Готові списки джерел за темами / Student educational aspirations

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Student educational aspirations"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 січня 2023
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Student educational aspirations"

1

Dougherty, Kevin J., and Gregory S. Kienzl. "It's Not Enough to Get through the Open Door: Inequalities by Social Background in Transfer from Community Colleges to Four-Year Colleges." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 108, no. 3 (March 2006): 452–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810610800302.

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Анотація:
The growing policy interest in community colleges as gateways to the baccalaureate degree naturally raises the question of how equitably transfer opportunities are distributed by student background and what factors may explain background differences that might be found. We analyze two nationally representative data sets to examine how the likelihood of transfer is affected by social background, precollege academic characteristics, external demands at college entrance, and experiences during college. We find that high-SES students have significantly higher transfer rates, in part because of advantages in precollege academic preparation and educational aspirations. Older college entrants are much less likely to transfer than students entering college right out of high school, and a significant portion of this age gap is more often due to having children, lower educational aspirations, and a vocational major, and being enrolled part time. Though women and nonwhites differ from men and whites in transfer rates, these differences are not statistically significant. But there is an important caveat: blacks tend to have higher educational aspirations than whites of the same socioeconomic background. When we control for educational aspirations, thus removing this black aspirational advantage, the black-white gap in transfer rates widens considerably, becoming statistically significant in one of our samples but not the other.
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2

Oracion, Quiliano Jr Gonzales, and Ivy Lyt Sumugat Abina. "The mediating effect of students’ attitude to student career aspiration and mathematics achievement." JRAMathEdu (Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education) 6, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 158–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jramathedu.v6i3.13784.

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Анотація:
Mathematics low achievement has undeniably been found in both national examinations and international assessments. An educator needs to be aware and determine the factors in students’ achievement. However, there were no observable studies focusing on the mediating effect of students' attitudes toward career aspiration and academic achievement. With this, it aims to determine the mediating effect of students’ attitudes on students’ career aspirations and academic achievement in learning Mathematics in a higher educational institution in the Davao Region. The researcher utilized sets of adopted and self-made test questionnaires to gather data from the 199 respondents. In analyzing the data, the researcher performed descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, and Regression Analysis as statistical tools. These analyses indicated that students have a high level of career aspiration, a satisfactory level of academic achievement, an average level of attitude towards mathematics, and an insignificant relationship between students’ career aspirations and academic achievement. The relationship between the student’s attitude and career aspiration is significant. The latter is the only relationship that is significant among all steps, and thus full and partial mediation analysis will not be warranted. Based on the findings, the students must be responsible for helping themselves to make an efficient move in developing their aspiration to have a considerable positive attitude in learning mathematics.
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3

Schneider, Lynn. "Access and Aspirations: Syrian Refugees’ Experiences of Entering Higher Education in Germany." Research in Comparative and International Education 13, no. 3 (July 16, 2018): 457–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745499918784764.

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Despite high educational aspirations amongst asylum seekers and refugees (ASRs), scholarship on international student migration and mobility commonly lacks insight deriving from forced migration research. Drawing on qualitative research concerned with Syrian ASRs’ educational aspirations and lived experiences regarding higher education access in Germany, this article speaks to the intersection of refugee and education politics. German Higher Education Institutions commonly subsume ASRs under the more general admission classification of “international students”. While an intentional blindness of the background of non-European Union students in the admission procedure is justified on the grounds of equal treatment, findings indicate that ASRs experience the disregard for their distinct struggles as particularly stifling and disillusioning. At the same time, an analysis of the symbolic significance young ASRs attribute to the student status suggests that educational aspirations are shaped by the prospect to “raise” one’s migration status and identity to that of international students.
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4

Ahmed, Shariqua, Ritika Mattaa, Nandini Sanyala, and Swati Agarwala. "Academic optimism of teachers, school engagement and educational aspirations of students from private and government schools." Journal of Educational Sciences & Psychology 11(73) (2021): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51865/jesp.2021.2.09.

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Анотація:
This study aims to identify differences in private and government (public) schools concerning academic optimism of teachers and school engagement and aspirations among students. It aims to provide insight into the ability of teachers to influence engagement and aspirations among students by facilitating an environment conducive to academic engagement. Results indicate a difference between students of private and government schools in engagement and educational aspirations. Regression analysis explores the impact of academic optimism on certain aspects of school engagement while also highlighting a relationship between engagement and aspirations among students. Results indicate a need to look at teacher’s academic optimism as a way of optimizing student ambition through active classroom instruction and various academic support networks.
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Tzenis, Joanna A. "Campus Immersion: Supporting Youth Agency and Aspirations for Higher Education." Journal of Youth Development 13, no. 4 (December 14, 2018): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2018.576.

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Анотація:
Encouraging aspirations for higher education among young people who are marginalized is a common youth program strategy for addressing educational and social disparities. However, data on educational attainment suggests that these aspirations often go unfulfilled and that there is a need for a different approach—one that more deeply considers the ways in which social context influences youth agency. Within this paper, I show that while marginalized youth have aspirations for higher education, they have fewer opportunities to take action to achieve them. Conceptually, this paper draws from Bourdieu’s concept of “habitus” and Sen’s capability approach in order to understand the aspirations for higher education among marginalized youth and how they can be supported through youth programs. A case from an overnight, campus-based youth program highlights how youth programs can support youths’ agentic abilities to achieve their aspirations. The findings from this study suggest that both future-planning activities and emulating student life prepared youth to navigate socio-cultural barriers to aspiration achievement. The presented findings offer insight into the nature of aspiring and have implications for how youth programs can be designed to effectively support agency and aspiration development among youth who have been marginalized.
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Campbell, Sanchika, Billy Gazard, Charlotte Woodhead, Lisa Harber-Aschan, Stephanie Beards, Jonathan Harber-Aschan, Molly Gazzard, Esma Yaman, Angela Murugesu, and Stephani L. Hatch. "Involving young people through co-production and widening participation approaches: Reflections from school-based engagement." Research for All 3, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18546/rfa.03.1.05.

