Готові списки джерел за темами / Strained hydrocarbons

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Strained hydrocarbons"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 3 червня 2025
Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Strained hydrocarbons"

1

Doluda, Valentin Yu, Alexey V. Bykov, Mikhail G. Sulman, Alexander I. Sidorov, Natalia V. Lakina, and Esfir M. Sulman. "PECULIARITIES OF SMALL STRAINED ALICYCLE COMPOUNDS FORMATION IN CATALYTIC TRANSFORMATION OF METHANOL OVER ZEOLITE H-ZSM-5." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 12 (2018): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20186112.5730.

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The article presents the results of strained hydrocarbons formation study during the catalytic transformation of methanol into hydrocarbons on zeolite H-ZSM-5. The formation of the following strained cyclic compounds was determined: 1,1-dimethylcyclopropane, 1,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane, 1,1,2-trimethylcyclopropane, 1,2,3-trimethylcyclopropane, 1,1,2,2-tetramethylcyclo-propane, 1,1,2 , 3-tetramethylcyclopropane. The non-stationary character of strained cyclic hydrocarbons formation with a pronounced hydrocarbons formation rate maximum and subsequent deactivation of the catalyst was found. The tem
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2

Doluda, V., R. Brovko, N. Giniatullina, and M. Sulman. "Kinetic particularities of strained alicyclic compounds formation in catalytic methanol to hydrocarbon transformation process." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 12 (December 11, 2017): 105–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1101184.

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The catalytic transformation of methanol into hydrocarbons is a complex chemical process, accompanied by chain parallel chemical transformation reactions. The most valuable products of the methanol to hydrocarbons catalytic transformation reaction are the strained hydrocarbons — cyclopropane derivatives. These compounds can be used as a high-energy fuel, and also as a valuable chemical raw material. However, the yield of strained compounds in methanol to hydrocarbons catalytic transformation reaction is extremely low. One of the possible methods for increasing the yield of target product
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3

Rablen, Paul R. "A Procedure for Computing Hydrocarbon Strain Energies Using Computational Group Equivalents, with Application to 66 Molecules †." Chemistry 2, no. 2 (2020): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry2020022.

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A method is presented for the direct computation of hydrocarbon strain energies using computational group equivalents. Parameters are provided at several high levels of electronic structure theory: W1BD, G-4, CBS-APNO, CBS-QB3, and M062X/6-31+G(2df,p). As an illustration of the procedure, strain energies are computed for 66 hydrocarbons, most of them highly strained.
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4

Politzer, Peter, Keerthi Jayasuriya, and Barbara A. Zilles. "Some effects of amine substituents in strained hydrocarbons." Journal of the American Chemical Society 107, no. 1 (1985): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00287a022.

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5

Stauch, Tim, Benjamin Günther, and Andreas Dreuw. "Can Strained Hydrocarbons Be “Forced” To Be Stable?" Journal of Physical Chemistry A 120, no. 36 (2016): 7198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05461.

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6

Bethke, Sabine, Stefan Brand, Bj�rn Treptow, and Rolf Gleiter. "Strained hydrocarbons from cyclic diynes?preparation and reactivity." Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 15, no. 8 (2002): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.500.

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7

Akhmetov, A. R., R. I. Aminov, I. N. Mullagaliev та R. B. Salikhov. "Synthesis of hybrid molecules based on conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons and С60 fullerene: application of thin films based on them in organic electronics". Журнал общей химии 93, № 9 (2023): 1315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044460x23090019.

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Hybrid molecules based on C60 fullerene and strained polycyclic hydrocarbons were synthesized for the first time using the Bingel-Hirsch reaction. Thin films based on the synthesized hybrid compounds were obtained, and the surface morphology of these films was studied. Based on thin films of С60 fullerene adducts containing fragments of conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons, organic field-effect transistors were fabricated. The current-voltage characteristics of transistors were measured and the mobility of charge carriers was calculated.
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8

Wei, Chin-Chuan, Tahsin J. Chow, Ya-Ping Yang, and Yao-Jung Chen. "Strained double bonds in two types of polycyclic hydrocarbons." Tetrahedron 49, no. 11 (1993): 2201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80363-x.

