Статті в журналах: "Split-pool"

1

Caan, Woody. "Pool research budgets, don't split them up." Nursing Standard 16, no. 18 (January 16, 2002): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.16.18.30.s52.

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2

Stanton, Matthew L., and James A. Holcombe. "Array-Based Split-Pool Combinatorial Screening of Potential Catalysts." Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry 9, no. 3 (May 2007): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cc060118x.

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3

Suneja, Manish, Sarat Kuppachi, Daniel Katz, and Lawrence Hunsicker. "Small Split Pediatric Kidneys to Expand the Donor Pool." Transplantation 103, no. 12 (December 2019): 2549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/tp.0000000000002706.

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4

Ghobrial, R. M., D. G. Farmer, H. Yersiz, J. Goss, F. Amersi, Drazan, S. Dawson, et al. "SPLIT LIVER TRANSPLANTATION FOR EXPANSION OF THE DONOR POOL." Transplantation 67, no. 9 (May 1999): S548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-199905150-00046.

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5

Sun, Yipeng, Benny C. Chan, Ramanathan Ramnarayanan, Wendy M. Leventry, Thomas E. Mallouk, Simon R. Bare, and Richard R. Willis. "Split-Pool Method for Synthesis of Solid-State Material Combinatorial Libraries." Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry 4, no. 6 (November 2002): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cc020021k.

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6

Škopić, M. Klika, O. Bugain, K. Jung, S. Onstein, S. Brandherm, T. Kalliokoski, and A. Brunschweiger. "Design and synthesis of DNA-encoded libraries based on a benzodiazepine and a pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold." MedChemComm 7, no. 10 (2016): 1957–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6md00243a.

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DNA-encoded libraries based on scaffolds functionalized for DNA-compatible chemistry were synthesized by split-and-pool combinatorial chemistry. The library design was aided by a chemoinformatic filtering cascade.

7

Phillips, Susan K. Jaskowski. "Complications following Split-Liver Transplantation: A Pediatric Case Study." Progress in Transplantation 12, no. 2 (June 2002): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152692480201200207.

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Liver transplantation using split and reduced livers has helped to expand the donor pool for pediatric patients in the presence of a severe cadaveric organ donor shortage. However, this technique has been associated with an increased rate of postoperative complications. The purpose of this paper is to review a case report of postoperative complications experienced by a pediatric patient following split-liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure of unknown etiology.

8

BIANCO, G., G. CERVIO, L. ROJAS, M. DIP, V. AYARZABA, J. GONI, and O. IMVENTARZA. "217Increasing the donor pool for children living related and split-liver transplantation." Liver Transplantation 6, no. 3 (May 2000): C54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1527-6465(05)80244-8.

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9

Watanabe, Masahiro. "Two Regimes of the Equatorial Warm Pool. Part II: Hybrid Coupled GCM Experiments." Journal of Climate 21, no. 14 (July 15, 2008): 3545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli2152.1.

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Abstract In this second of a two-part study, the two regimes in a simple tropical climate model identified in Part I are verified using a hybrid coupled general circulation model (HCM) that can reproduce the observed climatology and the interannual variability reasonably well. Defining a ratio of basin width between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, a series of parameter sweep experiments was conducted with idealized tropical land geometry. Consistent with the simple model, the HCM simulates two distinct states: the split warm pool regime with large vacillation between the two ocean basins and the single warm pool regime representing current climate. The former is suddenly switched to the latter as the Pacific becomes wider than the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, the vacillation in the split regime reveals a preferred transition route that the warm phase in the Pacific follows that in the Indian Ocean. This route occurs due to convectively coupled Kelvin waves that accompany precipitation anomalies over land. Additional experiments show that the inclusion of the idealized Eurasian continent stabilizes the split regime by reducing the Bjerknes feedback in the Indian Ocean, suggesting the atmosphere–ocean–land interaction at work in maintaining the observed warm pool. No difference in cloud feedback was found between two regimes; this feature may, however, be model dependent. Both the simple model and the HCM results suggest that the tropical atmosphere–ocean system inherently involves multiple solutions, which may have an implication on climate modeling as well as on the understanding of the observed mean climate.

10

Valente, R., E. Andorno, G. Santori, T. M. De Feo, R. Ghirelli, and U. Valente. "Split Liver Network: A Collaborative Internet-Based Scenario to Expand the Organ Pool." Transplantation Proceedings 39, no. 6 (July 2007): 1923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2007.05.030.

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11

Lee, Daesung, Jason K. Sello, and Stuart L. Schreiber. "A Strategy for Macrocyclic Ring Closure and Functionalization Aimed toward Split-Pool Syntheses." Journal of the American Chemical Society 121, no. 45 (November 1999): 10648–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja992658m.

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12

Sarkar, Mohosin, Bruce D. Pascal, Caitlin Steckler, Claudio Aquino, Glenn C. Micalizio, Thomas Kodadek, and Michael J. Chalmers. "Decoding Split and Pool Combinatorial Libraries with Electron-Transfer Dissociation Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry 24, no. 7 (May 2, 2013): 1026–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13361-013-0633-x.

