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Статті в журналах з теми "Sports compression garments"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 січня 2023

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Ellis, Brett, Erin Kirkpatrick, Sonal Kothari Phan, Stacy Imler, and Haskell Beckham. "Measuring compression caused by garments." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 30, no. 2 (April 16, 2018): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-01-2017-0008.

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Purpose Stretch fabrics are employed to create compression in garments for medical, sports, and fitness applications. Although potential correlations between wearing compression garments and physiological or performance metrics have been studied, such correlations require knowledge of the actual compression caused by garments. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate, compare, and contrast different methods for measuring compression delivered by an exemplar compression garment. Design/methodology/approach The exemplar compression garment is a plain jersey knit maternity band. The compression delivered by this garment was determined via three different methods – Tekscan pressure mapping system, Hohenstein Measurement System (HOSY), and a fabric-based analytical model employing uniaxial fabric tensile data. Findings HOSY and the fabric-based model, assuming a circular cross section for the garment, provided comparable results for compression versus garment height. However, these methods did not capture the varying compression delivered at different transverse locations when the subject was noncircular in cross section. Assuming an elliptical cross section, the fabric-based model predicted results that were comparable to those measured by the Tekscan system: for example, compressions were approximately 130-160 percent greater at the hip, and approximately 60-100 percent lower at the posterior, than HOSY revealed. Further, the Tekscan system allows the effect of movement on compression to be captured. Originality/value This paper compares and contrasts three compression measurement methods and demonstrates the importance of angular position and height dependencies. Further, the fabric-based model is presented as a tool to assist design of compression garments.

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2

Kraemer, William J., Jill A. Bush, N. Travis Triplett-McBride, L. Perry Koziris, Lisa C. Mangino, Andrew C. Fry, Jeffrey M. McBride, et al. "Compression Garments." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 12, no. 4 (November 1998): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00124278-199811000-00001.

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3

Zamporri, Jacobo, and Arnel Aguinaldo. "The Effects of a Compression Garment on Lower Body Kinematics and Kinetics During a Drop Vertical Jump in Female Collegiate Athletes." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 232596711878995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118789955.

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Background: The use of compression garments has spread rapidly among athletes, largely because of marketing and perceived benefits. Upon review, it is unclear whether compression garments have a significant effect on performance and recovery, although they have been found to enhance proprioception. Further, it is reported that compression of the knee joint improves both dynamic and static balance. However, there is currently a paucity of data demonstrating the effects of compression garments on the biomechanical risk factors of knee-related injuries in female athletes. Purpose: To evaluate the ability of a directional compression garment to alter hip and knee kinematics and kinetics during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) in healthy college-aged female athletes. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A sample of 23 healthy female collegiate athletes (mean age, 19.6 ± 1.3 years) participating in jumping sports (volleyball, basketball, and soccer) was included in this analysis. Each athlete performed 2 sets of 3 DVJs with and without a directional compression garment. Three-dimensional hip and knee kinematics and kinetics were collected using a standard Helen-Hayes 29-marker set, which was removed and reapplied after the garment was fitted, as well as 8 visible-red cameras and 2 force platforms. Each participant was tested in a single session. Results: Hip abduction range of motion was significantly reduced from 12.6° ± 5.5° to 10.2° ± 4.6° ( P = .002) while performing DVJs without and with the compression garment, respectively. No statistically significant differences between conditions were found in peak hip abduction, knee valgus range of motion, peak valgus, peak hip abduction moment, and peak knee valgus moment. Conclusion: The results of this study show that wearing compression garments does have minimal effects on lower body mechanics during landing from a DVJ, partially supporting the idea that compression garments could acutely alter movement patterns associated with the knee injury risk. However, further research should focus on muscle activation patterns and adaptations over time. Clinical Relevance: The use of specifically designed compression garments could aid in the prevention of knee injuries by inducing changes in jumping mechanics.

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4

Xiong, Ying, and Xiaoming Tao. "Compression Garments for Medical Therapy and Sports." Polymers 10, no. 6 (June 14, 2018): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10060663.

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5

Geldenhuys, A. Grethe, Jeroen Swart, and Andrew Bosch. "Investigation of the Impact of Below-Knee Compression Garments on Markers of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Performance in Endurance Runners: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 11, no. 3 (April 29, 2019): 254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738119837644.

