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Готові списки джерел за темами / Strip mining – Cost control

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Strip mining – Cost control"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 20 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Strip mining – Cost control":

1

Zhu, Xiaojun, Guangli Guo, Hui Liu, Xueni Peng, and Xiaoyu Yang. "Research on the Stability Evaluation Model of Composite Support Pillar in Backfill-Strip Mining." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (February 18, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3138258.

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Backfill-strip mining, which combines the advantages of strip mining and backfill mining, is proposed to overcome high cost and shortage of filling materials in coal mines at present. The composite support pillar (CSP) is a combined support pillar of the filling body and coal pillar for supporting the overlying strata and achieving subsidence control. The stability of CSP is the key to the success of subsidence control in backfill-strip mining engineering. A stability evaluation model of the CSP mechanical model was proposed. First, the lateral stress between the coal pillar and filling body is calculated in consideration of their interaction relation in CSP based on the earth pressure theory. Then, the width calculation models of the broken and plastic zones of three types of CSPs are established on the basis of limit equilibrium theory. On this basis, the mathematical model of the safety design width of the three types of CSPs is proposed to ensure the stability of CSP. Meanwhile, an engineering case of stability width design of CSP is shown. This study can provide theoretical reference and technical support for the engineering design of backfill-strip mining.

2

Liu, Peng Liang. "Research on Surface Movement Deformation Characteristics of Full-Pillar Extraction by Filled Wide Working Face Layout in Strip Mining." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 1183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.1183.

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Full-pillar extraction by filled wide working face layout in strip mining resolved the course of surface deformation and moving into two period drew support from wide working face layout in partial mining, filling in roof falling zone and full-pillar extraction. It could carry point of reducing mining effect and protecting surface.This paper explained technical principle of full-pillar extraction by filled wide working face layout in strip mining, and analysed effect of wide working face partial mining and roof filling in falling zone in this technology, and researched the features of surface deformation and moving with this technology in a demonstration. Resources under buildings and Coal demand increased year by year with rapid development of economy and it speeding up depletion of common resources,therefor,coal seam under rivers,buildings and railways reasonable mining has important significance for improving recovery and relieving energy shortage.Coal seam under rivers,buildings and railways reserves reached 137.9Gt in State owned coal mine according to statistics, which coal seam under buildings makes 94.68Gt account 69% of the total and constraints mine development.To some degree,although traditional reduce subsidence mining technology settled pressed coal mining problems,but its extension limited by low recovery,the high cost,difficult to carry out and the difference with saving resources and high efficient.Full-pillar extraction by filled wide working face layout in strip mining resolved the course of surface deformation and moving into two period drew support from wide working face layout in partial mining,filling in roof falling zone and full-pillar extraction,which could carry point of reducing mining effect.It is one of the technological approaches to make high recovery,the low cost and high efficient in pressed coal mining.This paper analyzed wide working face in strip mining and filling effects in the strata movement control and researched the ground deformation features by an example with Full-pillar extraction by filled wide working face layout in strip mining.

3

Liu, Yong, and Jie Chen. "Research Status and Development Trend of High Sand Filling Materials." Key Engineering Materials 727 (January 2017): 1079–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.727.1079.

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The coal is main energy in our country, it takes many economy and environment problems in the process of exploitation process.With the development of large-scale mining area, mining of rock fracture field and the change of the terrain, vegetation and ecological environmental impact of surface water, ground seriously. This paper introduces about goaf paste filling mining which is the important part of coal green mining technology, it is an effective method to solve subsidence and the problem of coal mining surface ecological environment. Occurrence of aeolian sand and flexible strip filling control effect on the stability of water-resisting layer create conditions for the development of the local water filling mining.The paste filling material prepared with cemented Filling materials has the advantages of low cost and environment protection, which can take the various benefits such as economy, society and environment to diggings.

4

Guo, Song, Guangli Guo, Xiangsheng Yang, and Qiu Du. "Feasibility of Coupling PS System with Building Protection in an Ultrasoft Strata Colliery." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031015.

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To guarantee the stability of a building complex above a planned mining district with ultrasoft strata, strip mining technology (SMT) was applied to control the displacement and deformation caused by underground exploitation. This study attempts to design a reasonable pillar width to establish a stable pillar-support (PS) system composed of ground buildings with coal pillars underneath. Based on the stratigraphic structure of ultrasoft strata and in situ measurement data of mining subsidence monitoring, this study takes an ultrasoft strata colliery in western Henan province, central China, as an example to examine the technical and economical feasibility of the proposed PSsyst under two mining scenarios. The major results indicated that the initial design of pillar width would be 120 m under scenario 1, with expected damage of only 450 mm maximum subsidence predicted by probability integration method (PIM); while under scenario 2, the cost of compensation for buildings’ mining-induced damage would increase to CNY 61.31 million with an expected output of 7.629 million tons of raw coal. Moreover, the protection rate of the residential area in the proposed postmining area of scenario 1 can reach as much as 6.91% comparing to the fully mechanized coal winning technology in scenario 2. Overall, the proposed PSsyst will bring good benefits both economically and environmentally and should be worth promoting as a reference for similar geological and mining conditions in the future.

5

Silva, Juliana da, Thales R. O. de Freitas, Jorge R. Marinho, Günter Speit, and Bernardo Erdtmann. "An alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay for environmental biomonitoring with native rodents." Genetics and Molecular Biology 23, no. 1 (March 2000): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572000000100042.

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The main advantages of single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) are its applicability to any eukaryotic organism and cell type, its low cost and the short time required to obtain results. These properties make the SCG assay particularly useful in screening for environmental genotoxicity. The present study describes a modified version of this technique for use in field work with native rodents and examines some factors which influence the outcome of the assay. Wild rodents (Ctenomys torquatus, "tuco-tuco") from a region close to a strip coal mine and from a region with no coal mines were used. Animals from the coal mining region had significantly more DNA damage than those from the control area. The use of this SCG technique for direct sampling in the field should facilitate environmental genotoxicity studies with natural populations, without the need to remove the animals from their habitat or to sacrifice them.

