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Статті в журналах з теми "Souris de laboratoire – Tests":
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Byrom, B., Suman M. Mahan, and Anthony F. Barbet. "Le développement d’anticorps contre Cowdria ruminantium chez la souris et leur rôle dans la cowdriose." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 46, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1993): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9361.
Анотація:
Les réponses immunitaires contre Cowdria ruminantium ont été étudiées en utilisant des souris DBA/2 et Balb/c comme modèle. Les deux souches de souris ont été inoculées avec 1, 10 ou 100 DL50 de C. ruminantium (stock Crystal Springs). Des anticorps contre C. ruminantium ont commencé à se développer dans la deuxième semaine après l'inoculation et le titre d'anticorps dépendait de la dose de C. ruminantium inoculée. Le rôle possible des anticorps sur la maladie a été recherché au moyen des tests de neutralisation in vitro, utilisant des sérums de souris et de bovins. Les résultats ont montré que les sérums hyperimmuns des souris DBA/2 et Balb/c étaient capables de neutraliser l'infection in vitro, celui des souris DBA/2 montrant l'effet neutralisant le plus fort. Deux sérums de bovins, l'un d'un animal infecté au laboratoire et l'autre provenant d'un mélange de sérums de deux animaux infectés naturellement, ont également montré un effet neutralisant.
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B, Mikolo, Etou Ossibi A.W, Miamb L.R., and Abena A.A. "Evaluation des toxicités aigue et subaiguë de l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de Tetracera potatoria Ex. G. Don chez les rongeurs de laboratoire." Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 45, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 7980–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v45-3.3.
Анотація:
1 RESUME Tetracera potatoria est une plante médicinale utilisée traditionnellement en Afrique contre quelques maladies infectieuses. La consommation exagérée des produits de cette plante, tout comme pour ceux des autres plantes, peut présenter des risques d’intoxication pour les consommateurs. Le but de ce travail a donc été d’explorer les activités toxicologiques aiguë et subaiguë de l’extrait aqueux de cette plante chez les souris et les rats en vue de garantir la sécurité des consommateurs de cette plante. L’extrait aqueux des feuilles de T. potatoria récoltées dans le département de la Bouenza a été administré aux souris et rats tests et de l’eau distillée aux témoins. Les effets de cet extrait sur le comportement, l’état général, la mortalité des souris ont été observés et les paramètres biochimiques et hématologiques analysés selon les méthodes classiques. Concernant la toxicité aiguë, l’administration d’une dose unique de 5 000 mg/Kg aux souris n’a pas eu d’effets significatifs sur le comportement, la prise de poids et la prise alimentaire ainsi que sur les paramètres biochimiques et hématologiques. Concernant la toxicité subaiguë, par contre, l’administration quotidienne d’une dose de 2000 mg/kg pendant 28 jours aux rats a entrainé des modifications du poids corporel et de certains paramètres biochimiques et hématopoïétiques. Au terme de ce travail, il ressort que l’administration unique de la dose de 5000 mg/kg ne provoque pas des signes de toxicité chez la souris. En traitement subaiguë, cet extrait à 2000 mg/kg provoque une modification significative de quelques paramètres biochimiques et hématologiques chez le rat, sans avoir d’effets significatifs sur les organes nobles. SUMMARY Tetracera potatoria is a medicinal plant used traditionally in Africa against some infectious diseases. The excessive consumption of the products of this plant, as for those of other plants, can present risks of intoxication for the consumers. The aim of this work was therefore to explore the acute and subacute toxicological activities of the aqueous extract of mice and rats in order to guarantee the safety of users of this plant. An aqueous extract of the leaves of T. potatoria, harvested in the department of Bouenza, was administered to the test mice and rats 7980 Mikolo et al., 2020 Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences (J.Anim.Plant Sci. ISSN 2071-7024) Vol.45 (3): 7980-7991 https://doi.org/10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v45-3.3 and distilled water to the controls. The effects of this extract have been analyzed. Regarding acute toxicity, the administration of a single dose of 5000 mg/Kg to mice had no significant effects on behaviour, weight gain and food intake as well as on biochemical parameters and hematopoietic. Regarding sub-acute toxicity, on the other hand, the daily administration of a dose of 2000 mg/kg for 28 days to rats resulted in changes in body weight and certain biochemical and hematopoietic parameters. This work indicates that the single administration of the 5000 mg/kg dose does not cause signs toxicity in mice. In sub-acute treatment, this extract at 2000 mg/kg causes a significant modification of some biochemical and hematological parameters in rats, without having significant effects on noble organs.
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Zhang, Kevin, Avika Misra, Patrick J. Kim, Seyed M. Moghadas, Joanne M. Langley, and Marek Smieja. "Disparition rapide de la grippe après la mise en œuvre de mesures d'atténuation de la COVID-19 à Hamilton, Ontario." Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada 47, no. 04 (May 7, 2021): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v47i04a04f.
Анотація:
Contexte : Des mesures de santé publique, telles que la distanciation physique et la fermeture des écoles et des services non essentiels, ont été rapidement mises en œuvre au Canada pour freiner la propagation de la maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Nous avons cherché à étudier les conséquences des mesures d'atténuation pendant la vague printanière de COVID-19 sur l'incidence d'autres virus respiratoires confirmés en laboratoire à Hamilton, en Ontario. Méthodes : Tous les échantillons d'écouvillons nasopharyngés (n = 57 503) soumis à un dépistage systématique du virus respiratoire dans un laboratoire régional desservant tous les centres hospitaliers de soins de courte durée de Hamilton entre janvier 2010 et juin 2020 ont été examinés. Les tests de dépistage de la grippe A et B, du virus respiratoire syncytial, du métapneumovirus humain, du virus para-influenza I-III, de l'adénovirus et du rhinovirus/entérovirus ont été effectués systématiquement à l'aide d'un panel multiplex de virus respiratoires par réaction en chaîne par polymérase mis au point par le laboratoire. Un modèle de régression linéaire bayésien a été utilisé pour déterminer la tendance des taux de positivité de tous les échantillons de grippe au cours des 26 premières semaines de chaque année de 2010 à 2019. Le taux de positivité moyen de l'inférence bayésienne a été comparé au taux de positivité hebdomadaire des échantillons de grippe rapporté en 2020. Résultats : Le taux de positivité de la grippe en 2020 a fortement diminué après la mise en œuvre d’interventions relatives à la COVID-19 à l'échelle de la population. Les semaines 12–26 ont rapporté 0 % de positivité pour la grippe, à l'exception de 0,1 % rapporté la semaine 13. Conclusion : Les mesures de santé publique mises en œuvre pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 ont été associées à une incidence réduite d'autres virus respiratoires et devraient être envisagées pour atténuer la gravité de la grippe saisonnière et des pandémies dues à d'autres virus respiratoires.
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Diaite, Amadou, A. Gueye, Yaya Thiongane, Moustapha Lo, T. N. Dieye, and Georges Vassiliades. "Observation dans les Niayes du Sénégal d'une souche de Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax transmissible d'un bovin à des souris par la seringue." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 51, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9638.
Анотація:
Une souche de Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax isolée dans la région des Niayes du Sénégal a pu être transmise à des souris de laboratoire (Balb/c). La parasitémie a été suivie après son apparition pendant plus de 100 jours chez l'une des souris. Cette observation confirme que T. vivax peut être spontanément transmissible aux rongeurs.(Résumé d'auteur)
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GOCKO, X., and C. PLOTTON. "Controverses et origine de Sars-CoV-2." EXERCER 32, no. 175 (September 1, 2021): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56746/exercer.2021.175.316.
Анотація:
Les origines du Sars-CoV-2 sont l’objet de discussion depuis son origine dans le monde entier et dans les consultations de médecine générale. Cette synthèse présente les principales controverses en rapport avec la question et des arguments en faveur des différentes hypothèses : l’émergence du virus, le rôle des chauves-souris, d’un hôte intermédiaire et l’éventualité d’un accident de laboratoire.
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Maurin-Blanchet, H. "A propos d’un cas de toxico-pathologie chez des souris de laboratoire." Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France, no. 4 (1986): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/64810.
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Djoko, E., L. F. Tematio Nague, R. Chougouo, and D. Wouessidjewe. "Essai de formulation de suppositoires et ovules à base de beurre de karité comme excipient." Phytothérapie 18, no. 3-4 (October 17, 2018): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/phyto-2018-0065.