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Co-production techniques that involve student voice have been shown to empower young people and shape their learning experiences, while widening participation approaches can improve students' educational aspirations. However, there is limited literature on the impact that a combination of co-production and widening participation approaches might have on students' learning, aspirations and self-esteem in the UK. The Research Methods in School Education (RISE) educational course aims to: (1) create a collaborative educational activity through co-production, giving young people an opportunity to voice their opinions; (2) raise awareness of community health issues; and (3) increase access to higher education. This paper describes and evaluates co-producing the RISE educational course with students and teachers from a sixth-form college in south-east London, drawing on students' voice, and on insights from teachers and researchers. We also assess the contribution of the course to improved awareness of community health issues, students' educational or career aspirations, and self-esteem.
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7

Bogunovic, Blanka, and Nada Polovina. "Educational-material context of the family and students’ attitudes towards schooling." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 39, no. 1 (2007): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi0701099b.

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Анотація:
The impact of the family environment, the mode and the quality of parental stimulation may have a decisive role in the student?s capacity development and realization of given capabilities, and affects particularly the level and the quality of his/her academic attainment. A student?s academic attainment is conditioned by educational aspirations formed in a dynamic interaction with stimulating aspects of the family context. The aims of our study were: to examine the students? attitudes towards schooling, and to obtain answers to the question: which stimulating aspects of family context are the most predictable for the development of educational aspirations, i.e. attitudes towards school and gaining knowledge, educational interests and plans for further education. The sample comprised 1.464 eighth-grade students, aged 15, from 34 primary schools in Serbia. The data were collected by the use of questionnaires filled in by the students and school principals. The results indicate a trend of interrelatedness of cognitively and educationally favorable conditions within the family and positive attitudes towards school, attainment, high aspirations and cognitive and intellectual interests for out-of-school activities. It can be concluded that family stimulation is the resultant of the influence of cultural and educational profile of the family and active parental attitudes regarding education and attainment of their children. The findings could have practical implications in the domain of parents/school cooperation, not only in order to increase the awareness of the importance of active participation of both parties, but also to provide useful guidelines for developing optimal contents and procedures. .
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Tamang, Min Kumar, and Milan Shrestha. "Let me Fly Abroad: Student Migrations in the Context of Nepal." Research in Educational Policy and Management 3, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/repam.2021.1.

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Анотація:
Student migration has been increasing over recent years in Nepal. The increasing numbers of students leave the country to the developed countries for their higher education with the hope of getting practical skills and knowledge and other valuable experiences to enhance their future carrier. This paper intends to explore the motivation, aspirations, and excitements among international students while flying abroad to pursue their higher education from the developed countries. In doing so, we adopted a narrative inquiry assuming that the stories of student mobility and its outcome challenge the educational and employment aspirations of youth in Nepal. The aspirations among international students encourage them to fly abroad due to the expectation of handsome earning and pursuing a foreign degree. Moreover, this paper also highlights the motivation of prospective students and their desire to fly abroad for their academic journey.
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9

Plucker, Jonathan A., and Russell J. Quaglia. "The Student Aspirations Survey: Assessing Student Effort and Goals." Educational and Psychological Measurement 58, no. 2 (April 1998): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164498058002008.

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Sanyal, Nandini, Sushmita Tandon, and Tina Fernandes. "Perceived Social Support, Career Aspiration and School Engagement of First Generation Learners and Second Generation Learners." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455-2526) 8, no. 1 (August 9, 2017): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v8.n1.p10.

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<p>The term ‘first generation learners’ refers to students who are first ones in their entire family to<br />go to school and receive an education. The present study is quantitative study which adopts a<br />factorial design in which first-and second generation learners and gender are treated as the<br />Independent Variables, and perceived social support and its dimensions, career aspirations and<br />its dimensions and student school engagement and its dimensions are considered as Dependent<br />Variables. The present study also adopts a correlational design to determine whether perceived<br />social support and career aspirations predict student school engagement in first and second<br />generation learners (girls and boys). Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to<br />select a sample of 150 first generation learners and 150 second generation learners from<br />Hyderabad. Results showed that there were significant differences between the two groups with<br />respect to career aspirations, educational aspirations and leadership aspirations. Significant<br />gender differences were observed with respect to belonging support and educational aspirations. Stepwise regression analyses showed that perceived social support and career aspirations and their dimensions are predictors of student school engagement and its dimensions in both first and second generation learners. Such results highlight the importance of formulating policies to improve the status of first generation learners, taking into consideration their economic status and other cultural and psychological aspects. Workshops for educationalists and school counsellors who may work closely with first-generation students should address issues that may be particularly relevant to this group.</p>
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Student educational aspirations"

1

Duniway, Robert L. "Why Johnny won't quit : reason, social influence and educational attainment /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8878.

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2

Willemse, Anneley. "An investigation of the educational aspirations of high school female learners." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004301.