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13

Ravaioli, Matteo, Matteo Serenari, Matteo Cescon, Sofia Martin Suarez, Alessandro Cucchetti, Giorgio Ercolani, Massimo Del Gaudio, et al. "Combined Kidney-Liver, Heart-Liver, and Kidney-Pancreas Transplantations from a Single Deceased Donor." Case Reports in Transplantation 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/849619.

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Splitting the liver for two adults to increase the donor pool is still a debated issue, especially for combined organ transplantation. We described a case of liver-splitting procedure for two adults, which was successful even in the presence of combined organ transplantation. Three adult combined organ transplantations from one deceased donor were performed, with, use of split liver grafts in two patients: a combined heart-right split liver, a left kidney-left split liver, and a right kidney-pancreas transplantation. Despite a not perfect match between the graft type and recipient, the prevention of small-for-size syndrome by ligature of the splenic artery, and/or hemiportocaval shunt in the patient receiving the left split liver, and the maximal reduction of ischemia time were the main factors contributing to the success of the procedure. This is the first report of combined heart and split liver in two adults which may suggest new strategies for organ transplantations.

14

Edlund, Lena. "Cousin Marriage Is Not Choice: Muslim Marriage and Underdevelopment." AEA Papers and Proceedings 108 (May 1, 2018): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20181084.

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According to classical Muslim marriage law, a woman needs her guardian's (viz. father's) consent to marry. However, the resulting marriage payment, the mahr, is hers. This split bill may lie behind the high rates of consanguineous marriage in the Muslim world, where country estimates range from 20 to 60 percent. Cousin marriage can stem from a form of barter in which fathers contribute daughters to an extended family bridal pool against sons' right to draw from the same pool. In the resulting system, women are robbed of their mahr and sons marry by guarding their sisters' “honor” and heeding clan elders.

15

Knechtle, Beat, Tiago M. Barbosa, and Pantelis Theo Nikolaidis. "The age-related changes and sex difference in master swimming performance." Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité, no. 104 (2019): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sm/2019020.

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Master athletes have been widely used to examine the age-induced decline of human performance. However, so far very limited reviews are available consolidating the age-related differences in master swimming performance. The aim of the present review was to summarize existing knowledge about the age-related changes in three modalities of swimming performance (i.e., pool-swimming, open-water swimming and swim split in triathlons of different distances). In addition, the paradigm of freestyle swimming records from 50 to 1500 m was used to examine age-related differences and sex difference in performance for age groups 25–29 to 100–104 years. For this example of master freestyle swimmers, the sex difference was smaller in the longer events and increased significantly after the age of ∼70 years. In summary, master athletes competing in swimming as single discipline (i.e., pool-swimming and open-water) and in triathlon (i.e., swim split as first discipline) improved their performances across calendar years. The age-related performance decline in swimming seems to be specific to the discipline, the sex and the length of the swimming event.

16

Gautier, S. V., A. R. Monakhov, O. M. Tsiroulnikova, R. A. Latypov, T. A. Dzhanbekov, S. V. Mescheryakov, K. O. Semash, S. I. Zubenko, Kh M. Khizroev, and E. V. Chekletsova. "Split liver transplantation: a single center experience." Almanac of Clinical Medicine 48, no. 3 (October 5, 2020): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2020-48-031.

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Background: Split liver transplantation is used worldwide and allows for an increase of donor organ pool, especially for pediatric recipients. Donor selection, some aspects of surgical techniques and long-term results remain to be important issues of split liver transplantation.Aim: To analyze our own clinical results of split liver transplantation, basic principles of deceased donor selection and specifics of surgical technique.Materials and methods: From May 2008 to December 2019, 32 cases of division of the deceased donor liver for transplantation to two recipients have been performed (64 split liver transplantations). Liver was divided into the left lateral section and the extended right lobe in 30 cases (“classical split”), and into the left lobe and right lobe in two cases (“full-split”). In 22 cases, the liver grafts were split in situ and in 10, ex-situ.Results: In the recipients of left-side transplants (left lateral section and whole left lobe), the one-, three-, and five-year survival rates were 80, 80, and 60%, respectively. In the right-sided transplant recipients (extended right lobe and right lobe), the one-, three-, and five-year survival rates were 93.3, 89.4, and 89.4%, respectively (p = 0.167). The most probable risk factors for mortality in the univariate analysis were liver retransplantation (p = 0.047) and patient’s weight (p = 0.04).Conclusion: For split transplantation, it is advisable to consider donors with a high-quality liver. This technique demonstrates satisfactory results and can be viewed as effective for patients with terminal liver diseases.

17

Watanabe, Masahiro. "Two Regimes of the Equatorial Warm Pool. Part I: A Simple Tropical Climate Model." Journal of Climate 21, no. 14 (July 15, 2008): 3533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli2151.1.