Анотація:
Le beurre de karité et le beurre de cacao présentent de grandes similitudes d’utilisation en cosmétique et en agroalimentaire. Nous avons voulu, dans la présente étude, rechercher les voies et moyens de l’utilisation du beurre de karité dans le secteur pharmaceutique pour la fabrication des suppositoires et des ovules. Des échantillons de beurre de karité produits dans la région nord du Cameroun ont été achetés sur le marché de Bafoussam (région ouest). Après l’analyse physique et chimique des échantillons, nous avons procédé à la recherche d’un améliorant qui, incorporé au beurre de karité, pourrait permettre d’obtenir un excipient compatible avec la fabrication des suppositoires et des ovules. Nous avons ainsi essayé successivement comme améliorant la cire blanche et la silice colloïdale aux taux respectifs de 1, 2, 4 et 6 %. Pour vérifier la pertinence de notre choix, nous avons fabriqué et soumis au contrôle deux médicaments témoins en utilisant d’une part le beurre de karité brut local et d’autre part le beurre de karité raffiné importé de France (laboratoire Aroma). À température ambiante, le beurre de karité brut était collant et huileux au toucher, avec une consistance pâteuse. Son point de fusion était de 34 °C. L’indice d’acide était de 1,56, l’indice d’ester de 170,98, l’indice de saponification de 181,84, l’indice de peroxyde de 2,90 et la densité de 0,90. Pour ce qui est de la recherche de l’améliorant, le meilleur résultat a été obtenu avec la silice colloïdale anhydre (AEROSIL® 200) à 4 %. Le nouvel excipient obtenu avait une consistance convenable et un point de fusion favorable (36 °C) à l’utilisation comme excipient pour suppositoires. Tous les médicaments témoins (suppositoires enfants de paracétamol dosés à 300 mg et ovules de métronidazole dosés à 500 mg) fabriqués aussi bien avec le beurre de karité brut local que le beurre de karité raffiné importé ont répondu favorablement aux tests pharmacotechniques prévus par la pharmacopée européenne. Ce résultat des tests pharmacotechniques nous permet de conclure que le beurre de karité renforcé par 4 % de silice colloïdale anhydre peut être valablement utilisé comme excipient pour suppositoires et ovules.
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Milon, G. "Listeria monocytogenes : interaction avec le système immunitaire d'un hôte expérimental, la souris de laboratoire." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 25 (February 1995): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(05)81059-5.
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Gama, Andrea, Linamary Perea, Catalina Yepes, Jhon J. Betancur, Jorge Vargas, Jerôme Amiaud, Sylvie Babajko, Frédéric Lezot, and Beatriz Castaneda. "Effets de l’inhibition post-natale de RANKL sur l’éruption et la formation radiculaire des molaires de souris C57BL/6." L'Orthodontie Française 90, no. 1 (March 2019): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/orthodfr/2019008.
Анотація:
Introduction : Des observations récentes effectuées dans le service d’ODF de la Pitié-Salpêtrière à Paris montrent une augmentation des altérations de l’éruption des molaires permanentes non-familiales. Nos travaux récents au laboratoire montrent l’implication des ostéoclastes (OC) dans les processus d’éruption et de rétention dentaires avec implication de la voie de signalisation RANKL/RANK/OPG. Ces faits nous ont amenés à émettre l’hypothèse d’une étiologie environnementale à l’origine de ces défauts d’éruption qui correspondrait à la perturbation des voies de signalisation cellulaires autocrines/paracrines telles que la voie RANKL/RANK/OPG. Matériels et méthodes : Des souris C57BL/6 ont subi des injections d’anticorps anti- RANKL à intervalles réguliers au cours des neuf premiers jours après la naissance. Une comparaison phénotypique avec les souris transgéniques RANK a permis la caractérisation fonctionnelle de la voie RANK/RANKL. Le complexe dento-alvéolaire a été analysé par micro-CT pour la densité osseuse, et la coloration au trichrome de Masson pour les examens histologiques. Résultats : L’invalidation transitoire de RANKL a conduit à un arrêt du développement radiculaire des molaires et l’inhibition de l’éruption dentaire contrairement au phénotype des souris surexprimant RANK. Le recrutement et l’activité des ostéoclastes ont été fortement altérés. Discussion : Ces recherches présentent un intérêt clinique tant direct concernant la compréhension des pathologies de l’éruption qu’indirect pour l’établissement des protocoles de traitements orthodontiques pour les cas particuliers.
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Brahimi, Mohamed, Farah Bouamama, Assia Alem, Amel Mihoubi, and Mohamed Amine Bekadja. "Les examens de laboratoire en hématologie." Batna Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2012): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.48087/bjmstf.2015.2216.
Анотація:
Complete blood cell count (CBC) and coagulation screening tests are the most performed laboratory tests. These two assays must be done systematically in various occasions since many blood disorders can be pauci or asymptomatic, and every illness may lead to their disturbance. For these reasons these tests are described in this paper. Nowadays, the majority of CBCs are performed using eighteen parameters automatic counters. For pedagogic reasons, this load of parameters is divided into three parts: red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets parameters and the alteration of each of these later are highlighted hereafter. Standard coagulation assays (aPPT, PT, and fibrinogen) are described and the clinical approach explained in this monograph.
Дисертації з теми "Souris de laboratoire – Tests":
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Petit-Demoulière, Benoit. "Caractérisation des facteurs spatiaux-temporels et des structures cérébrales impliqués dans la tolérance aux benzodiazépines et dans la mémoire aversive, observées lors du test-retest des quatre plaques chez la souris." Nantes, 2007. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=3c881546-94c8-4ecc-8bae-ac363cf99af4.
Анотація:
Ce travail visait à déterminer les facteurs et les structures cérébrales impliqués dans les modifications de réponse comportementale lors d’une réexposition au test des quatre plaques (FPT) chez la Souris. Ainsi, nous observons une mémoire aversive chez la souris expérimentée n’ayant pas reçu de traitement, et une « one-trial tolerance » (OTT), qui est la perte de l’effet de type anxiolytique d’une molécule lors du retest. Nous avons travaillé avec le diazépam, une benzodiazépine qui exerce un effet de type anxiolytique dans le FPT chez la souris naïve, mais le perd lors du retest ; et le DOI, un agoniste des récepteurs 5-HT2A/2C, qui a un effet de type anxiolytique en test et en retest du FPT. La seule connaissance de l’environnement est responsable de l’OTT lors du retest, alors que la mémoire aversive est liée aussi aux punitions. Une exposition de 30 secondes durant le prétest est suffisante pour déclencher ces processus. De plus, la mémoire aversive est observable immédiatement après le FPT. L’étude des structures cérébrales impliquées, par injections localisées, révèle que le DOI semble agir sur l’hippocampe, alors que le diazépam est actif dans le noyau latéral de l’amygdale en test et dans la substance grise périaqueducale en retest du FPT. Le rôle de l’hippocampe dans la mémoire aversive a été confirmé par une inactivation réversible de lidocaïne, un anesthésique local. Enfin, une étude neurochimique a révélé l’implication des systèmes sérotoninergique dans l’hippocampe et le cortex, et dopaminergique dans l’hypothalamus, au cours du test-retest dans le FPT. Ces résultats suggèrent que mémoire aversive et OTT sont liés à des mécanismes et structures différentsThis thesis aimed at discovering factors and cerebral structures implicated in the modification of the behaviour of mice, during re-exposure to a four-plate test. Aversive memory and one-trial tolerance (OTT) are observed during this retest. Aversive memory consists in a diminution of the number of accepted punished passages. « One-trial tolerance » is the abolishment of the anxiolytic-like effect of a drug in experimented mice. Diazepam, a usual benzodiazepine affected by OTT, is used in parallel with DOI, a 5-HT2A/2C agonist that keeps its anxiolytic-like activity during retest, in order to study this phenomenon. In the first study, spatial knowledge of the apparatus was found to be responsible of the OTT during retest. The aversive memory was linked also to punishments. The second study showed that 30 seconds of pretest were sufficient to observe OTT and aversive memory during retest. Moreover, aversive memory is effective immediately after the pretest. In the next study, local injections of DOI and of diazepam revealed that hippocampus was activated by DOI. Diazepam was active when injected into lateral nuclei of amygdala in naive mice, and into periaqueductal gray matter in experimented mice. A neuro-chemical study with HPLC revealed that serotonergic system was affected by the pretest in hippocampus and cortex. Dopaminergic system was modified in hypothalamus of experimented mice. To sum up, these results suggest that aversive memory and OTT seem triggered via different mechanisms, supported by different structures
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Ripoll, Nadège. "Le test-retest dans un modèle animal d'anxiété chez la souris : sensibilisation, discrimination dans le test des quatre-plaques." Nantes, 2005. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=b75d6022-60ae-47de-8c05-543e45736e42.