6

Regulski, Krzysztof, Danuta Szeliga, and Jan Kusiak. "Application of Regression Trees in Optimization of Metal Forming Process." Key Engineering Materials 622-623 (September 2014): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.749.

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Application of sensitivity analysis in optimization of process parameters of production processes for innovative materials, e.g. dual phase steel, requires deterministic model of thermomechanical processes and large datasets that covers whole surface of results. Difficulties in optimization of process parameters correspond with large number of control variables, which should be considered in the technology design. Furthermore, conduction of such analysis takes the great computational cost. Presented work concerns possibility of application of regression trees, especially CART model, in preliminary analysis for sensitivity analysis. Use of data mining algorithms enables acquiring of preliminary, rough results: relationships among parameters of the hot rolling process of dual phase steel strips and rules of optimization of this process, it also does not require any apriori knowledge about thermomechanical processes.

7

Regulski, Krzysztof, Danuta Szeliga, and Jan Kusiak. "Data Exploration Approach Versus Sensitivity Analysis for Optimization of Metal Forming Processes." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 1390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.1390.

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Product properties for innovative materials, e.g. dual phase steels, require precise control of production processes. Difficulties in optimization of process parameters correspond with large number of control variables, which should be considered in the technology design. Sensitivity analysis allows evaluating the importance of all process inputs on the final properties of material. Information on the most important inputs is crucial for further design of the process. Application of sensitivity analysis requires detailed knowledge of the process phenomena as well as the definition of the mathematical model of the thermomechanical process. Furthermore, some sensitivity analysis algorithms are of the high computational cost. Presented work concerns possibility of the application of data exploration approach in evaluation of the importance of process inputs as the alternative for sensitivity analysis. Use of data mining algorithms eliminates necessity of mathematical model development, it also does not require any apriori knowledge about the process. Authors presents the comparison of sensitivity analysis and data exploration approach in evaluating relationships between inputs and outputs of the hot rolling for dual phase steel strips. The presented approach and the perspectives of the practical application could lead to significant decrease of time necessary for the computations of process design. The theoretical considerations are supplemented with the results of both types of analysis.

8

Guo, Zhong Ping, Jia Zhuo Li, Chang Hua Li, and Hai Bin Ge. "Short Wall Box Style Mining Method of Strip Coal Pillar under Town." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 4146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.4146.

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To recover strip coal pillar and reduce cost after strip mining, the short wall box style mining method was presented. Strata stability was analyzed based on support plate theory, mechanical model of the second strata movement was created, and safety factor was deduced .The ground movement and deformation were predicted, with probability integration method. The application demonstrates that this mining method can protect buildings on earth’s surface, improve the recovery ratio of coal and reduce cost. This mining method has a good economic advantage and environmental benefit.

9

Hu, Bingnan. "Study on Strata Movement Control of Twice Strip Mining." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 1085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.1085.

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In order to further improve the recovery ratio in strip mining, this paper makes use of the law of insufficiency and sufficiency in strata movement and buildings’ additional stress release features, puts forward twice strip mining technology. The paper introduces the method and feasibility of twice strip mining. By analyzing karst cave collapse mechanism, the paper points out vertical cracks and horizontal layer separations are the direct causes of karst caves collapses and small strength mining each time can reduce karst cave collapse. The new technology has been applied in Pinghu Mine. It has totally extracted recoverable coal reserves under village buildings, effectively controlled strata deformation, and successfully avoided karst cave collapse within Yangkeng village.

10

Chen, Jun Tao, Kai Kai Sheng, Li Min Yin, and Chuan Qiang Wu. "Study on Surface Movement and Deformation Characteristics and Pillar Stability of Large Strip Mining under Deep Mining." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.531.

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Large strip mining technology could effectively control the surface subsidence inducing from overlying strata movement and realize green mining. Bored stress and deformation sensors were laid in 4301 working face pillar of Shandong energy zibo mining group tangkou coal, analyzing the strip pillar stress pre and post working face; numerical simulation was used to study the influence of overlying strata from reserved size of strip pillar. According to the observation results of surface movement and deformation, law of surface movement and deformation characteristics was studied, which contributed to the practical application of large strip mining technology under deep mining and had the important theoretical and practical significance for mining under buildings ,railways and water in Chinese.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Strip mining – Cost control":

1

Riley, Lennard Barry. "Reducing the total cost of ownership of mining haul trucks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21902.

