Дисертації з теми "Sport context"
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1
Abeza, Gashaw. "Social Media in Relationship Marketing: The Professional Sport Context." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35373.
Анотація:
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the use of social media (SM) as a relationship marketing tool (RM) in the context of professional sport in North America. The specific objectives are (i) to explore the use of social media in meeting relationship marketing goals within the context of professional sport, (ii) to explore how professional sport teams’ managers see the opportunities of social media in meeting relationship marketing goals, (iii) to explore how professional sport teams’ managers see the challenges of social media in meeting relationship marketing goals, and (iv) to examine the benefits of social media, if any, in enhancing long-term relationships with their favourite sport team from the perspective of fans of professional sport teams. Guided by a pragmatist philosophical worldview, the project adopted a multi-domain qualitative research approach. The multi-domain approach reflects the three data sources (i.e., the medium-SM platform, organization-professional teams, and consumers-sport fans). Putting an individual emphasis on each of these three data sources, three different but interrelated studies are conducted to accomplish the overall purpose of the dissertation using an article-based format.
The first study, guided by the relationship marketing theoretical framework, adopted a netnographic method to investigate professional sport teams’ use of Twitter as an RM tool. Specifically, the study focused on the three core components of RM: communication, interaction, and value. The netnography is based on data gathered from the official Twitter account of 20 professional sport teams from the four major leagues from August 1, 2015 to February 29, 2016. Results outline seven emergent communication types, six interaction practices, and ten values (co)created by the teams or/and fans. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as impetus for future research are identified.
The second study aimed at obtaining a first-hand and an in-depth understanding of the role, opportunities, and challenges of SM in meeting RM goals from the perspective of senior managers of professional sport teams. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 managers from the four major leagues professional sport teams in North America. Results outline the platforms adopted, six intended objectives, seven opportunities and seven challenges of SM as an RM medium. A list of theoretical and practical implications, and impetus for future research is provided.
The purpose of the third study was to first gain an empirically supported understanding of the role and benefits of SM as an RM tool from the perspective of professional sport fans and, following that, to identify, specify, verify, and refine the emergent benefits. The study employed an adaptation of the focus group method, dubbed the ‘sequential funnel-based focus group’, which is a multiphase, step-wise version of the established method. The sequential funnel-based focus group is conceptualized, developed, described, and used in this work as a research method. The adaptation allowed the identification of benefits of SM as a medium that enhances long-term relationships through a series of funnel-based focus group discussions in three sequential phases. A total of 10 focus groups with 81 participants took part in the study. The work identified seven major benefits (and 15 sub-categories of benefits) that fans see as opportunities presented by SM as a medium to enhance long-term relationship with their team. Theoretical contributions, practical recommendations, and directions for future research are provided.
The findings from the three studies are integrated to construct a multi-dimensionally informed and comprehensive understanding of the use of SM in RM in professional sport. In general, data gathered from the perspective of the three domains (i.e., medium/SM platform, organizational/ professional teams, and consumers/sport fans) informed that SM is providing new directions to RM, making it an effective and affordable channel in realizing RM goals in professional sport context. The thesis also produced empirical evidence of the opportunities that SM presents and the challenges that it poses in terms of meeting RM goals in the context of professional sport. Informed by the studies data, the dissertation also extended Grönroos’s (2004) RM process model through the lens of SM in professional sport context. Contributions to scholarship, practical recommendations, directions for future research, and the limitations of the dissertation are provided.
2
Müller, Maximilian [Verfasser], Veit S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Senner, and Udo [Akademischer Betreuer] Lindemann. "Enhancing Sport : Sports Technology Design in the Context of Sport Motive, Motion Task and Product Feature / Maximilian Müller. Gutachter: Udo Lindemann. Betreuer: Veit S. Senner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1019588365/34.
3
Elumaro, Adeboye Israel. "Understanding the nature of talent identification and development in the Nigerian context." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2015. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/453361.
Анотація:
In recent times, the sports sector across the globe has attracted economic interests both from the public and the private sector. For example, the cost of hosting the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil was estimated at over $14.5 billion, with huge investments made intorenovating old stadia and building new ones in preparation for the games. Similarly, the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow generated over 5,000 jobs and apprenticeships for the locals, £200m worth of contracts to local firms, £198m investments in sporting facilities, and £700m worth of transport-related infrastructural development. It is thus clear that sport hasassumed more relevance in society than merely serving the purpose of recreation and leisure such that stakeholders now commit resources into sport performance improvement. Consequently, countries (particularly, those in Europe, Australia and North America) consider the sports sector among the key factors of social and economic development. Given the considerably large youthful population of Nigeria, it is possible to take advantage of sports to advance social and economic wellbeing of the people. It is however regrettable that the Nigerian government does not appear to have realised the potentialopportunities a robust sports economy could provide for a nation in the quest for social, political and economic development. The opportunities provided by sports for social and economic growth will not be fully grasped unless efforts are made to create effective talent development frameworks; unfortunately, anecdotally at least, the reality on the ground suggests that the contrary is the case in Nigeria. Previous research investigating the process of talent identification and development has highlighted a number of features of effective talent development environments. Research informing these guidelines and principles comes from a variety of research activity including understanding the nature of the talent development pathway, the characteristics of successful and developing athletes, the features of effective coaching and support environments, factorsof effective talent transfer, and effective talent development policies. However, it is important to note, that the current TID literature is based predominantly on European, Australian and North American studies. This is particularly important given that there is strong evidence to suggest that TID is culturally and context specific. Certainly the specific context must be taken into consideration when transferring and/or using recommendations (either research orapplied) from one context to another. Since there has been very little work carried out within a Nigerian context, this thesis aims to take a broad examination of the nature of talent identification and development processes within a Nigerian context. This is with the aim of understanding potential barriers to TID and facilitating effective practice to aid successful talent development within Nigeria To address these objectives, three studies were carried out. First, a literature review examined the relevant TID literature in relation to the specific context of TID in Nigeria, taking into account the role(s) of important stakeholders (i.e. coach, parents, teacher, siblings,and peers). Based on the lack of evidence from the Nigerian environment and the exploratory nature of this thesis, three qualitative studies were designed and implemented to examine a broad, in-depth perspective of the nature of athlete and sports development in Nigeria. These three studies included the elite athletes' perspectives of the nature of talent identification and development, the elite coaches' perspectives and finally the community stakeholders' perspectives. A total of 21 participants (i.e. 8 elite athletes, 7 coaches and 6 community stakeholders) were purposefully sampled and interviewed to provide triangulated, and informed perspectives on the specific nature of TID in Nigeria. The data revealed a number of challenges to effective TID in Nigeria including, lack of policy implementation, corruption, poverty, and family resistance, as well as poor infrastructure for sports development. Furthermore, luck played a large role in successfuldevelopment, especially due to the ad hoc nature of access to coaching and supportive people in the community (e.g. head teachers). Interestingly, in case successful development, theextremely challenging circumstances faced by athletes attempting to develop their sporting potentials acted as a mechanism to develop their mental resilience and independence, which facilitated success. Furthermore, findings suggest that widespread cultural practice through early years (e.g. festivals, physical labour) developed a general physicality among Nigerian children, which could serve as bedrock of TID, if the other talent development environmentswere put right.
4
Charalambous-Papamiltiades, Maria. "Sport marketing in Cyprus : the dynamics of the sport sponsorship context : emergence, development and management practices in the football industry." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13436.
Анотація:
This thesis investigates the underlying mechanisms and processes that shape sport sponsorship in Cyprus. A systematic review of the international sport sponsorship literature (1980-2009) is undertaken and used as the guide for the qualitative empirical study concentrating on football sponsorship activity undertaken in Cyprus as a developing sport sponsorship market. The systematic review reveals sponsorship management structures, practices, tendencies, and models adopted at a range of national settings, and discloses contrasts that exist in different contexts. The findings of the systematic review highlight the management practices employed by sponsors, such as their motives, decision-making practices, activation and leveraging initiatives, objectives, and evaluation processes. With regard to the empirical investigation, sponsorship activity is viewed and interpreted within the broader social and cultural context in which it takes place. The analysis of the findings is informed by critical realism paradigm, so that the underlying causal mechanisms and structures shaping (or influencing) sponsorship activity in Cyprus are identified and discussed. Specifically, the findings of study, which focused on the top division of the national professional league, revealed the existence of a sponsorship continuum involving four significantly different sponsorship approaches, ranging from purely philanthropic to heavily rational and commercial. Interestingly, the study revealed the interdependence of global and local processes within the sponsorship-related practices, suggesting that sponsorship arrangements in this specific context are marked culturally by processes of glocalisation. Such processes appeared to be vividly expressed in sponsorship-related projects in Cyprus, and involved an amalgamation of several local and cultural factors such as a strong prevalence of localism, nationalism, political clientelism, and reliance on personal relations. Community pressures seemed to have a central role in sponsorship related decision-making, whilst sponsorship activity appeared also to be influenced by the structure of the sponsors industry, the organisational structure and corporate culture, as well as by the structure and local specificity of the football market in Cyprus. More specifically, competitive imbalance of the national league, politicisation of football, the level of competition within a particular industry, and centrality of authority and control (both organisational and cultural), are additional factors that appeared to impact sponsorship activity in the specific market.
5
Marlow, Caroline. "Adherence to psychological skills and fitness training in the context of women's cricket." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271996.
6
Treacy, Jennifer Anne. "Curricular sport-for-development programmes and positive youth development : perspectives in a Scottish context." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23446.
Анотація:
This thesis investigated pupil and staff experiences of a curricular sports programme known as the Scottish School of Sport (SSoS). Participation in these types of sports programmes is a promising avenue to foster what is known as Positive Youth Development (PYD; Holt, 2008). PYD is based on a strengths-based model, in which youth are seen as having the ability to develop and enhance socially desirable characteristics. As greater responsibility is placed within the Scottish Curriculum for Excellence (CfE) for enhancing aspects commonly associated with PYD such as social and emotional well-being, it is essential to understand how school provision may develop these characteristics. The majority of research involving sport and youth development is cross-sectional and quantitative in nature, with very few studies drawing on qualitative evidence. In addition, research involving curricular sports programmes such as the SSoS, and their ability to foster aspects of PYD is limited. This research employed a sequential multi-phase mixed methods design consisting of three phases (QUAL→QUAN→QUAL). The three phases of research began with an exploratory design, which sought to understand the research context through documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with associated SSoS staff (Phase 1) and then to investigate pupil PYD reports with a longitudinal quantitative design that was comprised of two survey questionnaires (Phase 2). The final phase (Phase 3) was explanatory in nature and utilised semi-structured interviews with pupils both enrolled and not enrolled in the SSoS; these interviews sought explanations for the results which emerged from the previous two phases. A further extension phase, which analysed Tweets and the physical environment of the school, was devised to add further depth to findings from the earlier data collection. Findings overall indicated that while participation in the SSoS was a positive and engaging experience for most pupils, it was unclear if the pupils perceive the positive outcomes to be transferrable to other contexts, which was a key overarching aim of the SSoS. Programme ‘selection’ appeared to be a self-validating factor for increases in pupils’ confidence in their athletic ability. With recent requirements such as ‘playing for the school team’ added to the programme documentation, the SSoS has, perhaps unwittingly, taken on a ‘sports-plus’ approach, where the developmental aims have become secondary to sport performance. This research adds to the continuing conversation regarding the possible developmental nature of sport programmes and the continued search for positive avenues in which to enhance social and emotional development and HWB in the school context.
7
Ponces, Sara Maria Pinto Basto Calheiros. "A criatividade e o improviso no desporto : de que forma actuam e estão presentes no ténis." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12609.
