Дисертації з теми "Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS)"
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Zgalat-Lozynskyy, O., M. Herrmann, and A. Ragulya. "Spark Plasma and Rate Controlled Sintering of High-Melting Point Nanocomposites." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35077.
Повний текст джерелаGuyon, Julien. "Évolution des microstructures et mécanismes de densification d'un alliage TiAl lors du frittage par Spark Plasma Sintering." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0244/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work focuses on the microstructure evolution of a TiAl alloy during sintering by a process called Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). The initial powders, elaborated by atomization, consist primarily of a metastable phase. The transformations of the return to equilibrium of the latter during heating are finely characterized using SEM, TEM and EBSD. These phase transformations are then used as a thermal indicator during the SPS densification to estimate the thermal and mechanical gradients. The densification mechanisms responsible for the neck formation and the origins of the microstructure heterogeneities of fully densified samples are discussed. A comparison between the densification mechanisms and the final microstructures of a milled powder and a no milled powder is showed. Finally, the effect of the application of a dynamic stress during the compaction using an original process is presented
Lallemant, Lucile. "Obtention d’alumines α dopées polycristallines transparentes par Spark Plasma Sintering". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0082/document.
Повний текст джерелаObtaining transparent polycrystalline ceramics became an important technological challenge over the last decade. Their high mechanical (hardness, wear resistance) and physico-chemical (corrosion resistance) properties combined with a high transparency and a reasonable price could lead them to replace glasses or monocrystals as sapphire in optical applications. The main parameters to control in order to obtain highly transparent polycrystalline alpha-alumina (PCA) are the porosity size and amount as for the other transparent materials. However, as PCA is a birefringent material, the grain size also needs to be controlled. That’s why PCA should possess after sintering grains as small as possible (bigger than 0.5 µm) and a porosity closed to 0.00% with nanometric pores. This particular microstructure is usually obtained in ~ 15 hours by combining natural sintering in air with a post Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) treatment. In our study, the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique was used as it enables to obtain fully dense ceramics in shorter times while limiting the grain growth. First, a protocol to obtain a pure transparent PCA was established. It consists on preparing green bodies with a controlled particle’s packing before sintering. Mainly, the particle’s packing has to be macroscopically homogeneous and without agglomerates. Moreover, the pore size distribution should be the narrowest. The SPS sintering cycle was also optimised to obtain the highest optical transmission. Then, a doping protocol with grain growth inhibitors was optimised. The nature of the doping salt has a secondary effect on optical properties compared to a thermal treatment applied before sintering. Depending on the doping agent nature and/or amount, the densification temperature changes. The SPS sintering cycle has thus to be adapted. The doping agent amount has to be optimised to obtain a fine microstructure after sintering without second phase particles. Different doping agents have been compared (magnesium Mg, lanthanum La and zirconium Zr). The sample having the highest optical properties was doped with 200 cat ppm of lanthanum. Finally, an optimisation of the powder’s morphology (finer and more spherical) was performed. Moreover, the lanthanum doped alpha-alumina slurry’s preparation was optimized using centrifugation. All these processes have enabled us to obtain one of the most transparent PCA sample ever reported in the literature. It possesses an optical transmission of 68% and a grain size around 300 nm. Its mechanical properties (hardness, wear resistance) are higher than the ones of a sapphire monocrystal
Carneiro, Marcelo Bertolete. "Fabricação de ferramentas de corte em gradação funcional por Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-14122014-155118/.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim was fabricating cutting tools from functionally graded materials (FGM) by spark plasma sintering method (SPS), which allow heating and cooling rates higher than traditional methods, lower temperature and shorter time sintering, better energy control and high reproducibility. The materials used were ceramic powders based on alumina (Al2O3-ZrO2 and Al2O3-TiC) and cemented carbide (WC-Co), so that two inserts were developed, one of white ceramic (Al2O3-ZrO2) graded with cemented carbide and the other of mixed ceramic (Al2O3- TiC) graded with cemented carbide. The experimental methodology was developed from thermo-mechanical model application to estimate thermal residual stress along with tool thickness, study into the influence of SPS sintering parameters (Temperature and Pressure) over sintered quality (physical properties characterization, density), on the basis of these data, the best operating condition was chosen to fabricate workpieces for mechanical tests of flexural strength, hardness and fracture toughness, besides FGM inserts to machining tests in grey cast iron using turning operation. The results showed the machine parameter that mostly influenced density was Temperature; the AlTiC and AlZr FGMs got an increase of 126 and 73% in flexural strength in relation to their homogeneous ceramics. Following the materials sequence, the hardness was evaluated at 13.8 and 15.8 GPa, whereas the fracture toughness was 4.91 and 5.04 MPa.m1/2. For the machining tests, FGM AlZr cutting tools showed lower wear than FGM AlTiC ones; the cutting forces were influenced by Feed Rate and Cutting Speed. Finally, the Feed Rate was the variable that mostly influenced the roughness results.
Lallemant, Lucile. "Obtention d'alumines α dopées polycristallines transparentes par Spark Plasma Sintering". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808873.
Повний текст джерелаMoleková, Kristína. "Zpracování práškových materiálů na bázi Mg metodou SPS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401923.
Повний текст джерелаMadec, Clémentine. "Elaboration de matériaux à gradient de fonction céramique / métal par SPS pour la protection balistique." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS057/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective is to improve ballistic performance of armors. A perfect armor combines ductility to resistto the impact and high hardness to stop projectile’s fragments. However, such an association of properties is inconsistent witha single material. The solution is to perform a functionally graded material (FGM) with a ductile metal at the back side of thesample and a hard ceramic on the top side. Non-conventional technologies like Spark Plasma Sintering allow joining orsintering all types of materials with different and additional properties. Furthermore, with this technique, high heating ratescan be achieved, limiting grain growth and resulting in a fine microstructure. The goal is to study joining conditions or cosinteringof such materials (in this case, Al2O3 and Ti), as well as the resulting microstructure on the ballistic efficiency.The first part of the study focused on the characterization of alumina and titanium. Five powders of alumina werestudied from a sintering point of view. Three of which were selected because of their interesting microstructures, close indensities and grain sizes. These ceramics have been characterized mechanically (hardness, toughness and strength) andballistically. One of them is adopted to realize FGM. Titanium, sintered with the same conditions, unfortunately, doesn’t haveexpected properties (absence of ductility).The second part of the work showed that the preparation of FGM without cracks from Al2O3 and Ti only ischallenging, with an interlayer with one or more layers. The strong affinity of Ti with oxygen (formation of oxides orinsertion) with C (forming carbides) and its reactivity with alumina (forming intermetallics) make the FGM brittle and enablethe release of residual stresses during the process. By adding a low amount of nickel (more ductile and less reactive withoxygen and titanium) in composites, FGMs almost without cracks were obtained. The latter were evaluated ballistically
Van, der Laan Antoine. "Etude du procédé de frittage par Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) de formes complexes : de la modélisation à la fabrication." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30302.