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Thesis (MScIngwet)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The diesel consumption of haul trucks deployed on opencast mines was investigated as a means of reducing the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of mining haul trucks. The conceptualisation of TCO and an introduction to the mining operation was presented as an introduction to the field of research. Thereafter, a review of the available literature revealed that linear programming, queueing theory and coast-down testing were applicable means of investigation. The relevant engineering sciences were applied and correlated with experimental and measured data from the Grootegeluk, Sishen and Thabazimbi mines operated by Kumba Resources Ltd (formerly known as ISCOR Mining). A cost-driver model for diesel consumption was formulated by exploiting the expert judgement of role players in the mining operation. A cost-driver model was developed for the Sishen, Thabazimbi and Grootegeluk mines. The cost-driver models were then modelled as a linear programming problem and solved using the student version of LINDO Optimization Software. The results were discussed and a universal diesel cost driver model was formulated by consolidating the individual diesel cost driver models. The operational cycle of haul trucks was simulated in order to quantify equipment utilisation and reduce diesel consumption of the mining vehicles. The operational cycle of haul trucks was modelled utilising queueing theory. The simulation of the queue network was implemented in Matlab using the next event advance method and was called Q Sim. Q Sim - - was utilised to investigate optimal fleet size and the economies of scale of haul truck capacity. The results of coast down tests were analysed in order to determine the effect of treating mining roads, with a bitumen product, on rolling resistance coefficient. Finally, recommendations for further research are proposed. This includes further refinement of the diesel cost-driver model, expanding the scope of application of Q_Sim in the mining operation and further investigation of dust reduction by bitumen products.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ondersoek is ingestel na die dieselverbruik van myntrokke sodoende die Totale Koste van Eienaarskap (TKE) van myntrokke te verminder. Die konsep rondom TKE is bespreek en 'n inleiding tot die mynybedryf is aangebied sodoende die verskeie aspekte in verb and te bring. 'n Literatuur studie het gevolg, wat aangetoon het dat lineere programmeering, toustaan-en loswieltoetse toepaslike navorsingsmetodes is om die nodige resultate te verkry. Daarna is hierdie ingenieurswetenskappe toegepas en 'n vergelyking is tussen die eksperimentele en gemete data van die Grootegeluk, Sishen en Thabazimbi myne getref. 'n Diesel koste-drywer model is opgestel met die insette van kundige rolspelers in die mynbou bedryf. Dit het gelei tot Koste-drywer modelle vir die Sishen, Thabazimbi en Grootegeluk myne. Die modelle is met lineere programmeering as probleemstelling daargestel en is deur middel van die studente weergawe van die LINDO optimaliseringssagteware opgelos. Die resultate was toe bespreek en daarvolgens is 'n universele diesel koste-drywer model opgestel deur die reeds-geskepte modelle te konsolideer. Die operasionele siklus van myntrokke was gesimuleer sodoende die benutting van toerusting te kwantifiseer en die dieselverbruik van myntrokke te verminder. Hierdie operasionele siklus was gemodelleer deur middel van die toustaan-teorie. Die simulasie van 'n toustaannetwerk was in Matlab gevoer deur Q_Sim te gebruik. Hierdie metode was gebruik om die optimale vloot grootte en die invloed van myntrokkapasiteit te ondersoek. Die ontleding van die loswieltoetse was gedoen om die invloed van In bitumen prod uk op rolweerstand te bepaal. Ten slotte is aanbevelings vir toekomstige navorsing bespreek. Dit behels die verder aansuiwerings van die diesel koste-drywer model, die uitbreiding van aanwending van die Q_Sim in die mynbou en 'n verdere ondersoek om stofvoorkoming in die mynbou te bewerkstellig deur die gebruikmaking van bitumen produkte.

2

Sperling, Tony. "Risk-cost-benefit framework for the design of dewatering systems in open pit mines." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31873.

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Control of groundwater plays an important part in operations at many open pit mines. Selection of an efficient and cost effective dewatering program that will improve slope stability of the pit walls is frequently complicated by the complex and somewhat uncertain hydrogeologic environment found at most mine sites. This dissertation describes a risk-cost-benefit (RCB) framework that can be used to identify the most effective dewatering strategy under such conditions, because the stochastic framework explicitly accounts for uncertainty in hydrogeologic and shear strength parameters in the groundwater flow, slope stability and economic analyses. In the framework, the monetary worth of each design alternative is measured in terms of an economic objective function. This function is defined in terms of a discounted stream of benefits, costs and risks over the operational life of the mine. Benefits consist of revenue generated from the sale of mineral concentrate. Costs include normal operating and dewatering expenses. Monetary risks are defined as the economic consequences associated with slope failure of the pit wall, multiplied by the probability of such a failure occurring. Selection of the best design strategy from a specified set of alternatives is achieved by determining the economic objective function for each design and then selecting the alternative that yields the highest value of the objective function. Estimation of the probability of slope failure requires an accurate assessment of the level of uncertainty associated with each input parameter, a forecast of how dewatering efforts are expected to affect pore pressures in the pit wall in light of the uncertain hydrogeologic environment, and an evaluation of the effect that the pore pressure reductions will have on improving stability of the pit wall. Prediction of the pore pressure response to dewatering efforts is achieved with SG-FLOW, a steady state, saturated-unsaturated finite element model of groundwater flow. Slope stability is evaluated with SG-SLOPE, a two dimensional, limit equilibrium stability model based on the versatile Sarma method of stability analysis. To account for input parameter uncertainty, both the groundwater flow stability models are invoked in a conditional Monte-Carlo simulation that is based on a geostatistical description of the level of uncertainty inherent in the available hydrogeological and geotechnical data. Besides documenting the methodology implemented in the framework to conduct the geostatistical groundwater flow and economic analyses of the objective function, this dissertation also presents a sensitivity analysis and a case history study that demonstrate the application of the RCB framework to design problems typically encountered in operating mines. The sensitivity study explores how each set of input parameters, including hydrologic data, shear strength parameters, slope angles of the pit wall and dewatering system specifications impact on the profitability of the mining operation. The study utilized a base case scenario that is based on overburden conditions at Highland Valley Copper; therefore, the conclusions cannot be applied blindly at other sites. However, the framework can be used to formulate site specific conclusions for other large base-metal open pit mines. After the objective function was calculated for the base case, the aforementioned input parameters were systematically perturbed in turn to study how each parameter impacts on profitability of the mine. The sensitivity study showed that in the particular case analyzed changes in the slope angle and dewatering efforts can improve profitability by many millions of dollars. In particular, steep slope angles can be utilized in the early stages of mine development while the pit walls are relatively low, and then flattened as the pit wall height increases and the monetary consequences of slope failure become more pronounced. Furthermore, the sensitivity results indicated that pit dewatering is likely to be effective over a range of hydraulic conductivities from lxlO"8 m/s to lxlO'5 m/s and that accurate estimation of the mean hydraulic conductivity is much more important than estimating other statistics that describe the hydraulic conductivity field, including the variance and the range of correlation. Results of the sensitivity study clearly demonstrate that the RCB framework can be used effectively to identify the most effective dewatering strategy given a limited amount of geologic and hydrologic information. Also, it is shown that the framework can be used to identify the most important input parameters for each specific dewatering problem and to establish the approximate monetary worth of data collection. The case history study documents how the RCB framework was applied at Highland Valley Copper (HVC). Groundwater control is recognized as an important component of mining operations at this mine site; dewatering measures utilized on the property involve both high capacity dewatering wells and horizontal drains. The benefits of pit dewatering include improved slope stability, drier operating conditions in the pit, and a convenient production water supply. These benefits do not come cheaply, HVC is expecting to spend in excess of six million dollars on groundwater control in the next ten years. Before investing such large sums in groundwater control, mine management should be confident that the capital investment is justified, i.e. that the resulting economic benefits will significantly exceed the costs of the dewatering effort. Using historical data provided by HVC, the case history study documented in this dissertation shows how the RCB framework is used to identify the most profitable combination of slope geometry and groundwater control in design sector R3 of HVC's Valley Pit. By considering three possible slope angle and groundwater control options it is shown that by continuing to implement an aggressive dewatering program, HVC can expect to reduce operating costs by as much as nine million dollars in this design sector.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate

