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Готові списки джерел за темами / Strained situation

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Strained situation"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 19 червня 2021

Оновлено: 18 лютого 2022

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Зміст

Статті в журналах
Дисертації
Книги
Частини книг
Тези доповідей конференцій

Статті в журналах з теми "Strained situation":

1

Ababio, Bethel T. "Motivation and Classroom Teaching in Geography." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 1, no. 3 (November 30, 2013): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol1.iss3.112.

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Several factors influence the teaching and learning of geography in the classroom situation. Prominent among these factors is motivation. Motivation may be described as a state of arousal in which an individual wishes to achieve a specific goal and exerts effort to do so. In the classroom, efficient learning would be impossible if motivation was absent. But this appears to be the situation in many geography classes. There are classroom situations in which student motivation is at a minimum and in which learning is correspondingly slow. In such unmotivated classes, there are geography teachers who leave their students with half formed and hazy concepts; teachers who make no attempt to select teaching procedures that will be interesting to students; teachers who criticize students negatively rather than constructively; such classes are also characterized by strained personal relationships between students and their teachers. To address these worrying concerns in the geography classroom, this article is devoted to the discussion of principles, practices and specific suggestions aimed at enabling the geography teacher to make more effective use of motivation in classroom situations.

2

Plaude, Alla. "PECULIARITIES OF COPING WITH PROBLEM SITUATION OF STUDENTS OF FORM 4 DURING THE LEARNING PROCESS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (May 26, 2016): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2016vol2.1398.

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The Aim of the study is the peculiarities of coping with stress situations of students of Form 4 during the learning process. In many studies it is emphasised that the learning environment causes strong stress for a large number of children, which in its turn causes behaviour, emotional and mental problems. The present study analyses the most frequent stress situations, how children cope with them and how the types of coping with stress situations impact the learning results.The results of empirical study demonstrate that 52% of children are of the opinion that the causes for disturbances of mental balance are various physical traumas; problems in learning take up the second place, then follow strained relationships with peers and parents and various emotional experiences related to the situation caused by loss and fear.The strategy of adaptive coping has a positive correlation with the learning result. The strategy of passive behaviour has a negative correlation with the learning success. The correlations obtained in the study confirm also the findings made in other studies that if children don’t know how to use the strategies of adaptive behaviour or compensatory skills which help to solve problem situations, they have lower learning results, which can cause various emotional problems.

3

Toporkov, V. P., L. N. Velichko, A. E. Shiyanova, and O. V. Kedrova. "The Tendency of Plague Morbidity Dynamics in the World." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 3(97) (June 20, 2008): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2008-3(97)-22-25.

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The analysis of sickness rate carried out from 1984 to 2007 revealed the complicated epidemiologic situation with plague in the world, especially during the period of 1991-2003. The most strained situation formed in Africa. During the analyzed period the tendency to increase the plague incidence in the world - 2.4-fold, in Africa - 4.1-fold and to decrease in America - 11.1-fold and in Asia - 1.7-fold was observed. Uneven character of plague cases distribution in the world was determined: 80.1 % of cases were registered in Africa, 14.1 % - in Asia and 5.8 % - in America. From 1990 to 2006 10 local outbreaks of pneumonic plague were registered in the world: 4 - in Asia, 5 - in Africa and 1 - in America.

4

Pătru, Alina. "Cultural differences and their impact on the ecumenical issue in today’s Judaism." Review of Ecumenical Studies Sibiu 9, no. 1 (April 25, 2017): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ress-2017-0005.

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Abstract It is not only the case of Christianity that different religious options spring from cultural differences, but it goes the same for other religions too, even for ethnic religions. Using the example of today Judaism, this study seeks to show how different cultural backgrounds lead to different religious forms, and how they may bring about tensions between members of the same religion. I shall bring up to discussion situations where the cultural differences are finally bridged, as well as others where they persist, feeding the strained relationship. Via the example of Judaism, I shall elaborate on the importance of non-religious factors in the appearance of confessional differences and the attitude towards other practitioners. The material allows theologians to draw a comparison with the situation within Christianity and to reach to useful conclusions for Christian ecumenism.

5

Evtushenko, Yu G., and A. A. Tret’yakov. "2-factor Newton method for solving the constrained optimization problem with the singular Kuhn—Tucker system." Доклады Академии наук 485, no. 1 (May 22, 2019): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5652485119-21.

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A new method for solving the inequality constrained optimization problem is proposed for the case when the system of necessary optimality conditions of Kuhn—Tucker is degenerate. This situation occurs for example in the case when strict complementarity conditions fails in solution point. The reduction of the inequalities con- strained optimization problem to the equalities constrained problem is substantiated and the use of a new 2-fac- tor Newton method for the effective solution of the obtained degenerate system of optimality conditions is shown.

6

Mangelsen, Sophie, Nancy Kadur, and Patrick Stuebs. "The efficacy of psycho-oncological intervention on anxiety and depression in gastrointestinal tumor patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 34_suppl (December 1, 2018): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.34_suppl.160.

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160 Background: We aimed to investigate the degree of anxiety and depression associated with the physical consequences of gastrointestinal tumors in relation to the treatment situation. Methods: 104 patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment were included in the study. The efficacy of the interventions and the changes in the stress level were evaluated by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Additionally, three intervention groups in individual setting: Conversational, relaxation and psycho-educational. Results: We demonstrate that overall the gastrointestinal patients were psychologically strained by anxiety and depression before the start of psycho-oncological intervention (at the beginning of chemotherapy). MA_t1 = 6,61 ( mA_t1_curative = 6,55 ; mA_t1_palliative = 6,64); η 2 A_t1 = 0,667; MD_t1 = 6,68 ( mD_t1_curative = 6,28 ; mD_t1_palliative = 6,88). Palliative patients seemed to be more strained in descriptive terms than patients in curative treatment situation. We determined an increase in a clinically relevant cutoff of about 32 % (anxiety) to about 54 % (depressiveness) in both pre-post survey groups. Anxiety and depressiveness showed a declining trend towards the end of the intervention or chemotherapy, independent of the curative or palliative treatment situation. Differential effects in effectiveness on anxiety and depression levels were observed between the various interventions ( p > .05). A significant decrease in anxiety towards the end of chemotherapy was empirically evident only in patients in adjuvant treatment ( MA_t1 = 6.95; Mt2 = 4.97; p > .016), we did not observe any correlation with the interventions. In addition, a reduction in both anxiety and depressiveness was found in the relaxation group in patients in adjuvant treatment. Conclusions: Our data demonstrates the importance of relaxation and discussion intervention over a purely psycho-educative intervention. A particular strength of our study lies in its longitudinal design and in its focus on a group of patients with exclusively gastrointestinal tumors. Further studies are needed to optimize the therapeutic potential of relaxation and discussion intervention in gastrointestinal cancer.

7

Stepchenkova, Svetlana, and Elena Shichkova. "Attractiveness of the United States as a travel destination for the Russian tourist in the era of strained bilateral relations." International Journal of Tourism Cities 3, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-10-2016-0047.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the attractiveness of a global tourism destination when the country of that destination and the country that provides the source market are in a situation of political and economic conflict. In this study, the USA is the vacation destination, and Russia is the tourism generating region. Design/methodology/approach In May 2015, 18 Russian tourists from a large regional urban center participated in qualitative semi-structured interviews. The interviews took place in the situational context of strained bilateral relations between the USA and Russia over events in Ukraine, Crimea, and Donbass, as well as economic sanctions that had been in effect for almost a year at the time of the interviews. Findings Respondents expressed substantial interest in vacationing in the USA despite their strong disagreement with USA international policies. While domestic tourism offerings were evaluated as inferior to those of other international destinations, patriotic sentiments with respect to domestic tourism were registered. Practical implications Brand USA is still very attractive to the potential tourists, especially such components as major cities, entertainment, oceans, beaches and resorts, as well as the vastness of its national parks. The absence of information with respect to travel to USA was noticed by all respondents. Originality/value The study is conducted in a situation of ongoing conflict between the two countries and explores how the feelings of animosity toward the USA influence the desire of Russian tourists to vacation in the USA.