Анотація:
Mestrado em Gestão de Recursos HumanosDevido ao mundo global e às mudanças que este tem vindo a assinalar, um dos elementos chave para a vantagem competitiva das organizações que nele actuam é a criatividade, bem como o improviso. Nos últimos anos desenvolveram-se vários estudos sobre este mesmo tema, na área da gestão, que demonstram que essa vantagem competitiva ocorre quando a criatividade é abordada em função do seu contexto. Contudo, sendo a criatividade e o improviso inerentes ao ser humano, ambos também acabam por se manifestar em outras áreas da vida humana, como a música, a dança, o teatro e nomeadamente o desporto. Este trabalho visou perceber de que forma é que a criatividade e o improviso estão presentes no ténis de alta competição, como se manifestam, se é importante e sua existência, e que tipo de vantagens trazem para os jogadores. Teve como campo de estudo pessoas relacionadas com o ténis: jogadores, treinadores, árbitros e adeptos. Para a concretização dos objectivos previamente propostos, foram realizadas entrevistas de tipo semi-estruturadas, dirigidas presencialmente a 15 pessoas - 6 treinadores, 4 jogadores, 1 árbitro e 4 adeptos, tendo-se obtido uma taxa de 100% de participação. Estas entrevistas foram analisadas com base à técnica de análise de conteúdo temática (Bardin, 1977). Os resultados obtidos indicam que tanto a criatividade como o improviso estão presentes no ténis - talvez mais o improviso - sendo melhores descritos como identitários do ser jogador, ou seja, é necessário e importante que estas capacidades existam pois trazem vantagens aos jogadores.
Due to all the changes that happened on global world one of the key elements to have competitive advantage on organizations that act in it is: creativity and improvisation. In recent years we have developed several studies on this subject demonstrating that this competitive advantage occurs when creativity is addressed according to their context. However, with the creativity and improvisation inherent in the human being, eventually manifest itself in other áreas of human life, such as music, dance, theater and particulary sport. This study aim to understand how creativity and improvisation are present in top-level tennis, how are manifested, its importance and its existence, and what kind of benefits they bring to the players. It had as studie field people related to tennis: players, coaches, referees and fans. To meet the previously proposed objectives semi-structured type of interviews weres conducted in person addressed to 15 people - 6 coaches, 4 players, 1 referee and 4 fans, having obtained a rate of 100% stake. These interviews were analyzed using the thematic content analysis (Bardin, 1977). The results show that both creativity and improvisation are present in tennis - perhaps more improvisation - is best described as the identity of a player, and i tis necessary and important that these capabilities exist because they bring advantages to players.
8
Olver, Denise. "Exploring Concepts of Leadership and Leadership Development Within an International Development Through Sport Context." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20666.
Анотація:
Today’s youth are tomorrow’s leaders’, and for that reason, it is considered important by researchers and practitioners alike to understand how to develop effective leadership skills and characteristics. The purpose of this research was to explore concepts of leadership including leadership development (LD) within an international development through sport context. The Commonwealth Games Association of Canada’s (CGC) International Development through Sport (IDS) administration team created a program called the Capacity Support Program (CSP). The CSP is an internship program offered to recent university graduates to assist in various initiatives intended on building sporting capacity within partnering Commonwealth countries. Participants also known as Capacity Support Officer’s (CSO’s) were immersed within an international environment with a host sport organization (e.g., Barbados National Olympic Committee) for approximately fourteen-months. In this study, interviews were conducted with IDS administrators to clarify and provide further detailed information about the program. In addition, archival material (e.g., pre-departure training manual, website articles, DVDs), interviews with CSO’s, and a debrief focus group session with the CSO’s which discussed their experiences and the various concepts of leadership and LD within an international development through sport context was conducted. Data was recorded and transcribed verbatim. A grounded theory approach, specifically the inductive coding technique was utilized throughout the content analysis procedure. Findings showed that concepts of leadership and LD were 1) a fundamental component of the program and 2) linked to various existing literature on leadership theories (e.g., authentic leadership). Further, findings demonstrated the program design and training were significant components of LD and that the cross-cultural context accelerated LD. These findings and others will culminate in a discussion regarding future studies of leadership and LD.
9
Lindsey, Iain Alastair. "Partnership and collaboration in sport : a study in the context of the New Opportunities for PE and Sport programme in three English cities." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/4645.
Анотація:
Tett et al. (2003, p38) state that "themes of collaboration and partnership ... are at the centre of New Labour's vision of a modernised welfare state". Concomitant with this government focus, the quantity of research on partnership and collaboration has expanded rapidly. However, there have been few studies of these types of relationships in the field of PE, school and community sport. In order to begin to address this gap, this study examined partnership and collaboration in the context of the New Opportunities of PE and Sport (NOPES) programme. The study was underpinned by a variety of theoretical concepts included those, such as policy networks, that may be specifically related to partnerships and collaboration as well as others, such as governmentality, that are more generic. Within three case studies of specific local authority areas, interview data from stakeholders in the NOPES programme was combined with documentary evidence where available. Cross-case analysis identified a variety of complex forms of partnership and collaboration both within the NOPES programme itself and its wider context. These different partnerships and collaborations all had an effect on the NOPES policy process in the respective case studies but in varied ways according to their different forms and the agencies involved. As a result of these findings, a number of implications for future policy related to partnership and collaboration were identified. In particular, it was suggested that a more nuanced policy approach based on an understanding of the complexities of partnerships and collaboration should be adopted. The findings also stimulated suggestions for theoretical development, especially of the policy networks concept, and for future research both in the context of sport and other policy areas.
10
Hooper, Helen. "Emotional experiences of elite athletes : the role of methodology in the construction of knowledge." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342555.
11
Fenton, Sally Amelia May. "Maximising youth sport as a context for physical activity promotion : a self-determination theory approach." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5178/.
Анотація:
Youth sport has been advocated as a vehicle through which more physically active lifestyles can be encouraged among children and adolescents. Employing objective assessments of physical activity (PA), the purpose of this thesis was to investigate the value of youth sport as a context for PA promotion and obesity prevention. Results from Study 1 indicated 37% of youth sport football participants did not meet recommended levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) during their youth sport engagement. Study 2 demonstrated negative associations between daily PA levels of grassroots footballers and obesity linked health outcomes, with the reverse true for sedentary time (ST). Guided by self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1987), findings from Studies 3 and 4 revealed perceptions of coach provided autonomy support were positively associated with sport related autonomous motivation, and in turn, higher MVPA participation (daily MVPA as well as PA accrued during youth sport) and lower ST. This thesis underlines the value of youth sport as a setting through which levels of PA can be increased, and ST reduced among youth. Research described within also points to the important role of the coach-created environment and player motivation in predicting variability in PA engagement and ST among young grassroots footballers.
12
Brand, Söndra, and Moritz Justus Klein. "The firms’ use and customers’ perception of Facebook in the context of customer-based brand equity : A case study of professional team sport organizations." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Marketing and Logistics, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18326.
Анотація:
Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to provide a holistic understanding of how Facebook is used by professional team sport organizations to strengthen customer based-brand equity and how these attempts are perceived by the customers with a focus on the derived benefits. Frame of reference: Customer-based brand equity is conceptualized, modified and employed to the realm of Facebook. Moreover, a communication model is modified in order to link marketing communications in a hypermedia environment with customer-based brand equity. Methodology: An abductive approach is chosen and a collective case study applied as research strategy. The selected cases are Manchester United and Arsenal London. Firstly, quantitative content analysis is used to analyze the Facebook pages of both cases. Secondly, eleven semi-structured interviews are conducted to understand the customer’s perception of and values associated with the respective club’s Facebook page. Conclusions: The findings of this thesis show that a firm’s usage of Facebook as a medium of communication can strengthen customer-based brand equity. While in both cases most Facebook content evolves around product related posts, it is found that the clubs communicate slightly different. Arsenal posts significantly more non-product related content involving fans than ManU. The communication tool that is most intensively used by both organizations is the link, forwarding users to the official website. The identified benefits on behalf of the interviewees embrace fan identification and peer-group acceptance as well as socializing/companionship, emotions and entertainment. Visuals have been identified as important among the sample. Customers strongly value content that evolves around non-product related posts that focus on fans, while fan integration is generally demanded in a more qualitative manner
13
Vongehr, Emeline, Re Annasilvia Dal, and Viteri Jose Daniel Garzon. "How do sport and eSport enthusiasts perceive brand image? : A study in the context of sponsorship." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355010.
Анотація:
In October 2017, the Olympic Committee rendered official its decision to consider electronic sports (eSports) as sports. The global eSports market was valued at nearly 493 million U.S. dollars in 2016, with 80% of the revenues coming from sponsorship. Sponsorship has become an important matter for organizations, since it can be a powerful tool to establish or change a company’s brand image; indeed, more than 600 sponsorship agreements were signed in 2016 in the eSport industry. This paper aims at finding out how do sport and eSport enthusiasts differ in their perception of the brand image of a sponsoring brand. The study was conducted by using combined research methods. First, we used a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews, in order to get a better understanding of the general context. Then a questionnaire was used to fully understand the differences and similarities between sport and eSport enthusiasts, and to identify the variables that impact the sponsorship response (measured by favour, interest, and use). The variables studied were event image, perceived fit, attitudes towards the brand as a sponsor, brand personality, brand associations, self-concepts and brand identification. The results show that sport enthusiasts are more impacted by factors such as brand identification and self-concepts, while brand associations matter for both groups.
14
Capstick, Andrea Lauren. "The Development of Youth Soccer Coaches: An Examination Within the Unique Coaching Context of Recreational Youth Sport." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23852.
Анотація:
The purpose of this research is to explore the context of youth recreational soccer, and to examine how coaches volunteering in this context learn to coach soccer. Framed within Jarvis’ (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009) theory of lifelong learning and employing a mixed-methods approach, this dissertation research had two distinct phases. Phase One involved the collection of data via an on-line survey from 433 recreational youth soccer coaches from Eastern Ontario. The survey served to collect demographic information, as well as general information about their team, their role as a recreational coach, and their approach to learning. The data analysis for the on-line surveys was comprised of an analysis of descriptive statistics. Phase Two involved semi-structured interviews. Recruited through their participation in Phase One, 30 coaches were purposefully targeted and interviewed based on their varied biographies, experiences, and social contexts. Additionally, seven soccer administrators were interviewed. Interview data was analyzed according to the principles of thematic analysis (Braun & Clark, 2006). Findings examine the biographies of youth recreational coaches, their coaching context, how recreational coaches learn to coach, issues of shared responsibilities related to learning, as well as practical implications. It is suggested that recreational coaches differ from one-another on many factors, and that the context of recreational youth soccer is similarly diverse and presents unique challenges to coaches. Recreational youth coaches learn to coach through a variety of sources; mostly through informal learning situations. Responsibilities surrounding coach development fall on the shoulders of individual coaches and clubs, as well as regional, provincial, and national associations; and suggestions for increased engagement in this regard are provided.
15
Graupensperger, Scott Anthony. "The locker room as a developmental context: Predicting perceptions of prosocial and aggressive behavior in youth hockey players." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1458647479.
16
Kaur, Tarminder. "Sporting lives and "development" agendas : a critical analysis of sport and "development" nexus in the context of farm workers of the Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4935.
