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1
Xie, Bixia. Zhongguo mu ben dian fen zhi wu =: Woody starch plants of China. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2008.
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2
Soviet-French, Roundtable Meeting on Neurobiology (3rd 1986 Moscow R. S. F. S. R. and Leningrad R. S. F. S. R. ). Stance and motion: Facts and concepts. New York: Plenum Press, 1988.
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3
David, Lawson. Star healing: Your sun-sign, your health and your success. London: Headway, 1994.
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4
Longmore, Murray, Ian B. Wilkinson, Andrew Baldwin, and Elizabeth Wallin. Cardiovascular medicine. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199609628.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cardiovascular healthAt the bedside (see 34):Cardiovascular symptomsInvestigations:ecg—a methodical approachecg—abnormalitiesecg—additional pointsExercise ecg testingAmbulatory ecg monitoringCardiac catheterizationEchocardiographyDrugs and the heart:Cardiovascular drugsStatinsHow to start ace-inhibitorsDiseases and conditions:Angina pectoris...
5
Jolly, Elaine, Andrew Fry, and Afzal Chaudhry, eds. Respiratory medicine. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199230457.003.0018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter 18 covers the basic science and clinical topics relating to respiratory medicine which trainees are required to learn as part of their basic training and demonstrate in the MRCP. The chapter starts with an introduction to the respiratory system, before covering respiratory defence and physiology, respiratory investigations, respiratory failure, pneumonia, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, pleural effusion, chronic obstructive pulmonary Disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, asthma , fungal lung diseases, pulmonary embolism , lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, occupational lung diseases, sarcoidosis, Cor pulmonale and pulmonary hypertension, pneumothorax, cough and haemoptysis, pulmonary eosinophilia, and obstructive sleep apnoea.
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Simon, Chantal, Hazel Everitt, Francoise van Dorp, Nazia Hussain, Emma Nash, and Danielle Peet. Oxford Handbook of General Practice. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198808183.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Oxford Handbook of General Practice offers hands-on advice to help with any day-to-day problems that might arise in general practice, and covers the entire breadth and depth of general practice in concise, quick-reference topics. It starts by exploring the definition of general practice, and moves on to practical advice on practice management, consulting with patients, social aspects of primary care, and prescribing and managing medicines. It gives practical advice on all clinical areas of general practice, including minor surgery, healthy living, chronic disease and elderly care, cardiology and vascular disease, respiratory medicine, endocrinology, gastrointestinal medicine, renal medicine and urology, musculoskeletal problems, neurology, dermatology, infectious disease, haematology and immunology, breast disease, gynaecology, sexual health and contraception, pregnancy, child health, ear, nose, and throat medicine, ophthalmology, mental health, cancer care, palliative care, and emergencies in general practice. It is written for general practitioners (GP), GPs in training, medical students, and allied health professionals working in the community.
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Briggs, Josephine P. Integrative Medicine and Public Policy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190241254.003.0022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter, “Integrative Medicine and Public Policy,” summarizes the public resources supporting the development of integrative medicine and some of the policy and regulatory implications of the model of integrative care that starts with the personal perspective of the patient. This chapter focuses on patient self-education, research on complementary health approaches and the development of an evidence-base for the practice of integrative medicine, professional standards for integrative medicine for complementary and alternative medicine providers, and the costs of complementary and alternative medical care and reimbursement practices. The promise of integrative medicine more effectively engaging patients in their own self care could lead to better outcomes at lower cost, with improved patient satisfaction and adherence.
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Farne, Hugo, Edward Norris-Cervetto, and James Warbrick-Smith. Oxford Cases in Medicine and Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198716228.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Oxford Cases in Medicine and Surgery, second edition, teaches students a logical step-by-step diagnostic approach to common patient presentations. This approach mirrors that used by successful clinicians on the wards, challenging students with questions at each stage of a case (history-taking, examination, investigation, management). In tackling these questions, students understand how to critically analyse information and learn to integrate their existing knowledge to a real-life scenario from start to finish. Each chapter focuses on a common presenting symptom (e.g. chest pain). By starting with a symptom, mirroring real life settings, students learn to draw on their knowledge of different physiological systems - for example, cardiology, respiratory, gastroenterology - at the same time. All the major presenting symptoms in general medicine and surgery are covered, together with a broad range of pathologies. This book is an essential resource for all medicine students, and provides a modern, well-rounded introduction to life on the wards. Ideal for those starting out in clinical medicine and an ideal refresher for those revising for OSCEs and finals.