8

Demenko, O. "Central Asia in Modern System of International Security." Problems of World History, no. 9 (November 26, 2019): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2019-9-7.

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The article explores the specificities in formation and implementation of security policy in the area of Central Asia. It analyzes basic global, regional and internal problems, which are considered to bethe main threat to regional stability. The article also formulates the grounds for the objection that current system of international security in the area is distinguished by complicated and multi – levelnature. It is formed through the activity of numerous international organizations, such as UN, OSCE, SCO, CSTO, EEU, NATO. Security situation in Central Asia is significantly influenced by RussianFederation, People’s Republic of China and the USA, the relations between which have recently become strained. The author develops the argumentation that security situation in Central Asiaremains complicated and unforeseen. The knot of global, regional and internal problems is overlapped strongly in the area and those problems have become the potential threat to regional stability.

9

Pokhrel, Bhabani. "Strained Identity: Cultural and Religious Rituals of a Musahar Community." Social Inquiry: Journal of Social Science Research 2, no. 1 (May 10, 2020): 128–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sijssr.v2i1.28912.

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This article portrays the Musahars, untouchable by tradition, as observing their cultural and religious rituals despite strains of change surrounding their identity. One of the diverse ethnic minorities of the Tarai plains of Nepal, the community exhibits a distinct set of characteristics, meriting ethnographic attention. Past studies have looked into their socio-economic situation but their cultural and religious practices, markers of their identity, are less studied. In that context, this paper has done the desk and field reviews of the cultural and religious traits seen in a small Musahar cluster of Province 1. The objectives were to describe the community’s everyday practices, what its members eat and drink, how they observe their life-cycle rituals, their feast and festivals, dresses and ornaments in light of literature, field observation and intensive interviews. The primary and secondary data are used to describe the everyday practices and strains of change in the Musahar identity. Interviews were held with four participants sampled purposively from Ward 1 of Biratnagar Metropolis, in Morang. The findings of this paper are expected to be useful for researchers interested in this particular community as well as for planners and policymakers who seek to bring the downtrodden community into the mainstream of development.

10

Rashmi Jaiswal. "World Health Day 2021: Amidst the Backdrop of COVID-19." International Healthcare Research Journal 5, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): SC1—SC2. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0501.04408.

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The world is currently going through a situation where we can see rising deaths due to COVID-19. If these records continue to hike in the same manner, then the day is not so far when, we will contribute to this and take this list further. With an already strained healthcare system across the globe, all countries are plagued by the emergence of the various waves of the pandemic. With the target to vaccinate the entire global population, the World Health Day 2021 with the theme “Building a Fairer, Healthier World” offers hope for a better, COVID-19 free world.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Strained situation":

1

Nilsson, Emma, Emilia Nilsson, and Ella Olausson. "Motivation : En kvalitativ studie om sjuksköterskors motivation under längre ansträngda situationer." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-103852.

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Purpose: The study's purpose is to test the existing motivation theories on nurses' perceptions of the phenomenon of motivation during a pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional study that deals with the phenomenon of motivation with a deductive research approach. Our data collection has taken place through a qualitative research strategy. Conclusion: The study has shown that nurses are primarily motivated by meaningfulness, appreciation and solidarity. Through the study, we have also been able to see that nurses are motivated by increased salaries and financial compensation.
Syfte: Studiens syfte är att pröva befintliga motivationsteorier på sjuksköterskors uppfattning av fenomenet motivation under en pandemi. Metod: En tvärsnittsstudie som behandlar fenomenet motivation med en deduktiv forskningsansats. Vår datainsamling har skett genom en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi. Slutsats: Studien har visat på att sjuksköterskor främst motiveras av känslan av meningsfullhet, uppskattning och gemenskap. Genom studien har vi även kunnat se att sjuksköterskor blir motiverade av ökad lön och ekonomisk ersättning.

2

Beraduce, Janet. "Crime and the Economy: Economic Effects on the Crime Rates of Youngstown, Ohio." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1290443483.

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3

Ellmin, Roger. "Läraryrkets tillfredsställelse och påfrestning en empirisk metodstudie för klassificering av kritiska situationer i lärares yrkesutövning = The satisfactions and strains of the teaching profession : an empirical method study for classification of critical situations in the practice of the teaching profession /." Stockholm : Stockholms universitet : Distributor, Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19814486.html.

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4

Thunander, Pia, and Manjula Anbratt. "Samband mellan upplevd stress och självtillit på arbetsplatsen : En studie utförd på kvinnor i arbetsrelaterade situationer." Thesis, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-412.

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Sammanfattning

Syftet med denna studie var att söka samband mellan upplevd stress och självtillit hos kvinnor i arbetsrelaterade situationer. Frågeställning: Finns det ett samband mellan upplevd stress och självtillit hos kvinnor i arbetsrelaterade situationer? Vår hypotes var att det finns ett samband mellan en kvinnas upplevda stress och självtillit i arbetsrelaterade situationer.

För vår undersökning krävdes att vi kan mäta två variabler; stressnivå och självtillit hos en individ. Vi har genomfört en kvantitativ studie där vi har använt oss av en webbaserad enkät. Vi har valt att studera yrkesverksamma kvinnor och har tillfrågat 100 kvinnor som alla har någon form av relation till oss. 62 % av kvinnorna svarade på enkäten vilket gav oss ett externt bortfall på 38 %. Det interna bortfallet eliminerade vi genom att utforma enkäten så att deltagarna antingen svarade på alla frågor eller ej registrerades.

Våra resultat valde vi att sammanställa i Excel och statistikprogrammet SPSS. Vi fick fram en korrelationskoefficient på -0,326 med en signifikansnivå på 0,010. Detta visar att korrelationen var svag men signifikant och att det fanns ett statistiskt säkerställt negativt samband mellan upplevd stress och självtillit. 60 % av kvinnorna som deltog i studien upplevde sitt arbete stressande ofta eller alltid och 90 % av studiedeltagarna upplevde att de ibland hade för mycket att göra på sitt arbete. 52 % av kvinnorna kände att de ofta eller alltid fick det stöd de behövde för att klara sina arbetsuppgifter. 50 % uppgav att de alltid eller ofta hade tillräckligt med tid att koppla av medan 29 % kände att de ibland hade tillräckligt med tid att koppla av.

Vi kan konstatera att det finns ett troligt samband mellan upplevd stress och självtillit hos kvinnor i arbetsrelaterade situationer då både tidigare forskning och vår undersökning tyder på detta förhållande. I vår studie hade studiedeltagarna generellt en hög självtillit och en relativt låg upplevd stressnivå. Den stress som deltagarna upplevde verkar kompenseras genom upplevelsen av kontroll över sitt arbete och möjligheten till återhämtning. Vi kan således konstatera att det kan vara positivt för en arbetsgivare att främja balans mellan medarbetarnas krav och kontroll.

I framtiden kan det vara av intresse att studera orsakssambandet mellan de undersökta faktorerna då det i vår studie inte var möjligt.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to find out whether there is a correlation between experienced strain and self-efficacy for women in work related situations. Question at issue: Is there a correlation between experienced strain and self-efficacy for women in workrelated situations?