Анотація:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis thesis is about the sporting lives of people who work and/or live at the commercial grape and wine farms of the Western Cape. Collectively referred to as farm workers, they are identified by the Western Cape Provincial Government as a priority group in need of "development". Over the past 15 or so years, proclamations and practices of "sport for development and peace" (SDP) have emerged as globally recognised phenomena, where sport is promoted as a tool to achieve a broad range of "development" objectives, including the Millennium Development Goals. As a research topic, SDP scholars examine the practical and theoretical usefulness of sport as a tool for addressing a diverse set of social, health, political and economic issues through education, diplomacy, inclusion, and awareness programmes. Instead of attending to the questions of whether or how sport might serve "development" ends, this study offers a critical analysis of the nexus between sport and "development" (SDN) in the context of farm workers of the Western Cape. Informed by James Ferguson‘s analysis of "development" as an 'anti-politics machine' (1990), I adopt a deconstructionist approach that examines issues beyond the narrow confines of "development" problems and programmes. As he argues, "development" continues to serve as a-central organising concept‘ to discuss and assess desired change in social and economic realms, which is evident in the programmes of farm worker "development" and how these continue to retain a place in the policy and political discourses on agrarian transformation in post-apartheid South Africa. With an appreciation of the Western Cape‘s agrarian history and politics and how they shape present-day farm labour conditions, I have critically analysed the discourses and practices of farm worker "development" and SDP in the light of broader structural realities, everyday sporting lives and the "development" experiences of farm workers. The central organising question of this thesis is: how do "development" problems and the solutions sought for in SDP discourses and programmes correspond to the social, economic and political realities of their subjects? Drawing on my ethnographic fieldwork conducted at farmlands in and around Rawsonville, a small rural town, from April 2012 to May 2013, I illustrate different and seemingly disconnected frames and positions from which theories of SDP and farm workers‘ experiences of sport and "development" were observed. The analysis is organised around three contrasting frames of observation, namely: 1) historical and contemporary discourses and politics of farm worker "development" and SDP programmes and practices, 2) structural arrangements of competitive and physical infrastructure for official sport, and 3) everyday (official and unofficial) sporting practices and experiences of the rural working class people. With a particular attention to continuities and contradictions in historical and contemporary farm worker "development" discourses and selected SDP case studies, I demonstrate that while SDP agendas directed at farm workers may serve divergent and at times conflicting interests, farm workers' own agency, initiative and aspirations do not feature in SDP programmes and broader "development" discourses. The contrasts and counter-narratives presented in discussing these case studies and stories complicate and contest simplified notions commonly projected in global SDP discourses and locally specific "development" agendas. Beyond the confines of sporadic and temporary SDP projects, there was a vibrant and active world of formal and informal sport among the farm workers of Rawsonville. By focusing on the everyday sporting lives of athletes, coaches, managers, organisers and soccer clubs, I paint a picture that reveals the diversity and inconsistency of experiences and meanings of farm worker as an identity, a class position and an occupation. Interrogating how farm workers were embedded within the broader rural sport structures, I describe the complex set of factors that shaped their experiences of, access to, and participation in, sport. I argue that while sport was passionately pursued irrespective of direct or corollary "development" benefits, it was unofficial and under-the-radar sport networks and practices that served as vital spaces of autonomy, initiative and self-realization, even for those who may not otherwise have had such opportunities. And while the politically disengaged and enthusiastically embraced qualities of sport may continue to be among the reasons for its traction in "development" and peace agendas, these very same qualities allow sport to be usefully employed as an ethnographic method. Among the formative turns I took in conducting and presenting my research observations was to implicate myself and invite the reader into the confusing and complex process of learning and knowledge production. By way of conclusion, I argue for refocusing the gaze of research on studying sport as part of the broader scope of subaltern sociality.
17
Morton, Sarah. "Establishing a hybrid-methodology model for co-designing behaviour change : within the context of adventure sport participation in Scotland." Thesis, Abertay University, 2016. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/5d019691-4369-422f-a485-cc69b96d0b8e.
Анотація:
Adventure sport participation numbers have significantly increased over the period of the past ten years; it has been suggested that the emergence of an experience economy, where experiences have more value than possessions, could be a key factor for this increase. Motivations for taking part in an adventure sport activity varies between participants, and perhaps even more so than those motivations that were expressed by participants’ pre-experience economy. There are a number of theories about increased participant numbers; for example, the type of demographic, how they approach participation, and approximate suggestions of how the trend for experiences rather than possessions will evolve in the future. However, there is little that explores the experiences of these newer participants, how they behave, and how they are being received by the adventure sport industry. Additionally, there is no evidence to suggest a definite understanding of the needs and requirements of these participants, nor has an investigation been conducted to measure how well the industry is meeting these. Likewise, the potential to adapt existing provision, to expose untapped opportunities, appears unconsidered, and therefore may have benefit for both providers and participants. This study took its lead from using a process of problematization, whereby the problem is explored, identified and defined by the designer(s), rather than presented to them to solve. Using this approach, a hybrid methodologies model was designed and tested to explore the perceptions and experiences of adventure sport participants, to identify any changes that may be occurring as a result of the experience economy and increased numbers of participants taking up an adventure sport activity. Immersive ethnographic and qualitative methods were implemented to better understand identified changes and issues, and quantitative methods were used to elaborate on, confirm and validate the findings. By doing this it was also possible to establish the efficacy of taking a lived experience approach to identifying and exploring emergent and currently unaddressed issues. The study identified three key themes of interest to adventure sport participants: provision of information, ability to accurately assess skill level and participate safely, and being a part of the adventure sport community. These emerging themes were problematizated, validated, and a process of co-design and ideation was used to establish and suggest a solution that could be implemented by the industry to solve the identified issues. This study highlights the potential of using lived experiences to identify a problem, and employs new mixed methodologies to develop a better understanding of critical factors occurring within a specific industry and its associated communities. The study uses this knowledge to generate a designed solution. The theories and methods discussed by the study have transferable values, and could be used within a wide range of other subject areas, being especially useful when a hypothesis proves difficult to identify and define at the outset of a study.
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Lasierra, Aguilà Gerard. "Balonmano: la relación entre los sistemas de juego, los procedimientos colectivos y su eficacia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403463.
Анотація:
En esta investigación se plantean como objetivos principales diseñar un modelo de registro que
permita describir y relacionar los elementos configuradores del juego del balonmano, y aplicar
ese modelo a la comparación entre dos categorías de competición. Siguiendo las directrices de la
metodología observacional se opta por un sistema combinado de formato de campo y sistema de
categorías, utilizando un diseño de investigación de carácter ideográfico, puntual y
multidimensional. Se utiliza como instrumento de observación y registro el software Dartfish
TeamPro V.4.5 para analizar siete partidos de categoría absoluta masculina (Copa del Rey de
España, 2012), y siete partidos de categoría infantil masculina (Campeonato de España de clubes,
2012), generándose datos de tipo concurrente y de evento. Se aplican técnicas estadísticas
descriptivas e inferenciales bivariantes para el análisis relacional de los datos, añadiéndose la
técnica multivariante de árboles de decisión al análisis comparativo de grupos. En relación al
primer objetivo de la investigación, destacan los resultados que constatan la asociación entre
sistemas de juego y procedimientos colectivos tanto ofensivos como defensivos, así como la
dificultad en establecer relaciones significativas entre el ataque y la defensa. Respecto el segundo
de los objetivos, las diferencias más significativas entre las dos categorías de competición se
obtienen en los criterios diferencias en el marcador (marco situacional), sistemas de juego
defensivos (marco estratégico), así como una mayor ocurrencia de errores técnico-tácticos en
categoría infantil (marco de la eficacia).En aquesta investigació es plantegen com a objectius principals dissenyar un model de registre que permeti descriure i relacionar els elements que configuren el joc de l’handbol, i aplicar-los a la comparació entre dues categories de competició. Seguint les directrius de la metodologia observacional s’opta per un sistema combinat de format de camp i sistema de categories, emprant un disseny d’investigació de caire ideogràfic, puntual i multidimensional. S’utilitza com a instrument d’observació i registre el software Dartfish TeamPro V. 4.5 per analitzar set partits de categoria absoluta masculina (Copa del Rei d’Espanya, 2012) i set partits de categoria infantil masculina (Campionat d’Espanya de clubs, 2012), generant-se dades de tipus concurrent i d’esdeveniment. S’apliquen tècniques descriptives i d’inferència estadística bivariada per a l’anàlisi relacional de les dades, afegint-se la tècnica multivariada d’arbres de decisió a l’anàlisi comparatiu de grups. En relació al primer objectiu de la investigació, destaquen els resultats que constaten l’associació entre sistemes de joc i procediments col.lectius tant ofensius com defensius, així com la dificultat en establir relacions significatives entre l’atac i la defensa. Respecte el segon dels objectius, les diferències més significatives entre ambdues categories de competició, s’obtenen en els criteris diferències en el marcador (marc situacional), sistemes de joc defensius (marc estratègic), així com una major ocurrència d’errades tècnic-tàctiques en categoria infantil (marc de la eficàcia).
The principal objectives proposed for this research are to design a recording model that will permit the elements configuring the sport of team handball to be described and related, and to apply this model to the comparison between two categories of competition. Following the guidelines of observational methodology, a combined system has been chosen of field format and system of categories, using an ideographic, specific and multidimensional research design. Dartfish TeamPro V.4.5 software has been used as the instrument of observation and recording to analyse seven matches in the top male category (Spanish King's Cup, 2012) and seven matches in the children's male category (Spanish Club Championship, 2012), generating concurrent and event data. Bivariate descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for the relational analysis of the data, adding the multivariate technique of decision trees to the comparative analysis of groups. With regard to the first research objective, of note are the results that show the association between game systems and collective procedures, both offensive and defensive, and the difficulty of establishing significant relationships between attack and defence. With regard to the second of the objectives, the most significant differences between the two categories of competition are obtained in the different criteria on the scoreboard (situational framework), defensive game systems (strategic framework) and a greater occurrence of technical-tactical errors in the children's category (effectiveness framework).
19
Ben, Salha Manel. "Effet d'un entrainement en pleine conscience et validation d'une échelle de mesure." Thesis, Paris 10, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA100162.
Анотація:
En psychologie du sport, l’intérêt pour les interventions basées sur la pleine conscience (MABI) ne cesse de croitre. Cependant, la majorité des études impliquant des MABI ne sont adaptées au sport. Par conséquent, l’objectif de ce travail doctoral était de développer les connaissances concernant l’application de la pleine conscience auprès des sportifs sous différents axes : l’exploration, l’intervention et l’adaptation d’un outil de mesure de la pleine conscience. La thèse est composée d’une revue de littérature sur la pleine conscience dans le sport et de trois études menées auprès de sportifs de niveau de régional à international, adultes et adolescents et dans différentes disciplines sportives, individuelles et collectives. L’analyse des données de l’étude 1 a permis de dégager quatre modèles de stratégies utilisés par les sportifs d’élite tunisiens lors de la réalisation de leurs meilleurs et leurs pires performances. On retrouve deux modèles de stratégies semblables aux stratégies basées sur la pleine conscience. Les sportifs tunisiens qui n’ont jamais été exposés à la pleine conscience utilisent des stratégies qui reposent sur des mécanismes de pleine conscience pour gérer leurs états internes pendant les situations à fort enjeu. L’objectif de l’étude 2 était d’examiner les effets du programme Pleine Conscience pour la Performance sur la performance de jeunes joueurs de tennis de table. Les protocoles de recherche à cas unique mis en place auprès des jeunes joueurs de tennis de table ont permis d’observer une amélioration de la concentration pendant des compétitions. L’objectif de l’étude 3 était d’adapter le questionnaire de pleine conscience (MIS) à la langue arabe écrite. Les analyses statistiques montrent que le MIS-TAM (Tunisie, Algérie et Maroc) est fiable et valide. Les chercheurs et les praticiens peuvent désormais utiliser cette version pour étudier la pleine conscience dans certains pays arabophones, et pour aider à concevoir et à mettre en œuvre des MABI pour les athlètesIn sports psychology, interest in mindfulness-based interventions (MABI) continues to grow. However, the majority of studies involving MABI are not suitable for sport. Therefore, the objective of this thesis work was to develop knowledge concerning the application of mindfulness to athletes in three directions: the exploration, intervention and adaptation of a tool for measuring mindfulness. The thesis is composed of a review of the literature on mindfulness in sport and three studies carried out with regional to international athletes, adults and adolescents and in different sports disciplines, individual and collective. Analysis of the data from Study 1 revealed four models of strategies used by top Tunisian athletes to achieve their best and worst performances. There are two models of strategies similar to mindfulness-based strategies. Tunisian athletes who have never been exposed to mindfulness use strategies that rely on mindfulness mechanisms to manage their internal states during high-stakes situations. The objective of Study 2 was to examine the effects of the Mindfulness for Performance program on the performance of young table tennis players. Single-case research protocols implemented with young table tennis players have shown improved concentration during competition. The objective of Study 3 was to adapt the Mindfulness Questionnaire (MIS) to the written Arabic language. Statistical analyzes show that the MIS-TAM (Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco) is reliable and valid. Researchers and practitioners can now use this version to study mindfulness in some Arabic-speaking countries, and to help design and implement MABIs for athletes
20
Ormo, i. Ribes Enric. "Jocs esportius en el context de la Guerra Civil Espanyola: perspectiva etnomotriu." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458559.