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Background: Compression garment utilization is very popular among runners despite a lack of consensus in the literature regarding a beneficial impact. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of training and competing with compression garments on exercise-induced muscle damage and performance in ultramarathon runners. Hypothesis: Compression garments will reduce the severity of exercise-induced muscle damage and improve performance in long-distance runners compared with control conditions. Study Design: Prospective, randomized controlled trial. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Methods: The study was conducted in healthy, uninjured endurance runners (n = 41) participating in a 56-km ultramarathon. The experimental group (n = 20; 14 males, 6 females) trained for 6 weeks and participated in the race wearing below-knee compression garments while the control group (n = 21; 15 males, 6 females) did not. Participants were tested on 4 occasions for various markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and running performance. Results: Ankle circumference measurements increased significantly less ( P = 0.01, Cohen d = 0.9) in the experimental group from immediately after until 2 days post-race compared with the control group. No further statistically significant changes were detected over time in midcalf circumferences, muscle architecture, or race performance. Selected pain ratings were statistically significant and worse in the experimental group. Conclusion: There are limited indications of a beneficial impact of compression garments with improvements in ankle circumference measurements. No ergogenic impact was detected. Clinical Relevance: There is limited evidence to support the continued utilization of commercially available below-knee compression garments during running for the purpose of muscle recovery or as a performance aid.

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6

Barhoumi, H., S. Marzougui, and S. Ben Abdessalem. "Clothing Pressure Modeling Using the Modified Laplace’s Law." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 38, no. 2 (October 8, 2019): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x19880270.

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Today, various kinds of pressure garments are designed for specific applications in medical and sports fields. Knitted garments are the most used in these applications due to their high extensibility. The objective of the investigation reported in this article was to develop a theoretical relationship based on Laplace’s law, which describes the compression behavior of knitted compression samples in quasi-static deformation from an initially relaxed state to an extended state. Even though several researchers have used Laplace’s law, there is some discord between theoretical and experimental results. So, it is essential to pinpoint the most important parameters that influence the mechanical properties of the compression knitted garment in order to better describe the interface pressure it applies to the human body. Fabric parameters that influenced the interface pressure, such as elasticity modulus, strain, and thickness, were determined and integrated into Laplace’s law.

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7

J Washington, Nathan, Peter J Clothier, Clare MacMahon, Kurt Mudie, Kenneth S Graham, and Kylie A Steel. "Lower limb compression garments do not influence dynamic and static balance performance in young males." International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science 9, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.9n.3p44.

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Background: Some studies show that wearing compression garments (CGs) improves balance performance. However, the overall evidence supporting their use for balance improvement is inconclusive. Objective: This study aimed to further explore the effect of CGs on balance. Method: Using a cross sectional within subjects repeated measures design fourteen participants (27 ± 3 years) completed three trials for each of four balance tests, under three conditions: compression garment, no garment, and sham. Subjective performance and garment rating scores were also collected following each test condition. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to compare derived variables between conditions for each balance test. Results: No significant differences were found across conditions or tests for either balance performance or subjective measures. Conclusions: This study demonstrated CGs did not influence dynamic or static balance performance in healthy young males. Further, in contrast to other research this study did not demonstrate an effect of compression garments on dynamic or static balance in healthy young males. However, it remains that CGs may provide benefit in other populations including those with balance and movement deficit disorders.

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8

Fu, Weijie, Yu Liu, and Ying Fang. "Research Advancements in Humanoid Compression Garments in Sports." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 10, no. 1 (January 2013): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/54560.

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9

Struhár, Ivan, Michal Kumstát, and Dagmar Moc Králová. "Effect of Compression Garments on Physiological Responses After Uphill Running." Journal of Human Kinetics 61, no. 1 (March 23, 2018): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0136.

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Abstract Limited practical recommendations related to wearing compression garments for athletes can be drawn from the literature at the present time. We aimed to identify the effects of compression garments on physiological and perceptual measures of performance and recovery after uphill running with different pressure and distributions of applied compression. In a random, double blinded study, 10 trained male runners undertook three 8 km treadmill runs at a 6% elevation rate, with the intensity of 75% VO2max while wearing low, medium grade compression garments and high reverse grade compression. In all the trials, compression garments were worn during 4 hours post run. Creatine kinase, measurements of muscle soreness, ankle strength of plantar/dorsal flexors and mean performance time were then measured. The best mean performance time was observed in the medium grade compression garments with the time difference being: medium grade compression garments vs. high reverse grade compression garments. A positive trend in increasing peak torque of plantar flexion (60o·s-1, 120o·s-1) was found in the medium grade compression garments: a difference between 24 and 48 hours post run. The highest pain tolerance shift in the gastrocnemius muscle was the medium grade compression garments, 24 hour post run, with the shift being +11.37% for the lateral head and 6.63% for the medial head. In conclusion, a beneficial trend in the promotion of running performance and decreasing muscle soreness within 24 hour post exercise was apparent in medium grade compression garments.

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10

Angelakos, Ioannis, Chris Mills, and Joseph O’Halloran. "The Effects of Compression Garments on Stability and Lower Limb Kinematics During a Forward Lunge." Journal of Human Kinetics 71, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0074.