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Researchers hold numerous perceptions of the educational aspirations and future career choices of teenage girls. Studies argue that factors such as the curriculum, teachers' and parents' attitudes, the impact of HIV/AIDS, and teenage pregnancy, influence girls' future educational and occupational hopes and dreams either positively or negatively. Other researchers claim that learners' career choice is limited by their potential and school performance. The existing literature also suggests that girls have lower self-esteem and levels of achievement than boys. This research seeks to gain insight into high school girls' perceived academic and vocational prospects. The research was carried out in an interpretive paradigm. Six secondary school female learners from one school participated in the study. Semistructured interviews were the core method of data collection, supplemented by questionnaires and a focus group interview. As teenagers, the girls were expected to already have started to think about their future hopes and dreams. The findings revealed that all the girls seemed to experience school as a place where they could acquire knowledge about what they needed to make them autonomous and successful in adult life. For them, their parents remained their major significant others. They regarded fear of poverty as a major factor motivating them to achieve their educational and vocational aspirations. Peer pressure appeared not to be a major determinant of these girls' successes in school. The girls believed that there is a relationship between their academic performance and their future vocational choice. In addition, the girls did not see boys as a threat to their climbing the ladder of success.
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3

Odell, Kerry S. "The Educational and Occupational Aspirations and Expectations of Rural Ohio Tenth- and Twelfth-Grade Students." Connect to resource, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1222692061.

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4

Jamison, Calvin D. "An analysis of the influence of informtion on the educational aspirations of black high school seniors." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53535.

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The influence of systematic information interventions on black high school students in Virginia was examined in this study. The State Council of Higher Education in Virginia (SCHEV) sponsored a series of information intervention activities since 1982 to influence black high school student aspirations for college. This study was designed to examine influences on college aspirations attributable to the SCHEV activities. A survey originally designed by SCHEV and the Department of Education was modified to collect data from 1151 black graduating seniors from representative high school districts in Virginia. The data were analyzed by cross-tabulation and chi square procedures. Results of the analyses suggested that one information intervention—Better Information Workshops—had more influence on college aspirations than other interventions, including published brochures, videotapes/cassettes, and public service announcements. Respondents indicated that their aspirations were influenced significantly by parents, other adults, guidance counselors, peers, and teachers. Almost 70% of the respondents would be first generation college students. In addition, fewer males than females were found to aspire to college attendance.
Ed. D.
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5

Grieve, Kimberly A. "Urban African American male high school students' educational aspirations for college and the influence of family, school, and peers /." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1258735643.

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Анотація:
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2009.
Typescript. Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Higher Education." Bibliography: leaves 96-106.
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6

Miller, Joelle A. "Predictors of Student Persistence in the STEM Pipeline| Activities Outside the Classroom, Parent Aspirations, and Student Self-Beliefs using NELS|88 Data." Thesis, Notre Dame of Maryland University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3684530.

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Focusing on Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) literacy is a national priority for the United States. As competition increases internationally for scientific and technological innovations, the United States is concentrating on building its STEM capacity (Stephens, 2011). Despite the numerous STEM reform efforts there continues to be a decline in STEM graduates and STEM competencies (McNally, 2012; Langdon, Mckittrick, Beede, Doms, & Khan, 2011; Herschback, 2011). With attention focused on increasing STEM college majors and occupations among the student population, the current research investigation centered on the role of parent aspirations, student self-beliefs, and activities outside the classroom to determine the outcome of middle and high school students choosing a STEM college major. Research suggested that students formulate their degree attainment during their middle and high school years, and even earlier (Roach, 2006; Maltese & Tai, 2011); therefore, it was logical to investigate STEM persistence during middle and high school years.

The study analyzed NELS:88, a longitudinal national public data set created by the National Center for Educational Statistics that used 12,144 participants. The students' self-reported data spanned over a 12-year period. Students completed five surveys in the NELS:88 data collection (NCES, 2011). Binary and multivariate logistical regressions determined if activities outside the classroom, parent aspirations, and student self-beliefs influenced STEM college majors. Conclusions of the study found significant relationships between the variables and STEM persistence. Individuals who participated in STEM activities after school were more likely to major in STEM (p<.001,Exp(B)=1.106). There was a significant positive relationship between parent aspirations and increased odds of choosing a STEM major (p<.0001, Exp(B)=1.041). There was a significant relationship between student self-beliefs and choosing a STEM major as students with higher self-beliefs had a decreased odds of choosing a non-STEM major (p<.05, Exp(B)=.988). When all three variables were considered together, self-beliefs were no longer significant (p<.166) but parent aspirations, (p<.0001, Exp(B)=1.034) and activities outside of the classroom (p<.0001, Exp(B)=1.097), both significantly predicted STEM participation.

The results of the research inform policy makers in regard to funding decisions and the development of programs, especially ones that occur outside of the school day. The analysis may guide decisions for school administrators on how to influence student retention within the STEM pipeline. The findings add to existing research and provide a better understanding of predictors affecting student persistence in STEM.

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Cruz, Jeannette. "Understanding the Relationship between the Talented Twenty Program and College Aspirations for High Ranking Students at a High Priority School." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/359.

