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Статті в журналах з теми "Statutory forms"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 січня 2023

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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1

Ribstein, Larry E. "Linking Statutory Forms." Law and Contemporary Problems 58, no. 2 (1995): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1192150.

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2

Wood, Margaret. "A lexico-grammatical comparison of statutory law and popular written language." Research in Corpus Linguistics 10, no. 2 (2022): 16–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32714/ricl.10.2.03.

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Анотація:

While the plain language movement has shed light on the lack of readability of statutory texts for the lay person, there has been a lack of empirical methodology employed to determine the ways in which statutory language differs lexico-grammatically from forms of popular language that are familiar to the lay person. With this in mind, the present study conducts a comparative analysis of statutory language and other forms of popular written language (i.e., a corpus of news reports, sports reports, encyclopedia articles, and historical articles) with two goals: 1) to provide a detailed lexico-gr

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3

Jankowska, Karolina Agnieszka. "Statutory representation as a form of minors’ interests protection in civil proceeding." Ars Iuridica 23, no. 2 (2024): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/szn.2023.23.2.53-65.

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Statutory representation is one of the institutionalized forms of party representation in civil proceeding. In addition, this institution is important from the point of view of children's rights protection due to the fact that it allows their parents, guardians or curators to take procedural actions on their behalf. The aim of this article is to present statutory representation as one of the forms of minors’ interests protection in civil proceeding. For this purpose it uses the law-dogmatic method to analyse the regulations contained in the Law of November 17, 1964. - Code of Civil Procedure,

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4

KUDAS, I. B. "Forms of implementation of statutory activities by international banks." ECONOMIC THEORY AND LAW 38, no. 3 (2019): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31359/2411-5584-2019-38-3-141.

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5

Hopman, M. J. "Lipstick law, or: the three forms of statutory law." Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 49, no. 1 (2017): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2017.1308787.

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6

Pasek, Marcin, and Dominik Borek. "Selected aspects of the organization of tourism and recreation in natural areas with different status of legal protection." internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny 13, no. 2 (2024): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/2299-5749.ikar.2.13.8.

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An important place in the strategy of promoting health of modern societies, especially in the post-pandemic world, is played by orienting recommendations on how to spend free time towards tourism and recreation in the natural environment. The utilitarian nature of this type of activity is associated with the need to respect legal provisions, relating to the use of statutory forms of nature conservation, as well as non-statutory protection areas. The aim of the study is to characterize the tourist-recreational use in both of the abovementioned types of ecological habitats, and to indicate the s

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7

Warner, Zach, J. Andrew Harris, Michelle Brown, and Christian Arnold. "Hidden in plain sight? Irregularities on statutory forms and electoral fraud." Electoral Studies 74 (December 2021): 102411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102411.

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8

Ali Ahmed Salem Farhat. "The Crime of Cybersecurity Violation from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence and Its Impact on Sustainable Development." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 24s (2025): 16–22. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i24s.3869.

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This research aims to elucidate the concept of the crime of cybersecurity violation, its significance, its elements, its penalties, and its causes for exemption, as well as its impact on sustainable development. The study adopts a descriptive approach, relying on an analytical methodology, and has yielded several key findings, the most notable of which are: Cybersecurity is a system concerned with protecting networks and programmes against attacks that aim to access, alter, or destroy information. The three elements of the crime of cybersecurity violation are: the legal element, the material e

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9

Bierie, David M., and Kristen M. Budd. "Romeo, Juliet, and Statutory Rape." Sexual Abuse 30, no. 3 (2016): 296–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063216658451.

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Statutory rape is an important yet understudied topic. There is broad public support for the prosecution of older adults who engage in sexual relationships with minors regardless of perceptions of consent by either party. However, some scholars worry that expansive definitions within these laws have led to the widespread involvement of the justice system in the lives of similarly aged teenagers engaging in relatively normal sexual behavior, so called “Romeo and Juliet” liaisons. This, in turn, has called into question the legitimacy of national policies, such as sex offender registration, beca

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10

Son, Kyung-Bok. "Establishing healthy pharmaceutical regulations on statutory exclusivity: Lessons from the experience in the European Union, Canada, South Korea, Australia, and the United States." Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector 14, no. 4 (2018): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741134318799385.