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Gurfinkel, V. S., M. E. Ioffe, J. Massion, and J. P. Roll. Stance and Motion: Facts and Concepts. Springer, 1989.
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10
Gurfinkel, V. S., M. E. Ioffe, J. Massion, and J. P. Roll. Stance and Motion: Facts and Concepts. Springer, 2013.
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11
Davies, Will, Julian Savulescu, Rebecca Roache, and J. Pierre Loebel, eds. Psychiatry Reborn: Biopsychosocial psychiatry in modern medicine. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198789697.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Psychiatry Reborn: Biopsychosocial Psychiatry in Modern Medicine is a comprehensive collection of essays by leading experts in the field, and provides a timely reassessment of the biopsychosocial approach in psychiatry. Spanning the sciences and philosophy of psychiatry, the essays offer complementary perspectives on the ever more urgent importance of the biopsychosocial approach to modern medicine. The collection brings together ideas from the series of Loebel Lectures by world leaders in the field of psychiatry and associated Workshops at the University of Oxford, including revised versions of the Lectures themselves, and a wide range of related commentaries and position pieces. With contributions from psychiatry, psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy, the book provides the most comprehensive account to date of the interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors in mental health and their ethical dimensions. The 23 chapters of this multi-authored book review the history and place of the biopsychosocial model in medicine, and explore its strengths and shortcomings. In particular, the book considers how understanding this interplay might lead to more effective treatments for mental health disorders as developments in genomic and other neurobiological medicine challenge traditional conceptions and approaches to the research and treatment of mental health disorders. The book explores the challenges and rewards of developing diagnostic tools and clinical interventions that take account of the inextricably intertwined biopsychosocial domains, and the ethical implications of the conceptualization. It concludes with chapters drawing together the book’s range of expertise to propose a best conception of the model, and how it might be adopted going forward in an age of exponentially increasing technological advances and of integrated/collaborative care. The volume is intended to present the biopsychosocial model as it stands today in the academy, the laboratory, and the clinic, and to start to address the challenges and potential that the model has for each.
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Barnes, Linda L., and Lance D. Laird. Anthropologies of Medicine, Religion, and Spirituality and Their Application to Clinical Practice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190272432.003.0017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter reviews how medical anthropology has characterized and interpreted biomedicine as a cultural system in its own right. Because so much of the field has attended to how practitioners and patients experience their engagement in biomedicine and other systems of healing, we introduce related dimensions. Some medical anthropologists have also drawn from what is known as the Anthropology of Religion, as a way of exploring religious traditions related to healing. Their work adds useful dimensions to the topic at hand. Finally, we address applied dimensions, that include how biomedical professionals can introduce issues related to religion/spirituality in their clinical work. We advocate for a synthesis of the strengths of religious studies, medical anthropology, refined tools of spiritual inquiry that reflect the particularities of the different traditions, and a stance of cultural humility.
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Mangham, Andrew. The Science of Starving in Victorian Literature, Medicine, and Political Economy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850038.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What actually happens to our bodies when we starve? How does the sensation of hunger come about, and how exactly does going without food lead to death? Do we die from hunger, or do we die from the secondary conditions it causes? And how is the physiology of something so familiar to us, experienced by each of us every day, so little known? This book is the first study to suggest that these questions were first explored in detail in the nineteenth century. The Science of Starving in Victorian Literature, Medicine, and Political Economy is a reassessment of the languages and methodologies used, throughout the nineteenth century, for discussing extreme hunger. Set against the providentialism of conservative political economy, this study uncovers an emerging, dynamic way of describing literal starvation in the period’s medicine and physiology. No longer seen as a divine punishment for individual failings, starvation became, in the human sciences, a pathology whose horrific symptoms registered failings of state and statute. Providing new and historically rich readings of the works of Charles Kingsley, Elizabeth Gaskell, and Charles Dickens, this work suggests that the realism we have come to associate with Victorian social-problem fiction learned a vast amount from the empirical, materialist objectives of the medical sciences, and that, within the work of these intersections, we find important re-examinations of how we might think about this ongoing humanitarian issue.