Повний текст джерелаSpark plasma sintering is a powder densification method which allows, through the application of a pulsed current and uniaxial pressure, to sinter a wide range of materials (ceramics, metals, alloys, refractory materials, etc.). Compared to other conventional processes, SPS allows to reduce production time while maintaining a fine microstructure that can enhanced the mechanical properties. Thanks to these benefits, the SPS process can be used for the production of complex shapes. A milestone has been reached in 2015 with the patented technique called “Mobilint”, which is based on a mobile interface located between the part to be sintered and a sacrificial porous material. With this technique, a large variety of complex geometry can be produced by SPS. For the industrialization of the process, a better understanding and knowledge of the mechanisms involved is needed. This will allow to have a better control of the process in order to answer industrial demands. Numerical modeling appears to be an efficient tool to address these new challenges. A fully coupled model of the SPS is composed of an electrothermal model to which are added the mechanical considerations such as creep and sintering aspects. A new, simple, and fast numerical method of identifying contact resistances, which are key parameters, has been developed. It allows to obtain an accurate electrothermal simulation of several materials based on only one experimental trial. The model can then be applied to complex configurations without further calibration experiments. The mechanical aspects of sintering could then be added to the model thanks to the development of a new numerical method of identifying the creep parameters of a material again from only one densification trial. An original multi-mechanisms approach of the sintering of a TiAl powder was also developed to better describe its densification. Those improvements allowed the obtention of an accurate fully coupled electrothermal and mechanical model of the spark plasma sintering of several materials. The model developed was then used to a better understanding of the different mechanisms involved in the sintering of complex shapes. This allowed to optimize sintering conditions by anticipating several features like temperature and density gradients or geometrical deformations. With these conditions, fully dense complex parts with controlled dimensions and microstructure were produced
Motsi, Glenda Tsholofelo. "Spark plasma sintering de composites base titane renforcés par des carbures pour applications en tribocorrosion." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30309.
Повний текст джерелаThe poor wear resistance of titanium and its alloys limit their application in which the combined effect of wear and corrosion may be encountered. In this regard, addition of ceramic phases in the form of whiskers (TiB) or particles (TiB2 and TiC) in titanium based matrix to form advanced titanium matrix composites (TMCs), can aid reduce material loss and prolong the service life. In this study TiB2, TiB and TiC based titanium composites were produced by reactive Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) and B4C powders of varying particles sizes. It was realized that at 800°C set-point temperature the reaction had initiated due to the benefits of pulsed current in the SPS. SEM/FIB/TEM analysis on the material sintered at 800°C showed a continuous grey phase, constituted of clusters of partially reacted B4C particles segregated at Ti matrix grain boundaries. While at 1100°C, the reactants completely reacted and transformed into clusters of various compounds high in B and C (Ti-B and Ti-C). Microstructure homogenization was achieved at dwell times of 0-30 min to remove the formed clusters. Corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviour of CP-Ti and TMCs was investigated in solutions 3.5% molar of NaCl. The results showed that increasing amount of the reinforcing phases to 5wt% reduced the corrosion and tribocorrosion susceptibility of the TMCs sintered at 1100°C, as the open circuit potential values were positively shifted for Ti5wt%B4C. Severe surface damage with deep grooves in CP-Ti was observed in worn tracks indicating adhesive wear. No pulling out of TiB and TiC reinforcing phases was observed for Ti5wt%B4C, due to the strong interfacial bond strength with the Ti matrix
Trapp, Johannes. "Mikroskopische Aspekte beim feldaktivierten Sintern metallischer Systeme." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-224118.
Повний текст джерелаHérisson, de Beauvoir Thomas. "Cristallochimie prospective : relaxeurs, ferroïques et SPS basse température." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0678.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work focuses on the prospection and understanding study of ferroic materials. It consists in a multiple aspect approach, including materials chemistry, materials physics and materials processing. Two parts compose this work, with two different approaches. The first one focuses on the links between composition, structure and properties in materials belonging to the TTB family, more specifically derived from Ba2NdFeNb4O15, through the exploration of Li containing solid solutions, and the impact of synthesis parameters on measured dielectric anomalies on dense samples. The observation of structural modulation in these materials seems to be closely related to the observation of dielectric anomalies variations. Using electron diffraction techniques allowed the evidence of such anomalies and the following of their thermal evolution. In a second part, the approach consists in using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) as a densification technique for so called “fragile” materials but also explore dielectric properties impossible to experimentally measure thus far. Developing low temperature SPS technique not only allows to densify ceramics at low temperatures fragile materials, but also to obtain inaccessible phases in similar temperature conditions using conventional thermal treatments. Moreover, sintering of molecular ceramic at very high density was possible, even if its decomposition temperature is extremely low (100 ˚C)
Poczklán, Ladislav. "Modifikace kvazikrystalických kompaktů SPS pomocí technologie elektronového paprsku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377885.
Повний текст джерелаAyadi, Firas. "Approche couplée de synthèse par chimie douce et SPS de manganites sustitués pour la réfrigération magnétique." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077211.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aimed at developing new economic synthesis and sintering methods of manganites and to study the influence of these methods on the structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the compounds. The main objective was to obtain low cost nano-materials presenting a significant magnetocaloric effect. Our study focused on the La0,7Ca0,3_ „BaxMn03 and La0,7Sr0,3,Ag,Mn03 solid solutions. A systematic study was undertaken on the first family which was prepared by various methods:solid-solid, reactive SPS, soft chemistry (sol-gel or polyol) coupled with traditional sintering or SPS. The use of SPS allows obtaining nano-structured ceramics contrary to traditional furnace. The compounds prepared by coupling soft chemistry and SPS present low Curie temperatures values and weak magnetization at saturation, resulting in a maximum entropy change lower than that observed in the samples elaborated by a ceramic way. However, the low maximum entropy change is compensated by an enlargement of the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition. As a consequence, the highest relative cooling power (RCP) was obtained with the polyol and SPS coupled method for the La0. 7Ca0. 1Ba0,2Mn03 compound. This RCP value around room temperature corresponds to 74% of that of pure gadolinium, making this sample, obtained by an economically advantageous method, a serious candidate for domestic magnetic refrigeration
Liu, Jing. "Nano and Grain-Orientated Ferroelectric Ceramics Produced by SPS." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Stockholm university, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6800.
Повний текст джерелаHu, Zhihao. "Studies on Sintering Silicon Carbide-Nanostructured Ferritic Alloy Composites for Nuclear Applications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81763.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Kus, Ugras. "Etude de la contribution de la technique spark plasma sintering à l'optimisation des propriétés mécaniques de l'alliage de titane TA6V." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30131/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe cost prices of the titanium alloys limit their applications to strong added value fields. The decrease of the pieces shaping costs while mastering microstructures and mechanical properties is an important issue. Shaping processes from powder metallurgy as Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) can allow to reach these goals. The first moments of the sintering were studied according to the initial compactness of the granular body. When the latter is low, the area of necks between granules, highlighted by microtomography, are bigger. These observations can be explained by the fact that current densities at contact points are higher when the contact areas are lower. Furthermore, the very close final densities in spite of the different initial compactness let think that the mechanisms in action during sintering are different. An electro-thermal and mechanical modelling by finished element allowed to describe in a very realistic way the densification of the TA6V. The densification law of the material was configured by means of creep tests programmes performed dine the SPS chamber as well as of compaction tests of the granular body. Ways of improvement of the model were also proposed. In the last part of the word, a panel of microstructures obtained by SPS of TA6V as well as a scale transfer from the small cylindrical samples towards more massive and complex shapes was studied. Furthermore, the tensile properties of near-net-shape specimens were characterised. Domains (temperature and pressure) of dense, homogeneous and repeatable microstructures obtaining were identified. The scale transfer reveals that the SPS repeatability is both validated in terms of microstructures and mechanical properties of the densified specimens. Furthermore, tensile properties are at the same level as the forged materials, in particular an elongation at break of about 13%
Löbel, Martin, Thomas Lindner, Robert Pippig, and Thomas Lampke. "High-Temperature Wear Behaviour of Spark Plasma Sintered AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 High-Entropy Alloy." MDPI, 2019. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34386.