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Abstracts Objectives Recent international trade agreements require member countries a prolonged statutory exclusivity for biologics, and domestic legislation guarantees various forms of exclusivity for specific drugs, indications, or studies. This study notes prolonged exclusivity provisions for biologics in the United States and international trade agreements. We aim to review various exclusivity systems, including chemical entities, in selected high-income countries and to suggest implications for establishing the system specifically relevant for biologics in low- and middle-income countries

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11

Kosata, I., O. Diahileva, and A. Peredera. "Features of formation and accounting of registered (share) capital for enterprises of various organizational and legal forms." Bulletin of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Economic Series, no. 106 (June 30, 2024): 112–21. https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-2379-2024-106-11.

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Анотація:

The accounting of registered capital is a crucial aspect of the financial activities of any company. It determines its financial potential, influences its creditworthiness, and attractiveness to investors. A profound understanding of the processes of formation and accounting of registered (equity) capital not only ensures the reliability of financial reporting but also serves as a factor in managerial resources, strategic planning, and attracting investments for further development. This article discusses the peculiarities of forming registered (equity) capital by components according to the c

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12

Samiah S and Fathorrahman Fathorrahman. "Mekanisme Pembatalan Peraturan Desa dalam Tinjauan Konstitusi dan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan." Birokrasi: JURNAL ILMU HUKUM DAN TATA NEGARA 1, no. 2 (2023): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/birokrasi.v1i2.577.

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Village regulations are one of the many types and forms of statutory regulations. As part of legal products in the national legal system, regulations follow the regime of statutory regulations. In the statutory regime, the model for canceling a product that is considered contradictory is with various models. The model is regulated in the constitution, especially regulations whose hierarchy are under the law through the Supreme Court. Does the Perdes annulment model also follow this regime? In this study, the type of research used is normative-juridical with a statutory approach. From this stud

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13

Nurmi, Arja, and Marja Kivilehto. "Identifying Obligation in Legal Finnish and Swedish through English Translations: A Corpus-Assisted Approach." Fachsprache 41, no. 3-4 (2019): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/fs.v41i3-4.1731.

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Even though deontic modality is one central feature of statutory texts, codifying obligation, the descriptions of obligation in Finnish legal texts are still few. This corpus-assisted study of Finnish statutory texts has an innovative approach in using English translations as a starting point for identifying the linguistic forms obligation takes in Finnish statutory texts. Beyond describing Finnish deontic modality, we look at ways it has been translated into legally valid Swedish statutes, paying special attention on existing instructions for translators. The results show that, in addition to

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14

Morton, Rochelle, Michelle L. Hebart, Rachel A. Ankeny, and Alexandra L. Whittaker. "Assessing the Uniformity in Australian Animal Protection Law: A Statutory Comparison." Animals 11, no. 1 (2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010035.

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Animal welfare is not included in the Australian Constitution, rendering it a residual power of the states and territories. Commentators have suggested that inconsistencies exist between the state and territory statutes, and that a uniform approach would be beneficial. However, there has been no comprehensive assessment of the nature or extent of these purported inconsistencies. This review addresses this gap by providing a state-by-state comparison of animal protection statutes based on key provisions. Utilizing systematic review methodology, every current Australian statute with an enforceab

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15

Bateman, Will, and Leighton McDonald. "The Normative Structure of Australian Administrative Law." Federal Law Review 45, no. 2 (2017): 153–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x1704500201.

