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Статті в журналах з теми "Spatial correction":

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Schultz, Craig A., Stephen C. Myers, James Hipp, and Christopher J. Young. "Nonstationary Bayesian kriging: A predictive technique to generate spatial corrections for seismic detection, location, and identification." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 88, no. 5 (October 1, 1998): 1275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0880051275.

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Abstract Seismic characterization works to improve the detection, location, and identification of seismic events by correcting for inaccuracies in geophysical models. These inaccuracies are caused by inherent averaging in the model, and, as a result, exact data values cannot be directly recovered at a point in the model. Seismic characterization involves cataloging reference events so that inaccuracies in the model can be mapped at these points and true data values can be retained through a correction. Application of these corrections to a new event requires the accurate prediction of the correction value at a point that is near but not necessarily coincident with the reference events. Given that these reference events can be sparsely distributed geographically, both interpolation and extrapolation of corrections to the new point are required. In this study, we develop a closed-form representation of Bayesian kriging (linear prediction) that incorporates variable spatial damping. The result is a robust nonstationary algorithm for spatially interpolating geophysical corrections. This algorithm extends local trends when data coverage is good and allows for damping (blending) to an a priori background mean when data coverage is poor. Benchmark tests show that the technique gives reliable predictions of the correction value along with an appropriate uncertainty estimate. Tests with travel-time residual data demonstrate that combining variable damping with an azimuthal coverage criterion reduces the large errors that occur with more classical linear prediction techniques, especially when values are extrapolated in poor coverage regions. In the travel-time correction case, this technique generates both seismic corrections along with uncertainties and can properly incorporate model error in the final location estimate. Results favor the applicability of this nonstationary algorithm to other types of seismic corrections such as amplitude and attenuation measures.
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Kang, Kwangmin, and Venkatesh Merwade. "The effect of spatially uniform and non-uniform precipitation bias correction methods on improving NEXRAD rainfall accuracy for distributed hydrologic modeling." Hydrology Research 45, no. 1 (June 18, 2013): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2013.194.

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In order to improve the accuracy of rainfall estimates from next generation radar (NEXRAD) uncertainties, data assimilation technique is performed by considering NEXRAD and available rain gauges which can be used to assimilate spatially uniform Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) scheme and non-uniform (based on rainfall interpolation and bias interpolation) NEXRAD bias estimations during a storm event by Kalman filtering. Even though NEXRAD provides a better spatial representation of rainfall variability than rain gauge information, it suffers from uncertainties and biases due to Z–R (reflectivity–rainfall) conversion method and limitation of available rain gauge information for NEXRAD bias correction in a particular river basin. Analysis of correcting NEXRAD bias rainfall with three different bias correction schemes is described in this study. The prediction accuracy of the STORE DHM (Storage Released based Distributed Hydrologic Model) simulations is also evaluated by using three different NEXRAD bias corrected rainfall inputs. The Upper Wabash River (17,907 km2) and the Upper Cumberland River (38,160 km2) basins are selected as the study areas to evaluate rainfall input sensitivity on different spatial characteristics. Use of spatially non-uniform NEXRAD bias correction schemes results has better rainfall and prediction accuracy compared to that of spatially uniform NEXRAD bias correction rainfall.
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Jiao, Zhaoqiang, Yiwen Li, Ge Chen, Yao Li, Shijie Chai, and Puyousen Zhang. "Correction of Spatial Nonuniformity in Spectroradiometer Field-of-View Using a Concentric-Circles Method." Photonics 9, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9020056.

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Spectroradiometers exhibit the smallest aberration and the optimum response at the field-of-view (FOV) center. The aberration increases and the response deteriorates at positions further away from the FOV center, which leads to nonuniformity in the spectroradiometer FOV. In this study, a concentric-circles method for correcting the spectroradiometer FOV nonuniformity was developed. The calibration experiment for FOV nonuniformity was conducted by establishing the experimental platform. The nonuniformity correction coefficients were obtained and then used to fit the correction function curve within the whole FOV, allowing for correction of measurement targets with an arbitrary shape. The radiation intensity of the blackbody at different temperatures was obtained by measurement, and the nonuniformity coefficient was used to correct it. After correction, the error was within 1.84% for the spectrally integrated radiant intensity in the non-absorption band. Using this correction method, efficient calibration of spectroradiometer nonuniformity can be achieved, thereby enhancing the measurement accuracy of the spectroradiometer.
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Gou, Yabin, and Haonan Chen. "Combining Radar Attenuation and Partial Beam Blockage Corrections for Improved Quantitative Application." Journal of Hydrometeorology 22, no. 1 (January 2021): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-20-0121.1.