Повний текст джерелаByl, Céline. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanocomposites à base de ZnO pour des applications thermoélectriques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112045/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is focusing on the synthesis of nanocomposites of Al doped ZnO/SiO2 with high density in order to increase the thermoelectric properties of ZnO. This work describes the optimization of the synthesis by investigating the effect of different experimental parameters (temperature, type of surfactant, degree of hydrolysis, nature of the solvent, pH) to obtain large amount of nanoparticles with size below 10 nm and good crystallinity. We have identified that using benzoic acid as surfactant could avoid the formation of particle aggregates. The modification of nanoparticles surfaces with SiO2 was investigated by using two methods the Stöber process and ALD. The possibility of ZnO and nanocomposite powder densification by spark plasma sintering was also tackled as well as the role played by the main parameters of the method (applied pressure and the best moment of its application, heating rate). The influence of the amorphous shell on the limiting grain growth during the sintering was demonstrated. Furthermore, a carbon accumulation which modifies the thermoelectric properties in the densified pellet was demonstrated. The source of it was assigned in part to the densification process. The most significant result of this study was the finding of the presence of ZnO clusters strongly doped wich could have fundamental implications as it may reopen the discussion on the transport mechanism in ZnO
Perel, Thomas. "Protection des circuits électriques des avions plus composites et plus électriques : propriétés électriques des varistances élaborées par "Spark Plasma Sintering"." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2480/.
Повний текст джерелаSince several years, manufacturers are interested in composite materials for the fabrication of their aircrafts as well as the electrification on deported equipments related to the concept of "more electric" aircraft. The performance criteria of these technological changes are significant (weight gains, volume, operating cost, efficiency. . . ), but are sources of new problems especially in case of lightning strike. The protection of the equipments after a lightning strike on the aircraft structure must be performed by a system or a component having a highly non-linear current voltage characteristic and able to absorb high energy density. Thanks to their properties, Zinc oxide based varistors seems to be good candidates. Flash Sintering technique or "Spark Plasma Sintering" is a particularly interesting production technique. Indeed, this sintering technique is known to increase the kinetics of densification of materials. Thus, a better control of their microstructure suggests maximized electrical performances for a maximum compactness. The objectives of this work are to study the influence of the sintering method on the electrical properties of the material and to show the advantages and disadvantages compared to a conventional sintering method. For this, an electrothermal model based on the barrier height variation is proposed. On the other hand, different encapsulation ways are tested and some recommendations are proposed concerning theirs choice. Finally, as the decrease of the component grain inevitably leads to a decrease on the maximum permissible energy density, we show the limits of the electrical characteristics obtained on samples sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering
Boidot, Mathieu. "Élaboration de revêtements γ-γ' et de systèmes barrière thermique par Spark Plasma Sintering : tenue au cyclage thermique et propriétés d’usage". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11972/1/boidot.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSelezneff, Serge. "Etude et développement de revêtements γ-γ' riches en platine élaborés par Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Application au système barrière thermique". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0100/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo protect turbines blades from excessive oxidation and to lower the temperature at the blade surface, a multilayer coating system has been developed in the past, i.e. the thermal barrier coating. The fabrication of TBC is expensive and demands numerous process steps. In this study, bond coatings have been fabricated by spark plasma sintering in a single step. This fast fabrication process permits to test a large range of bond coating compositions with different reactive elements such as Zr, Y and Hf on AM1 nickel base superalloy. From the first results, the data related to the diffusion during the SPS were calculated to predict the coating phases. Impurities levels were measured after SPS fabrication. Sulphur and carbon concentration were very low. These results highlight the great quality of coating made by spark plasma sintering, more particularly with a top coat also made by SPS. Then, a composition of γ-γ’ coating has been optimized for high life span during thermal cycling. The thermal cycling at 1100°C of TBC system with this optimized γ-γ’ bond coatings give better life span than the conventional system with β-(Ni,Pt)Al phase bond coating. After long thermal cycling, >1000*1h cycles, chemical elements from the substrate can diffuse in the thermally grown oxide, leading to its delamination. Thus, for increasing the life span of the whole system the bond coating has to be considered during the superalloy development
Perron, Christophe. "Définition et mise en oeuvre d'un matériau composite à matrice métallique pour les packagings d'électronique embarquée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0646/document.
Повний текст джерелаEmbedded electronic packagings are currently made of aluminum. A first study – basedupon a material selection method completed by numerical analysis – showed that a metal matrixcomposite made of aluminum and highly thermal conductive continuous carbon fibers represents ahigh potential upon weight savings for those equipments. Though, coupling these componentsrepresents numerous challenges due to their incompatibility such as a really low wetting of carbonliquidaluminum system and its unavoidable chemical reactivity that leads to the formation ofaluminum carbides that are harmful for the final material. Two manufacturing routes were considered: A liquid route using a wetting agent (fluorinated salts) led the metal to rise alongcarbon fibers by capillarity. A solid route based upon a novel technique of aluminum foils and carbon fibersstacking using the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) process.This second technique revealed to be very promising and allowed to obtain multilayer samples with noporosities, highly limited fiber damages and controlled composite architecture. Our study shows thataluminum carbides formation is limited. Moreover, a deeper comprehension of SPS process or thedeposit of fiber coatings would prevent this carbide formation. Attempts of mechanical and thermalcharacterization led upon such samples give a first overview of the efficiency of the aluminumreinforcement by carbon fibers
Rétot, Hélène. "Elaboration de céramiques transparentes d'oxydes mixtes dopés par des ions lanthanides et caractérisation de leurs propriétés de scintillation." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066217.
Повний текст джерелаNascimento, William Junior do. "Sinterização de cerâmicas multiferróicas nanoestruturadas de Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 e Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3 via Spark Plasma Sintering SPS." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4960.
Повний текст джерелаFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos
Considering the search for miniaturization of electronic devices, the development of new methods and techniques for the production and characterization of nanostructured materials is fundamental, beyond understanding of the effect of grain size on the properties of materials in nanoscale. Therefore, it was proposed in this work the obtaining of nanostructured multiferroic materials, in bulk, with high density and microstructural control, with grains ranging from micrometer to nanometer scale. To achieve this goal, was developed a methodology for obtaining the powder of lead iron niobate, Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 (PFN) and lead iron tungstate, Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3 (PFW), with average particle size around 150 nm, contamination-free, minimal agglomeration and with highly reproductive results using the micro-milling technique. Regarding consolidation materials, conventional sintering requires higher temperatures and long holding times for a satisfactory densification, resulting in a grain growth higher than the desired. Through the fast sintering technique, only high heating rates are not sufficient to ensure a satisfactory densification and also inhibit the growth of grains. The obtain nanostructured dense samples with average grain size of approximately 200 nm was only possible using spark plasma sintering technique (SPS), which allows sintering at temperatures corresponding to the intermediate sintering stage, inhibiting the grain growth. PFN and PFW samples obtained through the SPS technique showed high conductivity at room temperature due the extreme reduction suffers in the system plus the use of high current densities during sintering, being necessary the samples oxidation. Through the dielectric characterization, the decrease in grain size of micrometer to nanometer scale results in lower permittivity values in phase transition temperature, besides a peak broadening. Moreover, the SPS technique added to the oxidation process makes it possible to obtain PFW samples with high dielectric values (in order of 104) at room temperature, a motivation results with regard to the application.