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Анотація:

This article analyses the normative structure of Australian administrative law through the prism of two distinct intellectual approaches to the law of judicial review: the ‘grounds approach’ and the ‘statutory approach’. We explore the development of both approaches and track the contemporary ascendance of the statutory approach in light of the political and constitutional context within which the practice of judicial review is situated. We then reflect on the ways that each responds to two central legitimacy problems which must be confronted by modern administrative law: the democratic legiti

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16

Fisher, Elizabeth. "Climate Change and Statutory Construction: Administrative Law Expertise and “New” Emergencies." Edinburgh Law Review 27, no. 3 (2023): 322–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2023.0850.

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Responding to climate change requires multi-faceted and long-term public action, particularly in the administrative sphere. The centrality of statutory construction in climate change administrative law adjudication reflects this fact. This article is a study of how statutory construction arguments are figuring in these cases in common law jurisdictions. Arguments relate to direct and indirect climate change legislative provisions and legislative obligations concerning environmental assessment. A study of these different arguments underscores how climate change is giving rise to complex legal q

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17

Noll, David. "Administrative Sabotage." Michigan Law Review, no. 120.5 (2022): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.120.5.administrative.

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Анотація:

Government can sabotage itself. From the president’s choice of agency heads to agency budgets, regulations, and litigating positions, presidents and their appointees have undermined the very programs they administer. But why would an agency try to put itself out of business? And how can agencies that are subject to an array of political and legal checks sabotage statutory programs? This Article offers an account of the “what, why, and how” of administrative sabotage that answers those questions. It contends that sabotage reflects a distinct mode of agency action that is more permanent, more de

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18

Noll, David. "Administrative Sabotage." Michigan Law Review, no. 120.5 (2022): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.120.5.administrative.

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Анотація:

Government can sabotage itself. From the president’s choice of agency heads to agency budgets, regulations, and litigating positions, presidents and their appointees have undermined the very programs they administer. But why would an agency try to put itself out of business? And how can agencies that are subject to an array of political and legal checks sabotage statutory programs? This Article offers an account of the “what, why, and how” of administrative sabotage that answers those questions. It contends that sabotage reflects a distinct mode of agency action that is more permanent, more de

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19

Bosma, J. M. Cuperus. "Practice of the Statutory Disciplinary System for Health Care Psychologists in The Netherlands." European Journal of Health Law 14, no. 1 (2007): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092902707x185442.

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AbstractA statutory disciplinary system for health care psychologists in the Netherlands was introduced in 1998. To provide an indication of the contribution of this system to monitoring the quality of health care psychology all complaints dealt with in the period 1999-2002 were studied. Questionnaires were sent to all 388 members of the disciplinary boards (response 89%) and 43 practicing lawyers (response 65%). The regional disciplinary boards dealt with 68 complaints about health care psychologists. A sanction was imposed 16 times (25%), mainly for sexual intimacies or a sexual relationship

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20

Margolis, Isaac. "Who Is a Health Care Provider?: Statutory Interpretation as a Middle-Ground Approach to Medical Malpractice Damage Caps." American Journal of Law & Medicine 49, no. 4 (2023): 493–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amj.2024.5.

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AbstractDebates over the effectiveness, constitutionality, and fairness of medical malpractice damage caps are as old as the laws themselves. Though some courts have struck down damage caps under state constitutional provisions, the vast majority hesitate to invalidate malpractice reform legislation. Instead, statutory interpretation offers a non-constitutional method of challenging the broad scope of damage caps without fully invalidating legislative efforts to curtail “excessive” malpractice liability. This Note examines the term “health care providers” in construing malpractice reform laws

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21

Schlachter, Monika. "Trade union representation for new forms of employment." European Labour Law Journal 10, no. 3 (2019): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2031952519870018.

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Defining the personal scope of application of the right to be represented by a trade union for collective bargaining purposes starts by defining the notion of employee/worker on whose behalf the conclusion of collective agreements is not disputed. In the German legal system, a sub-category of self-employed persons, known as ‘employee-like’ persons, is also included in the scope of the statute on collective agreements. For all other self-employed persons, however, no such statutory inclusion exists. They are, rather, prevented from collective price setting by (national und EU) competition law.