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Abstract Atmosphere–ocean coupled processes responsible for generating and maintaining the equatorial warm pool were investigated using models of different complexities. The primary focus was to answer the following question: why is the observed warm pool concentrated around the maritime continent? In this first of a two-part series, the solutions of a simple conceptual model that represents the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans interacting via the Walker circulation are examined. When the interbasin coupling is sufficiently strong, surface wind convergence over the Maritime Continent associated with easterly trades over the Pacific acts to generate the equatorial westerly over the Indian Ocean, leading to a warm pool spontaneously emerging between the two ocean basins. The conceptual model shows that tropical climate has two equilibria, depending upon the ocean basin widths—a single warm pool regime corresponding to the current climate and a split warm pool regime that accompanies warm pools created in the western parts of each ocean basin. The latter is found to be unstable and hence exhibits large-amplitude vacillations between the ocean basins being further amplified by the Bjerknes feedback. The above two regimes of the equatorial warm pool are identified in the model incorporating the interactive Atlantic Ocean as well, wherein the mean state and variability in the three ocean basins qualitatively agree with the observations.

18

Winssinger, Nicolas, Jennifer L. Harris, Bradley J. Backes, and Peter G. Schultz. "From Split-Pool Libraries to Spatially Addressable Microarrays and Its Application to Functional Proteomic Profiling." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 40, no. 17 (September 3, 2001): 3152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010903)40:17<3152::aid-anie3152>3.0.co;2-p.

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19

Rosenberg, Alexander B., Charles M. Roco, Richard A. Muscat, Anna Kuchina, Paul Sample, Zizhen Yao, Lucas T. Graybuck, et al. "Single-cell profiling of the developing mouse brain and spinal cord with split-pool barcoding." Science 360, no. 6385 (March 15, 2018): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aam8999.

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20

Karlos, Stamatis, Georgios Kostopoulos, and Sotiris Kotsiantis. "A Soft-Voting Ensemble Based Co-Training Scheme Using Static Selection for Binary Classification Problems." Algorithms 13, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13010026.

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In recent years, a forward-looking subfield of machine learning has emerged with important applications in a variety of scientific fields. Semi-supervised learning is increasingly being recognized as a burgeoning area embracing a plethora of efficient methods and algorithms seeking to exploit a small pool of labeled examples together with a large pool of unlabeled ones in the most efficient way. Co-training is a representative semi-supervised classification algorithm originally based on the assumption that each example can be described by two distinct feature sets, usually referred to as views. Since such an assumption can hardly be met in real world problems, several variants of the co-training algorithm have been proposed dealing with the absence or existence of a naturally two-view feature split. In this context, a Static Selection Ensemble-based co-training scheme operating under a random feature split strategy is outlined regarding binary classification problems, where the type of the base ensemble learner is a soft-Voting one composed of two participants. Ensemble methods are commonly used to boost the predictive performance of learning models by using a set of different classifiers, while the Static Ensemble Selection approach seeks to find the most suitable structure of ensemble classifier based on a specific criterion through a pool of candidate classifiers. The efficacy of the proposed scheme is verified through several experiments on a plethora of benchmark datasets as statistically confirmed by the Friedman Aligned Ranks non-parametric test over the behavior of classification accuracy, F1-score, and Area Under Curve metrics.

21

Shukla, Rameshwer, Yoshihiro Sasaki, Viktor Krchňák, and Bradley D. Smith. "Identification of Synthetic Phosphatidylserine Translocases from a Combinatorial Library Prepared by Directed Split-and-Pool Synthesis." Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry 6, no. 5 (September 2004): 703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cc049942g.

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22

Lusch, Michael J., and John A. Tallarico. "Demonstration of the Feasibility of a Direct Solid-Phase Split-Pool Biginelli Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidinones." Organic Letters 6, no. 19 (September 2004): 3237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol048946r.

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23

Winssinger, Nicolas, Jennifer L. Harris, Bradley J. Backes, and Peter G. Schultz. "Von Split-Pool-Molekülbibliotheken zu räumlich adressierbaren Mikro-Arrays und deren Einsatz in der funktionellen Proteomik." Angewandte Chemie 113, no. 17 (September 3, 2001): 3254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3757(20010903)113:17<3254::aid-ange3254>3.0.co;2-9.

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24

Jähnig, Theresa, Cornelius Demuth, and Andrés Fabián Lasagni. "Influence of Sulphur Content on Structuring Dynamics during Nanosecond Pulsed Direct Laser Interference Patterning." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4 (March 27, 2021): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11040855.

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The formation of melt and its spread in materials is the focus of many high temperature processes, for example, in laser welding and cutting. Surface active elements alter the surface tension gradient and therefore influence melt penetration depth and pool width. This study describes the application of direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) for structuring steel surfaces with diverse contents of the surface active element sulphur, which affects the melt convection pattern and the pool shape during the process. The laser fluence used is varied to analyse the different topographic features that can be produced depending on the absorbed laser intensity and the sulphur concentration. The results show that single peak geometries can be produced on substrates with sulphur contents lower than 300 ppm, while structures with split peaks form on higher sulphur content steels. The peak formation is explained using related conceptions of thermocapillary convection in weld pools. Numerical simulations based on a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model are employed to further investigate the influence of the sulphur content in steel on the melt pool convection during nanosecond single-pulsed DLIP.