Анотація:
La present tesi estudia les pràctiques ludomotrius (jocs i situacions lúdiques sense regles) en context específic del Pla de Lleida en el període de conflicte bèl·lic de la Guerra Civil Espanyola en el període de 1936-1939. Es va fer ús dels fonaments de la praxiologia motriu per estudiar i interpretar des d’una perspectiva etnomotriu, els trets distintius de les propietats internes dels jocs (lògica interna) i la seva relació amb la cultura local (lògica externa). Es van entrevistar 20 informants i consultar fonts escrites. Es van obtenir 102 pràctiques ludomotrius (50 quasi jocs i 52 jocs); de caire bèl·lic (49) i no bèl·lic (53). Es va realitzar una anàlisi de contingut de les unitats de significat corresponents a la lògica interna i externa d’aquestes pràctiques ludomotrius. Com a conclusions més rellevants destacar que la cultura ludomotriu estudiada permetia als protagonistes: a) esdevenir artesans de les seves pròpies regles; b) realitzar experiències motrius en un entorn material i també social; c) fer ús d’objectes de joc procedent del medi, per conèixer l’entorn quotidià; d) l’autonomia lúdica doncs predominen els objectius individuals en els jocs; e) utilitzar espais propers, absents d’imprevistos; Carpe Diem, gaudir aquí i ara al realitzar jocs en un temps present, sense seguir un calendari establert. En definitiva es constata que les pràctiques ludomotrius estudiades es comporten com un mirall de gran interès per comprendre com era la societat lleidatana en el context estudiat.La presente tesis estudia las prácticas ludomotrices (juegos y situaciones lúdicas sin reglas) en el contexto específico del Plan de Lleida en el período de conflicto bélico de la Guerra Civil Española en el período de 1936-1939. Se hizo uso de los fundamentos de la praxiología motriz para estudiar e interpretar desde una perspectiva etnomotriz, los rasgos distintivos de las propiedades internas de los juegos (lógica interna) y su relación con la cultura local (lógica externa). Se entrevistaron 20 informantes y consultaron fuentes escritas. Se obtuvieron 102 prácticas ludomotrices (50 casi juegos y 52 juegos); de tipo bélico (49) y no bélico (53). Se realizó un análisis de contenido de las unidades de significado correspondientes a la lógica interna y externa de estas prácticas ludomotrices. Como conclusiones más relevantes a destacar que la cultura ludomotriu estudiada permitía a los protagonistas: a) convertirse en artesanos de sus propias reglas; b) realizar experiencias motrices en un entorno material y también social; c) hacer uso de objetos de juego procedente del medio, para conocer el entorno cotidiano; d) la autonomía de juegos pues predominan los objetivos individuales en los juegos; e) utilizar espacios próximos, ausentes de imprevistos; Carpe Diem, disfrutar aquí y ahora al realizar juegos en un tiempo presente, sin seguir un calendario establecido. En definitiva, se constata que las prácticas ludomotrices estudiadas se comportan como un espejo de gran interés para comprender cómo era la sociedad leridana en el contexto estudiado.
The present thesis studies the ludomotor practices (games and the playful situations without rules) in the specific context of Pla de Lleida in the war conflict period of the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939. The basis of the motor praxeology were used in order to study and interpret, from an etnomotor perspective, the distinctive features of the internal properties of the games (internal logic) and their relation to the local culture (external logic). 20 informants were interviewed and written sources. 102 ludomotor practices were found (50 quasi games and 52 games): both war (49) and non-war (53) type. A content analysis of the units of meaning corresponding to the internal and external logic of these ludomotor practices was carried out. The most relevant conclusions to remark report that the studied ludomotor culture allowed the protagonist to: a) become artisans of their own rules; b) practice motor experiences in a material and also social environment; c) make use of objects obtained from the environment to play, to know the daily surroundings; d) become autonomous when playing as individual objects predominate in games; e) use spaces nearby, without uncertainty; Carpe Diem, enjoy here and now when playing games in the present time, without following an established schedule. In short, it is verified that the studied ludomotor practices behave as a mirror of great interest to understand how was the Lleida society in the context studied.
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Asihel, Solomon Ghebremedhin. "An exploration and evaluation of mechanisms on the role of sport in post-conflict racial reconciliation and integration : the post-apartheid South African context." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4891.
Анотація:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhDSport has both uniting and dividing features, often manifesting contradictory outcomes in terms of conflict or co-operation. Sport is a social construct and its role and function depends largely on what society makes of it, and how it is consumed by society. If sport’s potential is to unfold, the dividing features should be guarded against and the desired positive effects must be furthered. The aim of this study is twofold; on the one hand, the study focuses on evaluating the post-apartheid South Africa’s experience, of reconciliation through Sport Intervention Programs (SIPs), and on the other hand, the study explores mechanisms through which sport can serve as a vehicle to integrate racialized South African youth identities with the aim of promoting, reconciliation and integration for change. The study identified 12 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) that are facilitating grassroots sport initiatives that use sport as a platform to combat social issues in previously marginalised communities of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Purposive sampling was used to identify12 focus group discussions, consisting of 10participants in each group, ranging from 14-20 years, totaling 100 youth as well as another group of 13 respondents for semi-structured interviews, ranging from 25-68 years old, which include sport managers, coaches/officials, role models, government and UN officials, who contributed to the SIPs and their organizations in different capacities. Both the discussion groups and face-to-face interviews were conducted on a voluntary basis. Thematic content analysis was carried-out to analyse the data. This study explored existing theories, literature, and good intervention practices, and has established the relative interlinkages between sport and peace-building, as pivotal to the ongoing scholarly debates in the field of Sport for Development and Peace (SDP). From the findings, reconciliation and integration through SIPs may require a unique method in the holistic approach for transformation and social change in post-1994. From the findings in this study, the SIPs’ effort and approaches highlighted a number of positive inroads. The majority of the discussion groups and face-to-face interviewees felt the desire to have a united and non-racial South Africa. Within the discussion group, the notion of the ‘Rainbow Nation’ emerged as a ‘counter discourse’, and, a reaction to the apartheid discourse ‘racial segregation’, both discourses found to have impacts on the youth identities. The youth participants also referred as ‘Born Frees’ are still deeply marked by their racialized past, but they also showed a drive to make a different present, and a new future. From the findings, the SIPs foci of learning by doing, such as team cohesion on the field, and peace education off the field were found instrumental in building relationship. Networking, non-violent conflict resolution, and collaboration for shared goals, which reduced, negative perceptions among the South African racialized youth, at personal and relational level. However, the structural and cultural dimensions require multiple changes at all societal levels. The interconnection of the hierarchies of change in relation to the program in-put, out-puts and outcomes, on how the attitudes and behaviours of the individual youth are expected to change by the SIPs, and how these personal changes are sought to change the structural, and cultural practices, within the programme design, monitoring and evaluation of the SIPs were found unclear, and under-developed. The reflexive learning within the current research process postulate that, first, conflict resolution, racial integration and reconciliation within the SIPs endeavors is characterized by a complex set of factors and dynamic forces on the ground such as race relations and social change. As such, a systems approach is necessary to approach this field in comprehensive manner. The present research study shows that a model is required that needs to integrate the various elements in a comprehensive fashion to promote reconciliation, conflict resolution, peace and development. Secondly, the SIPs may serve as a platform and provide contextual mechanism for conflict resolution, and this study discovered that the ‘theory of change approach’ is an effective tool to unpack the change process between the SIPs’ activities and its ultimate goal. Thirdly the genuine effort of SIPs and its NGOs in the lives of the future leaders is well articulated; however, they seem to confront a problem way bigger than their capacity, which involves power and massive resources. The fieldwork experience from the present study, commends the SIPs’ culture of networking, and collaboration can only be enhanced when it is framed by the ‘scaling-up’ strategy developed by Lederach et al. for wider social impact, and,sustainability. In light of the findings, while the above three imperatives considered as an original contribution to the existing knowledge in the field of Sport for Development and Peace (SDP), it also concluded by providing possible recommendations that may guide sport practitioners to effectively design, implement, monitor and evaluate programmes and the SIPs’ in post-apartheid South Africa, in Africa and beyond.
22
Abdul, Rahman Hala. "Multi-Sensor Based Activity Recognition˸ Development and Validation in Real-Life context." Thesis, Rennes, École normale supérieure, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENSR0011/document.
23
Larsson, Bengt. "Ungdomarna och idrotten : tonåringars idrottande i fyra skilda miljöer." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Education in Arts and Professions, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7422.
Анотація:
The main aim of the study is to generate increased knowledge about young people’s leisure time sporting habits in a contextual perspective. The intention is to highlight the circumstances in which young people pursue and participate in different activities, with a particular focus on sport in terms of one’s own life circumstances. An essential point of departure of the study is regarding sport as an important pedagogic environment of norms and values.
The perspective of the study is mainly cultural-sociological. In the analyses, Pierre Bourdieu’s key concepts habitus and capital have been used as research tools together with gender. The data on which the thesis is based is collected from young people from school year 9 living in four different milieus and comes from three different collections, conducted in 1996, 2002 and 2007. In each data collection about 1200-1500 pupils replied to a questionnaire.
Sport occupies a central position in young people’s life on the recreational field. The results show that sport culture can best be understood in the local perspective. Young people’s sporting habit development can be said to be a result of a complex interplay between personal preferences, the home environment, local traditions, what is on offer, living conditions and the prevailing laws of gender and status.
For the group of teenagers as a whole the proportion of members, as well as those who pursue personal sports, increases with higher educational capital and higher economic capital. When it comes to organised sport outside the sports club milieu no such connection can be determined.
The thesis has shown that sport is not accessible for all and opportunities for participation are curtailed for large groups of young people in our society. This is especially true for sport organised in sport clubs, i.e. sport mainly supported by public funds.
24
Potgieter, Stephan Andries. "Exploring rock climbing discourses." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09302008-125706.
25
Marques, Filipe Henriques Bicha. "Projectar com o lugar, proposta de intervenção para a quinta dos alfinetes." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3455.
Анотація:
Tese de Mestrado em ArquitecturaA presente dissertação procura registar uma reflexão de apoio teórico acerca do lugar de intervenção, a Quinta dos Alfinetes, de modo a fundamentar uma proposta de Projecto alternativa à de Oscar Niemeyer para a sede da Fundação Luso-Brasileira neste lugar. A reflexão inicia-se com uma aproximação ao conceito de lugar e da importância deste, numa perspectiva pública para a conservação da memória colectiva. De seguida, discorreremos acerca do problema da acção de reabilitação dos lugares na actualidade, focando: o perigo de fundamentações não adequadas, a dualidade entre cultura local e cultura universal, a imprescindibilidade de um processo de leitura, a questão da cópia de estilos antigos e os problemas que surgem durante a intervenção propriamente dita e que devem merecer a atenção do arquitecto. Posto isto, será abordado o tema da quinta de recreio num enquadramento histórico e enumeração dos seus principais elementos programáticos, em especial os arranjos exteriores, programa que mais caracterizava a quinta de recreio. Num segundo capítulo estuda-se a Quinta dos Alfinetes propriamente dita e, aqui, aproximamo-nos da área de intervenção, recuando no tempo tanto quanto possível, na tentativa de lhe entender a original relação com o território, da casa com a propriedade e sua configuração geométrica. De seguida faremos, um reconhecimento das actuais condições em que se encontra o recinto da Quinta dos Alfinetes, uma apreciação crítica à proposta de Oscar Niemeyer e enumeraremos os recursos compositivos fundamentais à nossa proposta de projecto. Por fim estabeleceremos as características fundamentais da Quinta dos Alfinetes que pretendemos manter e explicitaremos, de que forma os recursos compositivos anteriormente enumerados, se aplicam á proposta por nós apresentada.
The present thesis has the purpose of exhibiting a theoretical support reflection on the intervention spot, the Quinta dos Alfinetes, in order to validate an alternative proposal to the one by Oscar Niemyer for the Fundação Luso-Brasileira (Portuguese-Brasilian Foundation)’s facilities, on the same spot. This reflection starts with an approach to the concept of place and its importance, as seen from a public perspective on the conservation of the collective memory. We shall thereafter reason out the issue of current spot rehabilitation, focusing on: hazardous inadequate grounds, duality between local and universal culture, an indispensable reading process, the issue of old style building reproduction, as well as the during-intervention occurring problems, which are to be seen to by the architect. This said, the recreation farm subject will be approached within a historical perspective and its main programmatic elements will be enumerated, special attention being given to outer settings, the programme which used to characterise the recreation farm best. This chapter is an introduction to the following one, about the Quinta dos Alfinetes itself and at that point we address ourselves to the intervention area by receding in time as far back as possible, attempting to understand Quinta dos Alfinetes’ original relationship with the territory, and the one between the house itself and its premises, as well as the geometric configuration of the house. Eventually, we will acknowledge the present condition of the Quinta dos Alfinetes enclosure, also explaining the relationship between the Quinta and the Portuguese-Brazilian Foundation. We will also draw a critical appreciation of Oscar Niemyer’s proposal. The fundamental composition resources in our proposal for the Quinta dos Alfinetes spot will as well be enumerated.