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AbstractCompression garments have been used to minimise injury risk, through improvements in stability and joint positioning; yet, it is unclear whether there is an optimal length or tightness of these garments that may maximise observed benefits. This study measured the effect of three different garment types, at two different tightness levels, on lower extremity stability and alignment during a forward lunge movement. Sixteen healthy adults (7 female, 9 male; 24.3 ± 2.9 years) were recruited as participants. Stability of the lead foot, as well as lower body joint kinematics, were recorded using an Oqus 12-camera system, surrounding participants as they executed three forward lunges onto a Matscan pressure mat under seven compression conditions (Control, Light/Heavy Calf, Light/Heavy Socks, Light/Heavy Leggings). Mean minimum time-to-boundary (mmTtB) (derived from centre of pressure measures) and frontal plane kinematics (lateral pelvic tilt, knee valgus, ankle inversion/eversion) were used to assess the effect of garment tightness and length on lunge stability and joint alignment, respectively. A significant effect of tightness on mmTtB was observed (F(1,105) = 8.192; p = .005, η2 = .072), with Heavy garments eliciting longer mmTtB compared to their corresponding Light (-.18 ± .06 s; p = .015) or Control (-.28 ± .09 s; p = .007) conditions. No significant effects of garment tightness or length on lower body kinematics were evident. The results of this study suggest stability during a forward lunge is improved through the use of tight-fitted compression garments.

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11

Pajero Otero, Violeta, Esther García Delgado, Concepción Martín Cortijo, Helena María Romay Barrero, Esperanza de Carlos Iriarte, and Juan Avendaño-Coy. "Kinesio taping versus compression garments for treating breast cancer–related lymphedema: a randomized, cross-over, controlled trial." Clinical Rehabilitation 33, no. 12 (September 9, 2019): 1887–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215519874107.

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Objective: To determine the effectiveness of Kinesio taping compared to compression garments during maintenance phase of complex decongestive therapy for breast cancer–related lymphedema. Design: Randomized, cross-over, controlled trial. Setting: Outpatient tertiary-level hospital rehabilitation setting. Subjects: Randomized sample of 30 women with breast cancer–related lymphedema. Interventions: Participants received two interventions, Kinesio taping and compression garment, both lasting four weeks, whose order was randomized by blocks. A four-week washout period was established prior to the interventions and between them. Measurements: The main outcome was the lymphedema Relative Volume Change. Secondary outcomes were range of motion of arm joints, self-perception of comfort, and lymphedema-related symptoms (pain, tightness, heaviness, and hardness). Results: The decrease in the Relative Volume Change was greater in the Kinesio taping intervention (–5.7%, SD = 2.0) compared to that observed using compression garments (–3.4%, SD = 2.9) ( P < 0.001). The range of motion of five upper-limb movements increased after applying taping (between 5.8° and 16.7°) ( P < 0.05), but not after compression ( P > 0.05). In addition, taping was perceived as more comfortable by patients (between 2.4 and 3 points better than compression in four questions with a 5-point scale ( P < 0.001)) and further reduced lymphedema-related symptoms compared to compression (between 0.96 and 1.40 points better in four questions with a 6-point scale ( P < 0.05)). Conclusion: Kinesio taping was more effective than compression garments for reducing the lymphedema volume, with less severe lymphedema-related symptoms, better improvement of upper-limb mobility, and more comfort.

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12

Pérez-Soriano, P., Á. García-Roig, R. Sanchis-Sanchis, and I. Aparicio. "Influence of compression sportswear on recovery and performance: A systematic review." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 9 (March 21, 2018): 1505–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718764912.

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Compression garments are becoming increasingly popular among sportspeople who wish to improve performance and reduce their exercise discomfort and risk of injury. However, evidence for such effects is scarce. This paper presents the evidence following a review of the literature evaluating the effects of the application of compression garments on sports performance and recovery after exercise. The literature reviewed was the result of a search on the Web of Science, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus electronic databases for studies which analysed the effect of compression garments on physiological, psychological, and biomechanical parameters during and after exercise. These search criteria were met by 40 studies. Most studies do not demonstrate any beneficial effect on performance, immediate recovery, or delay in the appearance of muscle pain. They do, however, show a positive trend towards a beneficial effect during recovery: the subsequent performance improved in five of the eight studies where it was measured, and the perception of muscle damage was reduced in five of six studies. In summary, the use of compression garments during recovery from exercise appears to be beneficial, although the factors explaining this efficacy have yet to be established. No adverse effects of the use of compression garments have been demonstrated.

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Beaven, C. Martyn, Christian Cook, David Gray, Paul Downes, Ian Murphy, Scott Drawer, John R. Ingram, Liam P. Kilduff, and Nicholas Gill. "Electrostimulation’s Enhancement of Recovery During a Rugby Preseason." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 8, no. 1 (January 2013): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.1.92.