Анотація:
Une procédure de test-retest dans un modèle animal d'anxiété entraîne une augmentation du comportement anxieux et une perte de l'activité anxiolytique des benzodiazépines (BZDs). L'objectif principal de ce travail était d'évaluer la capacité d'un protocole de test-retest dans le modèle des quatre-plaques (FPT) à mettre en évidence des différences d'activité entre diverses substances anxiolytiques, possédant des mécanismes d'action distincts et d'essayer d'apporter une explication à ces modifications comportementales et pharmacologiques observées lors d'une 2ème confrontation des souris au modèle. Contrairement aux BZDs et aux antidépresseurs [la paroxétine, un inhibiteur sélectif de la recapture de la sérotonine (5-HT) et la venlafaxine, un inhibiteur mixte de la recapture de la 5-HT et de la noradrénaline] étudiés, le DOI, un agoniste des récepteurs 5-HT2A/2C conserve son effet de type anxiolytique chez des souris confrontées une 2ème fois au FPT. Son effet s'exerce par l'intermédiaire des récepteurs 5-HT2A. Chez les souris naïves, l'effet anti-punitif du DOI est supprimé par un prétraitement par la clonidine (un agoniste des récepteurs alpha2), le sulpiride (un antagoniste des récepteurs D2), le SCH 23390 (un antagoniste des récepteurs D1) et la buspirone (un agoniste partiel des récepteurs 5-HT1A et antagoniste des récepteurs D2). Chez les souris pré-testées, seuls le sulpiride et le SCH 23390 s'opposent à l'activité du DOI. La lésion des neurones dopaminergiques abolit l'effet du DOI chez les souris pré-testées, mais pas chez les souris naïves. Contrairement au DOI, le diazépam perd son effet de type anxiolytique chez les souris naïves déplétées en 5-HTA test-retest protocol in animal models of anxiety induces an increase of anxious behaviour and a loss of benzodiazepines (BZD)-induced effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the test-retest protocol in the four-plates-test is able to discriminate between anxiolytic compounds with distinct mechanism of action and tried to explain the changes in behaviour and pharmacological response in retested mice. In contrast to BZDs and antidepressants [paroxetine, a selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor and venlafaxine, a 5-HT and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor], the 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist DOI, conserves its anxiolytic-like effect in mice when retested on FPT. DOI exerts its anxiolytic-like effect in the FPT test-retest paradigm through 5-HT2A receptors. In naive mice, DOI-induced anti-punishment effect was abolished by pretreatment with clonidine (an alpha2 receptor agonist), sulpiride (a D2 receptor antagonist), SCH 23390 (a D1 receptor antagonist) and buspirone (a 5-HT1A partial agonist and D2 receptor antagonist). Only sulpiride and SCH 23390 antagonized the DOI-induced activity in experienced mice. The Lesion of dopaminergic neurons suppress the DOI-induced effect in retested mice, but not in naive mice. In contrast to DOI, diazepam lost its anxiolytic-like effect in 5-HT depleted naive mice
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Delpuech, Benjamin. "Simulation de la résistance du tibia de souris avec et sans tumeur osseuse." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1132.
Анотація:
Le corps humain (adulte) est composé de 206 os (“Anatomy and Physiology | Simple Book Production” n.d.) qui sont des tissus denses et composent la majeure partie du squelette humain. Le squelette, étant hautement vascularisé, est l’endroit le plus communément affecté par le cancer métastatique (Coleman 1997). L’apparition de ces métastases osseuses fragilise l’os et peut provoquer des fractures pathologiques. Toutefois la prédiction de telles fractures est difficile et loin d’être automatique. Une possibilité pour créer un outil de diagnostic plus performant serait les simulations éléments finis (FEA en anglais pour « Finite Elements Analysis »). Des études ont montré que la FEA spécifique au patient était capable de surpasser l’expertise des cliniciens dans le cas d’étude ex vivo avec défauts osseux induits mécaniquement (dont Derikx et al. 2012). Les recherches portant sur le cancer osseux sont toutefois dur à mettre en place, les échantillons étant rare. De manière à contourner la difficulté de trouver des échantillons humains rarement disponibles, la souris a été utilisé comme modèle squelettique dans plusieurs cas, incluant la tenue mécanique d’os atteint de métastases ex vivo (Mann et al. 2008). Ainsi, de manière à pouvoir étudier l’implication du tissu métastatique dans la résistance globale de l’os sur échantillons réels, nous avons utilisé ce modèle animal pour créer des échantillons tumoraux.Notre but était double : premièrement, quantifier l’apport de la prise en compte des propriétés mécaniques de la métastase dans la résistance globale de l’os. Deuxièmement, statuer sur le fait qu’un modèle plus simple que celui proposé dans la littérature (reposant sur des propriétés purement élastiques plutôt qu’élasto-plastiques (Eggermont et al. 2018) pouvait permettre d’améliorer la prédiction de fractures pathologiques.Tout d’abord, les résultats obtenus avec nos modèles hétérogènes (ne prenant pas en compte la tumeur) ont montré une bonne consistance avec la littérature, la corrélation entre tous les modèles hétérogènes (n=43 pattes) quant à la fracture simulée et expérimentale étant du même ordre de grandeur que celles d’une étude analogue menée sur vertèbres de souris (Nyman et al. 2015). Ensuite, le modèle prenant en compte les propriétés des tumeurs n’as pas permis d’améliorer la prédiction de fracture, au contraire, la moyenne des différences de ces modèles étant de 30±21% (n=11 pattes tumorales) contre 12±9% (n=43 pattes). De plus le modèle spécifique (prenant en compte le module des tumeurs) étant plus difficile à obtenir que le modèle hétérogène (ne nécessitant pas de segmentation entre os et tumeur), le premier ne semble pas être judicieux dans la prédiction de fracture d’os long présentant des lyses osseuses. Enfin, un critère de détection reposant sur la différence entre valeurs de forces ultimes globale et locale a permis de détecter la majorité des instabilités mécaniques constatées dans cette étude (sensibilité de 85% et spécificité de 100%). Un autre critère, basé sur le ratio entre poids des individus et la force ultime locale prédite via FEA a permis de correctement diagnostiquer l’ensemble des cas (100% de sensibilité et de spécificité). Ce résultat pourrait s’avérer être d’une grande aide quant à la prise de décision d’intervention chirurgicale dans le cas d’os long atteints de métastases osseuses. Bien sûr, avant cela la route à parcourir reste longue, ce résultat devant d’abord être confirmé cliniquement (possiblement en ayant recours à l’étude d’un cohorte rétrospective, comme cela a déjà pu être fait dans d’autres études (Eggermont et al. 2018). Cette étude vient d’être initiée dans le cas du projet MEKANOS (étude multicentrique en France) porté par le Professeur Cyrille Confavreux (rhumatologue)The human body (adult) is composed of 206 bones ("Anatomy and Physiology | Simple Book Production" n.d.) that are dense tissues and make up the bulk of the human skeleton. The skeleton, being highly vascularized, is the most commonly affected site for metastatic cancer (Coleman 1997). The development of these bone metastases weakens the bone and can cause pathological fractures. However, the prediction of such fractures is difficult and far from automatic. One possibility for creating a more powerful diagnostic tool would be finite element simulations (FEA). Studies have shown that patient-specific FEA is able to surpass the expertise of clinicians in the case of ex vivo studies with mechanically induced bone defects (including Derikx et al., 2012). Research on bone cancer, however, is hard to put in place as samples are rare. In order to overcome the difficulty of finding human samples that are rarely available, the mouse has been used as a skeletal model in several cases, including the mechanical resistance of bones with ex vivo metastases (Mann et al., 2008). Thus, in order to study the involvement of metastatic tissue in the overall bone resistance of real samples, we used this animal model to create tumor samples. Our goal was twofold: first, to quantify the contribution of taking into account the mechanical properties of metastasis in the overall resistance of the bone. Secondly, to see if a simpler model than that proposed in the literature (based on purely elastic rather than elastoplastic properties (Eggermont et al., 2018) could improve the prediction of pathological fractures. First, the results obtained with our heterogeneous models (not taking tumor into account) showed a good consistency with the literature, the correlation between all the heterogeneous models (n = 43 legs) regarding the agreement of simulated and experimental fracture were of the same order of magnitude as a similar study conducted on mouse vertebrae (Nyman et al., 2015). Then, the model taking into account the properties of the tumors did not make it possible to improve the fracture prediction. The average of the differences of models taking tumor into account being of 30 ± 21% (n = 11 tumor limbs) against 12 ± 9% (n = 43 limbs). In addition, the specific model (taking into account the modulus of the tumors) being more difficult to obtain than the heterogeneous model (not requiring segmentation between bone and tumor), the first does not seem to be a wise choice in the prediction of long bone fracture presenting bone lysis. Finally, a detection criterion based on the difference between global and local ultimate force values made it possible to detect the majority of the mechanical instabilities observed in this study (sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 100%). Another criterion, based on the ratio between individual weights and the local ultimate force predicted via FEA, made it possible to correctly diagnose all cases (100% sensitivity and specificity). This result could prove to be of great help in making surgical decision making in the case of long bone with bone metastases. Of course, before that, the road ahead is long, this result having to be clinically confirmed first (possibly through the study of a retrospective cohort, as has already been done in other studies (Eggermont et al., 2018). This study has just been initiated in the case of the project MEKANOS (multicenter study in France) led by Professor Cyrille Confavreux (rheumatologist)
4
Chenu, Franck. "Rôle des récepteurs 5-HT1B et de la dopamine dans l'activité de type antidépresseur des IRSSs dans le test de la nage forcée chez la souris." Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=018f5f37-7688-4cb7-a45d-71466d15ddc9.
