. "Impact du potentiel matriciel sur la biodégradation de résidus végétaux - Evolution spatio-temporelle de la détritusphère." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB014.
As a result of the heterogeneous spatial distribution of microorganisms and substrates in soil and restricted accessibility, biodegradation occurs mainly in hot-spots, such as in the detritusphere induced by decomposing plant residues. Knowing the characteristics of the volume of soil involved in decomposition of a given organic substrate would help understand and predict biodegradation, while this information is not yet known for given soil characteristics. Our objectives were: (i) to identify the volume of soil involved in the biodegradation of plant residues and (ii) to determine to what extent this volume is affected by soil moisture under diffusive conditions, by monitoring the mineralisation and spatio-temporal evolution of residues-C and microorganisms in soil at the scale of the microbial habitat. We incubated repacked soil cores, with a central layer of 13C labelled maize residues at three different matric potentials. We monitored the 13C and total C mineralisation over 601 days of incubation, we separated soil slices with increasing distances from the residues at 3, 7, 15 and 45 days and analysed therein the 13C from the residue, the microbial community structure and its activity by processing PLFA and 13C-PLFA but also prepared thin sections for fluorescence and nanoSIMS observations. Mineralisation and priming effect increased with soil moisture, but beyond 70 days, they both become higher than expected in dry conditions. A few mm thick detritusphere was established as fast as the soil humidity was important, with an increasing gradient of 13C, total, 13C PLFA and observed colonies towards the residues layer. Most 13C from the residues was located in the first two millimetres of the detritusphere and little impacted by matric potential. The degrading microbial communities were different from the total communities but similar in wet and dry conditions. Both bacteria and fungi were involved in biodegradation after 7 days of incubation. The use of analysis methods of points repartition between them and according to macropores allowed us to obtain little widespread micro-scale data in soil sciences on the distribution of soil microorganisms. The aggregation of microorganisms seems little affected by the water content and the proximity of the residue. On the other hand, distribution gradients of microorganisms around the macropores were stronger in dry than wet conditions and in contact with the residue. The NanoSIMS observations could not give very reliable results but were consistent with a rapid assimilation of the resources available after a few days of incubation. It seems more generally that in the case of dry soil, part of the processes are slower (establishment of the detritusphere, development of fungi, biodegradation, priming effect, distribution of microorganisms around the pores, etc.), however, their intensity is not lessened
Lawrence, Heather. "MODÉLISATION DE L'EFFET DE LA RUGOSITÉ DE SURFACE ET DE LA LITIÈRE DES COUVERTS NATURELS SUR LES OBSERVATIONS MICRO-ONDES PASSIVES - APPLICATION AU SUIVI GLOBAL DE L'HUMIDITÉ DU SOL PAR LA MISSION SMOS." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024075.
Radimy, Raymond Tojo. "Cinétique d'évolution structurale des sols argileux : relation stress hydrique-stress salin ; Application à la biodiversité et rendement de culture." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2310/document.
The coastal marshlands are territories generally reclaimed on primary fluvio-marine sediments. They result from hydraulic managements and/or polderization which may date from the Middle Ages. Historically these hydraulic managements were built for goals of wholesomeness, breeding and farming. They isolate two territories: the dried marshes and the wet marshes. For the intensive cereal crops the slow drying caused by land reclamation was recently improved by the drainage, in part for increase the depth of desalinization and decrease waterlogging. Nevertheless, these territories remain characterized by shallow ground water of initial salt water. Consequently, the hydric profiles are governed by the meteoric conditions including the Evapotranspiration, the rainfall, but also the capillarity rises from the salt groundwater. Moreover, the clay dominated nature of the soils and their drastic shrinkage properties govern the hydrodynamic functioning and the soil structure behavior.The first part of the work was the monitoring of the water content and salinity profiles in drained cereal crops and in undrained grasslands. These measurements have been completed by the ground water level and tensiometric monitoring. The final goal was the calculation and modeling of the available water capacity (AWC) and plant available water (PAW) profiles. In these systems mainly supplied by the capillarity rises, the root network gets water in the subsurface vadose zone and then in the deeper saturated groundwater zone. The water content characteristic of the interface between the vadose and saturated zone was determined by comparison between the clay material state paths along its shrinkage curve and along its compaction curve. The PAW profiles were calculated from the water content profiles and then compared to the AWC profiles. The PAW profiles have been equated as polynomial second degree equations. In these shallow groundwater environments the PAW profiles have been modeled taking into account an easy measurable surface parameter which includes the soil structure behavior and the meteoric conditions: i.e. the water content measured at 10 cm depth. The PAW modelling remains sufficiently realistic to be used as a tool for farming management. Two preliminary studies were added to this work: - the measurement of effective thermal conductivity of the clayey soils by the transient hot wire method, and the modeling of the effective thermal conductivity of biphasic air-clay and water-clay media, but also triphasic unsaturated air-water-clay media. The prospect is the modeling of thermal and hydric transfer from the surface to the depth. - and the elaboration of a protocol of impregnation - hardening for wet clay dominated soils by HEMA resins. This impregnation allows the making of thin sections in these clay materials with conservation of their initial wet structures. The prospective is the quantitative petrography at the root - clay matrix interface along vertical profiles in clayey soils at different degrees of saturation and different structures