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Анотація:
Percentage plans such as the Talented Twenty program purport to assist and motivate high ranking students to attend college and grant access to higher education. This type of plan is particularly important to students enrolled in high priority schools who might not view themselves as potential college students. This study examined the relationship between Florida’s Talented Twenty program that begins intervention with juniors and the college aspirations for high ranking students at a high priority school. Numerous studies have established that increased levels of education lead to higher salaries, career mobility, and an increased quality of life (e.g., Bowen, 1997; Leslie & Brinkman 1988; Pascarella & Terenzini, 1991, Swail, 2000). Given the importance of students’ decisions regarding whether or not they will attend college, understanding how and when they make decisions about attending college is important for them, their parents, advisors, and educational administrators. This research examined students’ perceptions and insights via interviews. The overarching research question was: How do high ranking high school students attending a high priority school in a south Florida district perceive their college opportunities? Sixteen high ranking students, grades nine – 12 from a high priority school in Miami-Dade County participated in the study. Participants were identified by a school counselor and individual semi structured interviews were conducted at the school. Utilizing a student development theoretical framework developed by Hossler and Gallagher (1987) that centered on students’ predisposition, search strategies and choices, data were organized and emergent themes analyzed. The analysis of the data revealed that in alignment with the framework (a) parents were the strongest influence in the development of these students’ college aspirations, (b) these students formalized their higher education plans between eighth and 10th grade, (c) these students actively engaged in academic searches and learning opportunities that increased their chances to be admitted into college, and (d) there was no relationship between knowledge regarding the Talented Twenty program and their educational decisions. This study’s findings suggest that interventions and programs intended to influence the educational aspirations of students are more likely to succeed if they take place by the eighth or ninth grade.
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MERCADO, CANDIDO ANTONIO. "EDUCATIONAL EXPECTATIONS AND ATTAINMENTS OF PUERTO RICAN HIGH SCHOOL SENIORS IN THE UNITED STATES (SOCIAL MOBILITY, PATH ANALYSIS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183898.

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The study was concerned with the testing of a modified causal model of college anticipation and attendance for a nationwide sample of Puerto-Rican and Mexican-American high-school seniors. The key problem of this study was defined on the basis of two fundamental criteria. The first states that social-structural and social-psychological components of sociological theory can provide basic information needed to comprehend the educational aspirations and achievement behaviors of Hispanic youth in the United States. The second theoretical tenet of this study was that the logic of the modified Wisconsin Model of status attainment can be understood as a common process that applies to all sectors of the American system of stratification and mobility. The data used in this study were extracted from the High School and Beyond: A National Longitudinal Study for the 1980s (HSB) and its First Follow-Up. Path coefficients associated with the direct and indirect effects were used in attempting to explain the variance in postsecondary educational plans and attainments of the subjects. A summary of the most significant findings, using the aforementioned data follows. The analysis of the educational attainments for the two ethnic group subsamples shows no statistically significant difference when the two samples are classified by gender. The recursive causal model used in this analysis is not completely successful in explaining the variance in the dependent variables (postsecondary educational plans and attainments) of both Mexican-American and Puerto-Rican high-school seniors. As a result, only about one-fourth of the degree of change in postsecondary educational plans and less than one-half of the variability in the level of educational attainments are accounted for by the antecedent variables. Present results reduce the impact of some of the social-psychological intervening variables on the level of educational plans of Hispanic adolescents. On the other hand, the role of objective variables (academic achievement and socioeconomic status is magnified. The influence of some of the objective variables on the process of educational attainment is also noticeable.
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Fillies, Henry. "Hoe gee studente by 'n werkersklasskool in 'n werkersklaswoonbuurt gestalte aan hul opvoedkundige aspirasies? 'n Gevallestudie van vyf graad 11-studente." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17917.