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9

Zarezin, D. P., M. A. Rudakova, V. O. Samoilov, M. U. Sultanova, A. L. Maximov, and M. V. Bermeshev. "Novel Strained Alicyclic Hydrocarbons Based on 5-Methylene-2-norbornene." Petroleum Chemistry 61, no. 9 (2021): 1033–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965544121090073.

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Baird, N. Colin, Anthony M. Draper, and Paul de Mayo. "Surface photochemistry: Semiconductor mediated reactions of some saturated strained hydrocarbons." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 7 (1988): 1579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-256.

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Quadricyclane (1) and 1,8-bishoniocubane (2) have been found to undergo valence isomerization to norborndiene and tricyclo[4.2.2.02,5]deca-3,7-diene, respectively, on illuminated CdS and ZnO. An electron transfer mechanism is proposed. Quantum yield, solvent effects, the role of oxygen, and the quenching of the reaction were investigated, and were consistent with this interpretation. The thermal reaction of 1 on CdS was also suggested to be an electron transfer process involving, in this case, defects or trapped holes on the surface of the semiconductor. An examination of a series of strained
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Дисертації з теми "Strained hydrocarbons"

1

Steinberg, Brian David. "Examining the Boundaries of Strained Aryl-Aryl Coupling Reactions in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/993.

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Thesis advisor: Lawrence T. Scott<br>Chapter 1. The impact and growth of carbon nanotubes within the framework of nanotechnology is presented. Methods to produce single chirality nanotubes from template-mediated sources are evaluated. The concept of a nanotube endcap is introduced as a potential synthetic target toward the selective synthesis and growth of a single chirality carbon nanotube. Chapter 2. A modified synthesis of corannulene is presented, highlighting a selective imine based reaction protocol for the fuctionalization 4,7-dimethylacenaphthenequinone. Also reviewed is a cascade coup
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2

Morris, A. D. "A study of carbon carbon bond cleavage in strained hydrocarbon systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47189.

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3

Carvallo, Sergio Luis Fuenmayor. "Catabolism of naphthalene by Pseudomonas sp. strain U2." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263318.

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4

Aemprapa, Sirinun. "Toluene/xylene catabolic pathway of Pseudomonas putida strain O←2C←2." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321526.

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5

Halladay, Jason. "Strain-dependent responses to mineral hydrocarbons in female Fischer-344 and Sprague-Dawley rats." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280034.

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Mineral hydrocarbons (MHC) produce hepatic microgranulomas and granulomas following repeated administration to female Fischer-344 (F-344) rats. Female Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats are less sensitive to these MHC-induced hepatic effects. Comparative studies were conducted to characterize the pharmacokinetics and disposition of a representative C26 MHC, [1-14C]1-eicosanylcyclohexane ([14C]EICO), in these two rat strains. Following a single oral dose of MHC, F-344 rats had a higher blood Cmax of [14C]EICO, a longer time to Cmax, and a greater blood AUC compared to S-D rats. Fecal excretion was the m
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6

Barnes, Robert James. "Dechlorinating bacterial strains and nano-scale iron particles for remediation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon contaminated sites." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509894.

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7

Carroll, Craig E. "The Construction of several nitroreductase and O-acetyltransferase overproducing S. ; Typhimurium tester strains and their application in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay (Ames test)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0023/MQ52401.pdf.

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8

Plaia, Joseph M. "Response of premixed hydrocarbon flames with and without hydrogen addition to steady and oscillatory strain rates." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3101.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.<br>Thesis research directed by: Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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9

ANDREOLLI, Marco. "Molecular, phylogenetic and functional characterization of Burkholderia sp. DBT1, a bacterial strain involved in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Verona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/342874.

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Con il termine bonifica biologica si definiscono un insieme di metodiche in grado di usufruire delle capacità metaboliche di microrganismi e/o piante, al fine di recuperare siti contaminati da sostanze pericolose. In caso di forti contaminazioni, tuttavia, la sola stimolazione dei microrganismi autoctoni – mediante aggiunta d’ammendanti e/o tramite aerazione del suolo - risulterebbe troppo lenta. L’aggiunta di un inocula batterico direttamente in suolo o, alternativamente, in piante selezionate al fine di aumentare il potenziale biodegradativo in planta, può aumentare l’efficienza nel recupero
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DACCÒ, CHIARA. "Selection of new fungal strains and development of a microbial consortium for the bioremediation of complex hydrocarbon mixtures." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1431714.