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AbstractPartial beam blockage (PBB) correction is an indispensable step in weather radar data quality control and subsequent quantitative applications, such as precipitation estimation, especially in urban and/or complex terrain environments. This paper developed a novel PBB correction procedure based on the improved ZPHI method for attenuation correction and regional specific differential propagation phase (KDP)–reflectivity (ZH) relationship derived from in situ raindrop size distribution (DSD) measurements. The practical performance of this PBB correction technique was evaluated through comparing the spatial continuity of reflectivity measurements, the consistency between radar-measured and DSD-derived KDP and ZH relationships, as well as rainfall estimates based on R(ZH) and R(KDP). The results showed that through incorporating attenuation and PBB corrections (i) the spatial continuity of ZH measurements can effectively be enhanced; (ii) the distribution of radar-measured KDP versus ZH is more consistent with the DSD-derived KDP versus ZH; (iii) the measured ZH from a C-band radar in the PBB-affected area becomes more consistent with collocated S-band measurements, particularly in the rainstorm center area where ZH is larger than 30 dBZ; and (iv) rainfall estimates based on R(ZH) in the PBB-affected area are incrementally improved with better spatial continuity and the performance tends to be more comparable with R(KDP).
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Hoefler, Raegan, Pablo González-Barrios, Madhav Bhatta, Jose A. R. Nunes, Ines Berro, Rafael S. Nalin, Alejandra Borges, et al. "Do Spatial Designs Outperform Classic Experimental Designs?" Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics 25, no. 4 (August 29, 2020): 523–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13253-020-00406-2.

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Abstract Controlling spatial variation in agricultural field trials is the most important step to compare treatments efficiently and accurately. Spatial variability can be controlled at the experimental design level with the assignment of treatments to experimental units and at the modeling level with the use of spatial corrections and other modeling strategies. The goal of this study was to compare the efficiency of methods used to control spatial variation in a wide range of scenarios using a simulation approach based on real wheat data. Specifically, classic and spatial experimental designs with and without a two-dimensional autoregressive spatial correction were evaluated in scenarios that include differing experimental unit sizes, experiment sizes, relationships among genotypes, genotype by environment interaction levels, and trait heritabilities. Fully replicated designs outperformed partially and unreplicated designs in terms of accuracy; the alpha-lattice incomplete block design was best in all scenarios of the medium-sized experiments. However, in terms of response to selection, partially replicated experiments that evaluate large population sizes were superior in most scenarios. The AR1 $$\times $$ × AR1 spatial correction had little benefit in most scenarios except for the medium-sized experiments with the largest experimental unit size and low GE. Overall, the results from this study provide a guide to researchers designing and analyzing large field experiments. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
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Serhal, Philippe, and Sébastien Lemieux. "Correction of Spatial Bias in Oligonucleotide Array Data." Advances in Bioinformatics 2013 (March 13, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/167915.

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Background. Oligonucleotide microarrays allow for high-throughput gene expression profiling assays. The technology relies on the fundamental assumption that observed hybridization signal intensities (HSIs) for each intended target, on average, correlate with their target’s true concentration in the sample. However, systematic, nonbiological variation from several sources undermines this hypothesis. Background hybridization signal has been previously identified as one such important source, one manifestation of which appears in the form of spatial autocorrelation. Results. We propose an algorithm, pyn, for the elimination of spatial autocorrelation in HSIs, exploiting the duality of desirable mutual information shared by probes in a common probe set and undesirable mutual information shared by spatially proximate probes. We show that this correction procedure reduces spatial autocorrelation in HSIs; increases HSI reproducibility across replicate arrays; increases differentially expressed gene detection power; and performs better than previously published methods. Conclusions. The proposed algorithm increases both precision and accuracy, while requiring virtually no changes to users’ current analysis pipelines: the correction consists merely of a transformation of raw HSIs (e.g., CEL files for Affymetrix arrays). A free, open-source implementation is provided as an R package, compatible with standard Bioconductor tools. The approach may also be tailored to other platform types and other sources of bias.
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Kim, Mingyu, and Jeongrae Kim. "SBAS-Aided GPS Positioning with an Extended Ionosphere Map at the Boundaries of WAAS Service Area." Remote Sensing 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010151.

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Space-based augmentation system (SBAS) provides correction information for improving the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning accuracy in real-time, which includes satellite orbit/clock and ionospheric delay corrections. At SBAS service area boundaries, the correction is not fully available to GNSS users and only a partial correction is available, mostly satellite orbit/clock information. By using the geospatial correlation property of the ionosphere delay information, the ionosphere correction coverage can be extended by a spatial extrapolation algorithm. This paper proposes extending SBAS ionosphere correction coverage by using a biharmonic spline extrapolation algorithm. The wide area augmentation system (WAAS) ionosphere map is extended and its ionospheric delay error is compared with the GPS Klobuchar model. The mean ionosphere error reduction at low latitude is 52.3%. The positioning accuracy of the extended ionosphere correction method is compared with the accuracy of the conventional SBAS positioning method when only a partial set of SBAS corrections are available. The mean positioning error reduction is 44.8%, and the positioning accuracy improvement is significant at low latitude.
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Wu, Charley M., Eric Schulz, Mona M. Garvert, Björn Meder, and Nicolas W. Schuck. "Correction: Similarities and differences in spatial and non-spatial cognitive maps." PLOS Computational Biology 16, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): e1008384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008384.

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Koren, Lior, Yaniv Keren, and Mark Eidelman. "Multiplanar Deformities Correction Using Taylor Spatial Frame in Skeletally Immature Patients." Open Orthopaedics Journal 10, no. 1 (April 6, 2016): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001610010603.