Considerando a busca pela miniaturização dos dispositivos eletrônicos é fundamental o desenvolvimento de novos métodos e técnicas para a produção e caracterização de materiais nanoestruturados, além do entendimento do efeito do tamanho de grão sobre as propriedades dos materiais em escala nanométrica. Dessa forma, propôs-se neste trabalho a obtenção de materiais multiferróicos nanoestruturados, na forma de bulk com alta densidade e controle microestrutural, com grãos variando de escala micrométrica a nanométrica. Para alcançar este objetivo, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para a obtenção de pós de niobato de ferro e chumbo, Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 (PFN) e tungstanato de ferro e chumbo, Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3 (PFW), com tamanhos médios de partículas em torno de 150 nm, livre de contaminação, mínima aglomeração e com resultados altamente reprodutivos por meio da técnica de micromoagem. Em relação à consolidação dos materiais, o procedimento convencional requer altas temperaturas e longos tempos de patamar para uma densificação satisfatória, resultando em um crescimento de grão superior ao desejado. Por meio da técnica de sinterização rápida fast sintering , somente altas taxas de aquecimento não são suficientes para garantir uma densificação satisfatória bem como inibir o crescimento de grãos. A obtenção de amostras densas nanoestruturadas com tamanhos médio de grão de aproximadamente 200 nm só foi possível utilizando a técnica spark plasma sintering (SPS), que permite a sinterização a temperaturas correspondentes ao estágio intermediário de sinterização, inibindo o crescimento de grãos. As amostras de PFN e PFW obtidas por meio da técnica de SPS apresentaram alta condutividade à temperatura ambiente devido às condições extremas de redução que a amostra sofre somada ao uso de altas densidades de corrente durante a sinterização, sendo necessária a oxidação das mesmas. Através da caracterização dielétrica, verifica-se que a diminuição nos tamanhos de grãos de escala micrométrica para nanométrica resulta em menores valores de permissividade na temperatura de transição de fase, além de um alargamento dos picos. Contudo, a técnica de sinterização SPS somada ao processo de oxidação torna possível a obtenção de amostras de PFW com altos valores de constate dielétrica (na ordem de 104), a temperatura ambiente, resultado extremamente motivador no que diz respeito à aplicação.
Löbel, Martin, Thomas Lindner, and Thomas Lampke. "Enhanced Wear Behaviour of Spark Plasma Sintered AlCoCrFeNiTi High-Entropy Alloy Composites." MDPI AG, 2018. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32461.
Повний текст джерелаLagny, Maxime. "Transparent Er : YAG ceramics with doping gradient processed by SPS and reactive sintering." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019VALE0009.
Повний текст джерелаThe realization of transparent Er:YAG ceramics for laser application requires a perfect transparency that implies a high quality of the used powder and a perfect control of the manufacturing processes. However, the quality of the starting powder is sometimes insufficient and its characteristics are not suitable in terms of stoichiometry, impurities or particle morphology. In this case, a pre-treatment of the powder and the use of sintering aids are necessary to obtain transparency. In order to prepare transparent ceramics, the first part of this work consisted in correcting the main defects of two experimental YAG powders. In the first powder, a high level of sulfur was measured and the objective was to eliminate this impurity by chemical and thermal treatments, while keeping the structural characteristics and particle size of the starting powder. In the second powder, the measured stoichiometry showed an yttrium deficiency of 5.3 mol% and the purpose was to correct the Y/Al ratio by addition of yttria. In a second part, in order to overcome the problems of non-reproducibility of the quality of YAG commercial powders, the possibility of obtaining YAG transparent ceramics by reactive sintering from alumina and yttria powders was investigated. The last part of this study concerned the development of transparent ceramics with doping gradients by three approaches having in common the use of SPS sintering. The first involved the assembly of fully dense ceramics; the second, pre-sintered ceramics and finally, the last approach a stack of powder layers. The measurement of Erbium ion diffusion through the interface made it possible to compare these different approaches
Yakhshi, Tafti Mohsen. "Nanostructured Bulk Thermoelectrics : Scalable Fabrication Routes, Processing and Evaluation." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186124.
Повний текст джерелаDagens fossilbränslebaserade energikällor har en enorm brist gällande effektivitet. Effektiviteten av fossilbränslebaserade teknologiers omvandling är mindre än 40 % i bästa fall. Därför tills förnybar energi är mogen nog att hantera alla energibehov, måste man forska och utveckla teknik för att skörda energi från spillvärme i fossilbränslebaserade försörjningskällor. En av dessa nya tekniker är tillämpning av termoelektriska (TE) material för att uppnå målet. Nämnde material är Soldi-State materialer som kan transformera mellan värme och elektrisk energi. Under det senaste decenniet har det pågått en stor vetenskaplig och ekonomisk investering inom området för att förbättra termoelektriska materials egenskaper. Dessutom ville man ta fram tid/energieffektiva TE material och komponenter för en mer hållbar miljö. I denna avhandling utvecklades och producerades termoelektriska material såsom järn antimonid (FeSb2), skutterudit (baserat på allmänna formeln RzMxCo1-xSb3-YNY) och koppar selenid (Cu2Se) med hjälp av kemiska syntesmetoder. Genom att Använda kemiska syntesmetoder som kemisk samutfällning, salt smältning i marginella lösningsmedel och termolys, kan material med hög grad av reproducerbarhet och ställbar för industriella processer tillverkas. Termoelektrisk omvandling effektivitet hos uppnådde material är betydligt högre än resultat av andra studier. I och med detta kan man säga att materialet kan användas inom industri. Slutligen, genom en grundlig undersökning optimerades packningsparametrar som genererades för packning av varje materialgrupp med hjälp av Spark Plasma Sintring teknik (SPS). Eftersom ingen relevant studie finns för varje grupp av termoelektriska nanomaterial som undersökts i denna avhandling, studerades och genererades dessa specifika parametrar. Syftet med studien är att fokusera på bevarande av nanostrukturerade egenskaperna hos pulvret och att samtidigt nå en hög packningstäthet för att ha positiva effekter på materialens termoelektriska omvandlingseffektivitet.
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Dutel, Guy Daniel. "Comportement mécanique et mécanismes de déformation et d'endommagement de polycristaux de nickel mono- et bi-modaux élaborés par SPS." Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA132027.
Повний текст джерелаUltra-fine grained materials present a high mechanical resistance, but a very weak ductility. The Powder Metallurgy is then used to conceive innovative microstructures and optimize their properties. In this work, nickel samples were developed by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and/or by Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) from blends of nano- and micrometer-sized powders. The obtained microstructures are dense and mono- or bi-modal. The volume fractions of ultrafine grains (UFG<1μm) and micrometric grains (MC>1μm) were controlled. Having stabilized the average sizes of UFG grains and MC grains, it was shown that the mechanical properties in compression and in-situ tensile tests (synchrotron) depend essentially on the UFG/MC fraction. So, the elastic limit grows with the UFG fraction. On the contrary, the ductility increases with the MC fraction. The mechanical properties were improved by varying the UFG/MC fraction. The synchrotron analyses revealed a late élasto-plastic transition for bimodal samples. It was shown in agreement with the literature, that the deformation and damage mechanisms were generally: decrease of the density of twins and Σ3 boundaries (interaction with the partial dislocations), cracking in the UFG matrix (stopped by the MC grains), interfacial decohesion which we attributed to the deformation incompatibilities between UFG matrix UFG and MC grains. Besides, the high stresses at the head of the cracks were at the origin of the mechanical twining in some UFG grains
Ybarra, Luis Antonio Ccopa. "Desenvolvimento de compósito de carbeto de tungstênio (WC) com matriz de intermetálico de alumineto de ferro (Fe3Al) pelo processo SPS "spark plasma sintering"." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2016.