3

Evans, Christopher Lyle 1961. "The design of catch bench geometry in surface mines to control rockfall." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276961.

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This study proposes a rational process that can be used by the mining engineer to control rockfall by the design of catch bench geometry in surface mines. The problem of rockfall in surface mines is defined and factors causing rockfall are identified. Four civil engineering models that predict rockfall motion are presented and compared to rockfall field tests from eight different test sites. Based on these results, a computer program was written that combines aspects of the two best models. The Ritchie empirical model provides the most conservative result of catch bench width and berm height necessary to contain rockfall on mine slopes. The Colorado Rockfall Simulation Program is used to check the reliability of the design and to permit selection of the minimum catch bench geometry to insure both mine safety and the most economic slope angles.

4

Hill, Michael. "Keeping Dirt in its place: Runoff, Sediment Loss, and Cost Effectiveness of Three Erosion Control Practices on Steep Slopes." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/259.

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Erosion is a natural process that occurs when soil particles are detached from one site and transported to another by water or wind, and can occur naturally or be accelerated by humans. Sediment can cause direct mortality or reduce growth of fish and other aquatic resources, particularly larval fish and eggs. Three treatments consisting of compost and jute netting, crimped straw with native seeds, and jute netting and vegetation filter strip were used to evaluate loss of runoff water and sediment on steep slopes. Erosion plots were built on slopes of 27 percent and filled with soil. The treatments were applied in triplicate and irrigated at 14-day intervals. Each erosion plot was irrigated with approximately 79 gallons of water for 10 hours and runoff was collected in pre-weighed containers during each period. After each collection, runoff from each plot was measured and recorded by subtracting the weight of each empty container from the combined weight of water and sediment. Turbidity, pH, and electrical conductivity were measured, and the separate weights of runoff and dry sediment were determined. The combination of jute netting over a layer of commercially available compost was over 99 percent effective at reducing runoff and sediment loss as compared to the untreated control erosion plots. Jute netting combined with a vegetative filter strip of creeping wild rye was over 94 percent and 99 percent effective at reducing runoff and sediment loss when compared to the untreated control erosion plots, respectively. Runoff and sediment loss from plots treated with crimped straw and native seeds was significantly greater than that of the other treatments, yet this treatment was over still 80 percent effective at reducing runoff and nearly 97 percent effective at reducing sediment loss. The cost-effectiveness of each treatment was evaluated based on the cost of the total treatment compared to the amount of water each treatment prevented from leaving the site, using the control plots as a baseline. The combination of jute and vegetation filter strip cost approximately $0.47 per liter of water prevented from leaving the site and was almost as effective at reducing runoff and sediment loss as was jute combined with compost, which cost $1.04 per liter. While each of the three treatments significantly reduced runoff and sediment loss when compared to the barren control plots, the jute and filter strip treatment was the most cost-effective of the three treatments. All treatments were effective at decreasing runoff and sediment loss when compared to the control, though no significant difference in runoff was observed between the control and any of the treatments after ten weeks. Thus, erosion control BMPs should be implemented well before the first storm causing runoff in order to be most effective.

5

Jackson, Brett Christopher. "TOTAL COST OPTIMIZATION FOR CONTOUR BLASTING IN THE APPALACHIA REGION." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/mng_etds/20.

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This thesis recounts the study of contour blasting practices in the Appalachia coal region. Contour blasting practices vary widely and problems are often encountered. Several different sites were visited and contour blasting practices at each were studied. Based on the information gathered, a comprehensive plan was developed for blasting operations to follow and then was tested and compared to an example of blasting practices without use of the plan. The blasting practices were compared by examining monthly production rates as well as a time study to measure the efficiency a contour blast could be loaded and hauled away and a cost per cubic yard of material determined. The plan was found to be successful in keeping safety while increasing profitability. However, the plan will need to be backed and understood by management in order to achieve the same success.

6

Van, Jaarsveld Francis. "Characterising and mapping of wind transported sediment associated with opencast gypsum mining." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2352.

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Thesis (MSc (Earth Sciences))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
This study aims to provide a practical tool for the prediction and management of dust generated by the activities of an opencast mining operation. The study was conducted on opencast gypsum mines in the semi-arid environment of the Bushmanland, 90 km north of Loeriesfontein in the Northern Cape Province from April 2000 to October 2007. The vertical and horizontal components of wind transported sediment were sampled and a dust settling model was designed to predict the settling pattern of dust generated by opencast mining operations. The model was applied to soil samples collected from an area surrounding a mine. The influence sphere of the mining operation was predicted by the application of the model and then mapped. Once the influence sphere is mapped, the dust influence can be managed with the aid of an onsite weather station. By further applying the predictions based on climatic data, the influence sphere can be modelled. The model is not only applicable to the planning phase of an opencast mine to plan the position of dust sensitive areas like the living quarters, office buildings and workshops etc., but also to indicate the historical impact that a mining operation had once a quarry on an active mine is worked out and rehabilitated or a mine is closed. The model application can also aid with the explanation and visual or graphic representation of the predicted impact of planned mining operations on communities or neighbouring activities to them and thus avoid later penalties.