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22

Hrehorowicz-Gaber, Hanna, Agnieszka Ciepiela, and Alicja Hrehorowicz-Nowak. "PROTECTION OF THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE AND ARCHITECTURAL FORM OF THE WISNICKO-LIPNICKI LANDSCAPE PARK." Space&FORM 2023, no. 56 (2023): 415–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2023.56.d-01.

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A harmoniously shaped cultural landscape provides the basis for protecting the identity of a place. Cataloging spatial values and development forms is an element of the spatial policy of the municipalities of the Wiśnicz foothills and the statutory protection activities of the Complex of Landscape Parks of the Małopolska Voivodeship. The method and results of the research presented in this article were developed for the purpose of identifying architectural forms and patterns for the Wiśnicko-Lipnicki Landscape Park. It takes into account the protection of traditional architectural elements in

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23

Iksanov, Ilya S. "Peculiarities of Implementation of Statutory Acts in the Constitutional Law of the Russian Federation." State power and local self-government 1 (January 21, 2021): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1247-2021-1-3-7.

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The procedural norms of constitutional law ensure the implementation of the right. This article examines the forms of implementation of the right, as well as their impact on the formation of a unified system of public relations in the course of setting goals and objectives of the state and society.

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24

Eyongndi, Gladys, Abayomi Alayokun, Foluke Oluyemisi Abimbola, Samuel A. Adeniji, and Friday Okpanachi Ekpa. "DISCRIMINATORY CITIZENSHIP BY REGISTRATION PRACTICE UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA, 1999 AND ITS IMPLICATION ON GENDER EQUALITY." AGORA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF JURIDICAL SCIENCES 18, no. 2 (2024): 56–68. https://doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v18i2.6975.

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The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (CFRN, 1999) by virtue of section 1(3) thereof, is the organic and supreme law in Nigeria. Section 26 of the Constitution, deals with the types of citizenship available in Nigeria of which citizenship by registration through marriage is one. Thus, where a male Nigerian, marries a foreigner wife, she is legally permitted to acquire Nigerian citizenship by registration. However, where a female Nigerian marries a foreigner, the husband is disqualified from acquiring Nigerian citizenship through registration by virtue of marriage. This posi

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25

Trojanek, Maria. "Carrying Out Municipal Tasks in the Scope of Housing Stock Management – Case Study of Poznań City." Real Estate Management and Valuation 22, no. 3 (2014): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/remav-2014-0030.

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Abstract The municipal real estate stock, including housing, serves as an asset base in the process of carrying out statutory tasks by the municipality. Due to the numerous functions of municipal housing in socioeconomic development and its influence on people’s living conditions, it is essential that local governments manage the stock with particular rationality and effectiveness. Management activities differ according to the aim, type and functions of the stock. This paper discusses conditions and potential benefits for the municipality from replacing budgetary units with commercial companie

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26

Sychev, Vitalii B. "Content and forms of participation of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in lawmaking." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series Economics. Management. Law 21, no. 2 (2021): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2021-21-2-223-231.

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Introduction. The judicial constitutional review authorities ensure the supremacy and direct application of the constitutions. They also participates in lawmaking activities. Constitutional review authorities can participate in lawmaking activities directly or circumstantially. There are two kinds of the direct participation of such authorities in lawmaking activities: legislative initiative and participation in lawmaking activities in connection with the implementation of the constitutional review. The methodology of research is based on general scientific and special legal research methods.

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27

Luh Ketut Ayu Manik Sastrini and Ni Made Witari Dewi. "Peranan Peraturan Kebijakan Dalam Pelaksanaan Fungsi Pemerintahan." Doktrin: Jurnal Dunia Ilmu Hukum dan Politik 2, no. 2 (2024): 214–23. https://doi.org/10.59581/doktrin.v2i2.2674.