Знайти повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências e Materiais Avançados, 2016.
O cobalto tem restrições quanto à instabilidade de preço e potencial carcinogênico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a viabilidade técnica de preparação de compósitos de carbeto de tungstênio (WC) com matriz de intermetálico Fe3Al, em substituição ao ligante cobalto, processados por moagem de pós elementares e consolidação pela técnica de spark plasma sintering (SPS). Também se investigou o efeito da adição de boro no desenvolvimento microestrutural e propriedades mecânicas do compósito WC-Fe3Al. Pós de WC, Fe, Al e Fe-B, com composições WC-10% Fe3Al e WC-10% (Fe3Al-3% B), % em massa, foram moídos em moinho vibratório por tempos de 10 min a 50 h. As misturas de pós foram sinterizadas em um forno SPS utilizando matriz de grafita, com taxa de aquecimento média de 86 ºC/min, a 1150 ºC por 8 min, com pressão de 30 MPa. Foram empregadas técnicas de análise granulométrica, análises térmicas, determinação de densidade, difração de raios X, microscopia óptica convencional e a laser, microscopia eletrônica de varredura acoplada com espectrometria por dispersão de energia, dureza Vickers, tenacidade à fratura pelo método da indentação e ensaio de flexão em três pontos. A moagem causou a diminuição do tamanho das partículas, mas não resultou na formação direta do intermetálico por mechanical alloying mesmo após 50 h de moagem. O aumento no tempo de moagem foi benéfico na melhoria da homogeneidade de dispersão dos grãos de WC na matriz intermetálica. A sinterização por SPS foi eficiente tanto na densificação do compósito, resultando em densidades relativas superiores a 95%, como na formação do intermetálico Fe3Al, considerando a baixa temperatura e curto tempo de consolidação empregados. Também foi formada a fase Fe3AlC0,5 nos compósitos. Os compósitos apresentaram elevadas propriedades mecânicas com valores de até 14,1 GPa de dureza, 25,9 MPa.m½ de tenacidade à fratura, KIc, e 1764 MPa de resistência à flexão. Os resultados de propriedades mecânicas foram correlacionados com as características das matérias-primas, processamento e microestrutura. Os resultados indicaram que os compósitos WC-Fe3Al desenvolvidos têm potencial de substituir, ao menos em parte, os metais duros WC-Co.
Cobalt has restrictions on price instability and potential carcinogenicity. The objective of this study was to verify the technical feasibility of preparation of tungsten carbide (WC) composites with intermetallic Fe3Al matrix, replacing the cobalt binder, processed by milling of elemental powders and consolidating by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The effects of boron addition on the microstructure development and mechanical properties of WC-Fe3Al composite were also investigated. Powders of WC, Fe, Al and Fe-B, with compositions of WC-10% Fe3Al and WC-10% (Fe3Al-3% B), in mass%, were milled in a vibration mill for times of 10 min to 50 h. The powder mixtures were sintered in a SPS furnace using graphite die, with average heating rate of 86 ºC/min, at 1150 ºC for 8 min, with pressure of 30 MPa. Particle size analysis, thermal analyzes, determination of density, X-ray diffraction, conventional light and laser microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, Vickers hardness, fracture toughness by indentation method, and three-point flexural test were employed. Milling caused the reduction of particle size, but did not result in the direct formation of intermetallic by mechanical alloying, even after 50 h of milling. The increase in milling time was beneficial in improving the dispersion homogeneity of WC grains in the intermetallic matrix. The sintering by SPS was efficient in the composite densification, resulting in densities higher than 95%, as well in the formation of the intermetallic Fe3Al, considering the low-temperature and short-time used for consolidation. The phase Fe3AlC0.5 was also formed in the composite. The composites presented high mechanical properties with values up to 14.1 GPa in hardness, 25.9 MPa.m½ in fracture toughness, KIc, and 1764 MPa in flexural strength. The results of mechanical properties were correlated to the characteristics of the raw materials, processing and microstructure. The results indicated that the developed WC-Fe3Al composites have potential to replace, at least in part, the WC-Co hardmetals.
Jolly, William. "Particules d'acier nitrurées : étude de la densification et caractérisations microstructurales des matériaux frittés à vocation tribologique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2261/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this Ph.D thesis was to develop a technology to shape nitrided low-alloyed steels powders to introduce the ε-Fe2-3N nitride in the volume of the mechanical component.To achieve this goal, two approaches were considered:- the sintering of coated nitrided steel powder or nitrided steel powder (containing a high content of ε nitride),- the simultaneous densification and nitriding of low-alloy steel powder during the sintering step.Nitriding 4140 steel powder during hot isostatic pressing (HIP) does not allow producing sufficient ε-phase content for industrial application.The stability study of nitrided 4140 steel powder during HIP shows that a huge proportion of nitrides (γ' and ε) is conserved at 650°C, regardless of the HIP cycle. The stability study, at 600°C, of nitrided steel powders placed in sealed evacuated glass tubes, shows a slight denitriding of these powders during the process.Thus, densification of these nitrided steel powders was made by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and HIP. To densify the nitrided steel particles, we have used a copper-phosphorous binder. From SPS experiments, we have deduced the most relevant experimental parameters to obtain a dense material containing ε-phase, and we have proposed recommendations on the composition of nitrided steel-binder mixture. The identified compositions were successfully sintered by HIP. Two of them allow obtaining dense materials with interesting tribological and mechanical properties for industrial application
Le, Gall Claire. "Contribution à l'étude du relâchement des produits de fission hors de combustibles nucléaires en situation d'accident grave : effet de la pO2 sur la spéciation du Cs, Mo et Ba." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY053/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the nuclear community, it is a top priority to gain in-depth understanding of fission product (FP) speciation mechanisms occurring in nuclear fuel in order to precisely estimate the source term of a severe accident. Among the FP produced, some are highly reactive and may have a strong radiological impact if released into the environment. This is particularly the case of cesium (Cs), molybdenum (Mo) and barium (Ba). In this context, the objective of this study is to provide experimental data on the effect of the oxygen potential on Cs, Mo and Ba speciation in nuclear fuels at different stages of a severe accident.A thermodynamic approach was coupled with the experimental work to support the interpretation of experimental data. Two types of samples were studied in detail: irradiated MOX fuels and simulated high burn-up UO2 fuels produced through sintering at high temperature (SIMFuel). The samples were submitted to thermal treatments in conditions representative of a pressurised water reactor (PWR) severe accident. This approach made it possible to cover a temperature range from 400°C up to 2530°C and oxygen potentials from -470 kJ.mol(O2)-1 to -100 kJ.mol(O2)-1. The samples were characterized before and after each test using complementary techniques like OM, SEM, EPMA and SIMS in the case of irradiated fuels. XANES measurements using synchrotron radiation facilities were performed on SIMFuels and provided valuable results on FP speciation. Moreover, spark plasma sintering (SPS) was successfully investigated for the production of SIMFuel samples containing Cs, Mo and Ba in a chemical state representative of PWR fuel in normal operating conditions.This work highlighted the effect of oxidizing severe accident conditions on the fuel and FP behavior. Oxidation of Mo initially contained in the fuel’s metallic inclusions into MoO2 was observed to take place around 1000°C in oxidizing conditions. An interaction between MoO2 and the oxide phase containing Ba took place in the same conditions, leading to the formation of BaMoO4. The oxygen potential also plays an important role in fuel-cladding interactions, enhancing the diffusion of species in oxidizing conditions and lowering the temperature at which fuel melting occurs
Coulon, Antoine. "Incorporation d'iode dans des phosphates de calcium de structure apatitique." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0028/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to avoid the release of 129I (long-lived intermediate-level waste) in the environment, we describe a novel material incorporating iodate in a calcium phosphate based hydroxyapatite. This material is prepared by two synthetic processes: a wet precipitation route followed by a spark plasma sintering and a cementitious route. A high iodine content (with a maximum incorporation rate of 10 wt.%) is reached for both processes, by incorporation of the iodate in the apatitic structure. A monolith with relative density of 88.6% was obtained after shaping of the precipitated powders by spark plasma sintering. This material reveals satisfactory leaching properties, with an initial leaching rate in pure water at 50 °C of 10-2 g.m-2.j-1, and a residual leaching rate at 50 °C of 10-5 g.m-2.j-1 in underground water of potential geological repositories. All in all, this material is a potential candidate for the conditioning of radioactive iodine
Kubanska, Agnieszka. "Toward the development of high energy lithium-ion solid state batteries." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4775.