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The release of hydrocarbons and their derivatives into the environment can have harmful effects on ecosystems and the organisms that populate them. Recently a further problem has arisen concerning the treatment of hydrocarbons in the oil industry, where large tanks are used to store raw materials and intermediate or finished products. Sludge and heavy oil deposits accumulated in tanks have to be cleaned periodically, usually by manual means. The procedure is dangerous, time-consuming, labour-intensive and expensive. Also, substances resulting from cleaning must be disposed of specifically as t
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Книги з теми "Strained hydrocarbons"

1

Helena, Dodziuk, ed. Strained hydrocarbons: Beyond the van't Hoff and Le Bel hypothesis. Wiley-VCH, 2009.

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2

Aminian, Mehrdad. Functional characterization of variant forms of aryl hydrocarbon receptor from a dioxin-resistant rat strain. National Library of Canada, 2002.

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3

Dodziuk, Helena, ed. Strained Hydrocarbons. Wiley, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527627134.

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Hoffmann, Roald, and Helena Dodziuk. Strained Hydrocarbons: Beyond the Van't Hoff and le Bel Hypothesis. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2009.

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5

Strained hydrocarbons: Beyond the van't Hoff and Le Bel hypothesis. Wiley-VCH, 2009.

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6

Hoffmann, Roald, and Helena Dodziuk. Strained Hydrocarbons: Beyond the Van't Hoff and le Bel Hypothesis. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2009.

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Частини книг з теми "Strained hydrocarbons"

1

Wiberg, Kenneth B. "Strained Hydrocarbons: Structures, Stability, and Reactivity." In Reactive Intermediate Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471721492.ch15.

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2

Kim, S. J., O. Kweon, and C. E. Cerniglia. "Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Mycobacterium Strains." In Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77587-4_136.

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3

Chapman, Peter J. "Constructing Microbial Strains for Degradation of Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons." In Environmental Biotechnology. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0824-7_5.

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4

Wittich, R. M., P. van Dillewijn, and J. L. Ramos. "Rational Construction of Bacterial Strains with New/Improved Catabolic Capabilities for the Efficient Breakdown of Environmental Pollutants." In Aerobic Utilization of Hydrocarbons, Oils, and Lipids. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50418-6_35.

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Wittich, R. M., P. van Dillewijn, and J. L. Ramos. "Rational Construction of Bacterial Strains with New/Improved Catabolic Capabilities for the Efficient Breakdown of Environmental Pollutants." In Aerobic Utilization of Hydrocarbons, Oils and Lipids. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39782-5_35-1.

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Wittich, R. M., P. van Dillewijn, and J. L. Ramos*. "Rational Construction of Bacterial Strains with New/Improved Catabolic Capabilities for the Efficient Breakdown of Environmental Pollutants." In Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77587-4_87.

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7

Pouran, Hamid M., Steve A. Banwart, and Maria Romero-Gonzalez. "Characterizing the Cell Surface Properties of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterial Strains, a Case Study." In Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_131-1.

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8

Pouran, Hamid M., Steve A. Banwart, and Maria Romero-Gonzalez. "Characterizing the Cell Surface Properties of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterial Strains, a Case Study." In Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_131-2.

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9

Pouran, Hamid M., Steve A. Banwart, and Maria Romero-Gonzalez. "Characterizing the Cell Surface Properties of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterial Strains, a Case Study." In Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73645-7_131.

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10

Mustaffa, Nooraidah Binti, Parveen Jamal, Kola Saheed Olorunnisola, and Abdul Haseeb Ansari. "Method for Isolation of Bacterial Strain from Contaminated Soil for Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PHAs)." In Multifaceted Protocol in Biotechnology. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2257-0_16.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Strained hydrocarbons"

1

Schutz, Ronald W., Birendra Jena, Ramgopal Thodla, and Heath W. Walker. "Titanium Alloy Stress Corrosion Resistance to Methanol Vapor in Hydrocarbon Production Gas Export." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-10921.