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Анотація:
Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The shaping of students. educational aspirations in their school and neighbourhood context is a complex process of confluence, and largely depends on their context-specific perceptions and conceptualisation. From a sociological perspective, this study focuses on how high-school students at a working-class school in a working-class neighbourhood shape their educational aspirations amidst their particular community dynamics. The study uses the analytical lens of space in order to investigate the underlying relationship between youth development and the youth.s educational aspirations in their neighbourhood context. It emphasises students. life experiences in two spaces, namely their residential space (the neighbourhood) and their institutional space (the school). This is an important focus in order to explore the dynamic relationship between students. spatial living dynamics and how they navigate within these to shape their educational aspirations. The study focuses on how the students experience the neighbourhood and school in relation to their educational aspirations, and how these aspects manifest in the shaping of their aspirations. Also key to the study is the students. prior socialisation processes with regard to their educational aspirations. The study.s primary point of departure is that there is a unique relationship between these students. living contexts and how they construct and position their educational aspirations within these contexts. The study belongs within the qualitative interpretative paradigm, as I attempt to describe and understand how these students consciously draw from practices and interactions in their living contexts to shape their educational aspirations. Qualitative research instruments, such as field notes, participatory and non-participatory observations as well as formal and informal interviews, were used to answer the research question and achieve the research objectives of the thesis. The findings are presented in narrative format according to relevant themes, and are also analysed on a narrative basis. The research shows how the students . based on their own resources, networks and interactions as well as their own agency . position themselves in relation to their educational aspirations in order to shape their aspirations. In this way, the study reveals how the participating students dualistically draw from the practices of both their living spaces . school as well as neighbourhood . in order to give content to their educational aspirations; how they navigate the shaping of their educational aspirations .in parallel., as it were, in line with both the aforementioned living contexts.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Studente se opvoedkundige-aspirasievorming in hul skool- en woonbuurtkonteks is 'n komplekse proses van samevloeiing, en hang grootliks van hul konteksspesifieke opvattings en konseptualisering af. Uit 'n sosiologiese perspektief konsentreer hierdie studie op hoe hoërskoolstudente by 'n werkersklasskool in 'n werkersklaswoonbuurt aan hul opvoedkundige aspirasies gestalte gee te midde van hul besondere gemeenskapsdinamiek. Die studie gebruik die analitiese lens van ruimte ten einde ondersoek in te stel na die onderliggende verwantskap tussen jeugwording en die jongmense se opvoedkundige aspirasies in hul woonbuurtkonteks. Die klem val op studente se lewenservarings in twee ruimtes, naamlik hul omgewingsruimte (die woonbuurt) en hul institusionele ruimte (die skool). Dit is 'n belangrike fokuspunt ten einde die dinamiese verwantskap te ondersoek tussen studente se ruimtelike leefdinamiek en hoe hulle daarin hul weg baan ten einde aan hul opvoedkundige aspirasies gestalte te gee. Die studie konsentreer op hoe die studente die woonbuurt en skool met betrekking tot hul opvoedkundige aspirasies beleef, en hoe hierdie aspekte in hul aspirasievormingsprosesse na vore kom. Nog 'n belangrike faktor in die studie is die studente se vorige sosialiseringsprosesse met betrekking tot hul opvoedkundige aspirasies. Die hoofuitgangspunt van die studie is dat daar 'n unieke verwantskap bestaan tussen hierdie studente se leefkontekste en hoe hulle hul opvoedkundige aspirasies daarin konstrueer en plaas. Die studie hoort tuis binne die kwalitatief-vertolkende paradigma, aangesien ek probeer beskryf en verstaan hoe hierdie studente op beredeneerde wyse uit praktyke en wisselwerkings in hul leefkontekste put om hul opvoedkundige aspirasies te vorm. Kwalitatiewe navorsingsinstrumente soos veldnotas, deelnemende en niedeelnemende waarnemings sowel as formele en informele onderhoude is gebruik om die navorsingsvraag te beantwoord en die navorsingsdoelwitte van die tesis te bereik. Die bevindings word in 'n narratiewe vorm aan die hand van tersaaklike temas aangebied en ook op 'n narratiewe grondslag ontleed. Die navorsing toon hoe die studente hulle - op grond van hul eie bronne, netwerke en wisselwerking sowel as hul eie agentskap - in verhouding tot hul opvoedkundige aspirasies plaas ten einde daaraan gestalte te gee. Sodoende onthul die studie hoe die deelnemerstudente op dualistiese wyse uit die praktyke van albei hul leefruimtes - skool en woonbuurt - put om hul opvoedkundige aspirasies te vorm; hoe hulle hul opvoedkundige-aspirasievorming as't ware 'parallel' in pas met albei voormelde twee leefkontekste navigeer.
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Carranza, Francisco David. "The effects of perceived parental educational involvement, acculturation and self-esteem on the academic performance and aspirations of Mexican-American adolescents." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2213.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of parental educational involvement, acculturation and self-esteem on the academic performance and academic aspirations of Mexican American adolescents.
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Книги з теми "Student educational aspirations"

1

Ontario. Premier's Council on Health, Well-being and Social Justice. Aspirations project qualitative research report. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1995.

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Ontario. Premier's Council on Health, Well-being and Social Justice. Aspirations Project qualitative research report. Toronto, Ont: Premier's Council on Health, Well-being and Social Justice, 1993.

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National Center for Education Statistics., ed. The educational progress of Hispanic students. Washington, D.C: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 1995.

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Cosser, Michael. Settling for less: Student aspirations and higher education realities. Cape Town: HSRC, 2004.

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5

Tafere, Yisak. Changing educational aspirations of children living in poverty in Ethiopia. Oxford: Young Lives, Dept. of International Development, University of Oxford, 2010.

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United States. Office of Educational Research and Improvement and National Center for Education Statistics, eds. The educational progress of women. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 1995.

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National Center for Education Statistics, ed. The educational progress of women. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, National Center for Education Statistics, 1995.

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Masumbuko, Masenezhow. Quelques considérations sur les facteurs des ambitions professionnelles en milieu rural: Cas des élèves de quelques écoles secondaires de la sous-région du Nord-Kivu au Zaïre. Québec, Canada: Université Laval, Faculté des sciences de l'éducation, 1985.

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9

Sociology, gender and educational aspirations: Girls and their ambitions. New York: Continuum International Pub. Group, 2009.

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10

Fuller, Carol. Sociology, gender, and educational aspirations: Girls and their ambitions. London: Continuum, 2011.

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Частини книг з теми "Student educational aspirations"

1

Povey, Jenny, Stefanie Plage, Yanshu Huang, Alexandra Gramotnev, Stephanie Cook, Sophie Austerberry, and Mark Western. "Adolescence a Period of Vulnerability and Risk for Adverse Outcomes across the Life Course: The Role of Parent Engagement in Learning." In Family Dynamics over the Life Course, 97–131. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12224-8_6.