Повний текст джерелаAll-solid batteries with inorganic solid electrolytes are attractive candidates in electrochemical energy storage since they offer high safety, reliability and energy density. Aiming to increase the surface capacity strong efforts have been made to increase the thickness of the electrode. However, the thicker electrode, the more stress is generated at the solid/solid interfaces because of the volume change of the active material during lithium insertion/desinsertion upon cycling, which leads to formation of micro-cracks between the components and finally a bad cycling life. The possible answer to this issue is to build in place of a dense phase pure electrode, a composite electrode which is a multifunctional material. This composite electrode should contain a lot of electrochemically active material, the reservoir of energy; together with electronic and ionic conductor additives, to ensure efficient and homogeneous transfer of electrons and ions in the electrode volume.The main scope of this thesis was to develop all-solid-state batteries prepared by SPS method for applications at elevated temperatures. These batteries consist of a two composite electrodes separated by the NASICON-type solid electrolyte Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3. The main objective was to find relationships, for given materials, between the initial powder granulometry (grain size, size distribution, agglomeration), the microstructure of ceramics obtained by SPS sintering, and the electrochemical performances of the final batteries. By creating electrodes with novel materials and better composition, the trade-off of power density and energy density can be minimized
Guyot, Pierre. "Frittage SPS de matériaux céramiques et métalliques : étude des phénomènes électromagnétiques associés et comparaison avec le frittage sous charge par modélisation analytique." Limoges, 2013. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/32041aa0-2662-4bfc-8652-4f8907ec9c27/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4061.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTwo approaches were applied to verify the existence of specific phenomena in Spark Plasma Sintering. The first one involves the isothermal study of densification kinetics of a sub-micrometric alpha alumina powder of high purity. The validity domain of Bernard-Granger's model was studied for load and temperatures ranging between 20 and 50 MPa and between 900 and 1050̊ C, respectively. The comparison of the experimental results with the model revealed a drastic variability of the stress exponent, which means an abnormal evolution of mechanisms controlling the densification. A new model has therefore been developed which takes into account the radial and tangential components of the stress. The mechanisms determinated for HP and SPS have been compared. It has been shown that the main mechanism involved the fragmentation of alumina grains, accompanied by intergranular sliding in both cases. However, the higher heating rate in the case of SPS could suppress the superficial diffusion phenomena. The second approach deals with the study of the electromagnetic effects which could be involved during the first stages of the SPing of metals. A specific device was built in the laboratory to simulate the effects of an electromagnetic wave on the insulating/conductive state of a green sample. The influence of the shape of the current wave on the evolution of the green sample conductivity was studied. This work shows that the native oxide layer of the grain surfaces is damaged by the dielectric breakdown caused by the electromagnetic wave (Branly effect)
Pleskalová, Kateřina. "Struktura a mechanické vlastnosti materiálů na bázi hořčíku připravených metodou SPS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442747.
Повний текст джерелаGubán, Ivan. "Slitiny s vysokou entropií připravené SPS kompaktací vysokoenergeticky mletých práškových prekurzorů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377882.
Повний текст джерелаLaadoua, Hatim. "Impact de l'utilisation de polycarbosilane dans l'élaboration de composites ZrC/SiC par frittage SPS." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0098.
Повний текст джерелаThis work focused on studying the impact of the addition of a polycarbosilane as SiC source in the production of ZrC / SiC composites by SPS sintering. The main challenge of this study lies in producing dense composites with a fine and homogeneous distribution of the SiC phase within the ZrC matrix. For this, two systems ZrC/polymer and ZrC functionalized/polymer were prepared using a so-called "hybrid" route. In both cases, the microstructural (SEM, TEM) and chemical (XPS) characterizations showed similarities with the presence of ZrC particles coated homogeneously by the polymer. The densification of the two systems was undertaken by SPS sintering. This step of the process required the implementation of a specific conversion/sintering heat treatment which, after optimization, made it possible to obtain dense composites (ρrelative > 96%) at relatively low temperatures (1700 ° C). The impact of using a polycarbosilane was highlighted through a comparative study with a composite prepared from a mixture of ZrC and SiC powders. To complete this work, a high resolution study of grain boundaries by TEM showed disparities depending on the functionalization or not of the surface of ZrC powders
Voisin, Thomas. "Exploration de la voie SPS pour la fabrication d'aubes de turbine pour l'aéronautique : développement d'un alliage TiAI performant et densification de préformes." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2409/.
Повний текст джерелаWith the aim of reducing fuel consumption, noise, and greenhouse gas emissions, titanium aluminides (TiAl) are of great interests to be used in the turbine blades of low pressure stage of airplane engines. TiAl alloys offer a high strength at both room and working temperatures combined with an exceptional resistance to oxidation. After thirty years of development, TiAl turbine blades were implemented in the new generations of engine by several motorists as GENERAL ELECTRIC or SNECMA-SAFRAN. However, these alloys still suffer from a low ductility at room temperature, a limited creep resistance and a difficult and expensive manufacturing process. It is within this context that the SPS process has been investigated as a new way to produce near-net shape turbine blades. This has required working on the mastering of the process, on the development of an efficient TiAl alloy fulfilling the industrial requirements and on the fabrication of near-net shape blades. Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is a powder metallurgy technique where the densification occurs thanks to the simultaneous application of a pulsed direct current and of a uniaxial pressure. Firstly, after a study of the effect of boron incorporation in sintered TiAl alloys, two TiAl alloys processed by SPS have been investigated. SEM observations, tensile and creep tests and plasticity studies by conventional TEM as well as by in-situ straining experiments have been performed to optimize the microstructure in order to obtain the best mechanical properties. Finally, a TiAl alloy exhibiting outstanding mechanical properties at both room and high temperatures has been obtained, exceeding the industrial specifications and opening the route to higher temperature applications. This alloy, with a chemical composition Ti-Al48-W2-B0. 08, has been patented. Secondly, investigations have focused on the processing of near-net shape blades by SPS. In order to understand the densification mechanisms and to optimize the method and tools, several pieces with an incremental shape complexity have been densified until getting a small-scale near-net shape blade. Then, an up-scaling using a bigger SPS apparatus has led to the production of two kinds of near-net shape blades. These results have also led to a patenting
Vasiliev, Petr. "Functionalization and processing of porous powders into hierarchically porous monoliths." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för fysikalisk kemi, oorganisk kemi och strukturkemi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-27496.