7

Rodrigue, Jason Adam. "Woody Species Diversity, Forest and Site Productivity, Stumpage Value, and Carbon Sequestration of Forests on Mined Lands Reclaimed Prior to the Passage of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35629.

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The present state of forestry post mining land uses has prompted concern among researchers, landowners, and the public. Surface mines reclaimed to forests under the provision of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) may not achieve site productivity levels required by the law. Anecdotal evidence suggests that many pre-law reforested mined sites are growing productive forests. The purpose of this study was to characterize these forests and the mine soils in which they are growing, and use them to benchmark forest development on mined land. Using 14 mined and 8 non-mined sites in the midwestern and eastern coalfields research to address the following objectives was undertaken: (i) characterize the development, composition, and diversity of woody species on pre-SMCRA, forested surface mined land; (ii) estimate forest and site productivity on surface mined land and determine the soil and site properties most influencing forest growth; (iii) estimate projected rotation-age timber product value; (iv) quantify current carbon sequestration pools associated with the developing woody plant biomass, the forest floor, and developing soil medium; (v) compare the diversity, forest and site productivity, commercial value, and carbon capture of reclaimed mined sites to that of regional non-mined forest systems. Species richness between non-mined and mined sites was about the same within each region with 14 to 15 tree species in the canopy. Canopy richness of eastern mined sites was less than that on midwestern mined sites (12 species compared to 17 species, respectively). Species richness of the understory and woody ground layer were similar between sites planted to pines versus hardwoods. White pine (Pinus strobus) monocultures, planted on many sites in the eastern region, caused species unevenness throughout all forest strata. Midwestern mined sites and eastern sites planted to hardwoods closely approximated non-mined sites in commercial species composition. Planted species represented the majority of canopy layer dominance and abundance (82% relative dominance and 56% relative abundance). Site productivity between non-mined sites and 12 of the 14 mined sites was similar. Regression analysis identified the five most influential soil properties affecting site quality, which included soil profile base saturation, total coarse fragments, total available water, C horizon total porosity, and soil profile electrical conductivity. These five properties explained 52 % of the variation in tree growth. Forest productivity of these mined sites was equal to or greater than that of non-mined forests, ranging between 3.3 m3ha-1yr-1 and 12.1 m3ha-1yr-1. Management activities such as planting pine and valuable hardwood species increased the stumpage value of forests on reclaimed mine sites. Rotation-age stumpage values on mined study sites ranged between $3,064 ha-1 and $19,528 ha-1 and were commonly greater than stumpage values on non-mined reference sites. After 20 to 55 years, total site carbon levels on mined study sites averaged 217 Mg ha-1, while total carbon amounts on natural sites averaged 285 Mg ha-1. The amounts of carbon captured within the plant biomass and litter layer were the same on mined and natural sites. However, the soil carbon content of mined sites averaged 39 % lower than natural soils. The amount of carbon captured across mined sites was largely a function of forest stand age. Pre-SMCRA forests growing on mined sites with productivity levels similar to non-mined sites are capable of developing forest attributes comparable to or greater than those found on non-mined land within a period of 60 years, the length of a commercial hardwood rotation. These mature forests can serve as benchmarks for forest development on mined lands being reclaimed under current state and federal regulations.
Master of Science

8

Schäfer, Fábio. "Desenvolvimento de uma sistemática de melhoria do desempenho econômico de indústrias extrativas : o caso de uma mineração a céu aberto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/61383.

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Em função da globalização, os ambientes empresariais estão se tornando mais competitivos; assim, aumenta a preocupação e a necessidade de se prover um sistema de informações gerenciais que seja eficaz, confiável e relevante para auxiliar os gestores a tomarem decisões inteligentes. Com a utilização de princípios e métodos de custeio vinculados aos serviços inerentes aos métodos e operações de lavra, este trabalho tem como primeiro objetivo identificar e compreender as deficiências dos atuais sistemas de custeio e de produção e estruturar uma sistemática que apoie a avaliação do desempenho econômico-financeiro nas minerações a céu aberto. O segundo objetivo deste trabalho é utilizar o método do custo-padrão vinculado à produção e às regras de negócio e validá-lo mediante a comparação do realizado versus previsto nas minerações a céu aberto, através da utilização de conceitos de desperdícios, do princípio do custeio por absorção parcial, do controle e gestão de custos e de produção para avaliação de resultados. A unidade de extração mineral estudada utiliza o método de lavra por bancadas em cava e terceiriza as operações de descobertura, perfuração, detonação, escavação, carregamento e transporte. A empresa contratada utiliza o princípio de custeio por absorção total e o método de custeio de centros de custos. Assim, a sistemática que apoia a avaliação do desempenho econômico-financeiro juntamente com o método do custo-padrão foi validada e desenvolvida em três serviços terceirizados com o objetivo de verificar a sua funcionalidade e a sua praticidade. Portanto, as novas informações gerenciais auxiliam o gestor identificar a produtividade e a lucratividade do empreendimento e os resultados dos serviços e de suas operações, além de todos os custos gerenciais já existentes.
In the light of globalization, the enterprise environments are becoming more competitive; thus, increases the concern and the need to provide a management information system that is effective, reliable and relevant to assist managers to make intelligent decisions. With the use of principles and costing methods linked to services inherent in mining operations and methods, this work is intended mainly identify and understand the weaknesses of the current costing and production system and structure a systematic that supports performance evaluation productive-economic-financial in surface mining. The second objective of this work is to use standard cost method linked to production and business rules and validate it by comparing the accomplished against foreseen in surface mining, through the use of concepts of wastes, the principle costing of partial absorption, cost control and management for production to evaluation of results. The mineral extraction unit studied uses the open pit mining method and outsources the mining operations of pre stripping, drilling, blasting, rock excavation, loading and transportation. The outsourced company uses the costing principle of total absorption and the costing method is the cost centers. Thus, the systematic that support the evaluation of productive-economic-financial performance and the standard cost method were developed and validated in three outsourced services with the goal of verifying its functionality and practicality. Therefore, the new management information assists the manager to identify the productivity and profitability of the enterprise and the results of its operations and services, in addition to all of the existing management costs.