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Chneiweiss, Hervé. Anticipating a therapeutically elusive neurodegenerative condition: Ethical considerations for the preclinical detection of Alzheimer’s disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786832.003.0016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Among neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer’s disease has held a special position during the last 40 years. It represents a huge burden of disease with more than 40 million people affected worldwide. The economic effect it has on society is enormous, and the specific challenges of dementia are tremendous. Now that science has demonstrated that the disease starts two or three decades before any symptoms occur, possibilities exist for diagnosis or testing increasingly early through the capabilities of predictive medicine. The related ethical debate is on the multiple meanings and the impact of preclinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease before the onset of symptoms. To guide this discussion, this chapter draws upon lessons from other fields of medicine and the identification of high-risk individuals bearing pathogenic genetic mutations that predispose them to the disease. It concludes with thoughts on value and choice in the complex, fine balance between anticipating, knowing, and doing.
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Curlin, Farr A. Religion and Spirituality in Medical Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190272432.003.0012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Religion and medical ethics are inextricably, we might say intrinsically, intertwined. This chapter starts at the surface—with how religion “shows up” in everyday clinical ethical disputes. It turns out that the religious characteristics of physicians are the strongest predictor of physicians’ approaches to ethically disputed clinical practices. That should not surprise us since below the surface of clinical disputes are inescapable moral questions to which religions give authoritative answers. That this is so calls the assumptions and practices of conventional medical ethics into question, particularly when those writing from religious traditions critique much of the culture of contemporary medicine.
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Griffiths, Jennifer. Star Healing: Your Sun Sign, Your Health & Your Success (Headway for Beginners). Hodder & Stoughton, 1995.
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17
Bianconi, Ginestra. Multilayer Networks in Nature, Society and Infrastructures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753919.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter 4 opens Part III of the book, ‘Multilayer Networks’, which comprises chapters 4–15. The chapter starts with an informal definition of multiplex networks, multi-slice networks and networks of networks, and motivates the research interest on multilayer networks by providing a general overview of the multiple applications of the multilayer network framework in different disciplines and contexts, including social networks, complex infrastructures, financial networks, molecular networks and network medicine, brain networks, ecological networks and climate networks. This chapter discusses the major examples of multilayer network datasets studied so far in the different disciplines and highlights the main research questions emerging from the study of these real datasets.
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Shaibani, Aziz. Clinical Signs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In clinical neuromuscular medicine, clinical signs are very important and can lead to accurate diagnosis. There is nothing better than videos to demonstrate these signs and their elicitation and significance. We selected several clinical signs from our video archives for this purpose. A good clinician should use ancillary testing as an extension of the clinical examination rather than blindly. There is alternative to good observation and methodological elicitation of the physical findings. The art of the clinical examination starts by watching the patient walking to the examination room and stepping up to the examination table. It is curtail to unrobe and examine the back and front of the patient.
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Dupré, John, and Daniel J. Nicholson. A Manifesto for a Processual Philosophy of Biology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779636.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter argues that scientific and philosophical progress in our understanding of the living world requires that we abandon a metaphysics of things in favour of one centred on processes. We identify three main empirical motivations for adopting a process ontology in biology: metabolic turnover, life cycles, and ecological interdependence. We show how taking a processual stance in the philosophy of biology enables us to ground existing critiques of essentialism, reductionism, and mechanicism, all of which have traditionally been associated with substance ontology. We illustrate the consequences of embracing an ontology of processes in biology by considering some of its implications for physiology, genetics, evolution, and medicine. And we attempt to locate the subsequent chapters of the book in relation to the position we defend.
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Guzmán, Will. The Lure of El Paso, 1910–1919. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038921.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter describes a new period in Nixon's life as well as the storied history of Blacks in El Paso. Nixon would settle in this city alongside his childhood friend Le Roy White and practice his medicine there for the next fifty years. His time in El Paso would prove to be an eventful one, as he encountered, among other things, the start of the Mexican Revolution, Jim Crow, the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), World War I, and an epidemic outbreak which would take the life his wife, Esther Nixon. In addition, living in El Paso would also drive him to become more civically and politically active over time.