Анотація:
Les inhibiteurs de recapture sélectifs de la sérotonine (IRSSs) exercent leur activité antidépressive en augmentant la concentration extracellulaire de sérotonine dans la fente synaptique qui induit l'activation de 14 sous types de récepteurs. Parmi ces récepteurs, le sous type 1B possède un rôle fondamental car son activation (injection locale ou systémique d’anpirtoline) induit un effet antidépresseur alors que son blocage empêche l’apparition des effets des IRSSs. Le maintien de l’activité antidépressive de l’anpirtoline chez des animaux dont les autorécepteurs ont été détruits démontre que se sont les hétérorécepteurs 5-HT1B qui sont responsables des effets comportementaux. L’activité de type antidépresseur des IRSSs disparaissant chez des animaux dont le système dopaminergique a été préalablement lésé, nous avons donc suggéré que l’effet des IRSSs nécessite une augmentation de la neurotransmission dopaminergique consécutive à l’activation des récepteurs 5-HT1BSSRIs induce an increase in extracellular serotonin which is responsible of their antidepressant-like (AD-like) properties. Among all 5-HT receptors subtypes activated, 5-HT1B subtype appears to be strongly involved in the mediation of this anti-immobility effect. Indeed, 5-HT1B receptors activation (following local or systemic infusion of anpirtoline) induces an AD-like effect, whereas 5-HT1B receptor blockade antagonises the activity of SSRIs. Anpirtoline being still efficient in 5-HT1B autoreceptors of lesioned mice it suggests that AD-like effects of 5-HT1B receptors agonists are mediated by activation of 5-HT1B heteroreceptors. Since AD-like effect of SSRIs is absent on dopamine lesioned mice, we have suggested that SSRIs activity requires an enhancement of dopamine neurotransmission to occur, and that this enhancement appears further to the activation of 5-HT1B receptor
5
Klein, Schneegans Anne-Sophie. "Autoimmunité héréditaire chez la souris : Etiopathologie et traitements." Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR15082.
6
Riou, Danielle. "Tests de laboratoire utilisés dans le suivi d'une antibiothérapie." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P067.
7
Dubois, Marilyn, and Marilyn Dubois. "Stimulation cérébrale profonde : développement d'un prototype pour étude chez le petit animal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30960.
Анотація:
La stimulation cérébrale profonde (SCP) est une procédure chirurgicale utilisée dans le traitement de divers contextes pathologiques. Ce système, composé d’électrodes implantées dans une région cible du cerveau et d’un neurostimulateur reliés par un fil, permet de délivrer un courant électrique dans une région voulue du cerveau. À ce jour, les mécanismes d’action de la SCP et les effets cellulaires qu’elle engendre demeurent mal connus. Cette problématique découle du fait qu’il existe peu de prototypes de micro-stimulation dans le domaine de la recherche, sans compter que ceux-ci ne répondent pas bien aux critères de cette recherche. Mes travaux de maîtrise visaient donc à développer un système de microstimulation pouvant être utilisé chez la souris et de développer et valider toutes les techniques nécessaires à l’implantation de ce système chez la souris. Au terme de ces travaux, nous avons développé un système de micro-stimulation : 1) utilisable chez la souris 2) pour des protocoles de stimulation chronique de longue durée (jusqu’à 1 mois), 3) possédant des paramètres électriques, semblables à ceux utilisés chez l’humain en clinique, 4) pouvant être ajustés à différents contextes pathologiques. Nous avons aussi développé toutes les techniques nécessaires à son implantation chez la souris. Cet outil novateur permettra d’approfondir notre connaissance des mécanismes d’action et des mécanismes cellulaires sous-jacents aux effets de la SCP et pourra mener, à long terme, à l’identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques.La stimulation cérébrale profonde (SCP) est une procédure chirurgicale utilisée dans le traitement de divers contextes pathologiques. Ce système, composé d’électrodes implantées dans une région cible du cerveau et d’un neurostimulateur reliés par un fil, permet de délivrer un courant électrique dans une région voulue du cerveau. À ce jour, les mécanismes d’action de la SCP et les effets cellulaires qu’elle engendre demeurent mal connus. Cette problématique découle du fait qu’il existe peu de prototypes de micro-stimulation dans le domaine de la recherche, sans compter que ceux-ci ne répondent pas bien aux critères de cette recherche. Mes travaux de maîtrise visaient donc à développer un système de microstimulation pouvant être utilisé chez la souris et de développer et valider toutes les techniques nécessaires à l’implantation de ce système chez la souris. Au terme de ces travaux, nous avons développé un système de micro-stimulation : 1) utilisable chez la souris 2) pour des protocoles de stimulation chronique de longue durée (jusqu’à 1 mois), 3) possédant des paramètres électriques, semblables à ceux utilisés chez l’humain en clinique, 4) pouvant être ajustés à différents contextes pathologiques. Nous avons aussi développé toutes les techniques nécessaires à son implantation chez la souris. Cet outil novateur permettra d’approfondir notre connaissance des mécanismes d’action et des mécanismes cellulaires sous-jacents aux effets de la SCP et pourra mener, à long terme, à l’identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of various pathologies. This system, composed of electrodes implanted in a target area in the brain and of a neurostimulator connected by a wire, allows the delivery of an electrical current in a specific area in the brain. To this day, mechanisms of action and cellular effects resulting from DBS remain poorly understood because of a lack of micro-stimulation tools available in the domain and by the fact that these tools do not properly address requirements of this research. To address this challenge, the objectives of my master’s research were to develop a micro-stimulation system usable in mice and to develop and validate required techniques to make this system work in small-sized rodents. Through this study, we have developed a micro-stimulation system that is : 1) usable in mice, 2) able to sustain a long term chronic stimulation (up to 1 month), 3) similar to those used in human in terms of electrical parameters and 4) offering the possibility of adjusting those parameters to various pathological contexts. We also developed the required techniques for its use in mice. This novel tool will allow to deepen our knowledge on the mechanisms of action and cellular mechanisms underlying DBS effects and possibly lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of various pathologies. This system, composed of electrodes implanted in a target area in the brain and of a neurostimulator connected by a wire, allows the delivery of an electrical current in a specific area in the brain. To this day, mechanisms of action and cellular effects resulting from DBS remain poorly understood because of a lack of micro-stimulation tools available in the domain and by the fact that these tools do not properly address requirements of this research. To address this challenge, the objectives of my master’s research were to develop a micro-stimulation system usable in mice and to develop and validate required techniques to make this system work in small-sized rodents. Through this study, we have developed a micro-stimulation system that is : 1) usable in mice, 2) able to sustain a long term chronic stimulation (up to 1 month), 3) similar to those used in human in terms of electrical parameters and 4) offering the possibility of adjusting those parameters to various pathological contexts. We also developed the required techniques for its use in mice. This novel tool will allow to deepen our knowledge on the mechanisms of action and cellular mechanisms underlying DBS effects and possibly lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets.
8
DESPARNAT, MARC. "Evaluation du metabolisme anaerobie chez le judoka : comparaisons, tests de laboratoire, tests de terrain." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF11035.
9
Autret, Laurence. "Rôle de l'activité dépendante du calcium au cours du développement et de la maturation des neurones ganglionnaires vestibulaires de souris." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20126.
10
Pothion, Stéphanie. "Déficits comportementaux liés au stress chronique léger imprévisible chez différentes lignées de souris adultes et âgées." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4021.
Анотація:
Les facteurs environnementaux influencent l'apparition d'un épisode dépressif. Un modèle de dépression consiste à soumettre des souris à des stress chroniques légers et imprévisibles (SCLI), stress censés simuler les événements stressants de la vie de tous les jours. Nous avons montré que le SCLI provoque chez la souris des altérations physiques et comportementales : perte de poids, réduction de la consommation d'eau sucrée, déficits mnésiques, qui rappellent la symptomatologie dépressive de l'homme. Ces altérations ont été différentes selon l'âge des animaux ainsi que selon les lignées, suggérant une différence de sensibilité au stress selon l'âge et appuyant l'hypothèse de l'influence génétique dans la dépression. L'efficacité d'un antidépresseur dans la restauration des comportements normaux des animaux soumis au SCLI a aussi pu être montrée. La mise au point de ce modèle a donc permis l'exploration des troubles dépressifs, cognitifs et du vieillissement liés au stressEnvironmental factors influence the development of major depression. The unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model consists to expose mice to differents stressors that mimic stressful events of life. In our study, UCMS induced physical and behavioural alterations in mice : weight loss, sucrose consumption reduction, memory deficit, similar to the symptomatology of human depression. The alterations were different according to the age of animals and according to the strain of mice, suggesting a difference of sensitivity to stress according to the age and the genetic influence in depression. The efficacity of an antidepressant in the restauration of the normal behaviour has also been shown in mice exposed to UCMS. Therefore, the UCMS model allowed the investigation of stress effects on depressive state, cognitive deficits and aging
Книги з теми "Souris de laboratoire – Tests":
1
G, Eston Roger, and Reilly Thomas 1941-, eds. Kinanthropometry and exercise physiology laboratory manual: Tests, procedures and data. New York: E & FN Spon, 1996.
2
Michael, Potter, ed. The BALB/C mouse: Genetics and immunology. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985.
3
H, Howanitz Joan, and Howanitz Peter J, eds. Laboratory medicine: Test selection and interpretation. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1991.
4
1955-, Chow Shein-Chung, and Liu Jen-pei 1952-, eds. Design and analysis of animal studies in pharmaceutical development. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1998.
5
Tumours of the mouse. 2nd ed. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1994.
6
(Editor), V. S. Turusov, and U. Mohr (Editor), eds. Pathology of Tumours in Laboratory Animals: Volume II: Tumours of the Mouse (I a R C Scientific Publication). 2nd ed. IARC Scientific Publications, 1994.
7
Head, K. H. Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing: Effective Stress Tests. John Wiley & Sons, 1986.
8
The laboratory mouse. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004.
9
Bullock, Gillian R., Hans Hedrich, Peter Petrusz, and Barbara Von Beust. Laboratory Mouse. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2012.
10
American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. Laboratory Mouse Handbook. American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, 2006.