9

Amponsah-Dacosta, Francis. "Cost-effective strategies for dust control in an opencast coal mine." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17087.

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10

Thage, Rorisang Gomolemo. "A theoretical analysis of the implications of comminution practices on open pit mine planning." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27517.

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The implications of comminution practices on the planning of a typical open pit mine was investigated in this study by means of computer simulation. The objective was to assess the effects of mining costs as well as processing costs on the production plan of a typical open pit mine. For the purpose of the research, MineLib, an open library of ore body models was consulted. This led to the selection of a copper-gold ore body named “Newman1” for use in the strategic mine optimisation. Various scenarios were considered in order to highlight the contribution of comminution costs to the mine plan. In all the simulated scenarios, the objective function was to maximise the Net Present Value (NPV). And in terms of simulation setup, the comminution costs and cut-off grades were systematically varied from 70 % to 140 %. It was hence possible to investigate their effects on the NPV of the Newman1 ore body using SimSched, a freeware for mine optimisation and planning. Results showed that there is a great opportunity to increase the NPV of the Newman1 block model by adjusting the contribution of processing costs in general and comminution costs in particular. This can be achieved for instance by controlling the policy of cut-off grades, lowering production costs, and increasing throughput.
Civil and Chemical Engineering
M. Tech. (Chemical Engineering)

Книги з теми "Strip mining – Cost control":

1

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Amending the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 to permit states to set aside in a special trust fund up to 10 percent of the annual state funds from the Abandoned Mine Land Reclamation fund for expenditure in the future for purposes of abandoned mine reclamation, and for other purposes: Report (to accompany H.R. 1963) (including the cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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2

Spain, R. W. The cost of strip mining. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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3

Ilʹin, A. I. Upravlenie dolgovremennoĭ ustoĭchivostʹi͡u︡ otkosov na karʹerakh. Moskva: "Nedra", 1985.

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4

Kudri͡ashov, V. V. Termovlazhnostnai͡a obespylivai͡ushchai͡a obrabotka mnogoletnemerzlogo razrushennogo ugolʹnogo massiva. Moskva: Akademii͡a nauk SSSR, In-t problem kompleksnogo osvoenii͡a nedr, 1991.

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5

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Forests and Public Land Management. Mining and mineral policy; and surface mining control: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Forests and Public Land Management of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, second session, on S. 1194 ... S. 1401 ... May 2, 1996. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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6

Environment, United States Congress House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs Subcommittee on Energy and the. Tenth anniversary of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977: Oversight hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and the Environment of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, first session, on tenth anniversary of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, hearing held in Washington, DC, August 3, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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7

Baker, E. C. Cost comparison of gob hole and cross-measure borehole systems to control methane in gobs. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1988.

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8

Office, General Accounting. Mining violations: Interior needs management control over automation effort : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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9

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Mineral Resources Development and Production. To amend section 402 of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Mineral Resources Development and Production of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One hundredth Congress, first session, on S. 643 ... March 31, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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10

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources. The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977: A 30th anniversary review : oversight hearing before the Committee on Natural Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, Wednesday, July 25, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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Більше джерел

Частини книг з теми "Strip mining – Cost control":

1

van Wyk, Arnu, and Susanna L. Middelberg. "Designing a Budgetary Control Framework: The Case of a Multinational Mining Engineering Company." In Designing Cost Management Systems to Support Business Decision-Making, 41–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1751-5_3.

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2

Maity, S. N., B. B. Dhar, and R. Nath. "High Set Remote Prop - a Cost Effect Replacement of Wooden Support to Enhance Higher Safety in Underground Mines." In Ground Control in Mining, 113–28. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078005-9.

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3

Manque, Patricio A., and Ute Woehlbier. "Systems Biology-Based Approaches Applied to Vaccine Development." In Data Mining, 1131–48. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2455-9.ch058.

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Vaccines represent one of the most cost-effective ways to prevent and treat diseases. The use of vaccines in the control of viral diseases represents an important milestone in the history of medicine. The genomic revolution brought us the possibility to scan genomes in the search of new and more effective vaccine candidates and the advancement of bioinformatics provided the framework for the application of strategies that were focused not only on antigen discovery but also on comparative genomics, and pathogenic factor identification and data mining. In addition, the progress in post-genomic technologies including gene expression technologies such as microarray and proteomics gave us the opportunity to explore the host responses to vaccines leading to a better understanding of immune responses to pathogens and/or to vaccines, assisting in the development of new and better vaccines and adjuvants. This chapter will review how systems biology-based approaches including genomics, gene expression technologies, and bioinformatics have changed the way of thinking about antigen discovery and vaccine development. In addition, the chapter will discuss how the study of the host responses in combination with “in silico” approaches could help predict immunogenicity and improve the efficacy of vaccines.

4

Lazarevic, Aleksandar. "Data Mining for Intrusion Detection." In Data Warehousing and Mining, 2880–87. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-951-9.ch183.