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Background: Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) is a modern circular external fixator that, using a virtual hinge, is able to correct six axis deformities simultaneously. Despite the growing popularity of this method, few reports exist about its use in children and adolescents. To evaluate the effectiveness of TSF in correcting multiplanar deformities in patients with open physis, we reviewed the results of treatment in children who had at least two planes deformities of lower limbs. Methods: Over a period of 8 years, we treated 51 patients, 40 boys, 11 girls, with a mean age of 12.4 years (range, 2-16 years). All patients had open physis at the time of the TSF application. All patients had at least two deformities (angular and/or rotational). Fifty-five osteotomies (11 femoral, 44 tibial) were performed. Patients were divided into four groups: 13 with post-traumatic malunions, 18 with tibia vara, six with rickets, and 14 with miscellaneous deformities. Correction goal was determined as correction of deformities to population-average parameters of the lower limbs in frontal and sagittal views and normal mechanical axis deviation. Results: Correction goal was achieved in all except one patient; four patients had recurrence of deformities post-operatively and were re-operated. Most common complications were pin tract infection (20 patients), delayed union (2), regenerate translation (1), post-removal femoral fractures (2), knee subluxation (1), nonunion (1), and one patient developed chronic osteomyelitis secondary to deep pin tract infection. Conclusion: TSF allowed accurate correction of complex limb deformities in children and adolescents with relatively few serious complications. Level of Evidence: Level IV. Case series.
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Vrac, Mathieu, and Petra Friederichs. "Multivariate—Intervariable, Spatial, and Temporal—Bias Correction*." Journal of Climate 28, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 218–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00059.1.

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Abstract Statistical methods to bias correct global or regional climate model output are now common to get data closer to observations in distribution. However, most bias correction (BC) methods work for one variable and one location at a time and basically reproduce the temporal structure of the models. The intervariable, spatial, and temporal dependencies of the corrected data are usually poor compared to observations. Here, the authors propose a novel method for multivariate BC. The empirical copula–bias correction (EC–BC) combines a one-dimensional BC with a shuffling technique that restores an empirical multidimensional copula. Several BC methods are investigated and compared to high-resolution reference data over the French Mediterranean basin: notably, (i) a 1D BC method applied independently to precipitation and temperature fields, (ii) a recent conditional correction approach developed for producing correct two-dimensional intervariable structures, and (iii) the EC–BC method. Assessments are realized in terms of intervariable, spatial, and temporal dependencies, and an objective evaluation using the integrated quadratic distance (IQD) is presented. As expected, the 1D methods cannot produce correct multidimensional properties. The conditional technique appears efficient for intervariable properties but not for spatial and temporal dependencies. EC–BC provides realistic dependencies in all respects: intervariable, spatial, and temporal. The IQD results are clearly in favor of EC–BC. As many BC methods, EC–BC relies on a stationarity assumption and is only able to reproduce patterns inherited from historical data. However, because of its ease of coding, its speed of application, and the quality of its results, the EC–BC method is a very good candidate for all needs in multivariate bias correction.

Дисертації з теми "Spatial correction":

1

Mendes, Pedro Mota. "Correction of spatial distortion in magnetic resonance imaging." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6333.

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Dissertation to Obtain the Degree of Master in Biomedical Engineering
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been a major investigation and research focus among scientific and medical communities. So, new hardware with superior magnetic fields and faster sequences has been developed. However, these improvements result in intensity and spatial distortions, particularly in fast sequences, as Echo Plana Imaging (EPI), used in functional and diffusion-weighed MRI (fMRI and DW-MRI). Therefore, correction of spatial distortion is useful to obtain a higher quality in this kind of images. This project contains two major parts. The first part consists in simulating MRI data required for assessing the performance of Registration methods and optimizing parameters. To assess the methods five evaluation metrics were calculated between the corrected data and an undistorted EPI, namely: Root Mean Square (RMS); Normalized Mutual Information (NMI), Squared Correlation Coefficient(SCC); Euclidean Distance of Centres of Mass (CM) and Dice Coefficient of segmented images. In brief, this part validates the applied Registration correction method. The project’s second part includes correction of real images, obtained at a Clinical Partner. Real images are diffusion weighted MRI data with different b-values (gradient strength coefficient), allowing performance assessment of different methods on images with increasing b-values and decreasing SNR. The methods tested on real data were Registration, Field Map correction and a new proposed pipeline, which consists in performing a Field Map correction after a registration process. To assess the accuracy of these methods on real data, we used the same evaluation metrics, as for simulated data, except RMS and Dice Coefficient. At the end, it was concluded that Registration-based methods are better than Field Map, and that the new proposed pipeline produces some improvements in the registration. Regarding the influence of b-value on the correction, it is important to say that the methods performed using images with higher b’s showed more improvements in regarding metric values, but the behaviour is similar for all b-values.
2

Munger, Patrice. "An inverse-problem approach to spatial distortion correction in MRI /." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37792.

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This thesis treats of the issue of distortion in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, with focus on Echo Planar imaging (EPI) and anatomical 3D imaging.
After a review of MR theory, the principle of image formation, an analysis of distortion in the context of MRI and field mapping principles, an analysis of the EPI image formation process, which reveals the two-dimensional nature of the EPI point-spread function (PSF), is presented, and a full 2D correction technique based on the inversion of the 4D tensor EPI imaging equation using the Conjugate Gradient (CG) method is proposed. A 1D approximation of the technique is also derived for cases where the PSF can be approximated as being one-dimensional, such as in Fourier imaging, or EPI imaging in fields with low field inhomogeneity.
The proposed technique is demonstrated by means of computer simulations, and several aspects of its implementation are studied. A comparison between different correction methods based on field map data, still using computer simulations, is presented and reveals the behaviour of the different methods when applied in non-ideal conditions.
Finally, the practical application of the proposed method is demonstrated on real EPI scans and gradient echo images.
This work reveals some interesting characteristics of the correction method based on the CG algorithm, like fast convergence, possibility to recover from severe distortions and EPI B0-induced ghost artifacts reduction, but it also points out limitations of this correction method, such as potentially high computational cost and noise sensitivity.
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Bauer, Mitchell D. "Characterization and Correction of Spatial Misalignment in Head-Mounted Displays." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1510943954851583.