25

Klein, Jens, Torsten Zech, John M. Newsam, and Stephan Andreas Schunk. "Application of a novel Split&Pool-principle for the fully combinatorial synthesis of functional inorganic materials." Applied Catalysis A: General 254, no. 1 (November 2003): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-860x(03)00282-5.

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26

Jackson, Randy W., John C. Tabone та J. Jeffry Howbert. "Identification of TNF-α inhibitors from a split-Pool library based on a tyrosine-Proline peptidomimetic scaffold". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 13, № 2 (січень 2003): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00877-6.

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27

Fordham, James M., Philipp Kollmus, Monika Cavegn, Regina Schneider, and Marco Santagostino. "A “Pool and Split” Approach to the Optimization of Challenging Pd-Catalyzed C–N Cross-Coupling Reactions." Journal of Organic Chemistry 87, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 4400–4414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.2c00104.

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28

Manku, Sukhdev, and Dennis G. Hall. "Synthesis, Decoding, and Preliminary Screening of a Bead-Supported Split-Pool Library of Triboronic Acid Receptors for Complex Oligosaccharides." Australian Journal of Chemistry 60, no. 11 (2007): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch07263.

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A controlled synthesis of a prototypic bead-supported combinatorial library of 289 triamine-derived triboronic acid receptors for oligosaccharides was achieved using the split-pool strategy with bead encoding using the method of partial termination synthesis. Although a preliminary screening of the library against the Lewis-b tetrasaccharide in neutral water failed to show tight-binding receptors, single beads from the library can be decoded efficiently using high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometric detection. This proof-of-concept could become generally applicable with the help of improved glycoside-binding boronic acid units.

29

Živković, Irena, Lina Muhandes, Vladimir Petrušić, Rajna Minić, and Ljiljana Dimitrijević. "The effect of influenza vaccine immunization on natural antibodies." Arhiv za farmaciju 71, no. 3 (2021): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm71-31544.

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Natural, polyreactive, low-affinity antibodies are known to play an important role not only in the immediate defense against pathogens, but also in shaping the acquired immune response. On the other hand, antigen specific, high-affinity antibodies can affect the balance of natural antibodies and lead to autoimmune diseases. In this study, we have analyzed the changes that occur in the IgM and IgG pool of natural antibodies after immunization with split or whole virion influenza vaccine. For this purpose, "in-house" developed ELISAs were used. The subjects were divided, according to the vaccination status, into those who had been immunized with the influenza vaccine in previous years and those who had been immunized for the first time. The analysis indicated that the pool of natural antibodies was not impaired by the immunization, evidenced by the lack of changes in any of the groups, and that certain fluctuations were induced in order to maintain the homeostasis of the immune system.

30

Kannatey-Asibu, Elijah. "Thermal Aspects of the Split-Beam Laser Welding Concept." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 113, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2903395.

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The high cooling rates normally encountered in the application of high intensity welding processes such as laser beam welding is often detrimental to the weldment, especially for high hardenability steels. To minimize this effect, the split-beam laser welding concept is proposed and analyzed. The analysis shows that even when the intensity of the single heat source is the same as the intensity of each of the dual heat sources, the resulting cooling rate at any specific temperature is lower for the dual source process than the single source process. For example, for mild steel, the cooling rate at a point 25 mm behind the heat source (where the temperature is 1364°C) was determined to be 382°C/s for the single source system, while that for a point 40 mm behind the major source (where the temperature is 1377°C) was determined to be 206°C/s for the dual heat source system. When the heat inputs for the dual system are reduced such that the total heat input is equal to that of the single source system, the resulting temperature rise is lower at all points of the weldment for the dual system. That also means a smaller weld pool size and heat affected zone. To maintain the same weld pool size and penetration as for the single heat source system then requires an increased total heat input for the dual heat source system, with the additional input depending on the spacing between the two heat sources.

31

Nunez, Alberto, Sarah E. Goodpastor, John A. Goss, W. Kenneth Washburn, and Glenn A. Halff. "Enlargement of the cadaveric-liver donor pool using in-situ split-liver transplantation despite complex hepatic arterial anatomy." Transplantation 76, no. 7 (October 2003): 1134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000088665.04964.cc.

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32

Reinhardt, Ulrich G. "Predation risk breaks size-dependent dominance in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and provides growth opportunities for risk-prone individuals." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 1206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-064.