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AbstractAdolescence is a time when developmental and contextual transitions converge, increasing the risk for adverse outcomes across the life course. It is during this period that self-concept declines, mental health problems increase and when young people make educational and occupational plans for their future. Considerable research has shown that parent engagement in their child’s learning has positive effects on academic and wellbeing outcomes and may be a protective factor in adolescence. However, it is during adolescence that parent engagement typically declines. Most studies focus on early childhood or use cross-sectional designs that do not account for the high variability in both the child’s development and the parent-child relationship over time. In this chapter, we examine the association between parent engagement and students’ outcomes—self-concept, mental health, and educational aspirations—drawing on national data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, while accounting for the school context—school belonging, peer connection problems, and bullying—and parenting styles using panel fixed effects models. We then explore perceptions of parental engagement and educational aspirations among a sample of adolescent students from highly disadvantaged backgrounds using interviews from the Learning through COVID-19 study. Findings show that parent engagement is important for students’ outcomes such as self-concept, mental health and aspirations in early and middle adolescence, even when accounting for family and school context factors. Further, parent engagement in late adolescence, with students from highly disadvantaged backgrounds, continues to be important for positive student outcomes.
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Trebbels, Marina. "Explaining students’ educational aspirations." In The transition at the end of compulsory full-time education, 119–52. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06241-5_9.

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O’Shea, Sarah. "Negotiating Embodied Aspirations." In Student Carers in Higher Education, 28–45. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003177104-3.

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Tytler, Russell, and Jonathan Osborne. "Student Attitudes and Aspirations Towards Science." In Second International Handbook of Science Education, 597–625. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9041-7_41.

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Tambyah, Siok Kuan. "Reflections and Aspirations." In Student Growth and Development in New Higher Education Learning Spaces, 98–110. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003212843-7.

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Kurlaender, Michal, and Jacob Hibel. "Students’ Educational Pathways: Aspirations, Decisions, and Constrained Choices Along the Education Lifecourse." In Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, 361–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76694-2_16.

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Wong, Billy. "The Aspirations of Minority Ethnic Youths." In Science Education, Career Aspirations and Minority Ethnic Students, 55–82. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137533982_4.

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Pham, Lien. "International Students’ Aspirations to Contribute to Socioeconomic Development in Vietnam." In Higher Education Dynamics, 177–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78492-2_10.

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Wong, Billy. "Introduction." In Science Education, Career Aspirations and Minority Ethnic Students, 1–16. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137533982_1.

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Wong, Billy. "The ‘Crisis’ in Science Participation." In Science Education, Career Aspirations and Minority Ethnic Students, 17–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137533982_2.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Student educational aspirations"

1

Perez, Rovin, and Slaveya Abadzhieva. "Design challenges, and outcomes of building a satellite the size of a soda can." In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.070.

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A Mach contest is part of an annual event, organized by UKLSL, which combines both CanSat and rocket competitions. The first Mach event in 2021 was focused on the design of “Simple and Advance CanSats”, and culminated on a 3-day activity at Machrihanish Airbase in Scotland. It involved setup, pre-flight checks, and system adjustments. This paper focuses on the design challenges, and outcomes from building a satellite the size of a soda can by reviewing the event, the mission designed for the competition, and students’ feedback on what could have been improved to prepare the next team competing in Mach-22 which would involve developing a Rocket design and launching an “Advance CanSat”. The competition allowed undergraduate students at The University of Nottingham to experience a practical learning style by solving real engineering problems and practicing professional development skills through design review presentations and providing a flight readiness review to the launch providers of the competition. The proposed mission statement was part of the “PEAK” category, which involved atmospheric studies, where it acts as a simulation model for measuring the atmosphere on different planets and as a deployable probe from rovers to measure varying atmospheric levels. The competition exposed students to perform AITV (Assembly, Integration, Testing, Verification) processes to their CanSat and constructed procedures to test and validate the recovery system. Results from the first Mach event prove a solid starting point for future CanSat competition and space activities within our university. In the future, there are aspirations to grow a student space society and get students involved in extra-curricular STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) projects, and allow them to apply the theory and concepts learned in their academics
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Ali, Ruba, Jolly Bhadra, Nitha Siby, and Noora Al-Thani. "From Sports To Science: Designing Sports Products to Experience Science and Engineering." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0268.

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Sports can have a substantial impact on fostering cognitive and non-cognitive skills in youth leading to higher productivity. Its potential to integrate within diverse academic subjects makes it an ideal choice to attract high school students to grasp the emphasis of STEM fields and careers. In the midst of gradual educational reformations in Qatar, a novel sports driven STEM program was launched to derive the competencies in the secondary students and enhance their STEM literacy and aspirations. Sports, being an intrinsic motivator favored by the Qatari students, instigating active participation and inspiration, is integrated to the innovative learning approach, thereby acknowledging the relevance of science to real world applications. The 248 participants from 15 secondary schools actively engaged in the program comprising sports product based scientific workshops and an engineering design challenge, bridging the gap between science and sports. Results implicating the active involvement of the students, manifesting the quintessential 21st century skills in engineering products, were drawn out from mixed methods. Quantitative statistical analysis of pre-post surveys, review of sports products and the substantiating observations of the facilitators successfully validate the application of diverse dispositions in the program. Student attitudes towards STEM fields and careers apparently augmented by virtue of the program outcomes is also interpreted from the analysis.
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Stamin, Cristina Manuela. "Digital technologies in support of students, teachers and parents." In Condiții pedagogice de optimizare a învățării în post criză pandemică prin prisma dezvoltării gândirii științifice. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/c.18-06-2021.p185-187.