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Rugby preseason training involves high-volume strength and conditioning training, necessitating effective management of the recovery-stress state to avoid overtraining and maximize adaptive gains.Purpose:Compression garments and an electrostimulation device have been proposed to improve recovery by increasing venous blood flow. These devices were assessed using salivary testosterone and cortisol, plasma creatine kinase, and player questionnaires to determine sleep quality, energy level, mood, and enthusiasm.Methods:Twenty-five professional rugby players were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (compression garment or a concurrent combination of electrostimulation and compression) in a crossover design over 2 × 2-wk training blocks.Results:Substantial benefits were observed in self-assessed energy levels (effect size [ES] 0.86), and enthusiasm (ES 0.80) as a result of the combined treatment when compared with compression-garment use. The combination treatment had no discernable effect on salivary hormones, with no treatment effect observed. The electrostimulation device did tend to accelerate the return of creatine kinase to baseline levels after 2 preseason rugby games when compared with the compression-garment intervention (ES 0.61; P = .08).Conclusions:Electrostimulation elicited psychometric and physiological benefits reflective of an improved recovery-stress state in professional male rugby players when combined with a lower-body compression garment.

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14

Kraemer, William J., Jill A. Bush, N. Travis Triplett-McBride, L. Perry Koziris, Lisa C. Mangino, Andrew C. Fry, Jeffrey M. McBride, et al. "Compression Garments: Influence on Muscle Fatigue." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 12, no. 4 (1998): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(1998)012<0211:cgiomf>2.3.co;2.

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15

O., Troynikov, E. Ashayeri, Burton M., Subic A., F. Alam, and S. Marteau. "Factors influencing the effectiveness of compression garments used in sports." Procedia Engineering 2, no. 2 (June 2010): 2823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.04.073.

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16

Haegele, Matthias, Billy Sperlich, Simon Nitsch, and Joachim Mester. "Compression Garments And Exercise - The Effect Of Three Different Garments On Endurance Capacity." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (May 2009): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000353286.34218.49.

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17

Davies, Vanessa, Kevin G. Thompson, and Stephen-Mark Cooper. "The Effects of Compression Garments on Recovery." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 23, no. 6 (September 2009): 1786–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b42589.

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18

Lee, Daniel Chi Wo. "Sports Compression Garments Enhance Recovery Hemodynamics and Subsequent Time-Trial Performance." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 51, Supplement (June 2019): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000562434.92269.f7.

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19

Gallaher, E., L. Boyd, N. Stepto, R. Snow, and R. Aughey. "Compression garments enhance recovery following Australian Football training." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 13 (December 2010): e39-e40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2010.10.545.

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20

Pinto, Nelson, Maria José Abreu, and André Paulo de Almeida Whiteman Catarino. "Wear Trials about Comfort on Sport Compression Socks." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 57 (July 22, 2022): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ci8p3o.

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Compression garments has emerged as an important tool in sport activity [1, 2]. In the particular case of compression socks (CS), several studies show that their use improves the fatigue recovery and prevents muscle injuries [3-6]. The aim of this research work is to perform the characterization of sports socks regarding their comfort and compression. Several parameters were monitored in volunteers during a running test. This test was performed in a non-inclined treadmill for 12 minutes at 12km/h. PicoPress equipment was used to recording the compression force; Thermodata sensors were used to monitor the temperature and humidity; Wrist pulse oximeter was used to measure the oxygen saturation and heart rate; and thermal imaging with a TESTO IR camera was used for thermal component evaluation. Wearing compression socks seem to return better conditions for comfort, muscle stability and muscle fatigue because the main conclusions of the test show that the volunteers feel better at muscle stability (MS) and no fatigue after 24 hours of running.

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Cotter, Joshua A., Makenzie R. Stade, Bria G. Morse, and Evan E. Schick. "Graded Compression Garments Worn During Resistance Exercise: Impact on Muscle Damage, Fatigue, and Oxygenation in Untrained Individuals." International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science 10, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.51.

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Background: Use of compression garments during and after exercise has gained notable popularity, yet their utility in augmenting performance and recovery from resistance exercise remains elusive. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of wearing compression garments during resistance exercise on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), muscle fatigue and muscle oxygenation. Methods: Ten healthy, untrained individuals (8 females, 2 males, 22.10 ± 2.23 years, 159.09 ± 3.47 cm, 66.22 ±15.93 kg; mean ± SD) performed two exercise trials in a randomized crossover (within-subject) design: 1) with compression garments worn on the legs and 2) without compression. Exercise trials were randomized and separated by seven days. Participants performed 12 sets of 10 maximal repetitions of knee extension, at a velocity of 120 degrees per second, in the CON/ECC mode of a HUMAC NORM isokinetic dynamometer. Muscle oxygenation of the vastus medialis oblique was assessed using time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TRS-21, Hamamatsu). Leg circumference, ratings of perceived muscle soreness (RPMS) and blood samples for creatine kinase (CK) were collected before, immediately after, and 24, 48 and 72 hours after exercise. Results: Total hemoglobin (p = 0.021) and deoxyhemoglobin (p 0.001) were significantly reduced by 8.6% and 9.2% respectively with compression compared to control. No significant differences were found in oxyhemoglobin, oxygen saturation, muscle fatigue, leg circumference, RPMS and CK (p = 0.0791) between conditions. Conclusions: Although lower body compression worn during resistance exercise reduced total hemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin, there was no impact on muscle fatigue, RPMS, leg circumference or CK.