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Groups of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fry in stream tanks formed size-determined dominance hierarchies, which were upheld through aggressive interactions and led to smaller fish occupying inferior feeding positions. Under simulated predation risk, the frequency of agonistic interactions was reduced, but more intensive aggressive behaviours were performed. This allowed small fish to gain access to better feeding positions. The effect of the predation threat on coho behaviour seemed to extend across a riffle into a second pool that served as a refuge. Smaller fry that chose to be in the exposed pool had greater growth rates than those that mainly occupied the refuge, while large fry that exposed themselves to predation did not grow better than their risk-avoiding counterparts. Differences in risk taking and growth among small coho fry in this experiment may support reports for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) of a split into different life history trajectories. The observations suggest that the presence of predators creates opportunities for the expression of alternative behavioural strategies that are absent under size-dependent dominance hierarchies.

33

Mardy, Kai, Darrell D. Belke, and David L. Severson. "Chylomicron metabolism by the isolated perfused mouse heart." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 281, no. 2 (August 1, 2001): E357—E364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.2.e357.

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The catabolism of rat chylomicrons, labeled in their triacylglycerol (TG) component, was investigated using perfused working mouse hearts. Perfusion of mouse hearts with heparin increased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the perfusate. This heparin-releasable LPL pool remained constant over a variety of experimental conditions, including workload and fatty acid concentrations, making the mouse heart a suitable model to study chylomicron catabolism. Endothelium-bound LPL hydrolyzed radiolabeled 3H-labeled chylomicrons (0.4 mM TG); the fate of LPL-derived 3H-labeled fatty acids was split evenly between oxidation (production of3H2O) and esterification (incorporation into tissue lipids, mainly TG). In comparison, the oxidation of 0.4 mM [3H]palmitate complexed to albumin was fourfold greater than esterification into tissue lipids. Surprisingly, the addition of unlabeled palmitate (0.4 or 1.2 mM) to perfusions with3H-chylomicrons did not affect the fate (either oxidation or esterification) of LPL-derived 3H-fatty acids. These results suggest that fatty acids produced from lipoprotein hydrolysis by the action of LPL and fatty acids from a fatty acid-albumin complex do not enter a common metabolic pool in the heart.

34

Kapoor, Tarun M., Amy Hamilton Andreotti, and Stuart L. Schreiber. "Exploring the Specificity Pockets of Two Homologous SH3 Domains Using Structure-Based, Split-Pool Synthesis and Affinity-Based Selection." Journal of the American Chemical Society 120, no. 1 (January 1998): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja972728u.

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35

Moreno, Megan A., Kole Binger, Qianqian Zhao, and Jens Eickhoff. "Measuring Interests Not Minutes: Development and Validation of the Adolescents’ Digital Technology Interactions and Importance Scale (ADTI)." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): e16736. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16736.

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Background Interactive digital technology use is integral to adolescents’ lives and has been associated with both health benefits and risks. Previous studies have largely focused on measuring the quantity of technology use or understanding the use of specific platforms. To better understand adolescents’ interactive digital technology use, we need new approaches that consider technology interactions and their importance. Objective This study aimed to develop an assessment tool to evaluate adolescents’ digital technology interactions and their perceived importance. Methods We used a validated scale development approach comprising 2 initial steps to create an item pool: item pool development and item pool refinement. These steps relied upon empirical literature review and an expert convening. We then evaluated the item pool using a Web-based survey. Data were collected via Qualtrics panel recruitment from a national sample of 12- to 18-year-olds. Participant data were randomly split into a development subsample for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a test subsample for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We assessed Cronbach alpha as well as model fit characteristics including root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and comparative fit index (CFI). Results Our initial item pool had 71 items and the refined item pool contained 40. A total of 761 adolescents assessed the item pool via Web-based survey. Participants had a mean age of 14.8 (SD 1.7) years and were 52.8% (402/761) female and 77.5% (590/761) white. The EFA analysis included 500 participants and an 18-item draft scale was created. The CFA included 261 participants to test the draft scale. Adequate model fit for the scale was indicated by an RMSEA of 0.063 and a CFI of 0.95. The final scale included 18 items in a 3-factor model, with Cronbach alpha for the 3 factors of .87 (factor 1), .90 (factor 2) and .82 (factor 3). The 3 factors were named (1) technology to bridge online and offline experiences, (2) technology to go outside one’s identity or offline environment, and (3) technology for social connection. Conclusions The resulting Adolescents’ Digital Technology Interactions and Importance (ADTI) scale is a promising and psychometrically validated tool for identifying the importance of distinct technology interactions. The scale is informed by relevant theory and expert input. The 3 subscales have utility for future studies to understand whether certain subscale score ranges are associated with health or well-being outcomes.

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Habbous, Steven, Carlos Garcia-Ochoa, Gary Brahm, Chris Nguan, and Amit X. Garg. "Can Split Renal Volume Assessment by Computed Tomography Replace Nuclear Split Renal Function in Living Kidney Donor Evaluations? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease 6 (January 2019): 205435811987545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2054358119875459.