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Klyuzhin, Ivan S. "Deformable motion correction and spatial image analysis in positron emission tomography." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60277.

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging modality that allows to quantitatively assess the physiological function of tissues in-vivo. Subject motion during imaging degrades the quantitative accuracy of the data. In small animal imaging, motion is minimized by the use of anesthesia, which interferes with the normal physiology of the brain. This can be circumvented by imaging awake rodents; however, in this case correction for non-cyclic motion with rigid and deformable components is required. In the first part of the thesis, the problem of motion correction in PET imaging of unrestrained awake rodents is addressed. A novel method of iterative image reconstruction is developed that incorporates correction for non-cyclic deformable motion. Point clouds were used to represent the imaged objects in the image space, and motion was accounted by using time-dependent point coordinates. The quantitative accuracy and noise characteristics of the proposed method were quantified and compared to traditional methods by reconstructing projection data from digital and physical phantoms. A digital phantom of a freely moving mouse was constructed, and the efficacy of motion correction was tested by reconstructing the simulated coincidence data from the phantom. In the second part of the thesis, novel approaches to PET image analysis were explored. In brain PET, analysis based on the tracer kinetic modeling (KM) may not always be possible due to the complexity of the scanning protocols and inability to find a suitable reference region. Therefore, the ability of KM-independent shape and texture metrics to convey useful information on the disease state was investigated, based on an ongoing Parkinson's disease study with radiotracers that probe the dopaminergic system. The pattern of the radiotracer distribution in the striatum was characterized by computing the metrics from multiple regions of interest defined using PET and MRI images. Regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the metrics and clinical disease measures (p<0.01). The effect of the region of interest definition and texture computation parameters on the correlation was investigated. Results demonstrate that there is clinically-relevant information in the tracer distribution pattern that can be captured using shape and texture descriptors.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
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Pethe, Akshay. "SUPER RESOLUTION 3D SCANNING USING SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATOR AND BAND CORRECTION." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/550.

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Multi Frequency Phase Measuring Profilometry is the most popular lateral contact 3-D Scanning technique. The Phase Measuring Profilometry is limited in resolution by the projector and cameras used. Conventional signal projectors have a maximum of 2000 to 4000 scan lines limiting the projector resolution. To obtain greater detail with higher resolution the PMP technique is applied to a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) having 12000 lines, very large as compared to conventional projectors. This technology can achieve super resolution scans having varied applications. Scans achieved from PMP suffer from a certain type of artifact called “banding” which are periodic bands across the captured target. This leads to incorrect measurement of surfaces. Banding is the most limiting noise source in PMP because it increases with lower frequency and decrease in number of patterns. The requirement for lager number of patterns increases the possibility of motion banding. The requirement for higher frequency leads to the necessity for multifrequency PMP which, again leads to more patterns and longer scan times. We aim to reduce the banding by correcting the phase of the captured data.
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Maurer, Dustin. "Comparison of background correction in tiling arrays and a spatial model." Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12130.

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Master of Science
Department of Statistics
Susan J. Brown
Haiyan Wang
DNA hybridization microarray technologies have made it possible to gain an unbiased perspective of whole genome transcriptional activity on such a scale that is increasing more and more rapidly by the day. However, due to biologically irrelevant bias introduced by the experimental process and the machinery involved, correction methods are needed to restore the data to its true biologically meaningful state. Therefore, it is important that the algorithms developed to remove any sort of technical biases are accurate and robust. This report explores the concept of background correction in microarrays by using a real data set of five replicates of whole genome tiling arrays hybridized with genetic material from Tribolium castaneum. It reviews the literature surrounding such correction techniques and explores some of the more traditional methods through implementation on the data set. Finally, it introduces an alternative approach, implements it, and compares it to the traditional approaches for the correction of such errors.
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Pethe, Akshay Gajanan. "Super resolution 3D scanning using spatial light modulator and band correction /." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/936.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2008.
Title from document title page (viewed on December 10, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains: ix, 76 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-75).
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Miller, Chad I. "Evaluation of Sun Glint Correction Algorithms for High-Spatial Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/17421.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Sun glint correction algorithms were tested on a hyperspectral image containing cross-track sun glint. Spatial profiles of pixel radiance by pixel position were compared and slope values were calculated. The algorithms of Hedley et al., Lyzenga et al., and Joyce over-corrected for sun glint in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The method proposed by Kuster et al. was the weakest performer during visual comparison with the other method results. Spectral plots of corrected spectra to the original spectra were compared. Comparisons were performed on spectra from pixels with low and high amounts of sun glint. Spectra were compared within the sun glint corrected images and between the corrected images and the original image. Correlation values were calculated for each spectral comparison and averaged for each sun glint correction algorithm. The Lyzenga et al. sun glint correction algorithm had the highest average correlation value of 0.977 and is recommended for reducing sun glint in hyperspectral imagery when spectral integrity is required.
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Cheung, Lizzie 1965. "Evaluation of computer simulation of spatial nonuniformity correction in a staring sensor." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276862.