21
Kellerman, Barbara. Occupation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695781.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Given that leadership remains an occupation, the chapter explores the nature of occupations. It asks what it is about the exercise of leadership that makes us think it can be learned quickly and easily—and taught superficially and haphazardly to many people in many different situations. Part of the problem is leadership theory, which is inconsistent, almost incoherent. Again, leadership is compared to medicine and law, each of which benefits from having a coherent body of knowledge that students in professional schools are expected to master. In contrast, two experts describe leadership as a “vast and sprawling field with no clear contours or boundaries, which has been pursued in fits and starts across different disciplines and intellectual traditions.” No surprise that leadership pedagogies are similarly disparate, unregulated, and undisciplined. Small wonder that leadership has stayed stuck—an occupation not evolved even to a vocation, not to speak of a profession.
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King, Daniel. Diagnosis and Pain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810513.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter concludes the discussion of Greek rational medicine. It draws together some of the ways in which pain experience constituted one of the fault lines of Imperial medical culture, helping to define and solidify doctors’ understanding of themselves and their profession in a crowded marketplace of ideas and practices. Both Galen and Aretaios start from a notion of the physical perception of pain, in which patients perceive changes in their body; they then integrate this sense of physical perception into a broader sense of embodied pain experience. While Galen and Aretaios demonstrate very different approaches to this issue, what is consistent across both authors is their understanding of the relationship between pain and language, their need to navigate the way in which pain is incorporated into the clinical scenario, and the importance of understanding the experience of pain from a holistic perspective.
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Noll, Steven. Institutions for People with Disabilities in North America. Edited by Michael Rembis, Catherine Kudlick, and Kim E. Nielsen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190234959.013.19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The institution or asylum in North America was established as a mechanism for confining, controlling, and containing groups of individuals classified and labeled as mentally ill or intellectually disabled and defined as deviant, defective, or delinquent. These congregate facilities, established both for the protection of the individuals housed there and for the simultaneous protection of society from those same people, developed into massive structures designed to accommodate thousands of residents/patients/inmates. The rationale behind the rapid rise of the institution throughout the nineteenth and into the mid-twentieth centuries paralleled the growth of modern medicine and psychiatry. By the 1950s, institutions housed hundreds of thousands of individuals. Yet by the start of the twenty-first century, the institutional model had been intellectually discredited, and these facilities had been all but abandoned. This rather astounding demise mirrored broader social, scientific, and medical trends.
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Porter, Theodore M. Trust in Numbers. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691208411.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What accounts for the prestige of quantitative methods? The usual answer is that quantification is desirable in social investigation as a result of its successes in science. This book questions whether such success in the study of stars, molecules, or cells should be an attractive model for research on human societies, and examines why the natural sciences are highly quantitative in the first place. The book argues that a better understanding of the attractions of quantification in business, government, and social research brings a fresh perspective to its role in psychology, physics, and medicine. Quantitative rigor is not inherent in science but arises from political and social pressures, and objectivity derives its impetus from cultural contexts. A new preface sheds light on the current infatuation with quantitative methods, particularly at the intersection of science and bureaucracy.
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Copaceanu, Mihai. Sex, alcool, marijuana si depresie in randul tinerilor din Romania. Studiu national cu participarea a peste 10.000 de tineri si 1.200 de parinti. Editura Universitara, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5682/9786062811570.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cartea aceasta, ne prezinta pentru prima data rezultatele unei cercetari ample de doctorat, Starea de sanatate si consumul de substante în randul tinerilor din Romania, desfasurata pe o perioada de patru ani (2015-2019) sub coordonarea profesorului Constantin Balaceanu-Stolnici în cadrul Institutului de Antropologie „Francisc Rainer” al Academiei Romane, cercetare sustinuta public în data de 4 septembrie 2019. Dupa cunostintele mele este cea mai mare cercetare efectuata vreodata în Romania care analizeaza aspect legate de consumul de substante în randul tinerilor. De fapt cred ca este singura cercetare doctorala, cel putin în domeniul stiintelor socio-medicale, care a cuprins peste 10.000 de participanti.Autorul
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Waldmann, Carl, Neil Soni, and Andrew Rhodes. Nutrition. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199229581.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Enteral nutrition 82Parenteral nutrition 84Immune-enhancing nutrition 86Nutrition is an important part of intensive care medicine. This may seem self-evident, but the lack of randomized controlled clinical trials to document the usefulness of nutrition in the ICU has been pointed out. The fact that nutrition may be associated with adverse effects has led to some authors to the point where they question the use of nutrition as such in the ICU. However, the majority of intensivists are in favour of providing nutrition for their patients, basically relating to the fact that sooner or later any individual will starve to death without nutrition. The controversy will then be when and how to provide nutrition for the patients. As for many different routines in the ICU, nutrition should also be protocolized, and exceptions from protocol should be rare and well motivated. The nutritional routines should be well known by everybody working in the unit, and everybody should be well informed and hopefully unanimous behind the rationale for the particular routines used....