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Background: As part of their living kidney donor assessment, all living donor candidates complete a computed tomography (CT) angiogram, but some also receive a nuclear renogram for split renal function (SRF%). Objective: We considered whether split renal volume (SRV%) assessed by CT can predict SRF%. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting: Living donor candidates undergoing evaluation as potential living kidney donors. Patients: Living donor candidates who received both a nuclear renogram for split function and CT for SRV as part of their living donor work-up. Measurements: Split renal volume from CT scans and SRF from nuclear renography. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature, abstracting data and digitizing plots where possible. We searched Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. We added data from donor candidates assessed in London, Ontario from 2013 to 2016. We used fixed and random-effects models to pool Fisher’s z-transformed Pearson’s correlation coefficient ( r). We conducted random-effects meta-regression on digitized and aggregate data. Studies were restricted to living kidney donors or living donor candidates. Results: After pooling 19 studies (n = 1479), we obtained a pooled correlation of r = 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61-0.82). By linear regression using individual-level data, we observed a 0.76% (95% CI = 0.71-0.81) increase in SRF% for every 1% increase in SRV%. Split renal volume had a specificity of 88% for discriminating SRF at a threshold that could influence the decision of which kidney is to be removed (between-kidney difference ≥10%). Predonation SRV and SRF both moderately predicted kidney function 6 to 12 months after donation: r = 0.75 for SRV and r = 0.73 for SRF; Δ r = 0.05 (–0.02, 0.13). Limitations: Most studies were retrospective and measured SRV and SRF only on selected living donor candidates. Efficiency gains in removing the SRF from the evaluation will depend on the transplant program. Conclusion: Split renal volume has the potential to replace SRF for some candidates. However, it is uncertain whether it can do so reliably and routinely across different transplant centers. The impact on clinical decision-making needs to be assessed in well-designed prospective studies. Trial registration: The digitized data are registered with Mendeley Data (doi10.17632/dyn2bfgxxj.2).

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Breslin, Frances A., Kathryn R. Taylor, and Stanley L. Brodsky. "Development of a Litigaphobia Scale: Measurement of Excessive Fear of Litigation." Psychological Reports 58, no. 2 (April 1986): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.58.2.547.

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The present investigation was directed toward the development of a psychometrically sound instrument that would permit measurement and understanding of the phenomenon of litigaphobia. An initial item pool of 143 items was subjected to a Thurstone analysis. 47 items survived this screening for low ambiguity and uniform spread of tearfulness. These 47 items were administered to 123 physicians and psychologists in a six-point Likert format. The Kuder-Richardson-20 split-half analysis was .90. Next a series of factor analyses were performed. A main factor was identified as generalized litigaphobia and a second factor was labelled invulnerability to litigation. A Guttman scaling procedure for Factor I yielded a four-item scale with a reproducibility coefficient of .92.

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Quinodoz, Sofia A., Prashant Bhat, Peter Chovanec, Joanna W. Jachowicz, Noah Ollikainen, Elizabeth Detmar, Elizabeth Soehalim, and Mitchell Guttman. "SPRITE: a genome-wide method for mapping higher-order 3D interactions in the nucleus using combinatorial split-and-pool barcoding." Nature Protocols 17, no. 1 (January 2022): 36–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41596-021-00633-y.

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KAPOOR, T. M., A. H. ANDREOTTI, and S. L. SCHREIBER. "ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Specificity Pockets of Two Homologous SH3 Domains Using Structure-Based, Split-Pool Synthesis and Affinity-Based Selection." ChemInform 29, no. 17 (June 23, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199817221.

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Morken, James P., Tarun M. Kapoor, Sibo Feng, Fumiyuki Shirai, and Stuart L. Schreiber. "Exploring the Leucine-Proline Binding Pocket of the Src SH3 Domain Using Structure-Based, Split-Pool Synthesis and Affinity-Based Selection." Journal of the American Chemical Society 120, no. 1 (January 1998): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja972729m.

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Parihar, Shweta, ,. Sarswati, ,. Chattarpal, and Devender Sharma. "A Brief Review on Herbs Used in the Treatment of Varicose Veins." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i1.5161.

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A weakening of the venous valves and walls is a common cause of varicose veins. Blood might flow back and pool in veins due to damaged valves, causing them to enlarge. Weakened vein walls are longer, broader, and less elastic than normal, causing valve flaps to split, resulting in increased blood pooling and twisted veins. Primary varicose veins are characterised by valvular incompetence and reflux, which have long been assumed to be the cause. Recent research, on the other hand, reveals that valve dysfunction may be preceded by alterations in the vein wall. This condition is referred to as "Siragranthi" in Ayurvedic literature (ie.Varicose vein). As a result, the current review critically assesses the possible utility of herbal medications in the treatment of varicose veins. Keywords- Herbal Plants, Varicose veins, Types, Pathophysiology

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Baldassarre, Roberto, Maddalena Pennacchi, Antonio La Torre, Marco Bonifazi, and Maria Piacentini. "Do the Fastest Open-Water Swimmers have A Higher Speed in Middle- and Long-Distance Pool Swimming Events?" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 4, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4010015.