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Policy regulations are free policy products determined by state administration officials in the context of carrying out government tasks. The policies set by the government in the form of policy regulations are not based on orders from the law or not based on authority based on the law. The policies of state administration officials are then outlined in a certain format so that they can be applied generally or apply equally to every citizen. The format of policy regulations is simpler than the format of statutory regulations. Policy regulations are enforced and obeyed like other legal regulati

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28

Dubey, Mayank, Amita Rathi, and Hitendra Singh. "EUTHANASIA AND THE COUNTRIES WHICH POSITIVELY REGULATED ACTIVE EUTHANASIA." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, no. 10 (2024): e4047. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i10.4047.

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Objectives: The main objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive understanding of Euthanasia, also known as mercy-killing, and its various forms. It also aims to discuss the moral and legal implications of Euthanasia, which differ across countries, and examine the statutory frameworks of jurisdictions where Active Euthanasia has been legalized. Methods: The article outlines the concept of Euthanasia and categorizes its different genres. It then focuses on the statutory regulations in countries where Active Euthanasia has been positively regulated, analyzing the legal frameworks tha

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29

Hout, F. A. G., J. M. Cuperus-Bosma, J. H. Hubben, and G. van der Wal. "The Dutch disciplinary system for physiotherapists: Practice and views." International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine 18, no. 2 (2006): 121–29. https://doi.org/10.3233/jrs-2006-365.

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The statutory disciplinary system for physiotherapists in the Netherlands was introduced at the end of 1997. The aim of this system is to monitor the quality of physiotherapy. All the complaints that were dealt with by the five regional disciplinary boards in the period 1998–2002 were studied with regard to the number and nature of the complaints, the complainants, the accused and the verdicts. Furthermore, questionnaires were sent to 300 physiotherapists working in primary health care were asked about their views on the statutory disciplinary system (response 76%). During the study period 33

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30

Lisac, Melanie, Lutz Reimers, Klaus-Dirk Henke, and Sophia Schlette. "Access and choice – competition under the roof of solidarity in German health care: an analysis of health policy reforms since 2004." Health Economics, Policy and Law 5, no. 1 (2010): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133109990144.

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AbstractThis paper analyses the influence of recent German health care reforms, the Statutory Health Insurance Modernization Act 2004 and the Statutory Health Insurance Competition Strengthening Act 2007, on different dimensions of access and choice. More specifically, we look at and discuss the effects of these policies on the availability, reachability and affordability of health care as well as on their impact on consumers’ choice of insurers and providers. Generally, patients in Germany enjoy a high degree of free access and a lot of freedom to choose, partly leading to over- and misuse of

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31

Gavamukulya, Charles. "Quality Management on Construction Projects in Uganda: The Impact of the Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act, 2018 on FIDIC and PPDA Forms of Contract." European Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology 3, no. 1 (2025): 110–13. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejaset.2025.3(1).09.

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Анотація:

This paper examines quality management in construction projects in Uganda, focusing on the impact of the Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act, 2018 on FIDIC and PPDA contracts. It explores the standards of workmanship, material quality, and design liability, emphasising how statutory and contractual provisions shape these obligations. The study highlights the distinction between "reasonable skill and care" for designers and "fitness for purpose" for design-build contractors, illustrating how these standards influence project execution. Additionally, it analyses the legal implications of th

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32

Gavamukulya, Charles. "Quality Management on Construction Projects in Uganda: The Impact of the Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act, 2018 on FIDIC and PPDA Forms of Contract." European Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology 3, no. 1 (2025): 110–13. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejaset.2025.3(1).09.

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Анотація:

This paper examines quality management in construction projects in Uganda, focusing on the impact of the Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act, 2018 on FIDIC and PPDA contracts. It explores the standards of workmanship, material quality, and design liability, emphasising how statutory and contractual provisions shape these obligations. The study highlights the distinction between "reasonable skill and care" for designers and "fitness for purpose" for design-build contractors, illustrating how these standards influence project execution. Additionally, it analyses the legal implications of th

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33

Hoffmann, Diane E., Sheryl Itkin Zimmerman, and Catherine J. Tompkins. "The Dangers of Directives or the False Security of Forms." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 24, no. 1 (1996): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1996.tb01829.x.