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Dreval, Alexander. Professional and flash on the monitoring of blood glucose levels of insulin pump therapy and without it. Aegitas publishing house, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47359/978-0-369-40455-8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new method of self-control of diabetes based on the results of continuous monitoring of glycemia (HMG) is especially relevant in patients who are on pump insulin therapy, especially since the start of pump insulin therapy is carried out with the mandatory installation of the HMG system [1,3]. Due to the novelty of these two methods (treatment of diabetes and control of glycemia) for a wide clinical practice, there is an urgent need to publish concise practical guides on this topic for doctors, both for self-study of these methods, and for advanced training courses.
Based on the above and our experience of teaching at the Department of Endocrinology of the Federal Medical University of MONICA, this guide has been prepared, which will be useful, first of all, for endocrinologists, therapists working with patients with diabetes, as well as for senior students of medical institutes who are interested in new directions in practical medicine.
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Anitescu, Magdalena, ed. Pain Management. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pain Management: A Problem-Based Learning Approach provides a comprehensive review of the dynamic and ever-changing field of pain medicine. Its format, based on the American Society of Anesthesiologists model of Problem-Based Learning Discussions, incorporates a vast pool of practical, ABA board-exam-style multiple-choice questions for self-assessment. Each its 46 case-based chapters are accompanied by 20 questions and answers, scrambled and grouped in several real-life practice exams. The cases presented are also unique, as each chapter starts with a case description, usually a compilation of several actual cases; it then branches out through case-based questions, to increasingly complex situations. This structure is designed to create an authentic experience that mirrors that of an oral board examination. The discussion sections that follow offer a comprehensive approach to the chapter’s subject matter, thus creating a modern, complete, and up-to-date medical review of that topic. This book is equally a solid reference compendium of pain management topics and a comprehensive review to assist the general practitioner both in day-to-day practice and during preparation for certification exams. Its problem-based format makes it an ideal resource for the lifelong learner and the modern realities of education.
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Roberts, Charlotte A. Leprosy. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401841.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Leprosy is an infection and neglected tropical disease that is steeped in myths, and, although it is described in history books, it can remain a challenge to manage today. Written in an accessible manner for professionals and the public alike, this book takes a global view of leprosy past and present. As a backdrop, it starts with exploring what we actually know about leprosy from medicine, how it is spread to humans, and its effects on the body. It then moves to consider its diagnosis and treatment in people, past and present. The focus switches next to the ways in which leprosy is diagnosed in skeletons (paleopathology), from just looking at the bones to analyzing the DNA of the bacteria preserved in the bones. By doing so, information on skeletons with evidence of leprosy across the globe is synthesized with the aim of considering the current state of global knowledge regarding the origin, evolution, and history of leprosy. In particular, the book explores how all the people diagnosed with leprosy in their skeletons in the past were buried, and the myth that everybody was ostracized and segregated into leprosy hospitals, due to stigma, is dismissed. It concludes with thoughts on a future for leprosy, the need to continue to dispel its myths and to seriously reconsider the use of the word “leper” when discussing leprosy today and in the past.
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Ingleby, Matthew, and Matthew P. M. Kerr, eds. Coastal Cultures of the Long Nineteenth Century. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474435734.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Coastal Cultures of the Long Nineteenth Century examines the importance of the coastline in the nineteenth-century British imagination. The years between the naval blockade of 1775, which began the American War, and the start of the First World War in 1914 witnessed a dramatic, varied flourishing in uses for and understandings of the coast on both sides of the Atlantic. Prior to the second half of the eighteenth century, coasts were often thought of as unhealthy, dangerous places. Developments in both medicine and aesthetics changed this. Increasingly, the coast could seem at once a space of clarity or of misty distance, a terminus or a place of embarkation – a place of solitude and exhilaration, of uselessness and instrumentality. Coastal Cultures takes as its subject this diverse set of meanings, using them to interrogate questions of space, place and cultural production. Outlining a broad range of coastal imaginings and engagements with the seaside, the book highlights the multivalent or even contradictory dimensions of these spaces. Spanning the late eighteenth to the early twentieth centuries, and including interdisciplinary discussions of coastal spaces relevant to literary criticism, art history, museum studies and cultural geography, these essays from major figures in the cutting-edge field of maritime studies speak across traditional period and disciplinary boundaries.