Повний текст джерелаQuéméré, Samuel. "Membrane à haute densité d'énergie et durée de vie optimisée pour des systèmes de stockage électrochimique de l'énergie." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S103.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis has consisted in the manufacturing of activated carbon electrodes sintered by SPS for Electric Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLCs). The influence of sintering parameters (temperature, pressure, isothermal dwell duration, heating and cooling rates) on structural and microstructural properties of sintered activated carbon pellets has been evaluated by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, specific area and microporous volume measurements and determination of mechanical properties. The electrochemical performances of sintered activated carbon pellets selected for their good properties in terms of microporous volume, mechanical resistance in the electrolyte and high density were determined by galvanostatic and impedance spectrometry measurements. A 31% increase of the volumetric capacity was obtained for a supercapacitor composed of 200 μm thick electrodes of pure activated carbon sintered at 1100°C – 50 MPa, relative to a supercapacitor composed of industrial electrodes from Blue Solutions company. However, its serial resistance is twice larger than that of an industrial of identical volume. Promising results of multi-pellet sintering, possessing close microstructural properties, indicate a possible way of industrialization of SPS process for the manufacturing of sintered activated carbon electrodes for supercapacitors
Radingoana, Precious Manti. "Densification et caractérisation microstructurale de céramiques à base de ZnO obtenues par frittage SPS pour application thermoélectrique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30298.
Повний текст джерелаThe thermoelectric application of ZnO is limited because of its high thermal conductivity. The present study focuses on the synthesis and spark plasma sintering of zinc oxide composites to get interesting thermoelectric properties. Pure and Al (2at %) doped ZnO powder were synthesized using co-precipitation followed by calcination. Further, the synthesized Al-doped ZnO powder was mixed with polyaniline (PANI) powder at concentrations of 0.75, 5 and 9 wt% PANI. The powders were sintered using Dr Sinter 2080 unit at various parameters: temperature (250-900°C), pressure (100-250 MPa), sintering atmosphere (air and vacuum), point of pressure application, holding time and current isolation. Densification and the microstructure properties of pure ZnO ceramics using spark plasma sintering (SPS) were successfully studied. It was illustrated that SPS can sinter to high densities irrespective of starting powder. Ceramics prepared from both synthetic and commercial ZnO powder could be fully densified above 99% at a temperature as low as 600°C. The sintering atmospheres (air and vacuum) and electric current (with or without) did not affect the densification. However, grain size difference of 7.8 µm was observed when sintering with or without current. A guide for controlling the densification and the grain size of ZnO ceramics obtained by spark plasma sintering of dried powders was developed. Annealing at 600°C does not have significant effect on the microstructure of ZnO ceramics, however, changes the oxygen stoichiometry, the resistivity of the pure ZnO ceramics increased by two orders of magnitude. As-sintered ceramics prepared from synthetic powder gave the best performance as compared to annealed ceramics with a ZT of 8x10-3 at 500°C because of low electrical resistivity and high Seebeck Coefficient. The high thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of pure ZnO ceramic were improved by doping with 2 at% Al, the grain size reduced from 177 to 75 nm. Maximum relative density of 98.9% was achieved at a temperature of 650°C and a pressure of 250 MPa. The grain size of the sintered ceramics reduced from 5.4 µm to <1 µm. Secondary phases, ZnAl2O4 and Al2O3, are formed because of excess Al when the axial pressure was applied at room temperature and temperatures above 650°C. Al-doped ZnO ceramics slightly reduced the resistivity which caused a decrease in the absolute Seebeck Coefficient as a result of increased carrier concentration. [...]
Collet, Romaric. "Mécanismes de consolidation et de densification de poudres de cuivre lors d'un frittage SPS." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS049/document.
Повний текст джерелаSpark plasma sintering is a manufacturing process that leads to dense materials with fine microstructures. SPS combines heating and uniaxial load as well as the Hot Pressing (HP) process but the material is heated using a pulsed current. The phenomena occurring during SPS are not fully understood and are still an open point: -Which densification and consolidation mechanisms are involved during SPS? -Why is sintering by SPS more efficient than sintering by traditional ways such as HP? –Does electrical current modify the sintering mechanisms? The aim of this work is to answer these questions in the case of spherical copper powder (from 10 to 50 µm). Comparisons between SPS and HP were performed using the same process conditions. The densification rate was studied macroscopically and microscopically. The evolution of the necks between particles was followed by cross sections and fractography. The densification is realized by plastic deformation due to the applied load and the temperature increase. No difference between SPS and HP was observed although sintering conditions favorable to the occurrence of specific phenomena were applied: oxide layer coating the particles, current forced through the sample, high intensity using a pulsed current. In the studied conditions, no specific effect was observed due to the current presence
Arnaud, Claire. "Fils conducteurs nanostructurés (cuivre et composites nanotube de carbone - cuivre) pour application en champs magnétiques intenses." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30216/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to produce high magnetic fields (100 T), the conducting wires used in pulsed coils must show both a high tensile strength and very low electrical resistivity. The LNCMI and NNC team of CIRIMAT explore creative solutions based on the development of nanostructured copper wires and carbon nanotube - copper (CNT-Cu) nanocomposite wires by the original combination of spark plasma sintering (SPS) and room-temperature wire-drawing (WD). Copper cylinders were prepared by SPS of micrometric commercial powders. Crystal growth is very low and the copper grains size is 10 times lower than for conventional wire precursors. The cylinders were wire-drawn, without breaking, into wires of decreasing diameter (down to 0.198 mm) and several meters long. The ultrafine Cu grains are highly elongated in the WD direction. No twinning was observed. Our copper wires show an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) at 293K and 77K higher than those for wires prepared from conventional OFHC copper, which could result from the combination of strain hardening and Orowan mechanisms. The electrical resistivity is about 12% higher than those for the OFHC wires. For the CNT-Cu nanocomposites, an adaptation of preparation route (functionalization of double-walled and eight-walled CNTs, mixing, freeze-drying, H2 reduction) resulted in the production of 14 g powder batches with a homogeneous dispersion of the CNTs. Due to the very low carbon content (= 1%), the preparation of the cylinders and wires by the methods used for pure copper is possible without modification. The UTS of the CNT-Cu wirers is 10-25% higher than for the corresponding copper wires. The CNTs have little influence on the Cu microstructure and their probable alignment allows one to benefit from their high tensile strength. The electrical resistivity is only moderately higher than for the corresponding copper wires (about 12% at 77K). The last chapter was devoted to the preparation of "dog-bone" Cu and CNT-Cu test samples by "near-net-shape" SPS. We have brought to the fore the influence of the nature of the die (graphite or WC-Co) on the microstructure, microhardness and tensile strength, for the same sintering cycle
Rollin-Martinet, Sabrina. "Développement de nouvelles biocéramiques par consolidation à basse température d'apatites nanocristallines biomimétiques." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00768461.