Частини книг з теми "Souris de laboratoire – Tests":
1
Schultz, Ryan, and Tim Walsh. "Evaluation of Microphone Density for Finite Element Source Inversion Simulation of a Laboratory Acoustic Test." In Rotating Machinery, Hybrid Test Methods, Vibro-Acoustics & Laser Vibrometry, Volume 8, 231–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30084-9_22.
2
Puripunyavanich, Vichai, Penjan Sutthanukul, Rakchai Kurubunjerdjit, and Prartana Kewsuwan. "Anthracnose resistance induction in chilli by electron beam irradiation." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 172–77. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0017.
Анотація:
Abstract Chilli seeds were irradiated with 0.3 kGy at 8 MeV from the electron beam source at the Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology. M1 seeds were planted in Sukhothai Horticultural Research Centre and from these the line CA1131 was selected as suitable for growing in this area. Thirty anthracnose-resistant M2 chilli plants were selected after the appearance of anthracnose disease, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, in Sukhothai province from an initial M1 mutant population of 123 individuals. However, chilli fruits from 17 plants showed resistance after laboratory inoculation experiments. These chilli plants were crossed with the 'Hoarue Huaisai', which has large fruit. The F2 progenies were selected for anthracnose resistance and large fruits. Two hybrids with anthracnose resistance (derived from the cross CA1131 × 'Hoarue Huaisai') were identified and used for field anthracnose resistance tests in 2015. Resistant plants with large fruits were discovered in the F3 inbred line no. 6-1-4 grown during the dry season, but this line did not show strong disease resistance in the rainy season. A further 63 F5 inbred lines showed anthracnose resistance in the field experiment. Five samples per line of each of the 63 inbred lines were inoculated in the laboratory at Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology. The fruits of inbred line no. 32-2-8 showed complete anthracnose resistance and seven lines were segregating as resistant. All eight of these lines are being used in the ongoing chilli project aimed at developing chilli varieties with broad resistance to anthracnose caused by three Colletotrichum species that are prevalent in Thailand.
3
Clark, Duncan, and Mark Wilks. "Molecular Diagnostics." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0018.
Анотація:
Molecular diagnostics in infection generally relate to the detection and/ or characterization of nucleic acid sequences of infectious agents in clinical samples which are used to provide: ● A laboratory diagnosis. ● A means of monitoring patients at risk of developing disease caused by a particular infection. ● A method to predict through genotypic analysis the susceptibility or resistance to appropriate treatments. ● A measurement of the response to therapy. A few key laboratory techniques underpin the majority of molecular diagnostic tests that are currently used in the field of infection, and include: ● Block-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ● Real-time PCR, including quantification. ● Strand displacement amplification. ● Transcription mediated amplification. ● DNA sequencing. These can be commercially sourced, which has the advantage of CE marking, or developed in-house, sometimes referred to as laboratory developed tests (LDTs). Whatever the source, the underlying principles are often the same and rigorous evaluation and validation is required for the adoption of any molecular test in the diagnostic laboratory. The majority of molecular diagnostic tests require the amplification of a specific DNA sequence and its subsequent detection by a variety of means. As such, small sequences of DNA from the infectious agent are amplified from a relatively low copy number in the clinical sample. For example, after thirty to forty cycles of PCR, a single copy of a sequence can theoretically be amplified to over a billion copies. This PCR product, commonly termed amplicon, can provide a template for any further testing with the same PCR test and therefore potentially act as a source for false positive results. Molecular diagnostic laboratories have requirements to keep the different stages of the molecular test separate and minimize the risk of amplicon contamination. Most facilities will have a ‘clean PCR laboratory’ that is used to store the clean reagents such as primers, probes, enzyme mastermixes, and no clinical samples, nucleic extracts, or amplification reactions are ever taken into this environment. Another laboratory is used for the nucleic acid extraction of the clinical samples and this environment is often used to set up the PCR reactions.
4
Abu Baker, Motaas, Fabienne Calderara, Jürgen Holm, and Murat Sariyar. "Pro-Active Detection of Potentially Wrong Diagnoses Due to Substantial Changes of Laboratory Measurements." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210856.
Анотація:
For guiding decisions on medical diagnoses and diagnoses, it is crucial to receive valid laboratory test results. However, such results can be implausible for the physician, even if the measurements are within the range of known reference values. There are technical sources of implausible results that are related to the laboratory environment, which are frequently not detected through usual measures for ensuring technical validity. Here, we describe the development of a quality assurance tool that tackles this problem and replaces the current manual statistical analyses at the Center for Laboratory Medicine in St Gallen (ZLM). Further analysis of the factors responsible for shifts in laboratory test results requires to collect and analyze data related to reagents as well as calibration or reference probes. Due to a lack of standard operating procedures in many laboratories with respect to these processes, this remains one of the big challenges.
5
Sung, Sumi, Hyeoun-Ae Park, Seul Ki Park, Hyesil Jung, Hannah Kang, and Min Sun Lee. "Mapping Korean National Health Insurance Claim Codes for Laboratory Test to SNOMED CT." In Caring is Sharing – Exploiting the Value in Data for Health and Innovation. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti230068.
Анотація:
The aim of this study was to map Korean national health insurance claims codes for laboratory tests to SNOMED CT. The mapping source codes were 4,111 claims codes for laboratory test and mapping target codes were the International Edition of SNOMED CT released on July 31, 2020. We used rule-based automated and manual mapping methods. The mapping results were validated by two experts. Out of 4,111 codes, 90.5% were mapped to the concepts of procedure hierarchy in SNOMED CT. Of them, 51.4% of the codes were exactly mapped to SNOMED CT concepts, and 34.8% of the codes were mapped to SNOMED CT concepts as one-to-one mapping.
6
Basarab, Marina. "Key Communicable Diseases of Public Health Significance and UK Legislation." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0023.
Анотація:
Timely reporting to public health authorities of certain infections which are transmissible between individuals and/or are likely to have been acquired from a contaminated source is essential to prompt immediate action to reduce further spread. In England, Health Protection Teams (HPTs) effect health protection actions at local level. They act as the ‘proper officer’ carrying out the function of receiving notifications in relation to the statutory regulations for both attending registered medical practitioners and diagnostic laboratories (see Section 14.6 and Section 14.7). Notification to public health authorities is a legal requirement. It is critical to the control and prevention of outbreaks of communicable diseases and is an integral part of wider local and national infection surveillance. Clinical recognition is the first step and public health authorities should be notified on clinical suspicion before obtaining laboratory test results to look for causative pathogens. As soon as a notification has been made, public health risk assessment and appropriate measures can be initiated. These may include preventing others being exposed to cases or a possible source of contamination, offering chemoprophylaxis, vaccination, education, and closing down of premises. The intervention will depend on the clinical syndrome, the confirmed or presumed infectious agent involved, and any further supporting or refuting diagnostic laboratory results. Time is of the essence; there should be no delay in notifications. Health protection legislation is set out in the Health Protection (Notification) Regulations 2010. It requires both registered medical practitioners (RMPs) and laboratories to notify cases of infection or contamination that could present a significant risk to human health, on the basis of clinical suspicion or laboratory confirmation. The medical doctor (and no other healthcare professional) attending the patient with possible or probable or confirmed infection is responsible for notification to the public health authorities.
7
Laughlin, Ruple S. "H Reflexes." In Clinical Neurophysiology, 519–28. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195385113.003.0030.
Анотація:
Technically, the H-reflex test is relatively simple to perform in a clinical neurophysiology laboratory. A thorough understanding of the physiologic basis, sources of error, and clinical applications and limitations enhances the usefulness of the H reflex.
8
Spiga, Radia, François-Elie Calvier, Anne Carricajo, Bruno Pozzetto, Béatrice Trombert-Paviot, and Cédric Bousquet. "Automated Coding in Case Mix Databases of Bacterial Infections Based on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Results." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220447.
Анотація:
Our objective was to improve the accuracy of bacteria and resistance coding in a hospital case mix database. Data sources consisted of 50,074 files on bacteriological susceptibility tests transmitted with the HPRIM protocol from laboratory management system to electronic health record of the University hospital of Saint Etienne in July 2017. An algorithm was implemented to detect susceptibility tests containing information corresponding to codes whose addition in the case mix database was susceptible to increase the severity level of a diagnosis related group. Among 132 hospital stays fulfilling the conditions, 27 were lacking bacteria and/or resistance codes, and the tariff was increased for 9 stays, with earnings of €54,612. Analyzing Antimicrobial susceptibility tests helps to improve clinical coding and optimize the financial gain.
9
Sedel, L. "Tests au laboratoire et prothèses totales de hanche : intérêts, limites et réflexions personnelles." In Conférences d'enseignement 2009, 147–56. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-2-84299-909-4.00008-0.
10
Markievicz, Irena, Daiva Vitkutė-Adžgauskienė, and Minija Tamošiūnaitė. "Ontology Learning in Practice." In E-Learning as a Socio-Cultural System, 158–71. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6154-7.ch009.