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This thesis is based on modifications performed on the U.S. Army TACOM (Tank Automotive Command, Warren, Michigan) Thermal Imaging Model (TTIM). It discusses the TTIM computer model of a staring thermal imaging sensor with respect to spatial nonuniformities. The spatial nonuniformities in a staring sensor is caused by fixed pattern noise or responsivity variations across the sensor. The objective of the thesis is to present the correction schemes for spatial nonuniformities present on a staring thermal imaging sensor and the data analysis of the corrections using flat field and bar chart targets of known temperatures. The signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) of the images will be calculated and measured before and after the correction. A simulated image after a one-point correction will be evaluated by comparison with an image from a real system using a platinum silicide thermal imaging sensor. The limits and assumptions of the simulation also will be discussed.
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Peloux, Marius. "Nouveaux composants optiques pixellisés pour la correction visuelle : modélisation, optimisation et évaluation." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112202/document.

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Ce manuscrit de thèse traite de l’étude de verres ophtalmiques microstructurés et plus particulièrement pixellisés, ces derniers pouvant présenter un intérêt particulier en optique active pour la correction de la presbytie. Une étude théorique est proposée, permettant d’analyser les performances optiques d’une lentille pixellisée en termes de transport d’image et d’identifier les paramètres qui ont un impact direct sur ces performances. Après validation expérimentale des résultats obtenus, nous constatons puis expliquons l’effet sur l’observation d’une scène de l’excentrement de l’œil par rapport à la fonction de phase du verre. Nous étudions l’effet du repliement de phase inhérent aux limites des technologies de fabrication, qui vient ajouter un chromatisme axial aux défauts visuels engendrés par la pixellisation. Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux applications possibles de la pixellisation en optique passive. Nous prouvons que pour une application visée, des lentilles binaires non pixellisées, dont nous optimisons la qualité optique, conduisent à de meilleurs résultats que les lentilles pixellisées. L’impact sur l’acuité visuelle des phénomènes diffractifs parasites induits par la pixellisation est évalué au moyen d’un banc de mesure utilisant la simulation de certaines images telles qu’elles seraient vues au travers de verres ophtalmiques pixellisés. Enfin, nous menons une étude de l’aspect esthétique d’un verre pixellisé vu par un observateur externe, à partir de modèles de calcul hybrides mêlant optique géométrique et optique de Fourier
This thesis investigates microstructured and more particularly pixelated ophthalmic glasses, the latter raising some hope for the active correction of presbyopia. A theoretical study is developed for the analysis of the optical performances of a pixelated lens in terms of image transport and leads to the identification of the parameters which have an impact on these performances. After experimental validation of the results obtained, we note and then explain the effect on the observation of a scene of eye displacement with respect to the optical function of the eyeglass. We study the effect of phase wrapping, which is inherent in the limits of the technologies implied in the manufacturing process and adds an axial chromatism effect to the visual defects generated by pixelation. We are also interested in the potential applications of pixelation in the field of passive optics. We prove that for a given application, non pixelated binary lenses, the optical quality of which we optimize, lead to better results than pixelated lenses. The impact on visual acuity of the parasitic diffractive phenomena induced by pixelation is evaluated with an optical bench using the simulation of test images seen through pixelated lenses. Finally, we study the aesthetic aspect of a pixelated component as seen by an external observer, using hybrid calculation models based on both geometrical and Fourier optics

Книги з теми "Spatial correction":

1

Plaksina, Lyubov', Liliya Druzhinina, and Larisa Osipova. Inclusive education of children with disabilities psychological and pedagogical support of preschool children with visual impairments. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1045009.

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The textbook deals with theoretical and methodological issues of inclusive education of children with visual impairments. Clinical, psychological and pedagogical characteristics of preschool children with visual impairments are given. The features of the organization of the subject-spatial environment, the correctional orientation of general education classes are shown. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the areas of training "Special (defectological) education", "Psychological and pedagogical education" , for students of advanced training and retraining courses in the field of special and inclusive education.
2

Chappell, Michael, Bradley MacIntosh, and Thomas Okell. Preprocessing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793816.003.0003.

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In neuroimaging studies, a number of preprocessing steps are often applied to MRI data to correct for artifacts that arise during acquisition. This chapter discusses the main options for arterial spin labeling (ASL) data, along with some of the specific ways in which these can improve the data, but can also interact with subsequent analysis steps. The chapter focuses on motion correction, distortion correction, registration, and spatial filtering as the main preprocessing options commonly applied to perfusion images.
3

Isett, Philip. Bounds for the Corrections. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691174822.003.0022.

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This chapter derives the bounds for the correction terms, starting with bounds for the velocity correction. Based on V of the form V = Δ‎ x W, it introduces a proposition for estimating the spatial derivatives of W. Since the number of Wsubscript I supported at any given region of ℝ x ³ is bounded by a universal constant, it suffices to estimate Wsubscript I uniformly in I. For an individual wave, it is easy to see that the estimate will hold. During repeated differentiation, the derivative hits either the oscillatory factor, the phase direction, or the amplitude wsubscript I or one of its derivatives. In any case, the largest cost happens when differentiating the phase function. The chapter also gives estimates for derivatives of the coarse scale material derivative of W and concludes with bounds for the pressure correction.
4

Isett, Philip. Bounds for the Vector Amplitudes. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691174822.003.0021.