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Bennett, Tylor, Jennifer Talaski, Kara A. Stone, Allison M. Barry, Kyle J. Hackney, and Donna J. Terbizan. "Use Of Compression Garments For Recovery From Plyometric Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S (May 2017): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000519958.17605.f5.

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Hill, Jessica A., Glyn Howatson, Ken A. van Someren, Ian Walshe, and Charles R. Pedlar. "Influence of Compression Garments on Recovery After Marathon Running." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 28, no. 8 (August 2014): 2228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000000469.

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Hill, J., G. Howatson, K. van Someren, S. Davidson, and C. Pedlar. "PRESSURES EXERTED BY COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE LOWER LIMB COMPRESSION GARMENTS." British Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 7 (March 11, 2014): 608.2–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.131.

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Oficial-Casado, FJ, I. Aparicio, I. Julian-Rochina, M. Blanes, and P. Perez-Soriano. "Effects of a fatiguing run in popliteal vein flow using sports compression socks." Journal of Industrial Textiles 49, no. 7 (October 3, 2018): 967–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718804202.

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Introduction Although the use of sports compression socks is becoming more popular, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the helpfulness of these garments for physical movement or sports use. One of the main effects attributed to the use of compression sock is the facilitation of venous blood flow return which is thought to improve performance and recovery. Methodology In this study, 10 trained runners performed 2 treadmill running tests for 30 min to 75% of their maximum aerobic speed, without sports socks (control) and with different sports compression socks. We measured popliteal vein flow volume before and after each test using magnetic resonance imaging. Results and discussion No differences were observed between the conditions before the test ( p > 0.05), but there were differences between the high compression socks condition and the control after the test ( p < 0.05). Exercise increased the venous flow in both legs in the control ( p < 0.001) as well as in the right leg with the high compression sock type ( p < 0.01) but there were no differences in the behaviour of the different sock compression levels ( p > 0.05). Conclusion The use of sports compression socks with different levels of compression does not increase the volume of venous blood return via the popliteal vein in trained athletes after running for 30 min.

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Broatch, James R., David J. Bishop, and Shona Halson. "Lower Limb Sports Compression Garments Improve Muscle Blood Flow and Exercise Performance During Repeated-Sprint Cycling." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, no. 7 (August 1, 2018): 882–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0638.

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Purpose: Evidence supporting the use of lower-limb compression garments during repeated-sprint exercise (RSE) with short rest periods, where performance will rely heavily on aerobic metabolism, is lacking. Methods: A total of 20 recreationally active participants completed 2 cycling RSE sessions, with and without lower-limb compression tights. The RSE session consisted of 4 sets of 10 × 6-s maximal sprints on a wind-braked cycle ergometer, interspaced by 24 s of recovery between bouts and 2 min of recovery between sets. Muscle oxygen consumption () of, and blood flow (mBF) to, the right vastus lateralis muscle was measured during exercise using near-infrared spectroscopy and venous/arterial occlusions of the right lower limb. Cycling performance, oxygen consumption (), heart rate, and capillary blood samples (lactate, pH, bicarbonate, and base excess) were also measured/taken throughout the session. Results: Compared with control, peak power (40.7 [19.9] W; mean ± 95% confidence intervals) and mBF (0.101 [0.061] mL·min−1·100 g−1) were higher, and heart rate (2 [1] beats/min) was lower, when participants wore compression (P < .05). , , blood lactate, and heart rate increased as a result of exercise (P < .05), with no differences between conditions. Similarly, blood pH, bicarbonate, and base excess decreased as a result of exercise (P < .05), with no difference between conditions. Conclusions: Wearing lower-limb compression tights during RSE with short intervals of rest improved cycling performance, vastus lateralis mBF, and heart rate. These results provide novel data to support the notion that lower-limb compression garments aid RSE performance, which may be related to local and/or central blood flow.

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Subramanium, Ashna, Sandro R. Nigg, and Jared R. Fletcher. "Effects Of Lower Body Compression Garments On Recovery And Performance." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 54, no. 9S (September 2022): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000881948.55766.cf.

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Shim, J., B. K. Doan, E. M. Popper, R. A. Rogers, L. R. Bolt, M. Robertson, Y. Kwon, R. U. Newton, and W. J. Kraemer. "THE INFLUENCE OF LOWER-BODY COMPRESSION GARMENTS ON ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 33, no. 5 (May 2001): S239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200105001-01340.