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Анотація:

During the past several years, numerous studies have been conducted regarding advance directives (that is, living wills and durable powers of attorney (DPAs) for health care). Studies have examined how many individuals have executed advance directives, who is more likely to execute such directives, and whether factors such as education, income, race, religiosity, or family status affect the likelihood of having executed an advance directive or one's willingness to do so. Studies have also investigated the effectiveness of different educational strategies aimed at increasing the number of indiv

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34

Kornakova, S. V., and E. V. Chigrina. "Development of Criminal Liability for Organized Forms of Criminal Activities." Actual Problems of Russian Law 19, no. 11 (2024): 114–22. https://doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2024.168.11.114-122.

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Анотація:

The paper, relying on the comparative historical method of cognition, undertakes an analysis of the development in Russian legislation of statutory regulation of responsibility for organizing criminal activities. The aim of the study was to determine the historical prerequisites for the emergence of this institution, its formation and acquisition of certain forms in the process of its development. A retrospective review of the legislative framework of various historical periods in this aspect made it possible to determine the patterns of establishing criminal liability for organizing criminal

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Галина Кучер. "PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS AND UNIONS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES AS SUBJECTS OF PROVIDING SOCIAL AND REHABILITATION SERVICES MEANS OF INCLUSIVE COMMUNITY TOURISM." Social work and social education, no. 5 (December 23, 2020): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2618-0715.5.2020.220819.

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Анотація:

In today's conditions, public organizations of persons with disabilities are experiencing a new stage of development, gradually moving from users of social services to their providers. They carry out social and public activities based on new approaches in statutory activities, which encourages the search for more effective forms of interaction with people with disabilities of different nosologies and ages, government, media, business, and among themselves.

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36

Owens, B. Robert. "What Is a Social Group in the Eyes of the Law? Knowledge Work in Refugee-Status Determination." Law & Social Inquiry 43, no. 04 (2018): 1257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12369.

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This article explores the settling and unsettling of legal concepts in relation to refugee-status determination. To gain admission to the United States, asylum seekers are required to demonstrate a well-founded fear of persecution on the basis of one of five protected grounds: race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group. Accordingly, many political asylum claims turn on the interpretation of “particular social group.” This article examines case law disputes in the federal courts of appeals over the meaning of that phrase and describes how statutor

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37

Shekhar, Anjali, and Nikhil Jain. "Beyond Logos: Non-Traditional Trademarks and Their Legal Perspective." International Journal of Judicial Law 4, no. 2 (2025): 09–16. https://doi.org/10.54660/ijjl.2025.4.2.09-16.

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Trademarks have evolved beyond standard marks like names, logos, and symbols to include non-traditional forms such as colors, sounds, fragrances, shapes, and even motion. These marks, while unorthodox, have tremendous brand value and play an important role in modern marketing campaigns. While jurisdictions such as the United States and the European Union have made progress in recognizing and protecting such marks, India has taken a more cautious approach. This article examines the concept, categories, and legal recognition of non-traditional trademarks under Indian trademark law, focusing on p

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38

Król, Urszula. "The environmental protection financing by the local government units." Central European Review of Economics & Finance 20, no. 4 (2017): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2017.016.

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Анотація:

The article discusses the rules of financing environmental protection by local self-government units. The statutory tasks specified by local governments in this respect were indicated. Then possible forms of financing environmental protection are presented. Municipality, county or province can use different sources of funding. The next element of the article is to determine the amount of environmental spending at each level of local government in recent years.

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39

Zachariasz, Agata, Dorota Jopek, and Laura Kochel. "Heritage and Environment: Greenery as a Climate Change Mitigation Factor in Selected UNESCO Sites in Krakow." Sustainability 15, no. 15 (2023): 12041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151512041.