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This chapter estimates the bounds for the vector amplitudes vsubscript I and wsubscript I of the correction. It first presents the proposition about deriving the estimates for the transport part of vsubscript I and proceeds by computing estimates for vsubscript I, starting with the spatial derivatives. It then introduces a second proposition dealing with spatial derivatives of vector amplitudes and a third proposition for the first material derivative of vector amplitudes. The fourth proposition is concerned with the second material derivative of the vector amplitudes. The chapter shows that all the bounds for γ‎subscript I and α‎subscript I are identical until the second material derivative. It concludes with a corollary about estimates for corrected amplitudes.
5

Pennycook, S. J., M. Varela, M. F. Chisholm, A. Y. Borisevich, A. R. Lupini, K. van Benthem, M. P. Oxley, et al. Scanning transmission electron microscopy of nanostructures. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533053.013.6.

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This article investigates nanostructures by means of scanning transmission electron microscopy. The electron microscope is uniquely suited to the study of individual nanostructures, allowing differentiation of different structures and properties that is difficult or impossible to do with techniques that provide a spatial average. The present generation of aberration correctors, which correct all aberrations up to third order, makes it possible to obtain sufficient sensitivity to image and spectroscopically analyze single atoms. This article begins with a brief overview of the correction of lens aberration in electron microscopy, followed by several examples of insights into nanomaterials and the atomic origins of their functionality. In particular, it considers semiconductor nanocrystals, semiconductor quantum wires, and nanocatalysts. It also discusses magnetism in gold and silver nanoclusters as well as charge ordering in manganites.
6

Congendo, Marco, and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Event-Related Potentials. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0039.

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Event-related potentials (ERPs) can be elicited by a variety of stimuli and events in diverse conditions. This chapter covers the methodology of analyzing and quantifying ERPs in general. Basic models (additive, phase modulation and resetting, potential asymmetry) that account for the generation of ERPs are discussed. The principles and requirements of ensemble time averaging are presented, along with several univariate and multivariate methods that have been proposed to improve the averaging procedure: wavelet decomposition and denoising, spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal filtering. We emphasize basic concepts of principal component analysis, common spatial pattern, and blind source separation, including independent component analysis. We cover practical questions related to the averaging procedure: overlapping ERPs, correcting inter-sweep latency and amplitude variability, alternative averaging methods (e.g., median), and estimation of ERP onset. Some specific aspects of ERP analysis in the frequency domain are surveyed, along with topographic analysis, statistical testing, and classification methods.
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Ślusarski, Marek. Metody i modele oceny jakości danych przestrzennych. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-30-4.

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The quality of data collected in official spatial databases is crucial in making strategic decisions as well as in the implementation of planning and design works. Awareness of the level of the quality of these data is also important for individual users of official spatial data. The author presents methods and models of description and evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers. Data describing the space in the highest degree of detail, which are collected in three databases: land and buildings registry (EGiB), geodetic registry of the land infrastructure network (GESUT) and in database of topographic objects (BDOT500) were analyzed. The results of the research concerned selected aspects of activities in terms of the spatial data quality. These activities include: the assessment of the accuracy of data collected in official spatial databases; determination of the uncertainty of the area of registry parcels, analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the quality of spatial data, construction of the quality model of data collected in official databases and visualization of the phenomenon of uncertainty in spatial data. The evaluation of the accuracy of data collected in official, large-scale spatial databases was based on a representative sample of data. The test sample was a set of deviations of coordinates with three variables dX, dY and Dl – deviations from the X and Y coordinates and the length of the point offset vector of the test sample in relation to its position recognized as a faultless. The compatibility of empirical data accuracy distributions with models (theoretical distributions of random variables) was investigated and also the accuracy of the spatial data has been assessed by means of the methods resistant to the outliers. In the process of determination of the accuracy of spatial data collected in public registers, the author’s solution was used – resistant method of the relative frequency. Weight functions, which modify (to varying degree) the sizes of the vectors Dl – the lengths of the points offset vector of the test sample in relation to their position recognized as a faultless were proposed. From the scope of the uncertainty of estimation of the area of registry parcels the impact of the errors of the geodetic network points was determined (points of reference and of the higher class networks) and the effect of the correlation between the coordinates of the same point on the accuracy of the determined plot area. The scope of the correction was determined (in EGiB database) of the plots area, calculated on the basis of re-measurements, performed using equivalent techniques (in terms of accuracy). The analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the low quality of spatial data is another research topic presented in the paper. Three main factors have been identified that influence the value of this risk: incompleteness of spatial data sets and insufficient accuracy of determination of the horizontal and vertical position of underground infrastructure. A method for estimation of the project risk has been developed (quantitative and qualitative) and the author’s risk estimation technique, based on the idea of fuzzy logic was proposed. Maps (2D and 3D) of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network were developed in the form of large-scale thematic maps, presenting the design risk in qualitative and quantitative form. The data quality model is a set of rules used to describe the quality of these data sets. The model that has been proposed defines a standardized approach for assessing and reporting the quality of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 spatial data bases. Quantitative and qualitative rules (automatic, office and field) of data sets control were defined. The minimum sample size and the number of eligible nonconformities in random samples were determined. The data quality elements were described using the following descriptors: range, measure, result, and type and unit of value. Data quality studies were performed according to the users needs. The values of impact weights were determined by the hierarchical analytical process method (AHP). The harmonization of conceptual models of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 databases with BDOT10k database was analysed too. It was found that the downloading and supplying of the information in BDOT10k creation and update processes from the analyzed registers are limited. An effective approach to providing spatial data sets users with information concerning data uncertainty are cartographic visualization techniques. Based on the author’s own experience and research works on the quality of official spatial database data examination, the set of methods for visualization of the uncertainty of data bases EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 was defined. This set includes visualization techniques designed to present three types of uncertainty: location, attribute values and time. Uncertainty of the position was defined (for surface, line, and point objects) using several (three to five) visual variables. Uncertainty of attribute values and time uncertainty, describing (for example) completeness or timeliness of sets, are presented by means of three graphical variables. The research problems presented in the paper are of cognitive and application importance. They indicate on the possibility of effective evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers and may be an important element of the expert system.
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Kaufmann, Philipp A., and Oliver Gaemperli. Hybrid Cardiac Imaging. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0028.