26
Dickinson, Arlene. "Postconcussive sequelae in contact sport : rugby versus non-contact sport controls." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008455.
Анотація:
The effects of repeated mild concussive head injury on professional rugby players were examined. Data were collected for rugby players (n=26) and cricket player controls (n=21) using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery comprising five modalities (Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Verbal Fluency, Visuoperccptual Tracking and Hand Motor Dexterity) and a self-report Postconcussive Symptomology Questionnaire. Group statistical comparisons of the percentage of individuals with deficit were carried out for (i) rugby versus cricket; (ii) rugby forwards versus rugby backs; and (iii) rugby forwards versus cricket. Rugby players performed significantly poorer than controls on SA W AIS Digit Symbol Substitution subtest and on the Trail Making Test. On Digits Forward and Digit Symbol Incidental Recall, the results approached significance with the rugby players showing a tendency toward impairment on these tests. Rugby players exhibited impairment in areas of visuoperceptual tracking, speed of information processing and attention, and there are tendencies of impairment in verbal and/or visual memory. Results obtained on the self-report questionnaire strongly reinforced cognitive test results and a significant proportion of rugby players reported difficulties with sustained attention, memory and lowered frustration tolerance as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression. It was consistently noted that players in the more full contact positions (rugby forwards) were most susceptible to impairment, confirming that these players, who are exposed to repeated mild head injuries, are at greater risk of exhibiting postconcussive sequelaeKMBT_363
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Alcaraz, García Saül. "La Influencia del Contexto Social sobre la Motivación de Entrenadores y Deportistas: Una visión desde la Teoría de la Autodeterminación." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284857.
Анотація:
Esta tesis está constituida como un compendio de cuatro publicaciones, y tiene
como principal propósito analizar la influencia del contexto social sobre la experiencia
deportiva de los entrenadores de formación y sus jugadores, bajo el marco teórico
general de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación (Deci y Ryan, 1985, 2000). La tesis se
estructura en dos estudios complementarios, en los que presentamos resultados
empíricos obtenidos mediante enfoques metodológicos novedosos en el ámbito de la
psicología del deporte.
En el Estudio A, centrado en la población de deportistas, desarrollamos y
validamos versiones cortas de instrumentos que evalúan la influencia del contexto
social, a saber: el Peer Motivational Climate in Youth Sport Questionnaire
(PeerMCYSQ), el Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), y el Sport
Climate Questionnaire para entrenadores (SCQCoach) y deportistas (SCQPeer). Para
ello realizamos tres estudios sucesivos, publicados conjuntamente en la revista Spanish
Journal of Psychology. Los resultados muestran que las versiones cortas permiten
obtener datos de mayor calidad (i.e., menor número de valores faltantes) en un menor
espacio de tiempo. Asimismo, tanto el proceso seguido como los resultaron obtenidos
proporcionan evidencias en apoyo de la calidad psicométrica de estos cuestionarios.
Entre ellas, cabe destacar las que apoyan la validez de los cuestionarios en su red
teórica de relaciones, obtenidas mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales.
En el Estudio B, centrado en los entrenadores de formación, hemos perseguido
otros dos objetivos. Por una parte, estudiamos la influencia del contexto deportivo
sobre la motivación de los entrenadores y sus consecuentes psicológicos, mediante la
comprobación de dos modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados muestran
que cuando los entrenadores sienten que disponen de oportunidades para
desarrollarse profesionalmente experimentan una motivación de mejor calidad (i.e.,
mayor motivación intrínseca, menor amotivación), y por el contrario, cuando perciben
que el club los presiona para gestionar los entrenamientos de una forma determinada
sufren amotivación. Además, esta tesis aporta más información a la relación recíproca
entre entrenadores y deportistas. En ese sentido, percibir que los propios jugadores
están motivados intrínsecamente se relaciona de forma positiva con una motivación
de mejor calidad de los entrenadores, y sentir que los jugadores están amotivados
predice su propia amotivación. Por último, considerar que la tarea de entrenar
interfiere con las otras áreas vitales se relaciona también de forma positiva con la
amotivación de los entrenadores. Estos resultados se incluyen en dos artículos
aceptados para publicación, uno en la revista International Journal of Sports Science &
Coaching y otro en la Revista de Psicología del Deporte.
Por otra parte, en el Estudio B analizamos también cómo la motivación de los
entrenadores media entre la satisfacción y frustración de sus necesidades psicológicas
básicas, y sus experiencias de bienestar y malestar psicológicos. Los resultados revelan
que la motivación autodeterminada tiene un rol de mediador parcial en estas
relaciones. Concretamente, los resultados destacan el papel relevante de la
satisfacción de la necesidad de relación junto con la frustración de sus necesidades
para predecir el bienestar psicológico de los entrenadores, a través de la motivación
autodeterminada. Sin embargo, la motivación autodeterminada no media entre las
necesidades de los entrenadores y su malestar psicológico. Estos resultados se
incluyen en un manuscrito en proceso de revisión.
En conclusión, en esta tesis presentamos, por un lado, el desarrollo de cuatro
versiones cortas de cuestionarios que permiten evaluar de un modo más eficiente el
efecto del contexto social sobre los deportistas, y por el otro, la obtención de nuevas
evidencias empíricas acerca de la influencia del contexto deportivo sobre la motivación
y los consecuentes psicológicos de los entrenadores de formación.This thesis has been developed by a compendium of four publications. Grounded in self‐determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000), the main goal of the present investigation is to study the influence of social environment on development coaches’ and players’ sport experiences. The thesis is structured in two different studies, in which we present empirical results obtained using methodological approaches novel to the field of sport psychology. In Study A, we develop and validate short‐forms of questionnaires assessing the influence of the social environment on athletes, including the Peer Motivational Climate in Youth Sport Questionnaire (PeerMCYSQ), the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), and the Sport Climate Questionnaire for coaches (SCQCoach) and athletes (SCQPeer). We conducted three consecutive studies that have been published together in the Spanish Journal of Psychology. The results show that the short‐forms allow to collect data more efficiently and to obtain better data quality (i.e., less missing values). Moreover, both the process of shortening and the results obtained showed evidence supporting the psychometric merit of the shortforms. Among them, we highlight the evidence supporting the validity based on the relationships with external variables, achieved using structural equation models. In study B, focused on the development coaches’ population, we pursue two different goals. On the one hand, we examine how the social environment influences coaches’ motivation and psychological consequences, using structural equation models. The results show that those coaches that perceive opportunities for professional development experience higher‐quality motivation of (i.e., higher intrinsic motivation, lower amotivation), and those that feel pressured by the club in order to conduct practices in a particular way, suffer from amotivation. Moreover, this thesis highlights the reciprocal relationship between coaches and players. Specifically, perceiving that players are intrinsically motivated is related to coaches’ high‐quality motivation, and perceiving that players are amotivated is related to coaches’ amotivation. In addition, when coaches perceive a conflict between their coaching job and other life areas, they experience amotivation. Those results are published in the Journal of Sports Science & Coaching and the Revista de Psicología del Deporte. On the other hand, in Study B we analyze how coaches’ motivation mediates between their psychological need satisfaction and thwarting, and indicators of their psychological well‐ and ill‐being. Results show that coaches’ motivation has a partial mediation role in those relationships. Specifically, the results highlight the relevance of the need for relatedness along with need thwarting in predicting coaches’ psychological consequences, through self‐determined motivation. However, coaches’ motivation did not mediate between their psychological needs and their psychological ill‐being. Those results are presented in a manuscript submitted for publication. In sum, in this thesis we present (1) the development of four short‐forms that allow studying more efficiently the influence of the social environment on athletes, and (2) the results of structural equation models assessing how the sport environment influences development coaches’ motivation and psychological consequences.
28
Cardall, Martin. "Contact lenses and sport." Thesis, Aston University, 2008. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14644/.
Анотація:
Contact lenses seem to be the ideal method of vision correction for ametropic people who participate in sporting activities. This thesis sets out to evaluate the viewpoint of the optometric professional and that of the patient on the use of contact lenses in sport and to establish if education is needed within this area. It also aims to provide some scientific evidence on the effect of exercise on the physiology of the cornea with and without contact lenses. Silicone hydrogel contact lenses have previously been suggested to impede heat dissipation from the cornea compared to mid water hydrogels. This was further demonstrated with exercise. The physiological integrity of the cornea is dependant on the amount of oxygen available to its surfaces. Contact lenses can disrupt the diffusion of oxygen to the cornea. Previous methods of measuring the oxygen consumption of the cornea have been limited by their invasive nature and assessment of only a small surface area of the cornea. They are not suitable to measure corneal oxygen consumption during exercise with and without contact lenses. A new method needed to be established. This was achieved by designing a novel method by the use of an oxygen sensor inside an airtight goggle using dynamic quenching of luminescence method. This established a non-contact way of measuring the effect oxygen uptake with and without contact lenses in vivo, allowing the contact lens to be undisturbed in their natural environment. The new method differentiated between the closed-eye and the open-eye condition with a good within-visit repeatability. It also illustrated that the cornea utilises oxygen at a faster rate during controlled aerobic exercise at moderate intensity. New contact lenses are available specifically for sport, these claim to reduce glare and increase contrast for daylight outdoor sports. However, visual benefits of these types of contact lenses cannot be measured easily in an indoor clinical environment, such as the optometric practice. To demonstrate any potential benefits of these lenses emulation of them should be conducted outdoors.
29
Johansson, Lisa. ""Vi finns några rader bort" : En kvantitativ och netnografisk studie av Viasat Sport och C More Sports twitterkonversationer." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-144369.
Анотація:
The purpose of this essay was to examine conversations between two Swedish organizations and their customers to explore how online meetings and dialogs can affect organisations image and relationships between customers and organisations. Viasat and C More are both live sport broadcasters with online play services. The study was motivated by three research questions: (1) How high response rates do the company's Twitter accounts have on positive or negative feedback and questions? (2) What strategies do the companies twitter accounts apply to customers who experience problems with with their live broadcasts? (3) What appeal and tonality does the company's twitter accounts have? Previous research offers a descriptive account of interaction and interpersonal communication, communication strategies, relationship building between organizations and their customers on social media and effects of relationship management and relationship building in social media. The theoretical framework consists of theories about relationship building and management, interpersonal communication and crisis communication. A quantitative content analysis was implemented to analyse in what extent the chosen companies respond to their customers during September 16 2017 and November 21 2017. Data collected was 734 tweets, which resulted in 406 twitter conversations. A qualitative analysis was conducted with methodological tools form nethnography and social network analysis. The findings showed that both companies answered the majority of received tweets. Patterns and themes were found in the qualitative study that showed both differences and similarities in C More and Viasat’ way of interacting. Viasat often has the last word, and end conversations more often than C More did. Both companies act accordingly to Benoits theories about image restoration. Findings also suggest that both companies risk their reputations and images by engaging in dialog. Interaction and commitment is also the key to build and nurture customer and organisation relationship in order to gain positive outcomes.
30
Santiago, Leonéa Vitoria. "Os valores orientadores das práticas desportivas em grupos emergentes da terceira idade-um estudo sobre as suas construções simbólicas." Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29143.
31
Stuart, Charles A., William L. Stone, Mary E. A. Howell, Marianne F. Brannon, H. Kenton Hall, Andrew L. Gibson, and Michael H. Stone. "Myosin Content of Individual Human Muscle Fibers Isolated by Laser Capture Microdissection." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4642.