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The use of digital teaching-learning methods and technologies in the didactic activity contributes to the improvement of the quality of the instructive-educational process, having an active-participatory character and a real active-formative value on the student's personality. In the socio-cultural tradition, ICT is defined as a means of mediation for knowledge, and from a dialogical perspective, it is seen as a means of opening, deepening and broadening the aspirations of dialogue. We must not forget that learning does not only involve the accumulation of knowledge, but growth, enrichment, evolution. Some rules can be stated for the successful integration of ICT in teaching. First of all, we must be sure that we have control over the material, both in terms of content and format, even if you are supported by an ICT specialist. Then it is necessary to have a plan on paper, separate from the material on digital media, the purpose and form of the presentation should not be very clear. Above all, the focus must be on the student and his learning needs. The biggest danger in any teaching-learning project that includes ICT and to be more focused on technology / creativity, not on the student-receiver and his learning needs.
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Malach, Josef, Dana Vicherková, Martin Kolář, and Kateřina Malachová. "SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS´ STUDY AMBITIONS AND PREREQUISITES FOR THE STUDY." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end076.

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"The article reports on the results of empirical research, aiming to analyse the relationship between two constructs - aspiration to study and prerequisites for the study - both of which are subjectively assessed by secondary school students themselves. Aspiration to study (possibly also achievement-aspiration) expresses the expected level of performance or positions an individual wants to achieve. Prerequisites for the study then indicate whether an individual has the talent, previous education, will or sufficient motivation to achieve a particular goal or position. In the educational reality, it can be assumed that all four combinations of both constructs can occur, with the worst being the student's distrust of their prerequisites for the study combined with zero effort to be a good student. A questionnaire survey of a group of 907 secondary technical school students in one region of the Czech Republic provides data for categorising students into one of four combination groups and at the same time determining whether the number of students in categories varies with the year of study or field of study. It is not known whether research-based categorisation has previously been performed on these learning success constructs."
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Nugroho, Yuli Sutoto, Munoto, Ismet Basuki, Euis Ismayati, and Alexandra Paleologoudias. "Future Educational Aspirations of Electrical Engineering Students." In 2021 Fourth International Conference on Vocational Education and Electrical Engineering (ICVEE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icvee54186.2021.9649718.

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McGrory, Marita Margarita. "Did the Bologna Process contribute to improving international students’ success rates in Germany’s HEIs? Twenty years of success rates in Germany: how the Bologna Process impacts on the success rates of International and German students." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11144.

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Low success rates are a thorn in the side of any Higher Education Institute (HEI). With increasing aspirations of attracting international students to Germany (HRK 2020), the international students’ success rates are worthy of a review. For it reflects on how internationalisation processes, such as the Bologna Process, impact on success rates and whether the changing structures attract international students. We used the German administrative data, covering twenty years, to create this cross-cohort analysis of student success rates. By creating a common finishing point-in-time, the combined success rates of diplom and bachelor students in mechanical engineering show that the synchronised success rates for the increasing number of international students are not just comparable, but better than those of the German students.
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Yoshida, Ikuo. "Impacts of Educational Outreach on Envisioning Marine Cities of the Future Development Project." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95431.

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Abstract Given today’s changing global environment and the need for people to be able to lead prosperous lives in the future, we will need technical experts who can think flexibly and respond to change, and we will also need to provide opportunities for children to awaken and develop their interest in relevant technical areas. I have used lectures and seminars on the Marine Cities of the Future Development Project [1][2], a project in which I am deeply engaged, as opportunities to verify the impact of educational outreach on students. In these lectures, I emphasize aspects such as “pushing the boundaries” and “realizing goals through reliable technology,” and tailor the content to stimulate students’ career aspirations in STEM fields. Requests from educators for further lectures aimed at cultivating students’ career aspirations and students’ heightened interest in proposals of new technology as revealed by post-lecture surveys, confirm that these efforts have had the intended effect.
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Fulani, Omoyeni, Olubukunola Pase, Abel Omeiza, Joyce Daniels, Oluwole Alagbe, Peter Aderonmu, and Joshua Udiminue. "GENDER AND CAREER ASPIRATIONS OF ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS." In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2017.1266.

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Mbanefo, Maryrose. "Promoting Educational Resilience through Effective Strategic Planning of Students Learning Outcomes by Educational Institutions." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.4627.

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The paper examined the ways of promoting educational resilience through strategic planning of students learning outcomes by educational institutions management. Specifically, it investigated the extent management strategic planning operations can improve students learning outcomes, and promote educational resilience. Descriptive survey research design was used for the study, and it was carried out in National Open University of Nigeria with a population of 600 facilitators/ lectures in eight faculties. A sample of 60 lectures was purposefully selected from five faculties. A 16- items questionnaire and secondary data were used for data collection. The questionnaire was validated and trial tested to determine the reliability coefficient, which was 0.80. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the two research questions. The findings revealed that management strategic planning operations can improve students learning outcomes to a high extent, such as: the institutions’ mission, vision, aspirations and objectives, core values, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats; strategies and operational tactics; evaluation and funding streams. It was also revealed that effective strategic planning of students learning outcomes can promote educational resilience to a very high extent, such as: creating an inclusive process (collaboration); having expectation for shared responsibility, taking ownership in managing, storing and securing data, consistency in motivating and building staff capacities, and commitment to making changes in organization for better options. The study gave the importance of Strategic planning in education amidst the past Covid-19 experiences; and the limitations of strategic planning in building educational resilience, these ranges from cultural, structural, managerial values, environmental, human resource capacity, management style, to inadequate strategy formulation and implementation of plans.
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Colthorpe, Kay, Harrison Gray, Hardy Ernst, and Louise Ainscough. "How authentic is it? Evaluating the products of an authentic assessment task." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9067.