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Ramsawh, Holly J., and Gary H. Wynn. Recreational Therapy for PTSD. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190205959.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There are currently several interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that meet the definition of “evidence-based therapies” as outlined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), including several forms of exposure-based behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapies the IOM has determined are efficacious and first-line treatments for PTSD. Although exposure-based therapies are efficacious, not all patients respond adequately to treatment. In some cases, behavioral therapies have been associated with high refusal and attrition rates. Furthermore, evidence-based behavioral interventions are not yet widely available, because relatively few practitioners are trained adequately outside of academic institutions, and there are few trained professionals outside of urban centers. Even when evidence-based behavioral or pharmacological treatments are available, veterans sometimes avoid seeking these treatments because of perceived stigma about receiving traditional forms of mental health care either from traditional mental health care providers or in traditional mental health care environments. Despite large numbers of returning veterans being diagnosed with PTSD since the start of the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, there remains a large number of Americans who have limited access to evidence-based interventions for PTSD. Although efforts to expand access to these treatments should continue, there should also be an effort to investigate novel interventions for PTSD—particularly those that may require less training and/or may be associated with less stigma than conventional treatments.
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Dalton, David S., ed. Mestizo Modernity. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400394.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mexico’s traumatic Revolution (1910–1917) attested to stark divisions that had existed in the country for many years. Following the conflict, postrevolutionary leaders attempted to unify the country’s diverse (particularly indigenous) population under the umbrella of official mestizaje. Indigenous Mexicans would have to assimilate to the state by undergoing projects of “modernization” that entailed industrial growth through the imposition of a market-based economy. One of the most remarkable aspects of this nation-building project was the postrevolutionary government’s decision to use art to communicate discourses of official mestizaje. Until at least the 1970s, state-funded cultural artists whose work buoyed official discourses by positing mixed-race identity as a key component of an authentic Mexican identity. State officials viewed the hybridity of indigenous and female bodies with technology as paramount in their attempts to articulate a new national identity. As they fused the body with technology through medicine, education, industrial agriculture, and factory work, state officials believed that they could eradicate indigenous “primitivity” and transform Amerindians into full-fledged members of the nascent, mestizo state. This book discusses the work of José Vasconcelos, Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, Emilio “El Indio” Fernández, El Santo, and Carlos Olvera. These artists—and many others—held diametrically opposed worldviews and used very different media while producing works during different decades. Nevertheless, each of these artists posited the fusion of the body with technology as key to forming an “authentic” Mexican identity.
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Fox, Dov. Birth Rights and Wrongs. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190675721.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today, tens of millions of Americans rely on reproductive advances to help them carry out decisions more personal and far-reaching than almost any other they will ever make: They use birth control or abortion to delay or avoid having children; surrogacy or tissue donation to start or grow a family; and genetic diagnosis or embryo selection to have offspring who survive and flourish. This is no less than the medicine of miracles: It fills empty cradles; frees families from debilitating disease; and empowers them to plan a life that doesn’t include parenthood. But accidents happen: Embryologists miss ailments; egg vendors switch donors; obstetricians tell pregnant women their healthy fetuses will be stillborn. The aftermaths can last a lifetime, yet political and economic forces conspire against regulation to prevent negligence from happening in the first place. After the fact, social stigma and lawyers’ fees stave off lawsuits, and legal relief is a long shot: Judges and juries are reluctant to designate reproductive losses as worthy of redress when mix-ups foist parenthood on patients who didn’t want it, or childlessness on those who did. Some courts insist that babies are blessings, planned or not; others shrug over the fact that infertile couples weren’t assured offspring anyway. The result is a society that lets badly behaving specialists off the hook and leaves broken victims to pick up the pieces. Failed abortions, switched donors, and lost embryos may be First World problems—but these aren’t innocent lapses or harmless errors: They’re wrongs in need of rights.
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Bhugra, Dinesh, Kamaldeep Bhui, Samuel Yeung Shan Wong, and Stephen E. Gilman, eds. Oxford Textbook of Public Mental Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792994.001.0001.