Анотація:
Muscle fiber composition correlates with insulin resistance, and exercise training can increase slow-twitch (type I) fibers and, thereby, mitigate diabetes risk. Human skeletal muscle is made up of three distinct fiber types, but muscle contains many more isoforms of myosin heavy and light chains, which are coded by 15 and 11 different genes, respectively. Laser capture microdissection techniques allow assessment of mRNA and protein content in individual fibers. We found that specific human fiber types contain different mixtures of myosin heavy and light chains. Fast-twitch (type IIx) fibers consistently contained myosin heavy chains 1, 2, and 4 and myosin light chain 1. Type I fibers always contained myosin heavy chains 6 and 7 (MYH6 and MYH7) and myosin light chain 3 (MYL3), whereas MYH6, MYH7, and MYL3 were nearly absent from type IIx fibers. In contrast to cardiomyocytes, where MYH6 (also known as α-myosin heavy chain) is seen solely in fast-twitch cells, only slow-twitch fibers of skeletal muscle contained MYH6. Classical fast myosin heavy chains (MHC1, MHC2, and MHC4) were present in variable proportions in all fiber types, but significant MYH6 and MYH7 expression indicated slow-twitch phenotype, and the absence of these two isoforms determined a fast-twitch phenotype. The mixed myosin heavy and light chain content of type IIa fibers was consistent with its role as a transition between fast and slow phenotypes. These new observations suggest that the presence or absence of MYH6 and MYH7 proteins dictates the slow- or fast-twitch phenotype in skeletal muscle.
The technical challenges of human skeletal muscle fiber type identification have evolved over the past three decades (8). The typical normal adult has roughly equal amounts of slow- and fast-twitch fibers, designated type I and II fibers. In addition, a variable portion of the type II fibers is mixed, containing both fast- and slow-twitch fiber markers, called type IIa fibers, whereas type II fibers that contain only the fast-twitch phenotype are designated type IIx in humans. Exercise training can cause modest shifts in fiber composition from one of these types to a contiguous type, with the relationship being type I to IIa to IIx or type IIx to IIa to I. The tail end of each myosin heavy chain is attached to the tail of another myosin heavy chain, and each of these forms a complex with two myosin light chains. Many heavy and light chain complexes are intertwined to form the thick filaments of each sarcomere. Thin filaments are composed of actin, troponin, and tropomyosin. The myosin heavy chains contain ATPase, which is essential for shortening of the contractile apparatus in the sarcomere, resulting in muscle-generated movement of a body part. The pH optimum of the ATPase has been classically the histochemical technique for identifying fast, slow, and mixed fibers. However, for more than a decade, monoclonal antibodies that correlated with the ATPase designation of fast, slow, and mixed fibers by bright-field or immunohistochemical methods have been used (2). The widely used fast and slow myosin monoclonal antibodies were obtained from mice immunized with only partially purified human skeletal muscle myosin antigens. More recently, antibodies that were raised against specific individual myosin heavy and light chain proteins became commercially available.
The 15 human genes that code myosin heavy chains are designated MYH1, MYH2, MYH3, MYH4, MYH6, MYH7, MYH7B, MYH8, MYH9, MYH10, MYH11, MYH12, MYH13, MYH14, MYH15, and MYH16 (17). MYH9, MYH10, and MYH11 are expressed primarily in smooth muscle. At least eight separate genes that code myosin light chains, MYL1, MYL2, MYL3, MYL4, MYL5, MYL6, MYL6B, and MYLPF, have been identified, and at least three of these have a second isoform (3).
Our initial investigation of the expression of myosin heavy and light chains using laser capture microdissection (LCM) to obtain specific fiber type samples from human vastus lateralis biopsies yielded some unexpected results. These observations led us to question which isoforms of myosin heavy and light chains are actually characteristic of “fast” or “slow” fibers in human skeletal muscle. We used immunoblots, mass spectroscopic (MS) proteomics, and next-generation sequencing of muscle homogenates and of LCM-generated samples of individual fiber types from normal control subjects and subjects with extremely different muscle fiber composition to approach this question by evaluating muscle specimens from subjects with diverse and extremely different fiber compositions. The hypothesis that drove these studies was that fibers of each type would have consistent myosin heavy and light chains that are characteristic of the fiber type. This is the first report that the abundance of different myosin heavy and light chains corresponds to different muscle fiber types.
32
Kiper, Halil 1976. "Disruptions in the sports content delivery value chain due to consuming sports content over the Internet." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105299.
Анотація:
Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, February 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "November 2013."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-83).
A major component of the highly lucrative sports business is the content delivery value chain consisting of a number of players including the content creators - sports leagues; content aggregators - TV networks; content distributors - pay TV providers; advertisers - one of the main financiers in the value chain; and consumers. The relationships between the value chain players have been both cooperative and competitive, especially when the borders separating them became less defined due to backward and forward integration efforts of players. With the advancements in Internet content delivery and electronic devices, a new form of sports content consumption has emerged that has the potential to re-define the borders between the value chain players and to disrupt the industry. This new form of sports content consumption is Sports over IP (SpoIP, sports content consumption over the Internet). This thesis lays out four different scenarios about how the SpoIP disruption could play out in the value chain. It uses information from similar disruption in other industries and system dynamics modeling to present the ramification and likelihood of each scenario. This work predicts that the consumers will be the winner of SpoIP disruption because they will have access to good quality and cheaper sports content going forward.
by Halil Kiper.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
33
Whittington, J. M., E. J. Schoen, L. L. Labounty, R. Hamdy, Michael W. Ramsey, Margaret E. Stone, William A. Sands, G. Gregory Haff, and Michael H. Stone. "Bone Mineral Density and Contet of Collegiate Throwers: Influence of Maximum Strength." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4128.
Анотація:
AIM: Bone changes in size and density in response to different levels of stress. Alterations to bone mineral density (BMD) appear to occur in a site specific manner. Even though BMD has been examined in many populations there is a paucity of data looking at strength-power athletes, such as throwers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the BMD of a group of USA Division I collegiate throwers (e.g. shot put, discus, etc.). METHODS: Seven throwers (4 males; 3 females) who were 19.0 ± 0.9 years had their BMD compared to an age matched control group (n=14; 8 women and 6 men) and normative data. BMD was measured with dual X-ray absorptometry. Potential right/left side and sex difference in BMD were also examined. Maximal isometric strength was assessed using a mid-thigh pull while standing on a forceplate which generated force-time curves. Peak force (PF) and normalized peak force (PFa) were then correlated with BMDs. RESULTS: Generally, throwers had denser bones with male throwers tending to have a greater total BMD (P≤0.05). The dominant arm BMD was slightly greater when compared to non-dominant arm (P≤0.05). Furthermore, total body BMD was related to PF (r=0.68, r2 =0.46) and PFa (r=0.56, r2=0.31). CONCLUSIONS: Throwers have greater BMDs than non-athletes and most other athletes. However, throwers only showed a small indication of sidedness. It is likely that the BMDs observed in this study stem from the training intervention (e.g. whole body heavy lifting) undertaken by this population.
34
Roberts, Simon John. "Pedagogical content knowledge for model-based instruction: an assessment of teaching games for understanding and sport education in physical education & sports coaching." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582847.
Анотація:
This thesis includes seven peer reviewed publications focused on alternative, constructivist forms of games teaching instruction within both physical education and sports coaching environments. The research aimed to establish the pedagogic challenges associated with teaching and learning alternative forms of instruction as well as designing, validating and implementing a specific games teaching observation system, termed: The System for Observing the Teaching of Games in Physical Education (SOTG-PE). The qualitative data revealed that teaching and learning alternative constructivist forms of instruction, such as Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) and Sport Education (SE) can be difficult and challenging for both student teachers, Initial Teacher Education (ITE) tutors, sports coaches and members of the coach education workforce. Specifically, the sports coaches reported concerns surrounding conceptual, pedagogical, cultural and political dilemmas associated with learning selected constructivist principles. These included a lack of pedagogic content knowledge, maintaining a 'true' constructivist approach, negative implications in the coach/athlete relationship and a shortage of professional development opportunities. In comparison, the ITE tutors openly expressed philosophical concerns surrounding the constructivist nature of SE. They rejected the student centered nature of SE, and found difficulty in coping with a number of the pedagogic requirements. The quantitative data revealed that ITE students were motivated by the potential marriage of both TGfU and SE, however, this supposition requires additional support. There was a significant increase in student motivation from pre- intervention to post (p < .05). There were also significant increases in student effort (p < .05) and perceived levels of teaching competence (p < .05). In the validation study the mean retest coefficients to determine inter-observer reliability for the System for Observing the Teaching of Games in Physical Education (SOTG-PE) were child activity (p >.92, lesson context p> .93 and teacher intera ti 8 c tons p <. 9). Spearman's rank order correlations revealed a significant 1 ..,,----- positive relationship between student inactivity and general management (r = .62,p < .01). There were also significant negative relationships between student inactivity and locomotion (r = 0.-78,p < .05), motor response (r =.-60,p < .05), and full-game (r =.-49,p < .05). A significant positive relationship was found between motor response and applied skill practice (r = .52, P < .02). There was also a significant positive relationship between technical practice and motor/locomotion (r = .41, P < .02) and verbally promoting technical behaviour (r = .49p < .05). A significant inverse association was observed between verbally promoting tactical behaviour and technical practice (r =.-48, p < .05), however a significant positive relationship was found between verbally promoting tactical behaviour and modified game (r = .46,p < .01). There were no significant differences in the percentage of time the pupils were engaged in the various pupil activity codes across various games categories. However, there were significant differences in the time spent in the warm up (X2 (2) 12.0,p = .02), general management (X2 (2) 8.18,p = .01), technical practice (t (2) 4.81,p = .01), applied skill practice (X2 (2) 8.33,p = .01) and modified game (X2 (2) 4.80,p = .01). Teacher interactions also differed significantly between various games categories with teachers preferring to promote verbal technical behaviour (X2 (2) = 8.18, P < .05), more often than verbal tactical behaviour (X2 (2) = 7.41, P <.05). It is clear from the qualitative data that constructivist principles are difficult to learn and teach. The findings from the systematic observational studies appear to support this supposition as there was little evidence to support the use of modified games and selected constructivist principles.
35
Carroll, Kevin M., Jake R. Bernard, and Michael H. Stone. "Comparing Muscle Hypertrophy and Myosin Heavy Chain Content Between Relative Intensity and Repetition Maximum Resistance Training." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4575.
36
Portes, Rémi. "Le sport amateur et le risque." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10049/document.
Анотація:
Le sport amateur, dans nos sociétés modernes, tient une place de plus en plus importante dans la vie quotidienne des français. Environ 17 millions d'entre eux sont licenciés dans un club ou une association sportive et plus de 45 millions déclarent pratiquer une activité sportive au moins une fois par semaine. Cependant, s'il est devenu une activité sociétale, le sport n'en demeure pas moins une activité à risques. Ainsi, le sport pouvant conduire à la réalisation de dommages, des mécanismes particuliers de responsabilité et d'assurance ont été mis en place pour garantir une protection efficace du sportif, notamment amateur. Le Droit s'est ainsi attaché à créer des normes juridiques pour informer, encadrer, diriger, sanctionner, lorsque cela est nécessaire, la pratique sportive. Dans cette optique, la mise en jeu des responsabilités, leurs déterminations et leurs applications, ont conduit les acteurs du sport à se questionner sur les risques que leur activité induit. Ces derniers découlent ainsi de la pratique même de l'activité, du matériel utilisé mais également du sportif lui-même et de son comportement. En outre, si une certaine acceptation de la prise de risque a pu être matérialisée, cette notion semble toutefois ne plus avoir les faveurs de la jurisprudence. En parallèle à l'organisation étatique du sport, il ne faut pas négliger l'apport des relations privées par l'intermédiaire du contrat. Ce mécanisme juridique est en effet présent dans le sport amateur et permet de gérer certaines relations entre ses acteurs. Cela a notamment été le cas avec l'émergence de l'économie du sport qui a considérablement développé la pratique contractuelle. Ainsi, et eu égard à sa simplicité de création, le contrat sera un moyen efficace pour organiser de façon globale les rapports entre les acteurs du sport amateur. Il permettra notamment au sportif d'appréhender de manière claire les dangers que l'activité sportive qu'il souhaite exercer suppose, et les risques qu'il sera amené à prendre. Dans ce cas, le contrat demeurera un moyen efficace d'information pour une pratique éclairée du sport amateurAmateur sport, in our modern societies, is getting more and more important in everyday French life. Around 17 million of French people are members of a sport club or a federation and more than 45 million declare to practice a sport at the minimum once a week. Even so it has become a social activity, sport remains a risky activity. In this way, sport can makes damages; special mechanisms of responsibility and insurance were built to guarantee an effective protection of the sportsman, especially the amateur. In this idea, law created juridical norms to inform, to lead, to manage, to punish, if necessary, the sport practice. From this point of view, the responsibilities, their determinations and their applications, made the sport actors to question their selves about the risks due to their activity. The risks arising from the practice of the activity, from the equipment and from the behavior of the sportsman. In addition, if a certain acceptance of the risk-taking could be materialized, this notion does not seem to have the favor of the jurisprudence. Coupled with the state organization of sport, the private relations through the contract are no matters to be neglected. This legal mechanism is part to the amateur sport and makes possible to manage effective relationships between its players. This was the case with the emergence of sport economy which has considerably developed the contracting practice. Therefore, thanks to the simplicity of creation, the contract will be an efficient way to organize on the whole the relations between the players of the amateur sport. It will enable the sportsman to appreciate, in a clear manner, the dangers from the activity and the risks he will take. In this case, the contract remains an effective way to inform a “clear” practice of the amateur sport
37
Henry, Mark. "Sports Content Viewership Motivations Across Digital Devices." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2154.