To make the wanted comparison we had to be able to measure two variables; ones experienced strain level and the extent of self-efficacy. We have carried out a quantitative study by using a questionnaire. The population for the study consisted of 100 women in work related situations. 62 % decided to participate which gave us an external loss of 38 %. We were able to eliminate the internal loss by designing the questionnaire so that the participants either answered all the questions or where not registered.

We have compiled the result of the study in Excel and in the statistics program SPSS. That gave us the correlation coefficient -0,326 at a signification level of 0,010. This shows that the correlation was weak but significant and that the relation between strain and self-efficacy was negative. 60 % of the women in the study found their work to be stressful often or always and 90 % of the participants in the study found that they sometimes had too much to do at work. 52 % of the women found that they often or always received the support they needed to manage their work. 50 % stated that they always or often had time to relax whereas 29 % felt that they sometimes had time to relax.

We can establish that there is a possible correlation between strain and self-efficacy for women in work related situations. Both prior research and our study showed this relationship.

In our study the participants generally showed high levels of self-efficacy and relatively low levels of strain. The strain that the participants were experiencing seems to be compensated by high levels of control of their work situation and the possibility of recovery. Thus it may be positive for an employer to promote a balance between demands and control.

Further ahead it may be of interest to study the relation of cause between strain and self-efficacy as this was not possible in our study.

5

Kadri, Farid. "Contribution à la conception d'un système d'aide à la décision pour la gestion de situations de tension au sein des systèmes hospitaliers. Application à un service d'urgence." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0028/document.

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La prise en charge des flux des patients, en particulier les flux récurrents et consécutifs à des crises sanitaires (grippes, canicules, situations exceptionnelles) est l'un des problèmes les plus importants auquel les services des urgences (SU) doivent faire face. Pour gérer cet afflux de patients, les services des urgences nécessitent des ressources humaines et matérielles importantes, ainsi qu'un degré élevé de coordination entre ces ressources. Dans ces conditions, le personnel médical se voit confronté très fréquemment à des situations de tension qui compliquent très fortement sa tâche. L‘objet de cette thèse est de contribuer à l’amélioration de la gestion des situations de tension se produisant dans un service d’urgence en proposant un système d’aide à la décision, SAGEST (Système d’Aide à la décision pour la GEstion des Situations de Tensions), permettant i) le pilotage proactif du SU : prévision à court et/ou moyen terme de l'apparition de situations de tension et l'évolution du flux patients et la proposition d'actions de correction afin d'éviter l’occurrence de ces situations et ii) le pilotage réactif dans le cas où l'occurrence de la situation de tension n'a pas été détectée. Une architecture fonctionnelle du système SAGEST, s'appuyant sur le processus décisionnel du responsable du service d'urgence, est proposée. Les méthodologies et les modèles utilisés dans la construction des principales fonctions et de la base de connaissances sont décrits. Enfin, les résultats d’application des différents modèles du système SAGEST pour le service d’urgence pédiatrique (SUP) du centre hospitalier régional universitaire du Lille sont présentés et discutés
The management of patient flow, especially the flow resulting from health (flu, heat waves and exceptional circumstances) is one of the most important problems to manage in the emergency department (ED). To handle the influx of patients, emergency departments require significant human and material resources, and a high degree of coordination between these resources. Under these conditions, the medical and the paramedical staffs are often confronted with strain situations which greatly complicate their task. The main purpose of this thesis is to contribute to improving the management of situations of tension occurring in the emergency department by providing a decision support system, SAGEST. This DSS allows i) a proactive control of the ED: predicting at short and/or medium-term the occurrence of potential strain situations and proposing corrective actions to prevent the occurrence of these situations, ii) a reactive control in the case of no-detection of the strain situation occurrence. A functional architecture of the SAGEST system, based on the manager’s decision making process is proposed. Used methodologies and models embedded in the main functions and the knowledge base of the SAGEST system are described. Finally, experiments and results of different models of SAGEST system applied to the paediatric emergency department (PED) of the Regional University Hospital of Lille are presented and discussed

6

Alves, Denis Pires Rodrigues. "Modelagem do comportamento termomecânico de treliças espaciais em regime de grandes deslocamentos e deformações." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3598.

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As treliças espaciais são estruturas compostas de barras usualmente metálicas (aço ou alumínio) que são utilizadas para diversas finalidades, mas principalmente para sustentar a cobertura de grandes vãos presentes em galpões e pavilhões. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a modelagem computacional do comportamento termo-elastoplástico de treliças espaciais em regime de grandes deslocamentos e deformações, utilizando o modelo da equação de transferência de calor e um modelo constitutivo elastoplástico modificado para incluir a influência térmica. Simulações computacionais do modelo resultante podem ser usadas para o desenvolvimento de projetos de estruturas submetidas a grandes variações de temperatura, como as que ocorrem em um incêndio. O método dos elementos finitos (MEF) foi utilizado para determinar o campo de temperaturas na seção transversal das barras, enquanto que para encontrar os deslocamentos e as deformações nas barras em função da variação térmica e do carregamento foi utilizado o método da rigidez direta. Para resolver as equações de equilíbrio não-lineares resultantes do modelo constitutivo termomecânico foi utilizado o método de Newton-Raphson. O código desenvolvido foi inicialmente validado através de simulações computacionais em estruturas simples onde variações de temperatura alteram o módulo de elasticidade, o módulo plástico e a tensão de escoamento do material e podem causar a plastificação e até a ruptura das barras. Posteriormente são apresentados e discutidos os resultados obtidos a partir de treliças mais complexas, com geometria similar às usualmente utilizadas em aplicações de engenharia, submetido a uma situação simplificada de incêndio-padrão. A alta temperatura causa a diminuição da resistência e da rigidez das barras e informações importantes como o tempo de incêndio suportado pela estrutura e o número de barras plastificadas são extraídas das simulações e podem servir como uma medida de segurança para evitar danos maiores em locais com grandes aglomerados de pessoas.
Space trusses are structures usually composed of metalic rods (steel or aluminum) that are used for several purposes, but mainly to sustain the roof of large spans present in sheds and pavilions. The present work has the aim of computationally model the coupled thermo-elastoplastic behavior of space trusses under large displacements and large strains, using the heat transfer equation model and an elastoplastic constitutive model modified to include the thermal influence. Computer simulations of the resulting mathematical model can be used for the development of structural projects under large variations of temperature, as occurs in fire situations. The finite element method (FEM) was used to determine the temperature field in transversal section of rods. In order to find the displacements and strains due to thermal variation and loadings, it was used the direct stiffness method. The Newton-Raphson method was used to solve the resulting non-linear equilibrium equations of the thermomecanic constitutive model. The developed code was initially validated through computational simulations of simple structures where thermal variations affect the Young modulus, the plastic modulus and the yield stress of the material. The results of more complex trusses, with a geometry similar to the ones usually adopted in engineering applications, under a simplified standard fire situation are also presented. The high temperature causes a decrease in the rods' resistance and stiffness and important informations such as the fire time supported by the structure and the number of plastified rods are achieved from the simulations and can be used as a security measure to avoid greater damage in places with large crowds of people.

7

Jäger, Ruth. "Arbeitsmarkt und psychische Gesundheit." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1183463542147-19443.