Анотація:
This chapter presents research results, showing the use of ontology learning for knowledge grounding in e-learning environments. The established knowledge representation model is organized around actions, as the main elements linking the acquired knowledge with knowledge-based real-world activities. A framework for action ontology building from domain-specific corpus texts is suggested, utilizing different Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, such as collocation extraction, frequency lists, word space model, etc. The suggested framework employs additional knowledge sources of WordNet and VerbNet with structured linguistic and semantic information. Results from experiments with crawled chemical laboratory corpus texts are presented.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Souris de laboratoire – Tests":
1
Pína, Ladislav, René Hudec, Adolf J. Inneman, Tomas Baca, M. Blazek, M. Platkevic, Ladislav Sieger, et al. "Development and tests of x-ray multifoil optical system for 1D imaging (Conference Presentation)." In Advances in Laboratory-based X-Ray Sources, Optics, and Applications V, edited by Ali M. Khounsary and Gert E. van Dorssen. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2243055.
2
Barannikov, Aleksandr, Sergey Shevyrtalov, Dmitrii Zverev, Anton Narikovich, Aleksandr Sinitsyn, Igor Panormov, Irina Snigireva, and Anatoly A. Snigirev. "Laboratory complex for the tests of the X-ray optics and coherence-related techniques." In EUV and X-ray Optics, Sources, and Instrumentation, edited by René Hudec, Ladislav Pina, Luc Patthey, Kai Tiedtke, Libor Juha, Thomas Tschentscher, Marco Zangrando, Saša Bajt, and Stéphane Guizard. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2582687.
3
Shergelashvili, Dito. "LYSO modules for the JEDI polarimeter: production, laboratory tests and results of first measurements." In XVII International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets & Polarimetry. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.324.0026.
4
Rodrigues, George. "Best Practices for Pipette Calibration Uncertainty Budgets and CMC Determination." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.50.
Анотація:
With unit sales in excess of one million pieces per year, pipettes are ubiquitous devices and found in a wide variety of laboratories. Applications vary from non-quantitative uses (such as mixing or decanting) to highly quantitative uses such as dispensing of standards and preparation of accurate serial dilutions. Because pipettes are used extensively in critical laboratory tests such as quality control assay of injectable drugs and DNA analysis which results in conviction or exoneration, proper calibration of pipettes is important and the consequences of poor calibrations can be severe. There is a definite upward trend in the number of pipette calibration laboratories and service organizations which have obtained accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025:2005. Each of these laboratories will have performed an uncertainty analysis and calculated their calibration measurement capability (CMC).In this paper, the available scopes of accreditation from forty different pipette calibration laboratories are compiled, compared and contrasted. The various formats were translated into a common basis and then plotted to show how CMCs vary with pipette volume and vary between laboratories. One of the most notable differences is the significant variation in the CMCs among laboratories, which can vary by factors of 100 or more. There appears to be little correlation between a published pipette CMC and other laboratory variables such as experience in the discipline, equipment, reference standards, environmental controls, and capabilities in related disciplines such as mass or volumetrics. To understand the reasons behind these differences in CMC, pipette uncertainty budgets from some leading laboratories were compared. Based on this evaluation, the authors conclude that laboratory practices for establishing pipette calibration CMCs are not well standardized, and the largest source of variation seems to be practice in how the repeatability contribution from the pipette unit under test (UUT) is evaluated and considered. ILAC policy P-14 [1] defines CMC and establishes general policy regarding inclusion of repeatability and reproducibility of the “best existing device”. In practice, there is currently no consensus on which sources of variation in the pipette calibration process should be included in the CMC evaluation, nor is there agreement on how to apply the concept of a best existing pipette. This paper attempts to begin filling this gap by providing recommendations for a best practice in evaluating and communicating the uncertainty of a pipette calibration and for evaluating the CMC of a pipette calibration laboratory. The important questions of reporting measurement uncertainty and the impact it has on evaluating inter-laboratory comparisons and determining compliance with tolerances are also discussed.
5
Papavinasam, Sankara, R. Winston Revie, Michael Attard, Alebachew Demoz, John C. Donini, and Kirk Michaelian. "Standardized Methodology for Inhibitor Evaluation and Qualification for Pipeline Applications." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-209.
Анотація:
Based on the literature database and information from pipeline companies, the methodologies used to select inhibitors were critically reviewed. Round robin tests were carried out in three laboratories to assess reproducibility of the wheel test. In total, twelve (12) laboratory methodologies were evaluated. Field monitoring was carried out in Alberta at three fields — oily gas, gassy oil and oil transmitting — to support the laboratory evaluation, and to define the conditions under which specific laboratory methodologies can be used with the confidence that the laboratory data will predict field performance. Based on a quantitative comparison of field and laboratory general corrosion rates, pitting rates, and percentage inhibition (calculated from general corrosion rates and pitting rates) under three (3) different field conditions using four (4) continuous and two (2) batch inhibitors, the rotating cage, was ranked as the top methodology. In addition, this methodology is inexpensive and relatively simple to carry out. The rotating cage is recommended as a methodology to be standardized for evaluating and qualifying inhibitors for sour service.
6
Joosse, P. A., M. J. Blanch, A. G. Dutton, D. A. Kouroussis, T. P. Philippidis, and P. S. Vionis. "Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Small Wind Turbine Blades." In ASME 2002 Wind Energy Symposium. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wind2002-63.
Анотація:
Wind turbine blade certification tests, comprising a static test, a fatigue test, and finally a residual strength test, often involve sudden audible cracking sounds from somewhere within the blade, without the operators being able to locate the noise source, or to determine whether damage (minor or major) has occurred. A current EC-funded research project is looking at the possibility of using acoustic emission (AE) monitoring during testing of fibre composite blades to detect such events and assess the blade condition. AE can both locate and characterise damage processes in blades, starting with non-audible signals occurring due to damage propagation at relatively low loads. The test methodology is discussed in the context of the blade certification procedure and results are presented from a series of static and fatigue blade tests to failure in the laboratory. Inferences are drawn about small differences in the manufacture of the nominally identical blades and conclusions are presented for the application of the methodology.
7
Bouquet, Thomas, Farid Bakir, Smai¨ne Kouidri, and Robert Rey. "Study of the 3D Flows in the Forward-Curved Blades Centrifugal Fans." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31102.
Анотація:
The study presented in this paper is part of the research work on forward-curved blades centrifugal fans carried out the last years by the « Laboratoire d’Energe´tique et de Me´canique des Fluides Interne » (Lemfi – Site Paris). The objective of this study is to better understand the internal flow in this type of machine in order to be able to correlate the aeraulic and acoustic behavior with the geometrical characteristics of the machine. Two impellers with different profiles were manufactured and tested. The aeraulic and acoustic tests were carried out on a test bench standardized ISO 5801. The 3D CFD of the flow was carried out with a commercial code based on the resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations in finite volumes. The analysis of these results confirms that a more organized flow field leads to a better acoustic performance.
8
Ruehl, Kelley, Carlos Michelen, Samuel Kanner, Michael Lawson, and Yi-Hsiang Yu. "Preliminary Verification and Validation of WEC-Sim, an Open-Source Wave Energy Converter Design Tool." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24312.
Анотація:
To promote and support the wave energy industry, a wave energy converter (WEC) design tool, WEC-Sim, is being developed by Sandia National Laboratories and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. In this paper, the WEC-Sim code is used to model a point absorber WEC designed by the U.S. Department of Energy’s reference model project. Preliminary verification was performed by comparing results of the WEC-Sim simulation through a code-to-code comparison, utilizing the commercial codes ANSYS-AQWA, WaveDyn, and OrcaFlex. A preliminary validation of the code was also performed by comparing WEC-Sim simulation results to experimental wave tank tests.
9
Zharkov, Maksim A., Petr A. Bachurin, Sergey A. Kharitonov, Dmitry V. Korobkov, Regina Yu Sarakhanova, and Vasiliy S. Simin. "Experiment results of laboratory tests of electrical starting system powered by a DC source." In 2016 17th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices (EDM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edm.2016.7538810.
10
Roclawski, Harald, Laura Sterle, and Martin Böhle. "Virtual Centrifugal Pump Test Rig for Laboratory Classes Based on IoT Technology." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-79397.
Анотація:
Abstract In the project IoT for Supervision and Control of Water Systems (IoT.H2O) the potential of the Internet of Things concept for operating pump systems is investigated. As a result of the project, a pump test rig which can be controlled by an open source IoT platform was developed. Because of COVID 19 students are currently not able to access the test rig in their laboratory class. In the paper, a virtual pump test rig is presented. The model of the test rig is based on the physical IoT pump test rig and consists of models for pump, control valve, piping system and electric motor. By modeling the electric motor, the operating behavior of the pump becomes much more realistic since effects of inertia can be included. The communication of the IoT platform with the model is based on the MQTT protocol and is identical to the real rig. The test rig can be operated with any web browser through a dashboard. On the dashboard, the operating frequency of the electric motor, the control valve position, the static head of the system and the tank pressure before the pump can be set with predefined control widgets which are already available in the IoT platform. Also, through buttons, measurements of speed, static pressure and torque are possible. The data can be downloaded after the measurements are taken. In different assignments, the students, can measure the head and efficiency curves and system curves and compare speed control and throttle control. Also, different types of pumps can be assessed easily by exchanging the pump curves in the model. A big advantage of the virtual lab tests is that the students can run the tests by themselves and obtain their own data. Before, the tests were only run in groups because of time constraints. Based on the laboratory class, they are able to assess the behavior of pumps in systems and to design pump systems efficiently. Also, they are introduced to the concept of IoT.