Анотація:
U.S. advertisers spent over $2 billion on sporting events in 2014 directing advertisements towards consumers through digital devices used such as televisions, computers, smartphones, and tablets. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify motivation factors that predict the intention to view sports content on digital devices. Knowing such factors is important for advertisers to prioritize distribution channels. Uses and gratification theory formed the theoretical framework for the study. The methodology adapted a survey that encapsulated 9 motives. The research questions examined what motives influenced sports viewership, what motives predicted the intention to view specific sports content, and the differences in viewing intention across sports content types. Data were collected through a survey administered to a qualified random sample of U.S. respondents with 525 responses received. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis to group the questions into motivation factors, multiple linear regression to determine the significance of these factors in predicting viewership intent, and nonparametric Friedman testing to determine what demographics influenced viewership. Findings included: (a) 8 factors explained 76% of the variance; (b) 8 motives were significant in predicting viewership intention, with Escape (β = .714) ranking the highest; and (c) younger viewers had a greater intent to consume content on digital devices other than television, with smartphones (M = .73) ranking the highest. Social change benefits include: (a) sports content providers and advertisers could target the right content and advertisement to maximize viewership retention and revenue, and (b) users could view their desired sports content on their chosen device.
38
Whittington, J. M., E. J. Shoen, L. L. Labounty, Jeremy A. Gentles, Jenna M. Kraska, Ann Marie Swisher, J. E. Keller, et al. "Bone Mineral Density and Content of Collegiate Throwers: Influence of Maximum Strength." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4094.
Анотація:
Bone is a plastic tissue, changing in density and size with different levels of stress. Furthermore, it appears that BMD is altered in a site specific manner. However, BMD has not been studied extensively in all types of athletes, particularly well trained strengthpower athletes, such as throwers. The pwpose of this study was to examine the BMD of USA Division I collegiate throwers (shot put, discus, etc.). BMD was compared to normative data and to different athletes. Measures of whole body maximum strength and throwing performance were correlated with BMDs. Potential right/left side and sex differences were examined. Athletes were 4 males, 3 females age 19.9 ± 0.9 years. BMD was measured with a DEXA Maximum isometric strength was measured using a midthigh pull standing on a force plate. Force time-curves were generated during the strength tests. Peale force (PF) and normalized pealc force (PFa) were correlated with BMDs. Comparison indicates throwers have denser bones compared to normative data and compared to other types of athletes. Male throwers tend to have greater total body BMD than female throwers (p < 0.05). Dominant arm showed slightly greater BMD compared to non-dominant (p < 0.05). Furthermore, BMD is related to PF (r = 0.68) and PFa (r = 0.56). Throwers have greater BMD's than non-athletes or most other types of athletes. However, throwers showed only a small indication of sidedness. These observations likely stem from their training program (whole body heavy loading).
39
Philippe, Damien. "Analyse socio-historique d’une politique de prévention par le sport : entre inflexions politiques et contexte local, l'exemple de la ville de Trappes." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN20034/document.
Анотація:
Depuis plusieurs décennies, les « banlieues populaires » sont au coeur de multiples dispositifs gouvernementaux, pour combattre la marginalisation de ces territoires et échapper au diktat de la violence urbaine. S’il existe bien une Politique de la Ville, les moyens mis en oeuvre, et en particulier dans le domaine de la prévention par le sport, sont discutés et discutables. C’est à partir d’une analyse locale, d’un exemple précis, la ville de Trappes, qu’on s’est questionné sur le pouvoir de ces politiques publiques de prévention par le sport.Pour comprendre le rôle du sport au sein de notre terrain d’analyse, un travail d’archives, d’observations et d’entretiens, avec un panel de soixante-quinze acteurs, a été réalisé. Tous les acteurs qui ont, ou qui ont eu, de près ou de loin, un rôle dans la commune, ont été rencontrés, afin de retracer l’histoire de la ville. En somme, on a cherché à analyser la genèse d’une politique de prévention par le sport, ses transformations, appréhender les conflits, déterminer les stratégies des acteurs, les enjeux de pouvoir, et évaluer les effets de cette politique sur la localité. On s’est intéressé à l’ensemble de l’action sportive communale.L’objectif de ce travail n’est pas d’inventorier les bonnes pratiques, mais plutôt de mettre en avant les préconisations nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre de ces politiques de prévention par le sport, c’est-à-dire la gestion de l’urgence et des conflits, la question du territoire, de l’espace, du public, et l’importance de l’évaluation. Il faut aussi prendre en compte l’importance du contexte local, de son histoire, de ses richesses, de ses acteurs, avant de mettre en place une action politique, d’où la nécessité de s’adapter à la situationFor the last few decades, the popular suburbs are at the heart of many governmental measures implied so as to combat the marginalization of these areas and to escape from the dictum of urban violence. If a town planning policy does indeed exist, the resources implemented particularly in the domain of prevention through sports are currently under discussion and many issues have yet to be discussed. Hence stemming from a local analysis of the town of Trappes we looked into the question of how influential these prevention through sports public policies really are.So as to better understand the role of sport in relation to our field of analysis, our work was axed around archive study, observations and interviews with a panel of about 75 participants. All of the participants who have or who have had a role to play in the district were met with in order to try to retrace the history of the town. Overall our aim was to look towards analyzing the genesis of prevention through sports public policies – the changes, the fear of conflict, the strategical definitions of the participants, power issues and the evaluation of the effects of this policy on the local district. We were also very interested in the global sporting action within the community.Through-out the study our aim was never to categorize the “right way of doing things” but moreover to put forward certain recommendations regarding the implementation of these prevention through sports policies – notably aspects such as emergency management, the notion of territory, of space, of the public system and the importance of evaluation. The importance of the local context must be also taken into account – its history, resources, actors – before implementing political actions hence it was also of utmost necessity to adapt oneself to each situation
40
Chartier, Marie-Christine. "Analyse des expériences des étudiants-athlètes en contexte de sport universitaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33996.
Анотація:
Le développement positif est une ligne de recherche basée sur le potentiel de succès et les forces des jeunes. Le sport organisé est un contexte présentant des composantes pouvant favoriser le développement positif du jeune (i.e., règles précises, fixation et atteinte d’objectifs, développement de relations interpersonnelles), etc. Plus précisément, le sport en contexte scolaire au secondaire a fait l’objet de la majorité des études sur le sujet, car les jeunes sont dans une période importante de leur développement identitaire. Le sport en contexte universitaire présente également plusieurs composantes qui font de lui un contexte potentiellement favorable au développement des étudiantsathlètes, tels un niveau élevé de responsabilité et des liens forts tissés entre les coéquipiers et les entraîneurs. De plus, le sport en contexte universitaire requiert une implication soutenue de la part de l’étudiant-athlète à travers le temps. Dans cette perspective, l’étude présentée dans ce mémoire visait à explorer les expériences des étudiants-athlètes dans le contexte du sport universitaire afin d’analyser si ce contexte est favorable à l’acquisition des habiletés de vie. Plus précisément, la question de recherche qui a guidé l’étude est : les étudiants-athlètes développent-ils des habiletés de vie au cours de leur expérience universitaire et, si oui, de quelle façon ? Pour ce faire, une étude narrative, jumelée à une étude de cas multiple a été réalisée. Quatre participants (deux athlètes en basketball et deux en volleyball) dans leur dernière année de sport universitaire ont été questionnés lors d’entretiens semi-structurés. Les résultats obtenus présentent trois composantes ayant eu une influence marquante sur les expériences sportives et personnelles des étudiants-athlètes : (a) le climat au sein duquel les étudiants-athlètes ont évolué, (b) le développement d’habiletés de vie et (c) leur ajustement au contexte et aux exigences du sport universitaire. Enfin, ce mémoire se conclut par une discussion portant sur les résultats, les limites de l’étude et les avenues de recherche futures.Positive youth development is a strength-based approach focussed on the youth’s developmental potential. Organized sport presents many components making it a favourable setting for positive youth development (i.e., a specific set of rules, goal setting opportunities, development of interpersonal relationships), etc. More precisely, the high-school sport setting has been the main area of focus for the research in that field, since high-school students are in an important phase of their identity development. The university sport setting also presents many components that make it a favourable setting for positive youth development, such as a high level of responsibility for the athletes and strong bonds between the athletes and the coaches. Furthermore, sport within the university setting requires a sustained implication of the athletes over time. In this optic, the research project presented in this study has for objective to explore the experiences of student-athletes within the university sport setting in order to analyze if this setting is favourable to the life skills development. More precisely, the research question guiding the study was: do student-athletes develop life skills throughout their university careers, and if so, how? To answer these questions, a narrative study, intermixed with a multiple case study was conducted. Four participants (two athletes in basketball and two in volleyball) were questioned during semi-structured interviews. The results obtained presented three main components having a meaningful influence on their sporting and personal experiences as student-athletes: (a) the climate in which they evolved, (b) the life skills development, and (c) the adjustment to the university sport setting and its demands. This study concludes with a discussion on the results, the limits and the future research avenues.
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Stuart, Charles A., and Michael H. Stone. "Reply to "Letter to the Editor: Comments on Stuart Et Al. (2016): 'myosin Content of Individual Human Muscle Fibers Isolated by Laser Capture Microdissection'"." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4675.
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Manirakiza, Désiré. "Sport et société en contexte africain. Analyse des enjeux sociaux du sport-loisir au Cameroun à l'ère de la mondialisation." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA1020.
Анотація:
Alors que la sociologie dominante soutient que, d’une part, la mondialisation du sport entraîne dans son sillage un processus d’uniformisation des cultures sportives et que,d’autre part, les sociétés postmodernes vouent un culte au loisir libre et désintéressé, l’idéeque défend cette thèse est que l’application d’une pareille lecture n’est pas inéluctable enAfrique en général et au Cameroun en particulier et ce, pour deux raisons au moins.Premièrement, même si l’impact du système mondial sur le champ ludosportif camerounaisest indéniable, l’étude des activités sportives dans leur spécificité nationale et leurssingularités pratiques montre que le sport, en tant que fait social, porte toujours les marquesde la société qui l’abrite. Deuxièmement, dans des pays moins avancés comme c’est le cas duCameroun, le loisir sportif, dans la mesure où il occasionne la rencontre d’une pluralitéd’acteurs aux statuts différents, ne peut pas être détaché des problèmes que vivent auquotidien les acteurs qu’il implique. Il est plutôt une ressource sociale et ne se comprendtotalement que lorsqu’on examine ce sur quoi il débouche en termes de relations, de réseaux,d’échanges de capitaux, etc. Sur la base d’une problématique s’insérant dans la perspectiveinteractionniste, et s’appuyant méthodologiquement sur une approche à la fois qualitative etquantitative, nos observations ont permis de constater que la pratique du sport collectif,notamment le football, le basketball et la course du week-end, ne repose pas simplement surdes besoins de loisir et de divertissement. Il s’agit aussi d’une arène (au sens militaire et sociologique) où s’affrontent des acteurs aux rationalités calculatrices protéiformesMeanwhile the dominant sociology assumes that globalization generates astandardization process of sports cultures, in one hand, and that postmodern societies are onlypracticing leisure in a free and disinterested spirit in another hand, this thesis is structuredaround the main idea that such an analytical trends are not adequate in Africa globally and inCameroon in particular for two reasons at least. Firstly, even if the globalization’s effects onCameroonian sports is not to be denied, the study of sports activities in their nationalspecificities and given the singularities of the practices displays the fact that, as a total socialphenomenon, sport always carries the brand of the society where it takes place. Secondly, inless developed countries as in Cameroon case, sport leisure, in the extend that it generates thecontact between numerous actors with different social statuses, can’t be separated from thedaily problems experienced by individuals involved. It is moreover a social resource andcould be totally understood only if it is examined in it outcomes in terms of relations, socialnetworks, exchange of capitals, etc. Taking root in an interactionist perspective, andexploiting both a quantitative and qualitative methodology, observing the Cameroonian sportleisure led to notice that the practice of collective sport, as football, basketball and theweekend race, is not motivated by the mere needs of leisure and entertainment. It is also anarena (in the military and sociological extend) where actors endowed with calculatingrationalities are confronting themselves
43
Nichols, Alexander Robert Lee. "Is Iceland a wet spot?" Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324299.