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Zum gesellschaftlich relevanten Thema des Arbeitsmarktes findet sich kaum arbeitspsychologische Empirie. Erste Hinweise auf ein die Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger gefährdendes Potenzial einer schlechten Arbeitsmarktlage geben Studien aus den Bereichen der Freiwilligkeit in der Erwerbsarbeit und der Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit. Alle diese Studien sind jedoch Befragungen mit dem methodenimmanenten Interpretationsproblem der gemeinsamen Methodenvarianz. Unter Ausschluss dieses Methodenproblems wird zunächst ein Beitrag zur Klärung der Bedeutung der Arbeitsmarktsituation für die psychische Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger geleistet. In einem zweiten Schritt werden empirisch bewährte Merkmale der Arbeitssituation in die Analysen einbezogen. Den theoretischen Rahmen der Arbeit bilden das Belastungs-Beanspruchungs-Konzept (BBK) und ein spezifiziertes Zwei-Ebenen-Modell. Sekundäranalytisch werden zweier branchenspezifische Gelegenheitsstichproben (N1 = 183; N2 = 314) und die repräsentative BIBB/IAB-Strukturerhebung von 1998/1999 (N3 = 34.343) ausgewertet. Es liegt ein ex-post-facto-Design vor. Das Merkmal der Arbeitsmarktsituation wird als Risiko langzeitarbeitslos zu werden operationalisiert und dokumentenanalytisch generiert. Diese Operationalisierung erweist sich als valide. Die anderen Merkmale werden mittels schriftlicher Befragungen erhoben. Die Datenauswertung erfolgt mit Methoden des ALM. Die globalen Zusammenhänge zwischen der Arbeitsmarktsituation und der psychischen Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger sind marginal. Bei Betrachtung der mit Hilfe des BBK gebildeten Subgruppen zeigen sich jedoch hypothesenkonform veränderte Zusammenhänge. Dieses Ergebnismuster kann im Sinne des sozialepidemiologischen Risikofaktorenmodells als Beleg für das Belastungspotenzial einer schlechten Arbeitsmarktsituation angesehen werden. Zentral für die Vorhersage der psychischen Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger sind jedoch die Merkmale der Arbeitssituation: Auch in Zeiten mit einer problematischen Arbeitsmarktsituation reicht es nicht aus, einfach nur Arbeit zu haben. Die konkrete Arbeitssituation bleibt zentral
Within the field of occupational psychology there is very little empirical research on the socially highly relevant topic of the labor market. Studies on voluntariness within gainful occupation and on job insecurity have provided initial evidence that a poor labor market situation poses a potential risk to employees’ health. However, all of these studies can be criticized for having the method-immanent interpretation problem of shared method variance. Excluding this methodological problem, the present study, first, contributes to clarifying the role of the labor market situation for employees’ mental health. In a second step, empirically established characteristics of the personal job situation are included in the analyses. The theoretical framework for this research is the stress-strain concept (SSC) and a more specific two-level model. Secondary analyses are conducted with two sectoral convenience samples (N1 = 183; N2 = 314) and the representative BIBB/IAB data set of 1998/1999 (N3 = 34.343). An ex-post-facto design is used. The characteristic of the labor market situation was operationalized as the risk for long-term unemployment, which was generated through document analyses. This operationalization proves to be valid. Other characteristics were assessed with questionnaires. Data analyses were conducted with methods of the GLM. The overall relations between the labor market situation and mental health are marginal. However, when studying subgroups that were formed utilizing the SSC the observed relations vary as hypothesized. These findings can be interpreted within the social-epidemiological risk-factor model as a demonstration of the stress potential of poor labor market conditions. Nevertheless, the central predictors of employees’ mental health are characteristics of the personal job situation: Even in times of a problematic labor market situation just being employed it is not sufficient to ensure good mental health. The person’s specific job situation remains central

8

Jäger, Ruth. "Arbeitsmarkt und psychische Gesundheit: Zusammenhänge zwischen der Arbeitsmarktsituation und einem personenbezogenen Indikator für Beschäftigungsfähigkeit unter Beachtung von Merkmalen der Arbeitssituation." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24951.

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Zum gesellschaftlich relevanten Thema des Arbeitsmarktes findet sich kaum arbeitspsychologische Empirie. Erste Hinweise auf ein die Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger gefährdendes Potenzial einer schlechten Arbeitsmarktlage geben Studien aus den Bereichen der Freiwilligkeit in der Erwerbsarbeit und der Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit. Alle diese Studien sind jedoch Befragungen mit dem methodenimmanenten Interpretationsproblem der gemeinsamen Methodenvarianz. Unter Ausschluss dieses Methodenproblems wird zunächst ein Beitrag zur Klärung der Bedeutung der Arbeitsmarktsituation für die psychische Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger geleistet. In einem zweiten Schritt werden empirisch bewährte Merkmale der Arbeitssituation in die Analysen einbezogen. Den theoretischen Rahmen der Arbeit bilden das Belastungs-Beanspruchungs-Konzept (BBK) und ein spezifiziertes Zwei-Ebenen-Modell. Sekundäranalytisch werden zweier branchenspezifische Gelegenheitsstichproben (N1 = 183; N2 = 314) und die repräsentative BIBB/IAB-Strukturerhebung von 1998/1999 (N3 = 34.343) ausgewertet. Es liegt ein ex-post-facto-Design vor. Das Merkmal der Arbeitsmarktsituation wird als Risiko langzeitarbeitslos zu werden operationalisiert und dokumentenanalytisch generiert. Diese Operationalisierung erweist sich als valide. Die anderen Merkmale werden mittels schriftlicher Befragungen erhoben. Die Datenauswertung erfolgt mit Methoden des ALM. Die globalen Zusammenhänge zwischen der Arbeitsmarktsituation und der psychischen Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger sind marginal. Bei Betrachtung der mit Hilfe des BBK gebildeten Subgruppen zeigen sich jedoch hypothesenkonform veränderte Zusammenhänge. Dieses Ergebnismuster kann im Sinne des sozialepidemiologischen Risikofaktorenmodells als Beleg für das Belastungspotenzial einer schlechten Arbeitsmarktsituation angesehen werden. Zentral für die Vorhersage der psychischen Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger sind jedoch die Merkmale der Arbeitssituation: Auch in Zeiten mit einer problematischen Arbeitsmarktsituation reicht es nicht aus, einfach nur Arbeit zu haben. Die konkrete Arbeitssituation bleibt zentral.
Within the field of occupational psychology there is very little empirical research on the socially highly relevant topic of the labor market. Studies on voluntariness within gainful occupation and on job insecurity have provided initial evidence that a poor labor market situation poses a potential risk to employees’ health. However, all of these studies can be criticized for having the method-immanent interpretation problem of shared method variance. Excluding this methodological problem, the present study, first, contributes to clarifying the role of the labor market situation for employees’ mental health. In a second step, empirically established characteristics of the personal job situation are included in the analyses. The theoretical framework for this research is the stress-strain concept (SSC) and a more specific two-level model. Secondary analyses are conducted with two sectoral convenience samples (N1 = 183; N2 = 314) and the representative BIBB/IAB data set of 1998/1999 (N3 = 34.343). An ex-post-facto design is used. The characteristic of the labor market situation was operationalized as the risk for long-term unemployment, which was generated through document analyses. This operationalization proves to be valid. Other characteristics were assessed with questionnaires. Data analyses were conducted with methods of the GLM. The overall relations between the labor market situation and mental health are marginal. However, when studying subgroups that were formed utilizing the SSC the observed relations vary as hypothesized. These findings can be interpreted within the social-epidemiological risk-factor model as a demonstration of the stress potential of poor labor market conditions. Nevertheless, the central predictors of employees’ mental health are characteristics of the personal job situation: Even in times of a problematic labor market situation just being employed it is not sufficient to ensure good mental health. The person’s specific job situation remains central.