Звіти організацій з теми "Souris de laboratoire – Tests":
1
Kramer, Robert. LED Street Lighting Implementation Research, Support, and Testing. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317274.
Анотація:
This report describes the results of technical analysis, field tests, and laboratory tests that were performed for LED highway lighting options by the Energy Efficiency and Reliability Center (EERC) at Purdue University Northwest for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). This effort was conducted over the past 3 years to evaluate and test the technology and viability of using modern highway lighting technology to enhance energy efficiency, safety, security, and economic development of communities and roadways. During the testing period there was a continuous discussion between INDOT and EERC regarding the laboratory and field testing of INDOT approved luminaires submitted by vendors. There were multiple discussions with INDOT and vendors regarding the individual details and issues for the 29 luminaires that were tested. A comparison study was conducted by EERC of the various alternatives and comparison to currently installed luminaires. Data was collected for field tests of the luminaires by EERC and INDOT personnel for the luminaires. Field data was evaluated and compared to lighting models using vendor supplied ies data files. Multiple presentations were made at 3 separate Purdue Road Schools regarding the results and procedures of the testing program by EERC in conjunction with INDOT. A total of 22 final reports, considered confidential by INDOT, for individual vendor luminaires have been prepared as part of this effort. These reports were submitted sequentially to INDOT as testing was completed during the course of this effort. A total of 29 luminaires were tested. Some luminaire testing was terminated during testing due to design issues or vendor requests. All testing was summarized in the INDOT specification sheet attached to each report. Observations regarding the consistency of the supplied test luminaire with the requirements of Section 7.2 of the INDOT test procedure “Procedure for evaluation and approval list requirements for solid state ballasted luminaires ITM 957-17P” is provided in the Appendix to the report for each luminaire. Details regarding how these tests were performed and the respective associated evaluation of performance and reliability are provided in the report. This effort included: consideration of published and vendor information; appraisal of products consistent with national industry standards; review of physical design, thermal performance; laboratory testing of photopic performance, reliability, life cycle data and characteristics, and power characteristics; technical and probabilistic risk studies; and field testing and analysis of LED light sources including comparison to currently installed conventional light sources. Assistance in preparing INDOT standards for highway lighting was provided on multiple occasions.
2
Skye, Harrison, and Wei Wu. Laboratory tests of a prototype carbon dioxide ground-source air conditioner. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.2068.
3
Skye, Harrison, and Wei Wu. Laboratory Tests of a Prototype Carbon Dioxide Ground-Source Air Conditioner. National Institute of Standards and Technology, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.2068r1.
4
Baral, Aniruddha, Jeffery Roesler, and Junryu Fu. Early-age Properties of High-volume Fly Ash Concrete Mixes for Pavement: Volume 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-031.
Анотація:
High-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) is more cost-efficient, sustainable, and durable than conventional concrete. This report presents a state-of-the-art review of HVFAC properties and different fly ash characterization methods. The main challenges identified for HVFAC for pavements are its early-age properties such as air entrainment, setting time, and strength gain, which are the focus of this research. Five fly ash sources in Illinois have been repeatedly characterized through x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, and laser diffraction over time. The fly ash oxide compositions from the same source but different quarterly samples were overall consistent with most variations observed in SO3 and MgO content. The minerals present in various fly ash sources were similar over multiple quarters, with the mineral content varying. The types of carbon present in the fly ash were also characterized through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, loss on ignition, and foam index tests. A new computer vision–based digital foam index test was developed to automatically capture and quantify a video of the foam layer for better operator and laboratory reliability. The heat of hydration and setting times of HVFAC mixes for different cement and fly ash sources as well as chemical admixtures were investigated using an isothermal calorimeter. Class C HVFAC mixes had a higher sulfate imbalance than Class F mixes. The addition of chemical admixtures (both PCE- and lignosulfonate-based) delayed the hydration, with the delay higher for the PCE-based admixture. Both micro- and nano-limestone replacement were successful in accelerating the setting times, with nano-limestone being more effective than micro-limestone. A field test section constructed of HVFAC showed the feasibility and importance of using the noncontact ultrasound device to measure the final setting time as well as determine the saw-cutting time. Moreover, field implementation of the maturity method based on wireless thermal sensors demonstrated its viability for early opening strength, and only a few sensors with pavement depth are needed to estimate the field maturity.
5
Singhvi, Punit, Javier García Mainieri, Hasan Ozer, and Brajendra Sharma. Rheology-Chemical Based Procedure to Evaluate Additives/Modifiers Used in Asphalt Binders for Performance Enhancements: Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-020.
Анотація:
The increased use of softer binders in Illinois over the past decade is primarily attributed to the increased use of recycled materials in asphalt pavement construction. The shift in demand of using PG 58-28 over PG 64-22 has resulted in potential alternative methods to produce softer binders more economically using proprietary products. However, there are challenges in using these proprietary products for asphalt modification because of uncertainty in their long-term performance and significant variability in binder chemistry. The current SuperPave performance grading specification for asphalt binders is insufficient in differentiating binders produced from these modifiers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of various softener-type asphalt binder modifiers using a wide array of rheological and chemistry tests for their integration into the Illinois Department of Transportation’s material specifications. The small-strain rheological tests and their parameters allowed for consistent grouping of modified binders and can be used as surrogates to identify performing and nonperforming asphalt binders. A new parameter, Δ|G*|peak τ, was developed from the linear amplitude sweep test and showed potential to discriminate binders based on their large-strain behavior. Chemistry-based parameters were shown to track aging and formulation changes. The modifier sources were identified using fingerprint testing and were manifested in the modified binder chemical and compositional characteristics. The two sources of base binders blended with the modifiers governed the aging rate of the modified binders. Mixture performance testing using the Illinois Flexibility Index Test and the Hamburg Wheel-Track Test were consistent with the rheological and chemical findings, except for the glycol amine-based modified binder, which showed the worst cracking performance with the lowest flexibility index among the studied modifiers. This was contrary to its superior rheological performance, which may be attributed to lower thermal stability, resulting in high mass loss during mixing. According to the characterization of field-aged binders, laboratory aging of two pressurized aging vessel cycles or more may represent realistic field aging of 10 to 15 years at the pavement surface and is able to distinguish modified binders. Therefore, an extended aging method of two pressurized aging vessel cycles was recommended for modified binders. Two different testing suites were recommended for product approval protocol with preliminary thresholds for acceptable performance validated with field-aged data.
6
Zilberman, Mark. Methods to Test the “Dimming Effect” Produced by a Decrease in the Number of Photons Received from Receding Light Sources. Intellectual Archive, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2437.
Анотація:
The hypothetical “Dimming Effect” describes the change of the number of photons arriving from a moving light source per unit of time. In non-relativistic systems, the “Dimming effect” may occur due to the growing distance of light sources moving away from the receiver. This means that due to the growing distance, the photons continuously require more time to reach the receiver, which reduces the number of received photons per time unit compared to the number of emitted photons. Understandably, the proposed “Dimming effect” must be tested (confirmed or rejected) through observations. a. This article provides the formula for the calculation of “Dimming effect” values using the redshift parameter Z widely used in astronomy. b. The “Dimming effect” can possibly be detected utilizing the orbital movement of the Earth around the Sun. In accordance to the “Dimming effect”, observers on Earth will view 1.0001 more photons per time unit emitted by stars located near the ecliptic plane in the direction of the Earth orbiting the Sun. And, in contrast, observers will view only 0.9999 photons per time unit emitted by stars located near the ecliptic plane in the direction opposite to the Earth orbiting the Sun. Calculating precise measurements of the same stars within a 6-month period can possibly detect this difference. These changes in brightness are not only for specific stars, as the change in brightness takes place for all stars near the ecliptic in the direction of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun and in the opposite direction. c. The “Dimming effect” can possibly be detected in a physics laboratory using a moving light source (or mirror) and photon counters located in the direction of travel and in the opposite direction. d. In theory, Dilation of time can also be used for testing the existence of the “Dimming effect.” However, in experiments on Earth this effect appears in only the 14th digit after the decimal point and testing does not appear to be feasible. e. Why is it important to test the “Dimming effect?” If confirmed, it would allow astronomers to adjust values of "Standard Candles" used in astronomy. Since “Standard Candles” are critical in various cosmological models, the “Dimming effect” can correct models and/or reveal and support new models. If it is proved that the “Dimming effect” does not exist, it will mean that the number of photons arriving per unit of time does not depend on the speed of the light source and observer, which is not so apparent.
7
Kiv, Arnold E., Vladyslav V. Bilous, Dmytro M. Bodnenko, Dmytro V. Horbatovskyi, Oksana S. Lytvyn, and Volodymyr V. Proshkin. The development and use of mobile app AR Physics in physics teaching at the university. [б. в.], July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4629.