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Background: It has been shown that the fastest open-water swimmers (OW-swimmers) increase significantly the speed in the last split of the open-water events. The aim of the present work was to determine if the fastest OW-swimmers have a higher speed in the middle- and long-distance pool swimming events, and to develop a multivariate model that can predict the medalist group in the 10-km competition. Methods: A total of 484 athletes (252-males and 232-females) were included in the analysis. Swimmers were divided into four groups based on their finishing position in the competition. For each swimmer, the absolute best performance (PB) of 200, 400, 800 and 1500-meter in long course, the seasonal best performance (SPB) obtained before the open-water events and critical velocity (CV) were analyzed. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to detect significant differences between groups and discriminant analysis was used to predict a grouping variable. Results: All the variables analyzed were significantly different between groups (p < 0.001). The first discriminant function correctly classified 50% of the overall female and male swimmers. Conclusion: Fastest OW-swimmers have a higher speed in middle- and long-distance pool swimming events. Further studies should include different anthropometric and physiological variables to increase the accuracy of classification.

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Abdalhamid, Baha, Christopher R. Bilder, Emily L. McCutchen, Steven H. Hinrichs, Scott A. Koepsell, and Peter C. Iwen. "Assessment of Specimen Pooling to Conserve SARS CoV-2 Testing Resources." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 153, no. 6 (April 18, 2020): 715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa064.

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Abstract Objectives To establish the optimal parameters for group testing of pooled specimens for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Methods The most efficient pool size was determined to be five specimens using a web-based application. From this analysis, 25 experimental pools were created using 50 µL from one SARS-CoV-2 positive nasopharyngeal specimen mixed with 4 negative patient specimens (50 µL each) for a total volume of 250 µL. Viral RNA was subsequently extracted from each pool and tested using the CDC SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay. Positive pools were consequently split into individual specimens and tested by extraction and PCR. This method was also tested on an unselected group of 60 nasopharyngeal specimens grouped into 12 pools. Results All 25 pools were positive with cycle threshold (Ct) values within 0 and 5.03 Ct of the original individual specimens. The analysis of 60 specimens determined that 2 pools were positive followed by identification of 2 individual specimens among the 60 tested. This testing was accomplished while using 22 extractions/PCR tests, a savings of 38 reactions. Conclusions When the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection is 10% or less, group testing will result in the saving of reagents and personnel time with an overall increase in testing capability of at least 69%.

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Pan, Yiguang, and Xiaomei Deng. "Incentive Mechanism Design for Distributed Autonomous Organizations Based on the Mutual Insurance Scenario." Complexity 2021 (August 2, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9947360.

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The rise of blockchain has led to discussions on new governance models and the cooperation of multiple participants. Due to the cognitive defects of the blockchain protocol in terms of intelligent contracts and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), it is often unclear as to how to make decisions about the evolution of blockchain applications. Many autonomous organizations, with the support of network technologies such as blockchain, blindly absorb members and expand the scale of the capital pool, while ignoring the cost advantage of traditional autonomous organizations based on social relations and mutual supervision to fight information asymmetry. In this context, this study analyzes the evolutionary trend of autonomous organizations and their members’ strategies under different policy environments. To this end, under the digital economy background, based on game theory, the evolutionary dynamics method, and the form of the mutual insurance organization, this study constructs an evolutionary dynamics model of distributed autonomous organizations. The results show that blind expansion without review aggravates the overall risk pool’s moral hazard, in the context of mutual insurance. Organizational strategies, such as risk pool splits, can effectively improve the risk pool’s operating performance and establish a benign competition elimination mechanism. Driven by cooperation efficiency and split supervision based on homogeneous clustering, the comprehensive application of the market elimination mechanism can effectively combat moral hazards, restrain the adverse effects of member flow, expand the living space of small- and medium-sized insurance organizations, curb the emergence of a large-scale monopoly risk pool, and improve market vitality. These conclusions and suggestions also apply to autonomous organizations based on social relations and mutual supervision. The results offer specific decision-making guidance and suggestions for the government, insurance companies, and risk management.

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Sternson, Scott M., Joseph B. Louca, Jason C. Wong, and Stuart L. Schreiber. "Split−Pool Synthesis of 1,3-Dioxanes Leading to Arrayed Stock Solutions of Single Compounds Sufficient for Multiple Phenotypic and Protein-Binding Assays." Journal of the American Chemical Society 123, no. 8 (February 2001): 1740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0036108.

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Gautier, S. V., R. A. Latypov та A. R. Monakhov. "Surgical Aspects of Split Liver Transplantation: а Review". Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology 29, № 3 (29 червня 2019): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22416/1382-4376-2019-29-3-7-17.