9

Chandoul, Wided. "Conception et réalisation d'un système d'aide à la gestion des tensions dans les services d'urgences pédiatriques : vers des nouvelles approches d'évaluation, de quantification et d'anticipation." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0010/document.

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La Tension dans un Service d’Urgences (SU) est un déséquilibre entre le flux de charge des soins et la capacité de prise en charge sur une durée suffisante pouvant entrainer des conséquences néfastes au bon fonctionnement. Elle se reflète par la surcharge des locaux, l’allongement des délais de traitement et d’attente. Ce qui provoque à la fois l’insatisfaction des patients et l’anxiété du personnel. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet HOST financé par le programme ANR-TECSAN-2011 afin d’élaborer un Système d'Aide à la Gestion de la Tension (SAGeT) assurant trois objectifs:1. L’évaluation multicritère grâce à une panoplie d’indicateurs agrégés par la logique floue afin de résoudre la subjectivité du ressentie humain de la tension. Chaque scénario d’évaluation déclenche des règles de décision spécifiques ciblant ainsi des points de défaillance à surveiller.2. L’anticipation de la demande sur différents horizons temporels : l’application des méthodes SARIMA et SARIMAX est justifiée par la saisonnalité des chroniques de visites et l’influence de certains paramètres externes (épidémies, vacances, météo). De plus, la qualité de l’information venant de l’historique a été améliorée par une recomposition d’historique basée sur la vraisemblance journalière.3. L’amélioration de la gestion des flux et le pilotage de l’activité puisque l’utilisation de SAGeT comme un tableau de bord offre une vue macro sur l’ensemble de l’activité (lits occupés, patients en attente, durées de passages prévisionnelles et allongements excessifs). Les simulations traitent des vrais scénarios de tension observés entre 2011 et 2013 dans le SU Pédiatriques Jeanne de Flandre du CHRU-Lille
He strain in an Emergency Department (ED) is an imbalance between the total demand load of healthcare treatment and resources ability to support it during a convenient horizon, which may results negative consequences on the smooth running of the activity. It is reflected by overcrowding, longer treatment and waiting times which causes both patients dissatisfaction and anxiety of personnel. This thesis is part of the HOST project funded by the ANR-TECSAN-2011 program to develop a Management Support System of Strain (MSSS) ensuring three objectives:1. Multi-criteria evaluation through a variety of indicators aggregated by fuzzy logic to solve the subjectivity of the human feeling of strain. Each evaluation scenario involves specific decision rules targeting to supervise failure points.2. Demand forecasting through several time horizons: applying SARIMA and SARIMAX methods is justified by the time series seasonality of visits and the influence of some external parameters (epidemics, holidays, weather). In addition, the quality of the historical information has been improved by a history rebuilding based on the daily likelihood.3. Improving flow management and activity monitoring since the use of MSSS as a dashboard provides a macro view of the whole activity (beds occupied, waiting, estimated length of stay, excessive elongation).The simulations address real strain scenarios observed between 2011 and 2013 in the Pediatric ED Jeanne de Flandre of the Regional University Hospital of Lille (France)

Книги з теми "Strained situation":

1

Ellmin, Roger. Läraryrkets tillfredsställelse och påfrestning: En empirisk metodstudie för klassificering av kritiska situationer i lärares yrkesutövning = The satisfactions and strains of the teaching profession : an empirical method study for classification of critical situations in the practice of the teaching profession. Stockholm: Stockholms universitet, 1988.

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2

Pricope, Mihaela. Start LR. Manual de limba romana pentru cetatenii straini. Editura Universitara, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5682/9786062811471.

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Manualul START LR se adreseaza cetatenilor straini care studiaza limba romana si este conceput pentru nivelul A1 conform Cadrului European Comun de Referinta pentru Limbi Straine. Cartea contine 10 unitati tematice care ajuta la fixarea cunostintelor de baza de gramatica cat si la insusirea unui vocabular util in situatii reale de viata cum ar fi: la secretariat, in taxi, la doctor, la cumparaturi, etc. Manualul de fata vizeaza dobandirea competentelor de comunicare orala si scrisa in contexte variate si contine texte scrise si audio pentru practicarea intelegerii unui fragment. El poate fi utilizat de catre profesorii de limba romana ca limba straina sau pentru studiu individual.

3

Lethborg, Carrie, and Grace H. Christ. Social work support in settings of crisis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0045.

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Social work has a long history of providing support to people living with cancer and their families. The overall objective of the social worker in this setting is to support and equip the patient and those close to them to navigate and adjust to the impact of the disease on their lives. The social work perspective views living with cancer as an experience accompanied by a series of challenges as treatment decisions are made, side effects are endured, and relationships strained. For most patients, these challenges are managed with support from loved ones and their healthcare team. However, any one of these difficulties can develop into a crisis or a situation where customary methods of coping do not work and the person living with the disease feels overwhelmed. The focus of this chapter will be on the social work role during the crisis periods of the cancer experience.

4

Dawson, Susan. Other bacterial diseasesStaphylococcal zoonoses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0026.

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Staphylococcal species are common commensals of the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals but only in very recent years has zoonotic infections been recognised. They can also be associated with infection and disease, especially coagulase positive organisms. Staphylococcus aureus is relatively frequently carried by humans in the nasal passages and is a cause of infections in people including bacteraemias in hospitalised patients. More recently some strains of Staphylococcus aureus have acquired a resistance gene (mecA) which renders them resistant to meticillin (meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA). MRSA isolates are of major importance in healthcare situations as well as increasingly in the community. Animals can also be carriers of Staphylococcus aureus although less frequently than humans and MRSA can be carried or infect several different host species. For companion animals such as dogs and cats, the most frequently isolated MRSA strains are similar to the common local human healthcare strains; thus for the UK, EMRSA-15 and -16. This suggests a reverse zoonosis with spill over from the human population into their companion animals. In horses the situation is different, with some horses carrying or infected with human epidemic strains but others infected with strains less frequently seen in people. For food-producing animals the picture is different again with a particular strain, ST398, which appears to circulate endemically in animal populations, such as pigs, and can spill over into the human population where it can cause carriage as well as infection and disease. The transmission appears to be by direct contact with animals rather than through the food-chain.Where risk factors for infection with MRSA have been studied in animals they appear similar to some of the risks for human infection. Therefore, for control of MRSA in animals measures such as improved hygiene and good antibacterial stewardship are important.

5

Ekblom, Paul. Evolutionary Approaches to Rational Choice. Edited by Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder, and Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.2.

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This chapter seeks to enrich and extend thinking about the rational choice perspective to offender decision making and its pivotal application in situational crime prevention by taking an evolutionary approach, which is still uncommon in crime science and criminology. The chapter introduces basic concepts of evolution, covering the brain and behavior, levels and types of explanation, the strained relationship with social science, and the evidencing of evolutionary processes. The focus then shifts to rationality, covering decision making; the wider suite of processes needed to understand rationality in action; and specific discussions of cooperation, humans’ wider “sociocognitive niche,” and development. Although evolutionary issues are addressed throughout, the penultimate section discusses how rationality in the broadest sense has unfolded over evolutionary history and the significant connection between maximization of utility in contemporary rational choice and maximization/optimization of fitness in evolution. The conclusion raises practical, empirical, and theoretical questions for crime science.

6

Galderisi, Maurizio, and Sergio Mondillo. Assessment of diastolic function. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199599639.003.0009.