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Assessment of both coronary anatomy and myocardial perfusion are equally important for the appropriate treatment of patients with stable coronary artery disease. Cardiac hybrid imaging allows integration of coronary anatomy and perfusion in one all-in-one image, thereby avoiding mental integration of findings. In selected subgroups of patients, cardiac hybrid imaging has demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy compared to single modalities. The combination of coronary anatomy and function provides incremental prognostic information and improves risk stratification of patients with suspected or known CAD. Aside from CT coronary angiography, coronary artery calcium score (CACS) scans obtained from native ECG-triggered CT are used for hybrid imaging. They are used either for attenuation correction, or can be combined with radionuclide information to improve CAD detection and risk stratification. A large number of integrated hybrid scanners are commercially available and offer advantages for cardiac hybrid imaging. However, these devices are not mandatory, and hybrid imaging is perfectly feasible from two separate datasets using appropriate image fusion software. Cardiac magnetic resonance has entered the arena of hybrid imaging and several integrated PET/MRI devices are already commercially available. Its advantages include the lack of ionizing radiation and a high spatial resolution, particularly for soft tissue structures. In research, hybrid imaging moves beyond its conventional borders of perfusion imaging to target specific molecular or biological pathways that underlie cardiac disease, a concept known as molecular imaging. The combination of radionuclide imaging with CT or MRI offers attractive features to co-localize biological signals from radiolabeled targeted compounds with microanatomical structures.
9

Isett, Philip. On Onsager's Conjecture. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691174822.003.0013.

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This chapter deals with Onsager's conjecture, which would be implied by a stronger form of Lemma (10.1). It considers what could be proven assuming Conjecture (10.1) by turning to Theorem 13.1, which states that for every δ‎ > 0, there exist nontrivial weak solutions (v, p) to the Euler equations on ℝ x ³. Here the energy will increase or decrease in certain time intervals. In order to determine which Hölder norms stay under control during the iteration, the chapter observes that the bound for the spatial derivative of the corrections V and P also controls their full space-time derivative. The chapter also discusses higher regularity for the energy, written as a sum of energy increments.
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Deutschmann, Emanuel. Mapping the Transnational World. Princeton University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691226491.001.0001.

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Increasingly, people travel and communicate across borders. Yet, we still know little about the overall structure of this transnational world. Is it really a fully globalized world in which everything is linked, as popular catchphrases like “global village” suggest? Through a sweeping comparative analysis of eight types of mobility and communication among countries worldwide—from migration and tourism to Facebook friendships and phone calls—this book demonstrates that our behavior is actually regionalized, not globalized. The book shows that transnational activity within world regions is not so much the outcome of political, cultural, or economic factors, but is driven primarily by geographic distance. It explains that the spatial structure of transnational human activity follows a simple mathematical function, the power law, a pattern that also fits the movements of many other animal species on the planet. Moreover, this pattern remained extremely stable during the five decades studied—1960 to 2010. Unveiling proximity-induced regionalism as a major feature of planet-scale networks of transnational human activity, the book provides a crucial corrective to several fields of research. Revealing why a truly global society is unlikely to emerge, the book highlights the essential role of interaction beyond borders on a planet that remains spatially fragmented.

Частини книг з теми "Spatial correction":

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Beenstock, Michael, and Daniel Felsenstein. "Spatial Vector Error Correction." In Advances in Spatial Science, 233–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03614-0_9.

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Fan, Yingling, Irene Bueno Padilla, David Haynes II, Amy Kircher, Joseph Knight, Brittany Krzyzanowski, Phil Pardey, et al. "Correction to: Spatial Sciences and Research." In Building the Spatial University, C1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92847-6_7.

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Oosterhaven, Jan. "Correction to: Rethinking Input-Output Analysis." In Advances in Spatial Science, C1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05087-9_11.

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Flores, Paulo. "Correction of the Initial Conditions." In Concepts and Formulations for Spatial Multibody Dynamics, 75–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16190-7_14.

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Sheremata, Summer. "Correction to: Topographic Mapping of Parietal Cortex." In Spatial Learning and Attention Guidance, 307–10. New York, NY: Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7657_2019_29.