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Rapetsoa, Mokgadi Johanna. "Cumulative mild head injury (CMHI) in contact sports:an evaluation of pre and post season cognitive profiles rugby players compared with non-contact sport controls at the University of Limpopo(Turfloop Campus)." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1772.
Анотація:
Thesis (M.A.(Clinical Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015.The effect of Cumulative Mild Head Injury (CMHI) in contact sports, such as rugby, is seen increasingly at school level where more and more injuries are reported. Research on CMHI in contact sport is needed specifically amongst previously disadvantaged groups where little or no research has taken place. The research is thus intended to seek a better understanding of CMHI in the contact sport of rugby specifically amongst amateur players. A quantitative research approach was utilised with a quasi-experimental research design. A sample of 18 student rugby players and 18 volleyball (non-contact sport) controls was used. In terms of mean performances the tests did not reveal a consistent pattern of deficits which is typically associated with the effects of Cumulative Mild Head Injuries. There were significant results however, in terms of variability that suggests potential deficits in attention among the rugby group. The results are therefore indicative of a poorer overall cognitive profile for the rugby playing group. It is concluded that the increased variability may be displayed in individuals who suffer CMHI at an earlier age.
45
Cyr, Ciara Yvonne. "Attraction Process Among Identified Sport Fans." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1436.
Анотація:
Since automatic attention is given to beauty, and appearance is the first thing noticed upon meeting a person, one would assume attractiveness is the more important selection factor for a relationship partner. Theories such as the matching hypothesis and mortality salience dispute this idea. The matching hypothesis proposes selection occurs between individuals similar in attractiveness, not necessarily selecting the most attractive individual available. Mortality salience suggests attractiveness is used in selecting a partner for short-term relationships, but discounts physical attractiveness for long-term relationships. This theory proposes an ideal partner for a long-term relationship is selected based on similarity of beliefs. Mortality salience is centered on beliefs of religious groups, with which individuals can become highly identified. Individuals can also become highly identified with a sport team. This connection can be even stronger than the connection with a religious group. Since this connection is so strong, and identification with a religious group can influence selecting a partner, identification with a sport team might have a similar influence. This study attempts to bridge the gap from attraction and dating to sport fan identification. The first hypothesis is sport fans highly identified with the University of Kentucky men’s basketball team will rate a model fan for that team as more attractive than a model fan from a rival team. The second hypothesis is those fans will rate the model fan for the University of Kentucky’s basketball team as more attractive when prompted with a long-term relationship condition as opposed to a short term condition. Participants in this study completed demographics before being randomly assigned an opposite sex dating profile page. They were informed the website they were evaluating was either for people looking for long-term or short-term relationships. They completed a questionnaire about their opinion of the person in the profile, and the Sport Spectator Identification Scale for both the University of Kentucky and the University of Louisville men’s basketball teams. The hypotheses and previous research were not supported. This study did produce other interesting findings. The additional findings lend some support to the sociometer theory proposing self-esteem as an important relationship factor.
46
Tsui, Felix. "Determining impact intensities in contact sports." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8187.
Анотація:
Most sports Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) consist of varying levels of foam – more foam equals more protection. This has led to bulky, cumbersome PPE which restricts user movement. However, before existing PPE can be modified, their performance must be assessed and a baseline for necessary protection must be explicitly determined. This is a major limitation since current techniques for assessing PPE performance and impact intensity measurements from sport have used surrogate anvils and impactors which were not validated for the sports-related impact they tried to replicate. Through a series of independent studies, a better understanding of human impact response in sporting impacts was sought. This included investigating methods for improving the measurement of impact intensities in sports and the assessment of PPE performance. Human impact response revealed that tensed muscle led to a significant increase in impact force but was associated with less perceived discomfort. At low impact intensities common to sport, the increased local stiffness helped to dissipate impact energy and reduce soft tissue compression. As previous anvils omitted this soft tissue response, modifications were made to a martial arts dummy, BOBXL, to increase its biofidelity. This anvil was validated using in vivo kicks and an impact force – impact velocity relationship. Using this validated anvil, existing methods of assessing PPE performance were evaluated. Current methods were found to create artificially comparable levels of force but did so by using an incorrect effective mass and impact velocity. In all tests, PPE performance was found to depend on weight providing evidence of the ‘more protection, more foam' concept. As it is impractical to use in vivo kicks to assess PPE performance, kick kinematics were investigated to assess its variability in terms of the impact force – impact velocity relationship and its accuracy. This aided in the development of a mechanical kicking robot which could more properly assess PPE performance. This research was applied to the design of form-fitting, impact-mitigating sports PPE with the capability for integrated technology. Proposed amendments to the current methods of assessing PPE will help to develop better testing and better performing PPE in the future.
47
Verschave, Guy. "La socialisation par les sports collectifs : une approche conative auprès des enseignants d'éducation physique et sportive." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841201.
Анотація:
Cette étude porte sur les conations de socialisation chez les enseignants d'Education Physique et Sportive (EPS),éléments d'explication des choix de contenus d'enseignement proposés en sport collectif. Parallèlement, elle permet derepérer, dans les propositions de contenus, les différentes conceptions de la socialisation qu'ont les enseignants.Le cadre théorique retenu associe le modèle individualiste de Weber (1911) dans lequel l'individu gère ses actions dansl'art de se débrouiller et le modèle conatif développé par Bui-Xuân (1993, 1998), où l'inclination à agir dirigée par unsystème de valeurs incorporées va orienter l'action de l'être humain.L'hypothèse de travail était que le choix des contenus d'enseignement visant l'objectif de socialisation par les sportscollectifs détermine l'étape conative de socialisation dans laquelle se situe l'enseignant.La méthode s'appuie sur trois techniques principales et complémentaires :- L'analyse de la littérature scientifique et professionnelle,- Une enquête par questionnaire (n = 280),- Deux séries d'entretiens compréhensifs (avant : n = 9 ; après : n = 5).Les résultats mettent en évidence cinq étapes conatives : à l'étape 1 (émotionnelle), où l'enseignant, non spécialiste desport collectif, ne peut pas suivre la logique de socialisation précisée dans les textes car il est d'abord confronté auxobstacles à la socialisation ; à l'étape 2 (fonctionnelle), l'enseignant, non spécialiste de sport collectif, fait référence àl'objectif de socialisation présent dans les textes, mais il tâtonne et essaie de solliciter les élèves en fonction de leursdispositions ; à l'étape 3 (technique), l'enseignant, spécialiste ou non, est convaincu que les sports collectifs favorisent lasocialisation, et pour ce faire, il impose toutes les règles (socialisation passive) ; à l'étape 4 (contextuelle), l'enseignant,spécialiste de sport collectif, permet aux élèves de prendre des initiatives (socialisation active), mais celles-ci restent sousl'influence du contexte de la classe et du sport collectif retenu ; enfin, à l'étape 5 (expertise et création), l'élève est partieprenante de sa socialisation (socialisation active) qui est cependant placée sous l'influence des choix didactiques etpédagogiques de l'enseignant.Il est démontré, in fine, que le passage d'une étape à une autre répond à des conditions d'accumulation de facteurshiérarchisés.L'étude débouche sur la thèse : les conations de socialisation chez les enseignants d'EPS déterminent le choix des formeset des contenus d'enseignement en sport collectif.
48
Wilson, Shana M. "The Relationship between Superstitious Behaviors of Sports Fans, Team Identification, Team Location, and Game Outcome." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1056.
Анотація:
The present study examined how a fan's desire to participate in superstitious behaviors depends on team identification, team location, and game outcome. The study is a 2 (team identification: high vs. low) x 2 (game outcome: close game vs. blowout) x 2 (location of team: local vs. distant) between subjects factorial design. Participants for the current study included 234 students, recruited from undergraduate psychology classes at Western Kentucky University. Participants completed the Sport Spectator Identification Scale, read a randomly assigned vignette differing in team location and game outcome, and filled out the Superstition Questionnaire to measure their desire to complete superstitious behaviors based on the vignette. They also filled out the Desirability of Control Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales to account for the possible covariates of desirability of control and anxiety level. An analysis of the covariates showed that there were no significant correlations between desirability of control or anxiety level and the desire to complete superstitious behaviors. Results indicated that highly identified fans reported wanting to perform more superstitious behaviors than low identified fans. However, no main effect was found for game outcome or team location, and there were no interactions. This finding reiterated the importance of team identification and its effects on the fan. The study also brought new variables to the table, game type and team type, that could be used in future research.
49
Bold, Lisa Clare. "Cumulative mild head injury in contact sport: a comparison of the cognitive profiles of rugby players and non-contact sport controls with normative data." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002444.
Анотація:
This study investigates the effects of cumulative mild head injury on the cognitive functioning of elite rugby players. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to top national (Springbok) rugby players (n=26), national Under 21 rugby players (n= 19), and a non-contact sport control group of national hockey players (n=21). The test results of the Total Rugby group (Springbok Rugby and Under 21 Rugby players), the Under 21 Rugby group, the hockey controls, and the Total Rugby and Under 21 Rugby forward and backline players respectively, were each compared with established normative data. Results showed significant differences in the direction of a poorer performance relative to the norms for the Total Rugby and Under 21 Rugby groups, and for the Total Rugby Forwards and Under 21 Rugby Forwards, on tests sensitive to the effects of diffuse brain damage. On the other hand, the Hockey Control group and the Total Rugby Backs and Under 21 Rugby Backs tended to perform within the normal range or better than the norm on some tests. These results confirm the hypothesis that rugby players, and the forward players in particular, are at risk of adverse cognitive effects consequent on cumulative mild head injury. The theoretical implications are that the aggregate effects of multiple exposures to mild head injuries in the rugby players served to reduce their brain reserve capacities and acted as a threshold-lowering influence associated with symptom onset.
50
Ed-Dahbi, Malika. "La structuration et le développement du sport au Yémen Contexte et contraintes." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567221.
Анотація:
De « l'Arabie Heureuse » à la République du Yémen, le Yémen contemporain réunifié de 1990 connaît des difficultés de développement et de croissance, et reste un des pays les plus pauvres du monde marqué par d'importantes inégalités. Parmi les secteurs prioritaires de développement, le sport et son modèle occidental peut-il connaître un développement au Yémen ? Depuis son introduction vers 1900, par l'occupation Britannique au Yémen du Sud, le sport connaît une histoire coloniale jusqu'à sa réunification avec le Yémen du Nord. Le Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports, le mouvement sportif (fédérations et clubs), le mouvement olympique s'attèlent au développement du sport pour des fins de renforcement d'appartenance à la nation et de représentations internationales. Cependant, une multitude des blocages structurels est constatée aussi bien par les dirigeants que par la population jeune représentant les trois quarts de la population. Là où la place de la femme est souvent discriminatoire et réduite à l'espace clos de l'espace familial, la possibilité d'une pratique sportive féminine peut-elle être envisagée ? Entre culture occidentale et culture arabo-musulmane, comment le sport au Yémen se structure-t-il et se développe-t-il ?