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Modern assessment of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function should be based on the estimation of degree of LV filling pressure (LVFP), which is the true determinant of symptoms/signs and prognosis in heart failure.In order to achieve this goal, standard Doppler assessment of mitral inflow pattern (E/A ratio, deceleration time, isovolumic relaxation time) should be combined with additional manoeuvres and/or ultrasound tools such as: ◆ Valsalva manoeuvre applied to mitral inflow pattern. ◆ Pulmonary venous flow pattern. ◆ Velocity flow propagation by colour M-mode. ◆ Pulsed wave tissue Doppler of mitral annuls (average of septal and lateral E′ velocity).In intermediate doubtful situations, the two-dimensional determination of left atrial (LA) volume can be diagnostic, since LA enlargement is associated with a chronic increase of LVFP in the absence of mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation.Some new echocardiographic technologies, such as the speckle tracking-derived LV longitudinal strain and LV torsion, LA strain, and even the three-dimensional determination of LA volumes can be potentially useful to add further information. In particular, the reduction of LV longitudinal strain in patients with LV diastolic dysfunction and normal ejection fraction demonstrates that a subclinical impairment of LV systolic function already exists under these circumstances.

7

Koser, Khalid. 6. Refugees and asylum-seekers. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198753773.003.0006.

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Asylum-seekers are those who have applied for international protection. Asylum status is still governed by the 1951 United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. ‘Refugees and asylum-seekers’ explains the changing geography of refugees and the causes and consequences of refugee movements. Refugees tend not to travel very far, putting strain on the poorest countries, and mostly settle in camps, which suffer from aid misappropriation. There are three durable solutions for refugees: voluntary repatriation, local integration, and third-country settlement. Each can be problematic and none is working well at the moment, as demonstrated by rising numbers of refugees, the increasing proportion of protracted refugee situations, and fewer returns.

8

Soulsby, Lord. Antimicrobial resistance: animal use of antibiotics. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0005.

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The evolution of resistance to microbes is one of the most significant problems in modern medicine, posing serious threats to human and animal health. The early work on the use of antibiotics to bacterial infections gave much hope that infectious diseases were no longer a problem, especially in the human field. However, as their use, indeed over use, progressed, resistance (both mono-resistance and multi-resistance), which was often transferable between different strains and species of bacteria, emerged. In addition, the situation is increasingly complex, as various mechanisms of resistance, including a wide range of β -lactamases, are now complicating the issue. The use of antibiotics in animals, especially those used for growth promotion, has come in for serious criticism, especially those where their use should be reserved for difficult human infections. To lend control, certain antibiotic growth promoters have been banned from use in the EU and the UK.It is now a decade since the UK House of Lords Science and Technology Committee (1998) highlighted concerns about antimicrobial resistance and the dangers to human health of resistant organisms derived from animals fed antibiotics for growth promotion or the treatment of infectious diseases. The concern expressed in the House of Lords report was similar to that in other major reports on the subject, for example from the World Health Organization, the Wellcome Foundation, the Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Food and the Swann Report (1969) in which it was recommended that antibiotics used in human medicine should not be used as growth promoters in animals. At the press conference to launch the Lord’s Report it was emphasized that unless serious attention was given to dealing with resistance ‘we may find ourselves returning to a pre-antibiotic era’. The evolution of resistance is one of the significant problems in modern medicine, a much changed situation when the early work on antibiotics gave hope that infectious diseases were no longer a problem, especially in the human field. Optimism was so strong that the Surgeon General of the USA, William H Stewart, in 1969 advised the US Congress that ‘it is time to close the book on infectious diseases and to declare that work against the pestilence is over’. This comment was not only mistaken but it was also damaging to human health undertakings and also reduced funding for research on infectious diseases.Despite the widespread support for and dependence on antibiotics, resistance was increasingly reported worldwide and to recognize the global problem a group of medical workers established in 1981, at Tufts University, the Alliance for the Prudent use of Antibiotics (APUA). This now has affiliated chapters on over 60 countries, many in the developing world. APUA claims to be the ‘world’s leading organization conducting antimicrobial resistance research, education, capacity building and advocacy at the global and grass roots levels’.

Частини книг з теми "Strained situation":

1

Sparks, Kate, and Cary L. Cooper. "Occupational Differences in the Work-Strain Relationship: Towards the Use of Situation-Specific Models." In From Stress to Wellbeing Volume 1, 315–26. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137310651_15.

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2

Chaabane, Sondes, and Farid Kadri. "Toward a Proactive and Reactive Simulation-Based Emergency Department Control System to Cope with Strain Situations." In Operations Research and Simulation in Healthcare, 123–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45223-0_6.

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3

Paula, Kuzemenska, Dominique A. Caugant, L. O. Frøholm, and R. K. Selander. "Multilocus genotypes determined by enzyme electrophoresis in Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated from meningitis patients in a nonepidemic situation in the Czech Republic." In Neisseriae 1990, edited by Mark Achtman, Peter Kohl, Christian Marchal, Giovanna Morelli, Andrea Seiler, and Burghard Thiesen, 87–92. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110867787-018.

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4

Boehmer, Konrad. "‘Non, je ne regrette rien’." In Red Strains. British Academy, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197265390.003.0004.

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Konrad Boehmer is the composer of numerous electro-acoustic, stage and instrumental works, a distinguished teacher of composition, music history and theory, and a prodigious writer on music, politics, and society. This chapter recounts his close involvement in the early 1970s with student communist parties in Germany and the Netherlands, and the questions that this involvement raised for his own compositional activities. Whilst the activism of these parties was in many ways naïve and short-sighted, the problems which they sought to address have only become more severe, a situation that today poses almost intractable difficulties for composers wishing to pursue independent and socially meaningful aesthetic production.

5

Broadfoot, Kirsten J., and Todd A. Guth. "Keys to Effective Communication in All Circumstances." In Communication in Emergency Medicine, edited by Maria E. Moreira and Andrew J. French, 27–42. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190852917.003.0003.

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Emergency departments (EDs), with their high degree of interruption, evolving and often incoherent patient stories, and multiple patient needs, strain practitioner cognitive processing over time, forcing a reliance on default communication approaches and pattern recognition. This shift to scripted, routinized, and default approaches to interaction in the ED reduces situational awareness, impacting providers’ ability to respond appropriately to the person and story in front of them and their clinical decision making. However, being able to rapidly and effectively adapt to circumstances is essential for high-functioning providers in emergency department settings. Although solid, learned fundamental communication checklists can suffice in straightforward, low-stakes, or routine individual and team encounters, complicated, high-stakes, or unusual circumstances or situations require effective communicators to move beyond habituated communication practices to those that enable providers to appropriately interpret and adapt to circumstances while respecting self, others, and context.

6

Cavallaro, A., V. Fioravante, G. Lanzo, D. C. F. Lo Presti, O. Pallara, S. Rampello, A. d’Onofrio, F. S. de Magistris, and F. Silvestri. "Report on the current situation of laboratory stress-strain testing of geomaterials in Italy and its use in practice." In Advanced Laboratory Stress-Strain Testing of Geomaterials, 15–44. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315136776-2.

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7

Bayly, Brian. "Change of Shape and Change of Volume." In Chemical Change in Deforming Materials. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195067644.003.0012.