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In the next few years, the global burden of disease due to mental illness is likely to overtake that of cancer and heart disease. There is research evidence to suggest that nearly half of psychiatric disorders in adulthood start below the age of 15 and nearly three quarters do so before 24 years indicating specific periods of vulnerability. It is evident that mental health and physical health are strongly inter-connected and yet often the focus of public health is on physical health. Promotion of good mental health and education about prevention of mental illness can take many forms. From teaching parenting skills to learning about managing stress from an early age to early intervention can help reduce the burden of mental illness. Public mental health has come into its own as a speciality of psychiatry and thus of medicine only in the last two decades and that too only in some parts of the world. In spite of the evidence for prevention of mental illness and promotion of mental health is getting stronger by the day there appears to be some reluctance among clinicians to take on the role of educators and advocates for public mental health. A common reason is lack of training in the subject at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels as focus is on treatment rather than prevention. Positive mental health can lead to better outcomes at a number of levels. This book brings together evidence on various aspects of public mental health which can be used for advocacy and education.
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Gale, William G. Fiscal Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190645410.001.0001.
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America faces two distinct but related economic challenges. Steadily rising federal debt—largely fueled by rising healthcare costs and an aging population that will boost spending on Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid—will make it harder to grow the nation’s economy, boost living standards, respond to wars or recessions, address social needs, and maintain the US role as a global leader. At the same time, an increasingly fractured society has left many people behind and let critical investments lag, even as overall prosperity has grown. How and when US citizens address these challenges will help determine the future they build for themselves and their children. This book proposes a remedy with three core elements: controlling entitlement spending in ways that preserve and enhance the programs’ anti-poverty and social insurance roles; betting on the future by stipulating major new public investments in human and physical capital; and raising and reforming taxes to pay for government services fairly and efficiently. Together, these changes would control federal borrowing, strengthen the economy, increase opportunity, reduce inequality, and build better lives for current and future generations. There is no need to kill popular programs or starve government. Indeed, a primary goal of fiscal reform is to maintain and enhance the vital functions that government provides. The country needs to act responsibly, pay for the government it wants, and shape that government in ways that serve it best.
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Yartekwei, Lartey Emmanuel, Nwachuku Daisy, and Kasonga Wa Kasonga, eds. The church and healing: Echoes from Africa. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1994.
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Scolding, Neil. Vasculitis and collagen vascular diseases. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0862.
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That part of the clinical interface between neurology and general medicine occupied by inflammatory and immunological diseases is neither small nor medically trivial. Neurologists readily accept the challenges of ‘primary’ immune diseases of the nervous system: these tend to be focussed on one particular target such as oligodendrocytes or the neuro-muscular junction present in predictable ways, and are amenable as a rule to rational, methodological diagnosis, and occasionally even treatment. This is proper neurology.‘Secondary’ neurological involvement in diseases mainly considered systemic inflammatory conditions—for example, SLE, sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and Behçet’s—is a rather different matter. It may be difficult enough to secure such a diagnosis even when systemic disease has previously been diagnosed and new neurological features need to be differentiated from iatrogenic disease, particularly drug side effects or the consequences of immune suppression. But all the diseases mentioned may present with and confine themselves wholly to the nervous system; they may mimic one another, and pursue erratic and unpredictable clinical courses. In central nervous system disease, diagnosis by tissue biopsy is potentially hazardous and unattractive. Few neurologists enjoy excesses of confidence or expertise when faced with such clinical problems: the cautious diagnostician is perplexed, and the evidence-based neuroprescriber confounded. Unsurprisingly, great variations in approaches to diagnosis and management are seen (Scolding et al. 2002b).But rheumatologically inclined general, renal or respiratory physicians, comfortable when managing inflammation affecting their system or indeed other parts of the body designed to support the nervous system, are generally also ill at ease when faced with neurological features whose differential diagnosis may be large, particularly given the near universal diagnostic non-specificity of either imaging or CSF analysis.Here then is the subject material for this chapter: the diagnosis and management of central nervous system involvement in inflammatory and immunological systemic diseases (Scolding 1999a). In not one of these neurological conditions has a single controlled therapeutic trial been reported, and much that is published on these conditions is misleading or inaccurate. And yet the frequency with which the diagnosis is only confirmed or even first emerges at autopsy bears stark witness to both the severity and evasiveness of these disorders.