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Today computers control power, oil and gas delivery, communication systems, transportation networks, banking and financial services, and various other infrastructure services critical to the functioning of our society. However, as the cost of the information processing and Internet accessibility falls, more and more organizations are becoming vulnerable to a wide variety of cyber threats. According to a recent survey by CERT/CC (Computer Emergency Response Team/Coordination Center), the rate of cyber attacks has been more than doubling every year in recent times (Figure 1). In addition, the severity and sophistication of the attacks are also growing. For example, Slammer/Sapphire Worm was the fastest computer worm in history. As it began spreading throughout the Internet, it doubled in size every 8.5 seconds and infected at least 75,000 hosts causing network outages and unforeseen consequences such as canceled airline flights, interference with elections, and ATM failures (Moore, 2003).

5

Reiner, Edward, and Darrell W. Gunter. "Blockchain and Scholarly Publishing Industry." In Advances in Data Mining and Database Management, 294–305. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5589-7.ch016.

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Blockchain has broad application in academic publishing and addresses necessary benefits in cost containment, improved workflow, and business management. In particular, blockchain facilitates greater control over copyrighted content and royalty administration, citations, and billing and collection. Blockchain is a user-friendly technology that can improve profitability and cash flow while reducing administrative errors. Blockchain technology has become ubiquitous within various market segments but slow to be adopted within academic publishing environments, but with the pressure on revenue growth and cost containment, blockchain represents a new tool in the arsenal of workflow products to create more accurate reporting. In particular, royalty accounting has been an area of varying reliability and uncertainly, relying on many data sources and data aggregation generally confusing to authors, researchers, and writers. Blockchain takes the guesswork out of this process by documenting digital content access and usage through artificial intelligence engines and machine learning tools.

6

Sarmah, S. P., and Umesh Chandra Moharana. "Spare Parts Inventory Management Literature and Direction Towards the Use of Data Mining Technique." In Handbook of Research on Promoting Business Process Improvement Through Inventory Control Techniques, 534–58. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3232-3.ch028.

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In the current age of information technology, most of the industries have implemented integrated information systems or enterprise resource planning applications to automate their business process, reduce lead time, improve productivity and reduce cost. These industries generate large amount of inventory and maintenance related data on daily basis, which are stored in a central database. Data mining techniques are most suitable to discover valuable information from this large amount of data. The valuable information can be in the form of patterns, associations, classifications, changes etc. which can be helpful for maintenance and inventory managers for better decision making. This chapter reviews application of data mining technique in inventory management through a survey of literature and classified the articles. Also the chapter suggests other inventory management areas where data mining techniques can be applied for better decision making. Keywords and abstracts were used to identify 107 articles concerning management of inventory and application of data mining techniques.

7

Agarwal, Reshu. "An Approach for Estimating the Opportunity Cost Using Temporal Association Rule Mining and Clustering." In Encyclopedia of Organizational Knowledge, Administration, and Technology, 631–43. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3473-1.ch046.

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Timely identification of newly emerging trends is needed in business process. Data mining techniques are best suited for the classification, useful patterns extraction and predications which are very important for business support and decision making. Some research studies have also extended the usage of this concept in inventory management to determine opportunity cost based on association rules. Yet, not many research studies have considered the application of the data mining approach on evaluating penalty cost which is also a significant factor to the manager for optimal inventory control. In this paper, two different cases for evaluating penalty cost based on cross-selling effect are presented. An example is illustrated to validate the results.

8

Algarín, Alberto De la Rosa, Steven A. Demurjian, Timoteus B. Ziminski, Yaira K. Rivera Sánchez, and Robert Kuykendall. "Securing XML with Role-Based Access Control." In E-Health and Telemedicine, 487–522. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8756-1.ch025.

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Today's applications are often constructed by bringing together functionality from multiple systems that utilize varied technologies (e.g. application programming interfaces, Web services, cloud computing, data mining) and alternative standards (e.g. XML, RDF, OWL, JSON, etc.) for communication. Most such applications achieve interoperability via the eXtensible Markup Language (XML), the de facto document standard for information exchange in domains such as library repositories, collaborative software development, health informatics, etc. The use of a common data format facilitates exchange and interoperability across heterogeneous systems, but challenges in the aspect of security arise (e.g. sharing policies, ownership, permissions, etc.). In such situations, one key security challenge is to integrate the local security (existing systems) into a global solution for the application being constructed and deployed. In this chapter, the authors present a Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) security framework for XML, which utilizes extensions to the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to generate eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) policies that target XML schemas and instances for any application, and provides both the separation and reconciliation of local and global security policies across systems. To demonstrate the framework, they provide a case study in health care, using the XML standards Health Level Seven's (HL7) Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) and the Continuity of Care Record (CCR). These standards are utilized for the transportation of private and identifiable information between stakeholders (e.g. a hospital with an electronic health record, a clinic's electronic health record, a pharmacy system, etc.), requiring not only a high level of security but also compliance to legal entities. For this reason, it is not only necessary to secure private information, but for its application to be flexible enough so that updating security policies that affect millions of documents does not incur a large monetary or computational cost; such privacy could similarly involve large banks and credit card companies that have similar information to protect to deter identity theft. The authors demonstrate the security framework with two in-house developed applications: a mobile medication management application and a medication reconciliation application. They also detail future trends that present even more challenges in providing security at global and local levels for platforms such as Microsoft HealthVault, Harvard SMART, Open mHealth, and open electronic health record systems. These platforms utilize XML, equivalent information exchange document standards (e.g., JSON), or semantically augmented structures (e.g., RDF and OWL). Even though the primary use of these platforms is in healthcare, they present a clear picture of how diverse the information exchange process can be. As a result, they represent challenges that are domain independent, thus becoming concrete examples of future trends and issues that require a robust approach towards security.

9

Algarín, Alberto De la Rosa, Steven A. Demurjian, Timoteus B. Ziminski, Yaira K. Rivera Sánchez, and Robert Kuykendall. "Securing XML with Role-Based Access Control." In Architectures and Protocols for Secure Information Technology Infrastructures, 334–65. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4514-1.ch013.