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In earlier chapters we first defined a material's chemical potential, and then went on to enquire how the material responds. And similarly with a state of nonhydrostatic stress: having reviewed what it is, we consider how a material might respond. For the sake of simplicity, we imagine an extensive sample, such as a cubic meter, and suppose that the stress state is the same in every cubic centimeter; that is to say, there are no gradients in stress from point to point. Thus we do not enquire yet how a material responds to a spatial stress gradient; that comes later. We first enquire how it responds to a homogeneous but nonhydrostatic stress. Inside the material, close to the point of interest, we define a small length l by means of the material particles at its two ends. If, at a later moment, we find the distance between the particles to be l — δl, then we envisage the limit of the ratio δl/l as l goes to zero, give the limit the symbol ε, and name it the linear strain at the point of interest in the direction of l, positive when δl is positive, i.e., for a shortening and negative for an elongation. Another mental operation that can be performed in the neighborhood of the point of interest is to define a small sphere by means of the material particles that form its surface. At a later moment the particles will form the surface of an ellipsoid. (For a large sphere and an inhomogeneous situation, the new shape can be something more complicated; but as the imagined original sphere approaches zero diameter, the shape of its deformed counter-part can only approach an ellipsoid). The axes of the ellipsoid are principal directions of strain, and the magnitudes of the strains along them are named ε1, ε2, and ε3, with ε1 the largest. In an isotropic material, the principal axes of stress and strain coincide, with ε1 lying along the direction of σ1 and correspondingly; see Figure 7.la. As with stresses, the three values of ε themselves define an ellipsoid if they are all positive—see Figure 7.1b.

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Kobayashi, Shiro, Soo-Ik Oh, and Taylan Altan. "Plasticity and Viscoplasticity." In Metal Forming and the Finite-Element Method. Oxford University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195044027.003.0007.

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The theory of plasticity describes the mechanics of deformation in plastically deforming solids, and, as applied to metals and alloys, it is based on experimental studies of the relations between stresses and strains under simple loading conditions. The theory described here assumes the ideal plastic body for which the Bauschinger effect and size effects are neglected. The theory also is valid only at temperatures for which recovery, creep, and thermal phenomena can be neglected. The basic theory of classical plasticity is described by Hill, and also in References, in addition to the books listed in Chap. 1. A concise description of the general plasticity theory necessary for metal forming is given in the book by Johnson et al.. In this chapter, certain important aspects of the theory are presented in order to elucidate the developments of the finite-element solutions of metal-forming problems discussed in this book. First, various measures of stress and strain are introduced. Then, the governing equations for plastic deformation and principles that are the foundations for the analysis are described. The extension of the theory of plasticity to time-dependent theory of viscoplasticity is outlined in Section 4.8. Particular references are made, in Sections 4.3 through 4.7, to the books by Hill and by Johnson and Mellor, and to the section on general plasticity theory in the book by Johnson et al.. The basic quantities that may be used to describe the mechanics of deformation when a body deforms from one configuration to another under an external load are the stress, strain, and strain-rate. Various measures of these quantities are defined, depending upon how closely formulations represent actual situations. Although it is not possible to provide the complete mathematical formulations in one-dimensional deformation, these measures are introduced for the case of simple uniaxial tension. Consider the uniaxial tension test of a round specimen whose initial length is l0 and cross-sectional area is A0. The specimen is stretched in the axial direction by the force P to the length l and the cross-sectional area A at time t, as shown in Fig. 4.1. The response of the material is recorded as the load-displacement curve, and converted to the stress-strain curve as shown in the figure. The deformation is assumed to be homogeneous until necking begins.

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Macknight, Elizabeth C. "Incapacity and debt." In Nobility and patrimony in modern France. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526120519.003.0005.

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This chapter begins with the efforts to find a solution when an heir proved incapable of exercising responsibility for property affairs owing to a long-term illness or disability. Failure to address incapacity in an heir could jeopardise not only the individual’s patrimony but also the maintenance of the family’s economic, cultural, and social capital. Tutelle and curatelle were legal mechanisms for managing such situations and the chapter documents family decision-making in archival case studies. The second issue explored is the nature of aristocratic behaviour when financial debts strained or exhausted nobles’ control of economic capital. Causes of financial difficulties are analysed as well as the effects on health, moral attitudes surrounding borrowing, and the implications of chronic indebtedness for succession and family dynamics in modern France.

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Park, Yoosun. "Social Work in the Camps." In Facilitating Injustice, 202–48. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199765058.003.0006.

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That the “abnormal communities” of the concentration camps put great strains on family life was a conclusion universally agreed upon by all who had first-hand knowledge of the situation and had cause to comment. The “unendurable housing situation” was “a constant source of irritation and friction within these households,” said to be a factor in a host of issues, including juvenile delinquency and marital disputes. The Nikkei were trapped in a setting which not only exacerbated existing issues and propagated new ones that would probably never have arisen under normal living conditions, but they were also stripped them of any control over the care of their most vulnerable members. Social work departments, simultaneously, held a great deal of power over the lives of men and women who found themselves in these difficult circumstances and had few resources with which to effect solutions.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Strained situation":

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Fuhrmann, Thomas, and Michael Niemetz. "Planned Chaos in Electrical Engineering Education." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.10989.

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This paper presents the idea to intentionally introduce planned chaos into electrical engineering lectures and lab courses to improve students’ learning success. The reason to present this idea are several personal experiences in daily teaching. If students experience some uncertainty in their study program, it is seen that they have higher challenges and therefore higher learning success in managing uncertain situations. In these ways, students acquire methodical and social competences to deal with uncertainty and achieve productive results in an unstable working environment. If, however, the chaos is too large, students are over-strained with the situation, distracted from the actual learning targets and consequently learning results will be worse, drop-out rates will increase and they will be frustrated. The beneficial level of uncertainty depends on the student culture, academic progress and personality characteristics. The competence to deal with complex situations is essential for later professional life where unexpected circumstances occur regularly. Introducing planned chaos into lectures and lab courses has not to be confused with a missing didactic concept and is no justification for a bad preparation. Planned chaos is a demanding concept for professors to find the right implementation for an optimized learning outcome. These described findings are experienced from practical work and student evaluations.

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Sipilä, Hans. "Evaluation of Single Track Timetables Using Simulation." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3820.

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One way to model train operations and make predictions of future outcome is to use simulation. Many lines and networks connecting major cities have a high capacity utilization, meaning that running additional trains leads to an even more strained situation and delays are likely to increase. The mix of average train speeds is also related to capacity and delay propagation. Considering one line or several lines connected in a network a requested train traffic can consist of different train categories and departure frequencies. There are usually several possible timetables satisfying this traffic demand. The infrastructure often implies limitations on the type and volume of traffic that can be handled. Additionally constraints introduced by requests for regular intervals, minimum headways, passenger transfers between trains etc. can reduce the number of acceptable timetables. This paper presents an approach using combinatorial train initiations and simulation to generate conflict-free timetables. These can then be simulated with random variations in departure and dwell times. This is implemented on a fictive single track line with high speed passenger train traffic. The objective is to study outcome by varying allowance times and delays. Simulations are carried out in RailSys, a software using synchronous simulation to model train traffic operations.

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Darcis, Philippe P., Eduardo Aguilar, Emma Erezuma, Israel Marines-Garcia, Eduardo A. Ruiz, and Hector M. Quintanilla. "In-Service Fatigue Performance of SCR Girth Welds Installed by Reeling." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83465.

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Interest arises on verifying the SCR girth welds fatigue response to a more representative loading spectrum of the actual in-service conditions and after reel-lay deformation. It is important to determine if the actual riser component’s qualification, without pre-straining and under constant amplitude loading, evidences discrepancies with in-service conditions, in terms of fatigue strength. This situation has motivated the full scale S-N fatigue performance evaluation of SCR girth welds under constant and variable amplitude loading, and after reel-lay simulations. A CMn steel X65 pipe 10.75” outside diameter (OD) and 25.4 mm wall thickness (WT) was chosen for this program. The Welding Procedure developed for girth welds manufacturing involved the use of the Lincoln STT® process for the root pass and the GMAW process for the fill and cap passes. Reeling trials were performed at Stress Engineering Services, Houston, U.S.A.. A dedicated commercial software was used to simulate the variable amplitude loading spectrum, which is representative of a SCR Touch Down Point (TDP) in West of Africa at a water depth of 1,200 m (3937 ft) and a FPSO as production platform. The experimental approach was focused on estimating the damage introduced by reeling and by loading cycles of various magnitudes in the riser service time history. Results of strained and unstrained specimens, tested at constant and variable amplitude, have been compared, and the cumulative damage rule typically used by Riser fatigue designers has been evaluated (i.e. Miner’s linear cumulative damage rule). Systematic fractographic investigations were performed on all the samples after testing to identify their fatigue failure initiation causes.