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BROATCH, JAMES R., NED BROPHY-WILLIAMS, ELISSA J. PHILLIPS, STEVEN J. O’BRYAN, SHONA L. HALSON, SHANNON BARNES, and DAVID J. BISHOP. "Compression Garments Reduce Muscle Movement and Activation during Submaximal Running." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 3 (March 2020): 685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002182.

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Carvalho, Jean, Marcos Roberto Kunzler, Jose Ignacio Priego-Quesada, Inmaculada Aparicio, Pedro Pérez-Soriano, Álvaro Sosa Machado, and Felipe Pivetta Carpes. "Effects of 24 h Compression Interventions with Different Garments on Recovery Markers during Running." Life 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090905.

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Compression and temperature manipulation are discussed as strategies to improve performance markers and recovery in sports. Here, we investigate the effects of compression stockings made with fabric, either combined or not with heating and cooling substances, on variables related to running performance and recovery. Ten trained runners (mean ± standard deviation age 45 ± 9 years old, body mass 69 ± 7 kg, height 166 ± 4 cm) with no experience of using compression garments performed an intense running session of 10 km, then wore a stocking for 24 h (randomized; without compression, compression, compression with camphor, and compression with menthol), and were evaluated on the following day, after running 5 km. The different types of compression stockings used 24 h before exercise did not affect running kinematics (p > 0.14), skin temperature (p > 0.05), heart rate (p > 0.12; mean value of maximal heart rate 156 bpm), comfort perception (p = 0.13; mean value of 7/10 points), or perception of recovery (p = 0.13; mean value of 7/10 points). In general, there were no effects of 24 h pre-exercise lower leg compression, including those treated with menthol and camphor applications on running kinematics, skin temperature, heart rate, or recovery perception in athletes undertaking consecutive running exercises.

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Valle, X., L. Til, F. Drobnic, A. Turmo, J. B. Montoro, O. Valero, and R. Artells. "Compression garments to prevent delayed onset muscle soreness in soccer players." Muscle Ligaments and Tendons Journal 03, no. 04 (January 2019): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.32098/mltj.04.2013.10.

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32

Toolis, Tom, and Kerry McGawley. "The Effect of Compression Garments on Performance in Elite Winter Biathletes." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0790.

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Purpose: To evaluate the effects of wearing upper- and lower-body compression garments on cross-country skiing performance in elite winter biathletes. Methods: A total of 7 senior biathletes (4 men and 3 women) from the Swedish national team performed 2 exercise trials in a randomized and counterbalanced order, wearing either commercially available upper- and lower-body compression garments (COMP) or a standard winter-biathlon racing suit (CON). In each trial, the athletes roller-skied on a customized treadmill, completing a time trial simulating the skiing duration of a biathlon sprint race, followed by a time-to-exhaustion test designed to elicit exhaustion within ∼60 to 90 seconds. Heart rate, blood lactate concentration, rating of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and thermal comfort were monitored throughout each trial, while muscle soreness was measured up to 48 hours after each trial. Results: Pressure exerted by the clothing was significantly higher at all anatomical sites for COMP compared with CON (P ≤ .002). Wearing COMP led to small positive effects on time-trial (d = 0.31) and time-to-exhaustion test (d = 0.31) performances compared with CON, but these differences were not statistically significant (P > .05). No significant differences were found for any physiological (heart rate or blood lactate concentration) or subjective (rating of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, thermal comfort, or muscle soreness) responses between COMP and CON (P > .05). Conclusion: Wearing COMP during maximal cross-country skiing may have small but worthwhile beneficial effects on performance for some individuals. Due to individual variation, athletes are advised to test COMP prior to competition.

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Scanlan, Aaron T., Benjamin J. Dascombe, Peter R.J. Reaburn, and Mark Osborne. "The Effects of Wearing Lower-Body Compression Garments During Endurance Cycling." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 3, no. 4 (December 2008): 424–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.3.4.424.

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Purpose:The present investigation examined the physiological and performance effects of lower-body compression garments (LBCG) during a one-hour cycling time-trial in well-trained cyclists.Methods:Twelve well-trained male cyclists ([mean ± SD] age: 20.5 ± 3.6 years; height: 177.5 ± 4.9 cm; body mass: 70.5 ± 7.5 kg; VO2max: 55.2 ± 6.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) volunteered for the study. Each subject completed two randomly ordered stepwise incremental tests and two randomly ordered one-hour time trials (1HTT) wearing either full-length SportSkins Classic LBCG or underwear briefs (control). Blood lactate concentration ([BLa−]), heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2) and muscle oxygenation (mOxy) were recorded throughout each test. Indicators of cycling endurance performance were anaerobic threshold (AnT) and VO2max values from the incremental test, and mean power (W), peak power (W), and total work (kJ) from the 1HTT Magnitude-based inferences were used to determine if LBCG demonstrated any performance and/or physiological benefits.Results:A likely practically significant increase (86%:12%:2%; η2 = 0.6) in power output at AnT was observed in the LBCG condition (CONT: 245.9 ± 55.7 W; LBCG: 259.8 ± 44.6 W). Further, a possible practically significant improvement (78%:19%:3%; η2 = 0.6) was reported in muscle oxygenation economy (W·%mOxy−1) across the 1HTT (mOxy: CONT: 52.2 ± 12.2%; LBCG: 57.3 ± 8.2%).Conclusions:The present results demonstrated limited physiological benefits and no performance enhancement through wearing LBCG during a cycling time trial.