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Prossegger, Markus, and Abdelhamid Bouchachia. "Incremental Semi-automatic Correction of Misclassified Spatial Objects." In Adaptive and Intelligent Systems, 16–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23857-4_6.

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Jia, Jiaya, Jian Sun, Chi-Keung Tang, and Heung-Yeung Shum. "Bayesian Correction of Image Intensity with Spatial Consideration." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 342–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24672-5_27.

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Sabaté, Thomas, Christophe Zimmer, and Edouard Bertrand. "Correction to: Versatile CRISPR-Based Method for Site-Specific Insertion of Repeat Arrays to Visualize Chromatin Loci in Living Cells." In Spatial Genome Organization, C1—C2. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2497-5_16.

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Tsuchiya, Hiroyuki. "Deformity Correction () in Lower Limb Using Taylor Spatial Frame." In Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Surgery Case Atlas, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02767-8_239-1.

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Young, Jeffrey L., Bradley M. Lamm, and John E. Herzenberg. "Complex Foot Deformities: Correction with the Taylor Spatial Frame." In Advanced Techniques in Limb Reconstruction Surgery, 377–405. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55026-3_18.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Spatial correction":

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Guan, Yunlan, Xiaojun Cheng, Guigang Shi, and Wei Li. "Registration of multi-view point clouds based on nonlinear correction." In International Symposium on Spatial Analysis, Spatial-temporal Data Modeling, and Data Mining, edited by Yaolin Liu and Xinming Tang. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.838211.

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Tao, Tingye, Fei Gao, and Zhaofu Wu. "Gross error detection and correction based on wavelet transform and support vector machine." In International Symposium on Spatial Analysis, Spatial-temporal Data Modeling, and Data Mining, edited by Yaolin Liu and Xinming Tang. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.838574.

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Fang, Daniel T., and Jeff Puschell. "Imagery spatial performance throughput correction methodology." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Philip E. Ardanuy and Jeffery J. Puschell. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.860740.

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MAHE, Pierre, Stephane RAGOT, Sylvain MARCHAND, and Jerome DANIEL. "Ambisonic Coding with Spatial Image Correction." In 2020 28th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eusipco47968.2020.9287500.

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Xiao, Hongbing, Qiang Shen, Qing Zhao, Huquan Li, and Qin Wang. "Research on GNSS receiver for spinning projectile in trajectory correction fuze." In Second International Conference on Spatial Information Technology, edited by Cheng Wang, Shan Zhong, and Jiaolong Wei. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.775332.

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Qiang, Lin, and Nigel M. Allinson. "Spatial Optical Distortion Correction in an FPGA." In 2006 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems Design and Implementation. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sips.2006.352593.

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Wan Long and Ba Fengli. "Ultrasound image correction algorithm for spatial location." In 2010 International Conference on Computer Design and Applications (ICCDA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccda.2010.5540734.

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Mendes, Pedro, Liliana Caldeira, Filipe Janela, Nicolas F. Lori, and Mário forjaz Secca. "Pipeline for spatial distortion correction in MRI." In the 4th International Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2093698.2093748.

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Novais, Amélia, Jörg Schleicher, and Jessé C. Costa. "A spatial approximation for the Li correction." In 13th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 26-29 August 2013. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2013-275.

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Novais, Amélia, Jörg Schleicher, and Jesse C. Costa. "A spatial approximation for the Li correction." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-1236.1.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Spatial correction":

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Cao, Y., and Y. Gohar. YALINA-booster subcritical assembly pulsed-neutron experiments : data processing and spatial corrections. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/994056.

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Yevtuch, Mykola B., Vasyl M. Fedorets, Oksana V. Klochko, Mariya P. Shyshkina, and Alla V. Dobryden. Development of the health-preserving competence of a physical education teacher on the basis of N. Bernstein's theory of movements construction using virtual reality technologies. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4634.

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The article studies the results of the research aimed at the improvement of the methodology of develop- ment of the health-preserving competence of a Physical Education teacher in conditions of post-graduate education on the basis of Nikolai Bernstein’s theory of movement construction using virtual reality technologies. Based on the use of AR/VR technologies a software application “Virtual Model Illustrating Nikolai Bernstein’s Theory of Movement Construction” was developed. The stated model is one of the tools of the “Methodology of development of the health preserving competence of a Physical Educa- tion teacher on the basis of Nikolai Bernstein’s theory of the levels of movement construction”. The experimental study determines that the application of the virtual model within the stated methodology is an effective tool for the development of the health preserving competence of a Physical Education teacher. The application of the virtual model allows the actualization of the health preserving, conceptual, gnoseological, biomechanical, inclusive, corrective potentials of Nikolai Bernstein’s theory of movement construction. The use of the virtual model presents the ways of targeted and meaningful use of Nikolai Bernstein’s theory of the levels of movement construction by a Physical Education teacher and the improvement of physical and recreational technologies and concrete physical exercises and movement modes. Due to the application of virtual reality tools, health-preserving, preventative, corrective and developmental strategies are being formed among which the significant ones are: “Application of syner- gistic movements to adaptation to movement activity, and recreation”, “Application of spatial movements for actualization of the orientation and search activities and development of spatial thinking”, “Use of movements with a complicated algorithm for intellect development”.

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