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Abstract Susceptibility of Grades 23 and 29 titanium Tapered Stress Joint (TSJ) forgings to gas phase methanolic Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) was measured in deaerated, dry 0-0.5 wt.% and saturated methanol-containing methane gas environments at 25°C in a two phase laboratory program. Phase 1 utilized slow strain rate (SSR) tensile testing to aggressively identify any SCC behavior as a function of increasing methanol vapor content; whereas Phase 2 focused on fracture toughness testing with slow-strain rate rising K loading to determine the effect of methanol vapor on component fracture resi
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2

Schutz, R. W., G. Clapp, B. Mekha, and M. Peet. "Resistance of UNS R56404 Titanium to Mercury Liquid Metal Embrittlement." In CORROSION 2016. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07556.

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Abstract Liquid mercury can be a natural component of natural gas, condensate, and crude oil production streams, so the potential for liquid metal embrittlement (LME) of hydrocarbon production metallic components must be considered. With increasing use of titanium alloys for deep sour high pressure/high temperature well oil country tubular goods (OCTG) and dynamic offshore riser components, titanium’s ability to resist degradation from liquid mercury contact warranted assessment under relevant hydrocarbon production conditions. The results of exposing UNS R56404 forging and pipe product forms
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3

Schutz, R. W., J. M. Horrigan, and T. A. Bednarowicz. "Stress Corrosion Behavior of Ru-Enhanced Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys in Methanol Solutions." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98261.

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Abstract Conservative, practical guidelines for the minimum water content required to prevent methanolic stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Ti-6Al-4V-Ru and Ti-3Al-2.5V-Ru alloy tubulars have been developed from slow strain rate testing in plain and acidified NaCl-saturated methanol-water solutions at 25°C. A minimum methanol water content of 10 wt.% is proposed for Ti-6Al-4V-Ru, whereas 2-3 wt.% is sufficient for the lower strength Ti-3Al-2.5V-Ru alloy. Although HCl-acidification aggravated methanolic SCC, intermixing of methanol with crude oil or pure hydrocarbons, H2S gas saturation, and/or
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4

Mcintyre, Dale R., Jerome J. English, and Gregory Kobrin. "Mercury Attack of Ethylene Plant Alloys." In CORROSION 1989. NACE International, 1989. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1989-89106.

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Abstract Trace amounts of mercury occur naturally in many hydrocarbon reservoirs. In certain circumstances mercury can collect in gas processing and ethylene plant equipment, leading to equipment failures by mercury attack. Laboratory test data from unstressed specimens, contact load specimens, slow strain rate tests, crack growth rate studies and AC impedance studies are presented. Topics investigated include: ○Nature of Hg attack (amalgamation vs LMC)○Effect of temperature on Hg attack○Effect of alloy and joining method○Crack growth rates as a function of stress intensity Surface treatments
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Case, Raymundo, and Dale R. McIntyre. "Mercury Liquid Metal Embrittlement of Alloys for Oil and Gas Production and Processing." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10294.

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Abstract Mercury is a natural component of certain hydrocarbon reservoirs, so exposure to liquid mercury can occur in oil and gas production and processing plants. This paper reports liquid metal embrittlement (LME) test results for a variety of common oilfield and processing plant alloys exposed to liquid Hg across a range of temperatures. Test methods used include slow strain rate testing and C-ring tests. A fracture mechanics approach to derive critical stress intensities for the onset of Hg LME is suggested. Test results are presented for ASTM A516 Gr 70 carbon steel, ASTM A193 Gr B7 low a
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Gabetta, Giovanna, Patrizia Fassina, Gazmend Hoxha, et al. "Test Devices to Assess SCC in Ultra High Pressure of H2S." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02524.

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Abstract The exploitation of fields with high H2S and/or CO2 content is nowadays of growing importance for oil companies. The presence of H2S and/or sulphur in production fluids can be responsible for both general and localized corrosion. In application, users can combine experience with suggestions from standards and regulations. A good deal of knowledge is available to predict corrosion rates for CO2 containing hydrocarbons, but the effect of high pressure H2S is less known, also due to the difficulty of performing laboratory tests in such challenging conditions. Re-injection wells are, for
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Mora-Mendoza, J. L., R. García-Esquivel, A. A. Padilla-Viveros, et al. "Study of Internal MIC in Pipelines of Sour Gas, Mixed with Formation Waters." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01246.