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Creer, Andrew, Kelsee Soelberg, Skyler Peterson, Dillon Hepworth, and Michael Bohne. "The Effect of Graduated Compression Garments on Foot Volume During Running." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (May 2016): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000486405.68397.1f.

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Lambert, S., and F. Dongas. "The effects of Skins™ compression garments on upper body strength." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 9 (December 2006): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006.12.015.

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Lin, Yinglei, Yi Li, Lei Yao, Guoru Zhao, and Lei Wang. "Effects of deep knee flexion on skin pressure profile with lower limb device: A computational study." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 17-18 (February 9, 2020): 1962–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520902275.

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Knee flexion behavior alters the contact pressure distribution exerted by compression devices during exercise. This study aimed to develop a three-dimensional dynamic finite element model of the lower limb with detailed bony structures, wearing a compression device with higher pressure over the calf, and then to quantify and compare the garment–body interface contact pressure and the cross-section pressure gradient deviation in standing and deep knee flexion postures (30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of knee flexion). Contact pressure experiment on seven muscle points was applied to validate the model. The cross-section pressure gradient deviation was calculated on landmarks based on deviation along the four axial pathways from the average cross-section pressure gradients. In general, the results demonstrated that the whole pressure profile gradually decreased from the ankle to the thigh with higher compression on the calf in a standing position. Cross-section pressure gradient deviation resulted in a dramatic increase of ∼100% and ∼110% on positions B1 and D on the anterior of calf at 60° flexion, respectively, which resembled an M shape. This phenomenon was caused by the combination of the stretch of clothing during knee flexion, high compression over the calf, and the shape of the lower limb. This finite element model and its findings together could help us to understand the compression effects of sports lower limb devices and garments to enhance walking and running performance, and help to improve the design concepts.

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37

Upton, Corrinn M., Freddy C. W. Brown, and Jessica A. Hill. "Efficacy of Compression Garments on Recovery From a Simulated Rugby Protocol." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 31, no. 11 (November 2017): 2977–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000002145.

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38

Barwood, Martin J., Jo Corbett, John Feeney, Paul Hannaford, Dan Henderson, Ian Jones, and Jade Kirke. "Compression Garments: No Enhancement of High-Intensity Exercise in Hot Radiant Conditions." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 8, no. 5 (September 2013): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.5.527.

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Purpose:To establish the thermal and performance effects of wearing a lower-body graduated compression garment (GCG) in a hot environment (35.2°C ± 0.1°C) with a representative radiant heat load (~800 W/m2) in contrast to a control (running shorts) and sham condition (a compression garment 1 size larger than that recommended by the manufacturer), with the latter included to establish any placebo effect.Method:Eight participants (mean ± SD; age 21 ± 2 y, height 1.77 ± 0.06 m, mass 72.8 ± 7.1 kg, surface area, 1.89 ± 0.10 m2) completed 3 treadmill tests at a fixed speed for 15 min followed by a self-paced 5-km time trial. Performance (completion time) and pacing (split time), thermal responses (aural, skin, and mean body temperature, cardiac frequency), and perceptual responses (rating of perceived exertion [RPE], thermal sensation, thermal comfort) were measured.Results:Performance in the compression group was not different than in either sham or control at any stage (P > .05); completion time 26.08 ± 4.08, 26.05 ± 3.27, and 25.18 ± 3.15 min, respectively. At the end of the 5-km time trial, RPE was not different; it was 19 ± 1 across conditions. In general, thermal and perceptual responses were not different, although the radiant heat load increased site-specific skin temperature (quadriceps) in the garment conditions.Conclusion:GCG did not enhance performance in a hot environment with a representative radiant heat load. The sham treatment did not benefit perception. GCG provided no evidence of performance enhancement.

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Hamlin, Michael J., and Kieran M. de Glanville. "Positive Effect Of Compression Garments On Subsequent 40-km Time Trial Performance." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (May 2009): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000353469.39104.0c.

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Li, Hanjun, and Kaiyang Sun. "Effects Of Different Pressure Compression Garments On Oxygen Uptake And Blood Lactate." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 7S (July 2020): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000676512.94334.85.