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The quantity and condition of urban greenery directly affect the quality of life of residents and space users. This quality is linked to measures that reduce the negative impact of climate change. It was assumed that urban greenery should not only be protected but also should have its stock increased, which is not easy in a historical, compact structure under statutory conservation. This paper discusses the issue of green areas in the strict city centre of Krakow, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1978. The study area includes two medieval towns that had their town charters issued in the 13th

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40

Kała, Dariusz P., and Robert Tabaszewski. "Przesłanki podmiotowe i przedmiotowe nadania Odznaki Świętego Floriana oraz Krzyża Świętego Floriana." Radca Prawny, no. 1 (30) (May 30, 2022): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23921943rp.22.009.15811.

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Subjective and functional conditions for awarding the Saint Florian Badge and the Cross of Saint Florian The paper contains the analysis of public policies on prizes and honors of voluntary fire brigades. The authors show the issue of the conditions for awarding the Saint Florian Decoration and the Saint Florian Cross. These two forms of honoring merits, along with several other forms of rewarding firefighters, were provided for by the legislator in 2022. The authors present the most important rules of the special awarding policy and interpret the Polish constitutional and statutory provisions

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41

Kowalczyk, Krzysztof. "Education in State Archives in Poland (2015–2023)." Historia i Polityka, no. 48 (55) (June 6, 2024): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/hip.2024.018.

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The main aim of the article is to analyze the forms of activity of state archives in Poland in the field of education and its prospects. Therefore, the statutory tasks and organizational structure of the state archives were defined; the concept and importance of education in the state archives was defined; its forms were discussed; educational activities were presented on the example of the State Archives in Szczecin; the challenges facing education in state archives were outlined. The caesuras of work are marked by the years of rule of the so-called United Right, i.e., the Law and Justice (Pi

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42

Llarena, Zharama. "The Statutory Interpretation of Renewable Energy Based on Syllogism of British Government Constitutional Forms towards Sustainable Development Goals." International Journal of Engineering, Business and Management 8, no. 1 (2024): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijebm.8.1.2.

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The current production for energy consumption generates harmful impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment causing instability to sustainable development goals. The constitutional reforms of British Government serve to be an important means of resolving any encountered incompatibilities to political environment. This study aims to evaluate green economy using developed equation for renewable energy towards political polarization of corporate governance. The Kano Model Assessment is used to measure the equivalency of 1970 Patents Act to UK Intellectual Property tabulating the criteria for the

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43

Llarena, Zharama. "The Statutory Interpretation of Renewable Energy Based on Syllogism of British Government Constitutional Forms towards Sustainable Development Goals." International Journal of Systems Engineering 8, no. 1 (2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijse.20240801.11.

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Анотація:

The current production for energy consumption generates harmful impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment causing instability to sustainable development goals. The constitutional reforms of British Government serve to be an important means of resolving any encountered incompatibilities to political environment. This study aims to evaluate green economy using developed equation for renewable energy towards political polarization of corporate governance. The Kano Model Framework is used to measure the equivalency of 1970 Patents Act to UK Intellectual Property tabulating the criteria for the

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44

Батанов, O. В., and В. В. Кравченко. "Doctrinal problems of the municipal statute norm-setting (axiological, ontological and teleological aspects)." PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ASPECTS 7, no. 4 (2019): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/151919.

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The article is devoted to the conceptual problems of statutory rulemaking in local self-government. Conceptual analysis of axiological aspects of municipal statute norm-making is carried out. There is a connection with the axiology of the municipal statute law of the problem of its ontological significance. It is substantiated that the disclosure of ontological aspects of municipal statutory rulemaking will show the role of territorial communities as a special form of law in terms of the embodiment of the ideals of municipal democracy as a person, a member of a territorial community. The essen

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45

Hasyyati, Astrid Amidiaputri, Mukhammad Tismandico Ilham Zulfikar, Kadek Deddy Permana Artha, and Arif Rahman. "Penerapan Pre-Sale Disclosure sebagai Perlindungan Hukum Pembeli Bentuk Bisnis “Business Opportunity Ventures” Ditinjau melalui Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen." JURNAL MERCATORIA 13, no. 1 (2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/mercatoria.v13i1.2985.