Повний текст джерелаReinfried, Nikolaus. "Modifizierung der Werkstoffe auf Basis von Magnesiumsilicid mit Hilfe der Spark-Plasma-Synthese." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=983915865.
Повний текст джерелаReinfried, Nikolaus. "Modifizierung der Werkstoffe auf Basis von Magnesiumsilicid mit Hilfe der Spark-Plasma-Synthese." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24816.
Повний текст джерелаExtensive investigation on selected Mg2Si based materials demonstrate new routes for the application of the SPS technique in respect to basic as well as applied research and provide decisive new material on the characterisation of the Li compounds Li2xMg2-xX (X = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb). Based on prior activities and the results shown in this work new ways of the synthesis using the SPS process (in combination with powder making and processing and suitable tool design) as well as the optimization of material properties of composite materials can be achieved using the SPS technique. The Ternary Phases Mg2Si1−xXx (X = Ge, Sn, Pb) and Mg2−x/2Si1−xSbx For the first the powder metallurgic manufacturing route of the phases Mg2Si1-xXx (X = Ge, Sn und Pb) and the phase Mg2‑x/2Si1-xSbx is shown using the SPS technique and a ball milled powder mixture (MgH2, Si, X). The Ternary Phases Li2xMg2−xX (X = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) The intercalation of Li into Mg2Si is investigated for the first time by using the SPS solid state reaction based on LiH, MgH2 and Si. The synthesis of the Li poor phase Li2xMg2−xSi could be obtained at temperatures of max. 700 °C. The melting technique made of the elements of these extremely air and moisture sensitive samples could be performed under Argon protective atmosphere followed by a heat treatment at 200 °C. Three different cubic phases of Li2xMg2−xSi can be found on the Mg2Si rich side of the ternary System with the composition in the range of 0 < x < 0,8. With increasing Li content two structural conversions can be found using the x-ray analysis. A change from the space group Fm-3m for Mg2Si via P-43m to P-43m with a superstructure of a′ = 2a could be detected. Linked with the increasing Li content is a change of the properties. The change from the semiconducting behaviour to a metallic characteristic could be shown for the first time. Analogous to Li2xMg2−xSi the phase Li2xMg2−xX (X = Ge, Sn, Pb) could be synthesised and analysed. An intercalation of Li in to Mg2X ist not possible. Composite Materials Based on Mg2Si The brittle behaviour of Mg2Si samples can be reduced by composite material with Mg using the powder metallurgical route. The SPS-Technique Using MgH2 the distribution of the current, the density and the temperature in the sample and tool could be judged.
Ullbrand, Jennifer. "A comparison of SPS and HP sintered, electroless copper plated carbon nanofibre composites for heat sink applications." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-21106.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study is to synthesize a material with high thermal conductivity and a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), useful as a heat sink. Carbon nanofibres (CNF) are first coated with copper by an electroless plating technique and then sintered to a solid sample by either spark plasma sintering (SPS) or hot pressing (HP). The final product is a carbon nanofibre reinforced copper composite. Two different fibre structures are considered: platlet (PL) and herringbone (HB). The influence of the amount of CNF reinforcement (6-24 %wt), on the thermal conductivity and CTE is studied. CNF has an excellent thermal conductivity in the direction along the fibre while it is poor in the transverse direction. The CTE is close to zero in the temperature range of interest. The adhesion of Cu to the CNF surface is in general poor and thus improving the the wetting of the copper by surface modifications of the fibres are of interest such that thermal gaps in the microstructure can be avoided. The poor wetting results in CNF agglomerates, resulting in an inhomogeneous microstructure. In this report a combination of three different types of surface modifications has been tested: (1) electroless deposition of copper was used to improve Cu impregnation of CNF; (2) heat treatment of CNF to improve wetting; and (3) introduction of a Cr buffer layer to further enhance wetting. The obtained composite microstructures are characterized in terms of chemical composition, grain size and degree of agglomeration. In addition their densities are also reported. The thermal properties were evaluated in terms of thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and CTE. Cr/Cu coated platelet fibres (6wt% of CNF reinforcement) sintered by SPS is the sample with the highest thermal conductivity, ~200 W/Km. The thermal conductivity is found to decrease with increasing content of CNFs.
Voisin, Christophe. "Mise en forme et élaboration par Spark plasma sintering de nanocéramiques à base de BaTiO3 : étude du processus de recuit, de la diffusion de l'oxygène et obtention de condensateurs céramiques aux propriétés diélectriques optimisées." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2193/.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this work is to elaborate barium titanate ceramics capacitors showing colossal relative permittivities and low dielectric losses. BaTiO3 powders with controlled stoichiometry (Ba/Ti ratio), grain size and structure have been synthesized by a coprecipitation reaction followed by a thermal treatment. Two different titanium sources were used, i. E. TiCl3 (Ti3+) and TiOCl2 (Ti4+). BaTiO3-d nanoceramics densified over 98% have been elaborated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). For the first time, the annealing parameters after SPS sintering were studied and optimized in order to obtain materials with optimal electrical properties, i. E. The highest (relative permittivity / dielectric losses) ratio. The most significant result, a colossal relative permittivity of 500 000 associated with dielectric losses of 5% (300 K, 1 kHz), is reached for a BaTiO3-d ceramic containing a titanium excess (Ba/Ti=0. 95) after a reoxidation time of 15 minutes in air followed by quenching. A study of the oxygen diffusion in these nanoceramics was conducted through an 18O2/16O2 isotopic exchange followed by a characterization by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) and showed a surface phenomenon and the grain boundaries blocking effect against oxygen diffusion. Electrical characterizations in temperature and the use of physical dielectric models enabled to identify the polarization mechanisms responsible for the colossal relative permittivities in the nanoceramics and to determine their respective contributions : hopping polarization (65%), interfacial polarization (20%) and electrode polarization (15%)
Greguš, Peter. "Lehké keramické materiály pro balistickou ochranu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417147.
Повний текст джерелаDine, Sarah. "Tungstène et alliages nanostructurès dans le système W-V-Cr pour la fusion : synthèse, densification et propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD036.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis concerns the synthesis of nanostructured tungsten and tungsten alloys, related to the thermonuclear fusion issue, with a double perspective, one concerning the powders themselves,in order to simulate the dust that will be produced during the tokamak operation, the other concerning bulk materials, where the nanostructure could bring a significant improvement on mechanical properties (elastic limit, ductility), and also on specific properties related to this operating environment (resistance to sputtering, blistering, corrosion, ...).To do so, we synthesized tungsten and binary and ternary alloys in the W-V-Cr system using Selfpropagating High-temperature Synthesis. These powders were then sintered using Spark Plasma Sintering, in order to retrieve bulk dense samples. At each step of the process, the materials were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, microhardness and compression tests. Our results show that we were able to obtain bulk nanostructured samples, with a relative density ranging from 97 to 100% depending on the alloy, with an elastic limit of up to 1000 MPa and a ductility of about 30%, which is a very promising results for a tungsten alloy with no rhenium