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Hadidi-Moud, Saeid, and David J. Smith. "Use of Elastic Follow-Up in Integrity Assessment of Structures." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61754.

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This paper reviews the concepts and definitions related to elastic follow-up, Z, together with its potential use in stress classification. Based on the principles governing benchmark multiple bar structures elastic follow-up (EFU) is quantified. Local nonlinearities arising within a structure influence elastic follow-up. These include variations in the geometry of structure, its material properties, effects of plasticity and creep, structural discontinuities and boundary conditions. Elastic follow-up is shown to be simple to evaluate, is physically meaningful (as it relates strain accumulation in the structure to its cause) and is useful in design practice. In this generalised definition Z = 1 indicates no follow-up and represents a fully displacement controlled situation. In contrast Z = ∞ represents the extreme case of fully load controlled situation. Presence of mixed boundary conditions is interpreted as 1 < Z < ∞. A methodology that overcomes the singularity problem of cracked structure to determine Z is then proposed. The distinctive characteristic of the proposed approach is that it takes account of situations where the structure contains defects.

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Kadri, Farid, Sondes Chaabane, Abdelghani Bekrar, and Christian Tahon. "Resilience-based performance assessment of strain situations in emergency departments." In 2015 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Systems Management (IESM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iesm.2015.7380221.

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Kadri, Farid, Sondès Chaabane, and Christian Tahon. "Reactive Control System to Manage Strain Situations in Emergency Departments." In 13th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005988105760583.

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Cullen, Barry, and Jim McGovern. "Proposed Otto Cycle/Stirling Cycle Hybrid Engine Based Power Generation System." In ASME 2008 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2008-60039.

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The generation of electrical and thermal power is a matter of critical importance to the modern world. Considerable quantities of both power types are required in all sectors of society; industrial, domestic and leisure, with the future prosperity of both developed and developing societies being dependant on generation of both a sufficient quantity and quality of power. Central to this discussion on the international front is the topic of fossil fuel usage. Despite considerable advances in renewable energy conversion technologies, the human race remains dependant on fossil fuels as a primary energy source. With increasing demand for these finite resources giving rise to strained international relations and economic uncertainty, emphasis has fallen on optimization of usage patterns. The area of power plant efficiency is essential to this optimization. This paper proposes a method for increasing the efficiency of an Otto cycle engine based plant as is typically used in CHP and other Distributed Generation scenarios. The method proposed is to utilise a Stirling cycle engine as a heat recovery device on the exhaust stream of the Otto engine. Thermal energy that may otherwise be lost would thereby be recovered and used to generate additional electrical power. In this manner energy is effectively diverted from the exhaust flow of the engine and converted to mechanical work by way of the Stirling cycle engine. It is postulated that this combined cycle will yield higher plant efficiency than the Otto engine alone. This paper introduces work completed to date and an experimental plan for the project. The project was initiated at undergraduate level as a feasibility study for application of the hybrid engine in automotive circumstances. The study suggested that the combination of the engines in the proposed manner was indeed feasible, with significant power gains possible. However, it proved unlikely that automotive application was the best use of the system unless certain constraints were addressed. Therefore, it was decided to pursue the concept in terms of a stationary generation system. The advantages of the stationary system over the automotive system are addressed briefly, with the constraints of the automotive scenario analysed and their relevance to the stationary generation situation examined. The central areas under investigation are detailed, including thermodynamic theory pertaining to the Otto cycle and Stirling cycle engines, and the combined cycles. Possible limiting factors to the design are discussed also.

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Cai, Wayne W., John E. Carsley, Daniel B. Hayden, Louis G. Hector, and Thomas B. Stoughton. "Estimation of Metal Hardening Models at Large Strains." In ASME 2007 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2007-31137.

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Simulation accuracy of large strain deformation of sheet metals, such as that which occurs during hemming and vehicle crash situations, is limited because existing hardening laws (true stress vs. true strain relationships) are extrapolated from uniform elongation data and applied for post-uniform deformation. In this paper, a reverse-engineering method was developed to predict metal hardening laws at large strains beyond uniform elongation for sheet metals. The method required a standard uniaxial tensile test and finite element analyses (FEA), and was implemented as a custom computer code called GMSS (General Motors Stress-Strain). The true stress vs. true strain data pairs are determined when the load and displacement history of a tensile test specimen matches the FEA results using GMSS. Test cases showed that the true stress vs. true strain relationships at very large strains (75% for AA6111 aluminum, and 85% for DP600 steel) could be automatically generated using GMSS. This reverse-engineering method will provide General Motors with an easy-to-use tool for generating very accurate metal hardening laws for post-uniform deformation that can greatly improve the accuracy of FEA for formability (including hemming), and crashworthiness simulations.

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Cosham, Andrew, and Kenneth A. Macdonald. "Fracture Control in Pipelines Under High Plastic Strains: A Critique of DNV-RP-F108." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64348.

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Offshore pipelines experience strains greater than yield during pipelay and in service. Installation by reeling introduces high levels of plastic strain, typically on the order of 2 percent for a 12 in. flowline. Controlled lateral buckling in offshore pipelines, due to high operating pressures and/or temperatures, may also give rise to high strains and large cyclic loads. Similarly, frost heave or ground movement in onshore pipelines can cause high strains. To date, most of the cases involving high strains are to be found in offshore pipelines, in terms of both design and the assessment of accidental states. However, some of the experiences in the offshore industry have relevance to onshore pipelines. Fracture control in this context is designing pipelines to address the implications of these high static and cyclic strains during installation/construction and operation. Pipeline design codes such as DNV-OS-F101 and DNV-RP-F108 give guidance. Two issues to consider are: the degradation of the material properties, and the failure of the girth welds. High strains may cause failure or the growth — by stable ductile tearing — of preexisting flaws in the weld. Subsequent fatigue loading may cause pre-existing flaws to grow to failure. Engineering critical assessments (ECAs) are conducted during pipeline design to determine tolerable sizes for weld flaws. Standards such as BS 7910 and API 579 are primarily stress-based and it is not straightforward to apply them to strain-based situations. DNV-RP-F108 addresses this gap by providing additional guidance derived from UK and Norwegian research programmes. Assessing flaws subject to high strains is at the ‘cutting-edge’ of applied fracture mechanics. ECAs often have a reputation of being ‘over-conservative’. ECAs of pipelines subject to high strains may indicate that only very small flaws would be acceptable, whereas practical experience has shown that the girth welds are highly tolerant to the presence of flaws. It is therefore instructive to consider under what situations might ECAs be too conservative, and when they may be non-conservative. The available guidance for ensuring fracture control in pipelines under high plastic strains is discussed in this paper, and the wider issues are addressed.

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KADRI, FARID, SONDES CHAABANE, and CHRISTIAN TAHON. "TOWARD A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF STRAIN SITUATIONS IN HOSPITAL EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS." In Conference on Uncertainty Modelling in Knowledge Engineering and Decision Making (FLINS 2016). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813146976_0091.

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