Анотація:
This paper outlines the importance of using Augmented Reality (AR) in physics education at the university as a valuable tool for visualization and increasing the attention and motivation of students to study, solving educational problems related to future professional activities, improving the interaction of teachers and students. Provided an analysis of the types of AR technology and software for developing AR apps. The sequences of actions for developing the mobile application AR Physics in the study of topics: “Direct electronic current”, “Fundamentals of the theory of electronic circuits”. The software tools for mobile application development (Android Studio, SDK, NDK, Google Sceneform, 3Ds MAX, Core Animation, Asset Media Recorder, Ashampoo Music Studio, Google Translate Plugin) are described. The bank of 3D models of elements of electrical circuits (sources of current, consumers, measuring devices, conductors) is created. Because of the students’ and teachers’ surveys, the advantages and disadvantages of using AR in the teaching process are discussed. Mann-Whitney U-test proved the effectiveness of the use of AR for laboratory works in physics by students majoring in “Mathematics”, “Computer Science”, and “Cybersecurity”.
8
Warrick, Arthur W., Gideon Oron, Mary M. Poulton, Rony Wallach, and Alex Furman. Multi-Dimensional Infiltration and Distribution of Water of Different Qualities and Solutes Related Through Artificial Neural Networks. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7695865.bard.
Анотація:
The project exploits the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to describe infiltration, water, and solute distribution in the soil during irrigation. It provides a method of simulating water and solute movement in the subsurface which, in principle, is different and has some advantages over the more common approach of numerical modeling of flow and transport equations. The five objectives were (i) Numerically develop a database for the prediction of water and solute distribution for irrigation; (ii) Develop predictive models using ANN; (iii) Develop an experimental (laboratory) database of water distribution with time; within a transparent flow cell by high resolution CCD video camera; (iv) Conduct field studies to provide basic data for developing and testing the ANN; and (v) Investigate the inclusion of water quality [salinity and organic matter (OM)] in an ANN model used for predicting infiltration and subsurface water distribution. A major accomplishment was the successful use of Moment Analysis (MA) to characterize “plumes of water” applied by various types of irrigation (including drip and gravity sources). The general idea is to describe the subsurface water patterns statistically in terms of only a few (often 3) parameters which can then be predicted by the ANN. It was shown that ellipses (in two dimensions) or ellipsoids (in three dimensions) can be depicted about the center of the plume. Any fraction of water added can be related to a ‘‘probability’’ curve relating the size of the ellipse (or ellipsoid) that contains that amount of water. The initial test of an ANN to predict the moments (and hence the water plume) was with numerically generated data for infiltration from surface and subsurface drip line and point sources in three contrasting soils. The underlying dataset consisted of 1,684,500 vectors (5 soils×5 discharge rates×3 initial conditions×1,123 nodes×20 print times) where each vector had eleven elements consisting of initial water content, hydraulic properties of the soil, flow rate, time and space coordinates. The output is an estimate of subsurface water distribution for essentially any soil property, initial condition or flow rate from a drip source. Following the formal development of the ANN, we have prepared a “user-friendly” version in a spreadsheet environment (in “Excel”). The input data are selected from appropriate values and the output is instantaneous resulting in a picture of the resulting water plume. The MA has also proven valuable, on its own merit, in the description of the flow in soil under laboratory conditions for both wettable and repellant soils. This includes non-Darcian flow examples and redistribution and well as infiltration. Field experiments were conducted in different agricultural fields and various water qualities in Israel. The obtained results will be the basis for the further ANN models development. Regions of high repellence were identified primarily under the canopy of various orchard crops, including citrus and persimmons. Also, increasing OM in the applied water lead to greater repellency. Major scientific implications are that the ANN offers an alternative to conventional flow and transport modeling and that MA is a powerful technique for describing the subsurface water distributions for normal (wettable) and repellant soil. Implications of the field measurements point to the special role of OM in affecting wettability, both from the irrigation water and from soil accumulation below canopies. Implications for agriculture are that a modified approach for drip system design should be adopted for open area crops and orchards, and taking into account the OM components both in the soil and in the applied waters.
9
McKinnon, Mark, Craig Weinschenk, and Daniel Madrzykowski. Modeling Gas Burner Fires in Ranch and Colonial Style Structures. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/mwje4818.
Анотація:
The test scenarios ranged from fires in the structures with no exterior ventilation to room fires with flow paths that connected the fires with remote intake and exhaust vents. In the ranch, two replicate fires were conducted for each room of origin and each ventilation condition. Rooms of fire origin included the living room, bedroom, and kitchen. In the colonial, the focus was on varying the flow paths to examine the change in fire behavior and the resulting damage. No replicates were conducted in the colonial. After each fire scene was documented, the interior finish and furnishings were replaced in affected areas of the structure. Instrumentation was installed to measure gas temperature, gas pressure, and gas movement within the structures. In addition, oxygen sensors were installed to determine when a sufficient level of oxygen was available for flaming combustion. Standard video and firefighting IR cameras were also installed inside of the structures to capture information about the fire dynamics of the experiments. Video cameras were also positioned outside of the structures to monitor the flow of smoke, flames, and air at the exterior vents. Each of the fires were started from a small flaming source. The fires were allowed to develop until they self-extinguished due to a lack of oxygen or until the fire had transitioned through flashover. The times that fires burned post-flashover varied based on the damage occurring within the structure. The goal was have patterns remaining on the ceiling, walls, and floors post-test. In total, thirteen experiments were conducted in the ranch structure and eight experiments were conducted in the colonial structure. All experiments were conducted at UL's Large Fire Laboratory in Northbrook, IL. Increasing the ventilation available to the fire, in both the ranch and the colonial, resulted in additional burn time, additional fire growth, and a larger area of fire damage within the structures. These changes are consistent with fire dynamics based assessments and were repeatable. Fire patterns within the room of origin led to the area of origin when the ventilation of the structure was considered. Fire patterns generated pre-flashover, persisted post-flashover if the ventilation points were remote from the area of origin.
10
Mazzoni, Silvia, Nicholas Gregor, Linda Al Atik, Yousef Bozorgnia, David Welch, and Gregory Deierlein. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and Selecting and Scaling of Ground-Motion Records (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zjdn7385.
Анотація:
This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 3 (WG3), Task 3.1: Selecting and Scaling Ground-motion records. The objective of Task 3.1 is to provide suites of ground motions to be used by other working groups (WGs), especially Working Group 5: Analytical Modeling (WG5) for Simulation Studies. The ground motions used in the numerical simulations are intended to represent seismic hazard at the building site. The seismic hazard is dependent on the location of the site relative to seismic sources, the characteristics of the seismic sources in the region and the local soil conditions at the site. To achieve a proper representation of hazard across the State of California, ten sites were selected, and a site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) was performed at each of these sites for both a soft soil (Vs30 = 270 m/sec) and a stiff soil (Vs30=760 m/sec). The PSHA used the UCERF3 seismic source model, which represents the latest seismic source model adopted by the USGS [2013] and NGA-West2 ground-motion models. The PSHA was carried out for structural periods ranging from 0.01 to 10 sec. At each site and soil class, the results from the PSHA—hazard curves, hazard deaggregation, and uniform-hazard spectra (UHS)—were extracted for a series of ten return periods, prescribed by WG5 and WG6, ranging from 15.5–2500 years. For each case (site, soil class, and return period), the UHS was used as the target spectrum for selection and modification of a suite of ground motions. Additionally, another set of target spectra based on “Conditional Spectra” (CS), which are more realistic than UHS, was developed [Baker and Lee 2018]. The Conditional Spectra are defined by the median (Conditional Mean Spectrum) and a period-dependent variance. A suite of at least 40 record pairs (horizontal) were selected and modified for each return period and target-spectrum type. Thus, for each ground-motion suite, 40 or more record pairs were selected using the deaggregation of the hazard, resulting in more than 200 record pairs per target-spectrum type at each site. The suites contained more than 40 records in case some were rejected by the modelers due to secondary characteristics; however, none were rejected, and the complete set was used. For the case of UHS as the target spectrum, the selected motions were modified (scaled) such that the average of the median spectrum (RotD50) [Boore 2010] of the ground-motion pairs follow the target spectrum closely within the period range of interest to the analysts. In communications with WG5 researchers, for ground-motion (time histories, or time series) selection and modification, a period range between 0.01–2.0 sec was selected for this specific application for the project. The duration metrics and pulse characteristics of the records were also used in the final selection of ground motions. The damping ratio for the PSHA and ground-motion target spectra was set to 5%, which is standard practice in engineering applications. For the cases where the CS was used as the target spectrum, the ground-motion suites were selected and scaled using a modified version of the conditional spectrum ground-motion selection tool (CS-GMS tool) developed by Baker and Lee [2018]. This tool selects and scales a suite of ground motions to meet both the median and the user-defined variability. This variability is defined by the relationship developed by Baker and Jayaram [2008]. The computation of CS requires a structural period for the conditional model. In collaboration with WG5 researchers, a conditioning period of 0.25 sec was selected as a representative of the fundamental mode of vibration of the buildings of interest in this study. Working Group 5 carried out a sensitivity analysis of using other conditioning periods, and the results and discussion of selection of conditioning period are reported in Section 4 of the WG5 PEER report entitled Technical Background Report for Structural Analysis and Performance Assessment. The WG3.1 report presents a summary of the selected sites, the seismic-source characterization model, and the ground-motion characterization model used in the PSHA, followed by selection and modification of suites of ground motions. The Record Sequence Number (RSN) and the associated scale factors are tabulated in the Appendices of this report, and the actual time-series files can be downloaded from the PEER Ground-motion database Portal (https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/)(link is external).