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Aim. To analyse the surgical aspects of performing a split liver transplantation in patients with end-stage liver disease.Key findings. Split liver transplantation (SLT) is a technique allowing two functional grafts to be obtained from one deceased donor to simultaneously save the lives of two recipients. The global clinical experience of SLT application currently comprises more than three decades. Criteria necessary for successful SLT were developed, based both on assessment of graft quality (age and anthropometric characteristics of the donor, laboratory parameters, ultrasound data, length of stay in intensive care, as well as macroscopic intraoperative assessment of the liver), and on the selection of recipients (primarily in accordance with the height-weight characteristics and the use of the GRWR [graftto-recipient weight ratio]). The use of these criteria allows the results to be achieved comparable to other types of liver transplantation (a whole liver from a deceased donor or liver fragments of an intravital donor). However, issues involved with of the optimal choice of surgical techniques remain to be solved, which include such key aspects as the anatomical method of separation (left lateral section and extended right lobe; anatomical left and right lobes of the liver), an optimal method of separation (ex situ or in situ) and others. The issues of logistics of the SLT application, including the principles of allocation of transplants, also remain significant. Ethical aspects are equally important, since, theoretically, the widespread introduction of the SLT technique may increase the risk of graft loss. The immediate and long-term SLT results require further study, which makes it possible to form a more objective opinion on the effectiveness of the technique.Conclusion. SLT shows good results both in the near and in the remote period. The key aspects of SLT performing are a deep understanding of the variant anatomy of the liver and a high level of knowledge of liver resection surgery. The active use of SLT allows the pool of donor organs to be increased, which is of great importance under the conditions of their permanent lack.

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Ceballos, H., S. Pandey, E. B. Knapp, and J. V. Duque. "Tolerancia a suelos ácidos en poblaciones tropicales de maíz del CIMMYT." Agronomía Mesoamericana 5 (June 15, 2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v5i0.25070.

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Currently, five tropical maize populations from CIMMYT are being bred for tolerance to acid soils through a full-sib recurrent selection scheme. Three cycles of selection from each population were evaluated in a split-plot design, with a varied number of replications under five environments (with normal soils, and the remaining four with varying degrees of soil stress). The observed genetic gains from these populations were highly significant: 4.72 % per cycle at all environments, 4.90% per cycle in acid soil environments (LSA), and 4.21 % per cycle for the normal soil location (LNA). The results suggest adequate genetic variability and high heritability for tolerance to soil acidity. In comparative trials, these populations yielded an average of 2.29 and 6.25 t/ha in the three LSA and two LNA environments, respectively. Under the same environments, the controls used (Tuxpeño, Pool 26 and Suwan-1) yielded an average of 1.28 and 5.56 t/ha.

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Konstantoglou, Ageliki, Dimitris Folinas, and Thomas Fotiadis. "Investigating Food Packaging Elements from a Consumer’s Perspective." Foods 9, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9081097.

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This study aims to identify and evaluate packaging elements in the food industry, taking into account various business areas/disciplines. The research was conducted with a sample of 1219 customers. An initial pool of 43 packaging items was developed, aiming to examine the elements that have a relationship with consumer behavior in buying food products. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on a random split-half sample of the data to examine the factor structure of these elements in the general population. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted in the holdout sample. The EFA of the packaging items resulted in seven factors: (1) Informational content, (2) Content protection and recognition, (3) Smart functioning, (4) Geometry, (5) Environmental friendliness (6) Endurance, and (7) Coloration. The CFA in the holdout sample supported this factor structure. The findings are informed by the consumer attitudes and predispositions towards packaging, thus having useful managerial applications.

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Durvasula, Arun, and Sriram Sankararaman. "Recovering signals of ghost archaic introgression in African populations." Science Advances 6, no. 7 (February 2020): eaax5097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax5097.

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While introgression from Neanderthals and Denisovans has been documented in modern humans outside Africa, the contribution of archaic hominins to the genetic variation of present-day Africans remains poorly understood. We provide complementary lines of evidence for archaic introgression into four West African populations. Our analyses of site frequency spectra indicate that these populations derive 2 to 19% of their genetic ancestry from an archaic population that diverged before the split of Neanderthals and modern humans. Using a method that can identify segments of archaic ancestry without the need for reference archaic genomes, we built genome-wide maps of archaic ancestry in the Yoruba and the Mende populations. Analyses of these maps reveal segments of archaic ancestry at high frequency in these populations that represent potential targets of adaptive introgression. Our results reveal the substantial contribution of archaic ancestry in shaping the gene pool of present-day West African populations.

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Cho, John Y. N., and James M. Kurdzo. "Weather Radar Network Benefit Model for Tornadoes." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 58, no. 5 (May 2019): 971–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-18-0205.1.

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AbstractA monetized tornado benefit model is developed for arbitrary weather radar network configurations. Geospatial regression analyses indicate that improvement of two key radar parameters—fraction of vertical space observed and cross-range horizontal resolution—leads to better tornado warning performance as characterized by tornado detection probability and false-alarm ratio. Previous experimental results showing faster volume scan rates yielding greater warning performance are also incorporated into the model. Enhanced tornado warning performance, in turn, reduces casualty rates. In addition, lower false-alarm ratios save costs by cutting down on work and personal time lost while taking shelter. The model is run on the existing contiguous U.S. weather radar network as well as hypothetical future configurations. Results show that the current radars provide a tornado-based benefit of ~$490 million (M) yr−1. The remaining benefit pool is about $260M yr−1, split roughly evenly between coverage- and rapid-scanning-related gaps.

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