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41

Lee, Hyojeong, Kiseong Kim, and Yejin Lee. "Effect of compression pants on EEG spectrum." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (August 15, 2019): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-03-2019-0031.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of wearing compression pants of varying pressure levels on the wearer’s attention/concentration to investigate the appropriate level of compression for sport performance and confirm whether this methodology is feasible as a means of evaluating sportswear functionality. Design/methodology/approach After wearing compression pants of varying compression levels, spontaneous potentials were analyzed by calculating the spontaneous electroencephalography (EEG) indices: relative low beta (RLB) power spectrum ((12~15 Hz)/(4~50 Hz)), relative mid beta (RMB) power spectrum ((15~20 Hz)/(4~50 Hz)), and ratio of sensory motor rhythm to theta waves ((12~15 Hz)/(4~8 Hz)). The activation of brain waves was mapped and visualized from EEG data using BioScan-Map (BioBrain Inc., Daejeon, Korea). Findings The influence of pressure levels on brain waves was confirmed: RLB power, RMB power and RST varied by experimental clothing. CP3, the compression pants that applied moderate pressure (1.57±0.41 kPa), was associated with a relatively higher level of attention/concentration – i.e., the results confirmed that sports compression pants that apply approximately 1.0~2.0 kPa to the area between the thighs and shins are improve attention/concentration. It was further confirmed that EEG is a useful tool for evaluating the psychophysiological effects of functional apparel. Originality/value Unlike preceding studies that considered only alpha waves and the effects of clothing on comfort, this study investigated the influence of compression garments on attention/concentration.

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Lovell, Dale I., Dale G. Mason, Elias M. Delphinus, and Christopher P. McLellan. "Do Compression Garments Enhance the Active Recovery Process after High-Intensity Running?" Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 25, no. 12 (December 2011): 3264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31821764f8.

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43

Hill, Jessica, Glyn Howatson, Ken van Someren, Jonathan Leeder, and Charles Pedlar. "Compression garments and recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage: a meta-analysis." British Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 18 (June 11, 2013): 1340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092456.

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44

Kato, Emika, Mariko Nakamura, and Hideyuki Takahashi. "Effect of Compression Garments on Controlled Force Output After Heel-Rise Exercise." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 32, no. 4 (April 2018): 1174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001919.

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45

Datta, Mrinal K., B. K. Behera, and Ashvani Goyal. "Prediction and analysis of compression behaviour of warp-knitted spacer fabric with cylindrical surface." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 9 (April 6, 2018): 1489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718769936.

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Nowadays, applications of spacer fabric cover wider areas of technical textile. It is used in the automotive textile, personal protective clothing, sports textile, foundation garments, pads for swimwear, buffer clothing, medical textile etc. It does possess good recovery to compression, high bulk with relatively lightweight and very good moisture permeability. Almost in all applications, spacer fabrics are compressed by different parts of human body. Body parts have different shapes and curvatures. In all standard methods, spacer fabric compressibility is measured by a pair of flat circular plate which cannot represent a human body. The contour of body can be assumed as cylindrical with varying radius of curvature. So, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of compression of spacer fabric with cylindrical surface in order to understand the performance of the fabric under real-world dynamics. In this research, an effort is being made to predict the compression behaviour of warp-knitted spacer fabric by flat as well as cylindrical surface. Finite Element Models were designed on Abaqus/CAE platform to meet above requirement with variable circumstances. Experimental setup was also made to analyse cylindrical and flat compression at different circumstances. Results show that flat compression and cylindrical compression are largely deferred in terms of shape of load-deformation curve and compressional energy. Effect of variables on compression behaviour was also analysed. Model results were validated with experimental values. It is found that the proposed model has got a good agreement with the experimental results.

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Bunn, Jennifer, Brooke Catanzarito, Kelly Best, Klarie Ake, Laura Scott, and Douglas Powell. "Lower Extremity Compression Garments Do Not Attenuate Cardiovascular Drift During Sub Maximal Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47 (May 2015): 781–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000478870.15922.5c.

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47

Lambert, S. "Oxygen uptake recovery kinetics with hyperoxia and graduated compression garments in trained athletes." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 12 (January 2010): e67-e68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.139.

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Rahulan, Monika, Olga Troynikov, Chris Watson, Marius Janta, and Veit Senner. "Consumer Purchase Behaviour of Sports Compression Garments –A study of Generation Y and Baby Boomer Cohorts." Procedia Engineering 60 (2013): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.07.055.

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49

Sear, Joshua A., Trent K. Hoare, Aaron T. Scanlan, Grant A. Abt, and Benjamin J. Dascombe. "The Effects of Whole-Body Compression Garments on Prolonged High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 24, no. 7 (July 2010): 1901–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181db251b.

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Burden, Richard J., and Mark Glaister. "The Effects of Ionized and Nonionized Compression Garments on Sprint and Endurance Cycling." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 26, no. 10 (October 2012): 2837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e318241e155.

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