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Today’s applications are often constructed by bringing together functionality from multiple systems that utilize varied technologies (e.g. application programming interfaces, Web services, cloud computing, data mining) and alternative standards (e.g. XML, RDF, OWL, JSON, etc.) for communication. Most such applications achieve interoperability via the eXtensible Markup Language (XML), the de facto document standard for information exchange in domains such as library repositories, collaborative software development, health informatics, etc. The use of a common data format facilitates exchange and interoperability across heterogeneous systems, but challenges in the aspect of security arise (e.g. sharing policies, ownership, permissions, etc.). In such situations, one key security challenge is to integrate the local security (existing systems) into a global solution for the application being constructed and deployed. In this chapter, the authors present a Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) security framework for XML, which utilizes extensions to the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to generate eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) policies that target XML schemas and instances for any application, and provides both the separation and reconciliation of local and global security policies across systems. To demonstrate the framework, they provide a case study in health care, using the XML standards Health Level Seven’s (HL7) Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) and the Continuity of Care Record (CCR). These standards are utilized for the transportation of private and identifiable information between stakeholders (e.g. a hospital with an electronic health record, a clinic’s electronic health record, a pharmacy system, etc.), requiring not only a high level of security but also compliance to legal entities. For this reason, it is not only necessary to secure private information, but for its application to be flexible enough so that updating security policies that affect millions of documents does not incur a large monetary or computational cost; such privacy could similarly involve large banks and credit card companies that have similar information to protect to deter identity theft. The authors demonstrate the security framework with two in-house developed applications: a mobile medication management application and a medication reconciliation application. They also detail future trends that present even more challenges in providing security at global and local levels for platforms such as Microsoft HealthVault, Harvard SMART, Open mHealth, and open electronic health record systems. These platforms utilize XML, equivalent information exchange document standards (e.g., JSON), or semantically augmented structures (e.g., RDF and OWL). Even though the primary use of these platforms is in healthcare, they present a clear picture of how diverse the information exchange process can be. As a result, they represent challenges that are domain independent, thus becoming concrete examples of future trends and issues that require a robust approach towards security.

10

Manque, Patricio A., and Ute Woehlbier. "Systems Biology-Based Approaches Applied to Vaccine Development." In Handbook of Research on Computational and Systems Biology, 61–78. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-491-2.ch003.

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Vaccines represent one of the most cost-effective ways to prevent and treat diseases. The use of vaccines in the control of viral diseases represents an important milestone in the history of medicine. The genomic revolution brought us the possibility to scan genomes in the search of new and more effective vaccine candidates and the advancement of bioinformatics provided the framework for the application of strategies that were focused not only on antigen discovery but also on comparative genomics, and pathogenic factor identification and data mining. In addition, the progress in post-genomic technologies including gene expression technologies such as microarray and proteomics gave us the opportunity to explore the host responses to vaccines leading to a better understanding of immune responses to pathogens and/or to vaccines, assisting in the development of new and better vaccines and adjuvants. This chapter will review how systems biology-based approaches including genomics, gene expression technologies, and bioinformatics have changed the way of thinking about antigen discovery and vaccine development. In addition, the chapter will discuss how the study of the host responses in combination with “in silico” approaches could help predict immunogenicity and improve the efficacy of vaccines.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Strip mining – Cost control":

1

Shi, Yongkui, Minhua Qi, Jingyu Zhang, and Jian Hao. "Research on Strip Filling Surface Subsidence Rule." In Taishan Academic Forum - Project on Mine Disaster Prevention and Control. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mining-14.2014.9.

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2

Wang, Chunqiu, Wenshuai Li, Shitan Gu, Chuanle Ma, and Zhimin Xiao. "Influence of Mining and Retaining Parameters on Evolution of Hazard Rockburst in Strip-pillar Mining." In Taishan Academic Forum - Project on Mine Disaster Prevention and Control. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mining-14.2014.12.

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3

Zhao, Lu, and Lieyun Ding. "Project Cost Control System Based on Data Mining." In 2009 International Forum on Information Technology and Applications (IFITA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifita.2009.306.

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4

Guo, Weijia, Yangyang Li, Baoliang Zhang, Hailong Wang, and Xizhen Sun. "Study on the Movement Law of Overburden Strata During Mining Strip Pillar with Paste." In Taishan Academic Forum - Project on Mine Disaster Prevention and Control. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mining-14.2014.7.

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5

Peng, Yan, Yang Ding, and Yuanmei Yu. "Grid Project Cost Control Research Based on Data Mining." In 2016 International Conference on Advanced Materials Science and Environmental Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/amsee-16.2016.75.

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6

Li, Xinhang, Ningyun Lu, Bin Jiang, and Huiping Zhao. "A frequent pattern mining based shape defect diagnosis method for cold rolled strip products." In 2017 6th International Symposium on Advanced Control of Industrial Processes (AdCONIP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/adconip.2017.7983761.

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7

Xue, A., Y. Lu, and Y. Sun. "Modeling and robust guaranteed cost control of shape and gauge composite regulation system for cold strip mill." In 1999 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc.1999.7099670.

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8

Kim, Kanghyun, and Sangchul Won. "Observer-based guaranteed cost control for lateral motion of a strip in hot rolling process." In 2013 10th IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icca.2013.6565114.

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9

Fu Xingjian, Wang Qiaoling, Liu Xiaohe, and Li Yingchun. "Robust non- fragile guaranteed cost control for the looper system of hot strip rolling mill." In 2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsess.2012.6269513.

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Pereira, Anderson. "COST REDUCTION AND BETTER QUALITY CONTROL BY ON-LINE ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENT DURING CONTINUOUS STRIP PROCESSING - SORM3PLUS." In 56° Seminário de Laminação e Conformação de Metais. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/2594-5297-32418.

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