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Abstract Microorganisms isolated from sour gas transmission pipelines from/to offshore platforms located in Mexico, have been associated with localized corrosion process. The microorganisms, isolated under an oxygen-free atmosphere, grew in a culture media rich in lactate/sulfate and reduced sulfate to hydrogen sulfide. When carbon steel was exposed to their activity, severe corrosion rates were measured and pitting damage was observed on sample surfaces. The 16S rRNA sequential analysis procedure showed that both samples are identified as Citrobacter amalonaticus. At present, these bacteria h
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Ravindranath, K., B. Al-Wakaa, N. Tanoli, and H. M. Shalaby. "Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of Stainless Steel 321 in Chloride - Hydrogen Sulfide Media." In CORROSION 2016. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07444.

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Abstract Stabilized stainless steel (SS) grade 321 has been widely used in the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries for applications in hydrocarbon streams containing hydrogen sulfide. Factors such as corrosive media, process conditions, manufacturing conditions and metallurgical structure affect the performance of 321 SS equipment and piping in process industry streams. Though, 321 SS equipment have been performing well in process industry streams, there are reports of equipment failure due to corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Studies of the failures of 321 SS process
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Fujisawa, Ryutaro, Kenji Nishimura, Takashi Nishida, Motohiro Sakaihara, Yoshiaki Kurata, and Yutaka Watanabe. "Cracking Susceptibility of Ni Base Alloys and 316 Stainless Steel in Less Oxidizing or Reducing SCW." In CORROSION 2005. NACE International, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2005-05395.

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Abstract The susceptibility of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Ni base alloys and 316 stainless steel was studied in less-oxidizing or reducing supercritical water (SCW) environments for determining the suitability of these alloys in the upgrading of low-quality hydrocarbon resources process. The cracking susceptibility of 316 stainless steel, UNS N06625(Alloy 625), UNS N10276(Alloy C-276) and MC-alloy (Ni-45Cr-1Mo) was investigated using slow strain rate test (SSRT) in supercritical water containing hydrogen chloride. All tests were performed at 400°C/25MPa. SCC did not occur in the deioni
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10

Kallenberg, Gordon P. "Metallurgical Evaluation of a Bulged FCC Reactor." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01531.

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Abstract A Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) reactor in service at a petroleum refinery perforated in 1998 while operating under steady-state conditions. While the perforation was confined to a small area, a fire resulted from the release of hydrocarbons. Inspection of the reactor after the fire revealed a noticeable bulge over an extensive area near the top of the reactor shell. Local melting of the shell, resulting from the unintentional burning of coke deposit within the vessel, was determined to be the root cause of perforation. The internal burning resulted from the local buildup of coke bet
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Звіти організацій з теми "Strained hydrocarbons"

1

DeGeer. L52302 Using Strain-Based Design in Conjunction with API RP 1111. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010371.

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The design section of API Recommended Practice 1111 for the Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines is based on limit states concepts, cast in a simple and practical framework. Some strain-based criteria exist in the recommended practice (RP), but there are a number of load cases not explicitly addressed in the RP that could benefit from strain-based design methods. Given the advances in strain-based design methodology in recent years, there is a need to prepare a supplementary document describing how strain-based design approaches may be used in conne
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2

Gunnison, Douglas, Mark E. Zappi, and John R. Marcev. Rapid Development of Microbial Strains for Bioremediation of Military Soils and Dredged Materials Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Defense Technical Information Center, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada270181.

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3

Friedlander, Michael, Clinton Dawes, and Y. (Joel) Kashman. The Interaction between Epiphytes and Seaweeds. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571355.bard.

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Two Israeli laboratories (IOLR and TAU) cooperated with one American laboratory (USF) in the research of the interaction between epiphytes (Ulva sp.) and the cultivated seaweed (Gracilaria sp.) The main objectives included the following aspects: Structural aspects, effects of different irradiances on growth, sensitivity studies, allelopathic excretions, selective chemicals and integration of studies of epiphytization. The studies were operated in outdoor tanks, indoor growth chambers and in the lab. The main conclusions and their relevance for mariculture are as following: 1. The green algal e
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