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The form of business "Business Opportunity Ventures" that has developed in Indonesia has the same meaning as the franchise business form, but the two business forms are basically different. BO is regulated in the Business Opportunity Sales Law of 1995 by the Federal Trade Commission of the United States. Different forms of business certainly require different arrangements. This is motivated by the reason that the business forms that have not been regulated in a law are prone to fraud and injustice in the transaction process. buyers of this form of business. In this study using a normative juri

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46

KOSOV, Mikhail E., Svetlana P. SOLYANNIKOVA, Aleksandr V. SIGAREV, Victor P. KARPENKO, and Sergey Y. POPKOV. "Public Investment in Russia: Peculiarities of Implementation and Ways to Improve Efficiency." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 10, no. 4 (2019): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v10.4(42).29.

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The study of dynamics and peculiarities of the main forms of public investment in Russia in order to find mechanisms to improve the efficiency of public investment. The research offers options to solve the problem of improving the efficiency of public investment in Russia. Apart from the measures designed to improve the statutory legal framework for public investment, it is necessary to revise the approach to the management of all public finances.

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47

Rácová, Anna. "K Odbornej Terminológii V Slovenskej Rómčine." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 69, no. 3 (2018): 462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2019-0023.

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Abstract The aim of this study is to identify possible methods of formation of Romani technical terms by means of an analysis of a SlovakRomani dictionary of administrative and legal terms. If the existing word stock of Romani is felt to be insufficient, missing words are added by borrowing from Slovak. The borrowings serve as oneword or multiword terms (štatutaris – ‘štatutár’/’statutory person’; bežno učtos – ‘bežný účet’/’current account’); however, more often they serve as components of multiword, most frequently twoword terms which take the form of semicalques. Romani components of

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48

Mannoni, Michele. "On the Forms and Thorns of Linguistic Indeterminacy in Chinese Law." Comparative Legilinguistics 45, no. 1 (2021): 61–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cl-2021-0004.

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Abstract This study addresses the different types and implications of linguistic indeterminacy in Chinese law. It firstly draws on the studies of scholars of different disciplines, such as linguistics and philosophy of language, to provide a taxonomy of indeterminacy in language. It then provides examples of each type, highlighting the implications in law and legal interpretation. It uses linguistic data from various texts, such as statutory laws and judgements, and analyses them with various methods, including discourse analysis and corpus linguistics. This study argues that when the language

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49

Moyo, Admark, and Basutu S. Makwaiba. "The Role of Founding Values and Principles in Constitutional and Statutory Interpretation: Lessons for Zimbabwe." Africa Journal of Comparative Constitutional Law 2020 (2020): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/ajcl/2020/a2.

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Анотація:

This article explores the role of constitutional values and principles in statutory and constitutional analysis. Given that the exact meaning of these values and principles remains largely unexplored, the article starts by explaining the differences between these terms and argues that these differences are not important for purposes of determining the role of values and principles in the interpretation of legal texts. In addition, the article examines the meaning and scope of the teleological theory of interpretation which forms the philosophical basis of a value-laden approach to constitution

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50

Gavamukulya, Charles. "Adjudication in Uganda: A Critique of Selected Rulings from Centre of Arbitration and Dispute Resolution (CADER)." European Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology 2, no. 6 (2024): 230–33. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejaset.2024.2(6).24.

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Adjudication is a widely recognized Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism, particularly in the construction industry, due to its speed, flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and privacy. This article examines the nature of adjudication in Uganda, focusing on its application in contractual and ad hoc forms, as the country lacks a statutory adjudication framework like that of England and Wales. The study critiques selected rulings from the Centre of Arbitration and Dispute Resolution (CADER) that erroneously equate adjudication with arbitration, highlighting the distinct roles, outcomes, and

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