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Authentic assessment tasks resemble activities that are practiced in the workforce. These tasks are valued because they represent what students wish to accomplish as professionals, positively influencing their aspirations and motivations by explicitly demonstrating relevance of assessment tasks. However, given the choice available to students in completing authentic tasks and novelty of outcomes, the products of such assessment may vary in authenticity. This study aimed to develop a method of evaluating authenticity in student assessment products. Second year occupational therapy students (n=59) completed a written factsheet assignment about a disease or condition. The students’ products were evaluated for authenticity using a novel rubric developed during the study. The results demonstrate that authenticity in the product of an authentic assessment task is measurable, but varies widely across a cohort, with most products demonstrating moderate to high authenticity. However, there was no correlation between authenticity and course grade. Neither was there a correlation between the grade for this authentic task and a verbal authentic task in another course. These findings suggest that students, at this stage of their education, may not yet have progressed from writing like a professional to acting like one.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Student educational aspirations"

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Alansari, Mohamed, Melinda Webber, Sinead Overbye, Renee Tuifagalele, and Kiri Edge. Conceptualising Māori and Pasifika Aspirations and Striving for Success. NZCER, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18296/rep.0019.

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The COMPASS project is part of NZCER’s Te Pae Tawhiti Government Grant programme of research. It is also aligned to the broad goals and aspirations of NZCER, in that its overarching purpose is to give effect to Te Tiriti o Waitangi and the notion of Whakatere Tōmua—Wayfinding. The COMPASS project has examined the ways kaiako, ākonga, and whānau navigate educational experiences and contexts. Using quantitative and qualitative data, the report focuses on examining the social-psychological conditions for school success from the perspectives of Māori and Pasifika students (n = 5,843), Pasifika whānau members (n = 362), and Māori kaiako (n = 311) from 102 schools across Aotearoa New Zealand.
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Bano, Masooda. Curricula that Respond to Local Needs: Analysing Community Support for Islamic and Quranic Schools in Northern Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/103.

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Involving local communities in school management is seen to be crucial to improving the quality of education in state schools in developing countries; yet school-based management committees remain dormant in most such contexts. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with a rich network of community-supported Islamic and Quranic schools in the state of Kano in northern Nigeria—a sub-Saharan African region with very low education indicators, low economic growth, and political and social instability—this paper shows how making school curricula responsive to local value systems and economic opportunities is key to building a strong sense of community ownership of schools. Under community-based school management committees, control over more substantive educational issues—such as the content of school curricula and the nature of aspirations and concepts of a good life that it promotes among the students—remains firmly in the hands of the government education authorities, who on occasion also draw on examples from other countries and expertise offered by international development agencies when considering what should be covered. The paper shows that, as in the case of the urban areas, rural communities or those in less-developed urban centres lose trust in state schools when the low quality of education provided results in a failure to secure formal-sector employment. But the problem is compounded in these communities, because while state schools fail to deliver on the promise of formal-sector employment, the curriculum does promote a concept of a good life that is strongly associated with formal-sector employment and urban living, which remains out of reach for most; it also promotes liberal values, which in the local communities' perception are associated with Western societies and challenge traditional values and authority structures. The outcomes of such state schooling, in the experience of rural communities, are frustrated young people, unhappy with the prospect of taking up traditional jobs, and disrespectful of parents and of traditional authority structures. The case of community support for Islamic and Quranic schools in northern Nigeria thus highlights the need to consider the production of localised curricula and to adjust concepts of a good life to local contexts and economic opportunities, as opposed to adopting a standardised national curriculum which promotes aspirations that are out of reach.
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Bano, Masooda. Curricula that Respond to Local Needs: Analysing Community Support for Islamic and Quranic Schools in Northern Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/103.

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Involving local communities in school management is seen to be crucial to improving the quality of education in state schools in developing countries; yet school-based management committees remain dormant in most such contexts. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with a rich network of community-supported Islamic and Quranic schools in the state of Kano in northern Nigeria—a sub-Saharan African region with very low education indicators, low economic growth, and political and social instability—this paper shows how making school curricula responsive to local value systems and economic opportunities is key to building a strong sense of community ownership of schools. Under community-based school management committees, control over more substantive educational issues—such as the content of school curricula and the nature of aspirations and concepts of a good life that it promotes among the students—remains firmly in the hands of the government education authorities, who on occasion also draw on examples from other countries and expertise offered by international development agencies when considering what should be covered. The paper shows that, as in the case of the urban areas, rural communities or those in less-developed urban centres lose trust in state schools when the low quality of education provided results in a failure to secure formal-sector employment. But the problem is compounded in these communities, because while state schools fail to deliver on the promise of formal-sector employment, the curriculum does promote a concept of a good life that is strongly associated with formal-sector employment and urban living, which remains out of reach for most; it also promotes liberal values, which in the local communities' perception are associated with Western societies and challenge traditional values and authority structures. The outcomes of such state schooling, in the experience of rural communities, are frustrated young people, unhappy with the prospect of taking up traditional jobs, and disrespectful of parents and of traditional authority structures. The case of community support for Islamic and Quranic schools in northern Nigeria thus highlights the need to consider the production of localised curricula and to adjust concepts of a good life to local contexts and economic opportunities, as opposed to adopting a standardised national curriculum which promotes aspirations that are out of reach.
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Kaffenberger, Michelle, Lant Pritchett, and Martina Viarengo. Towards a Right to Learn: Concepts and Measurement of Global Education Poverty. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/085.

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The idea that children have a “right to education” has been widely accepted since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 (United Nations, 1948) and periodically reinforced since. The “right to education” has always, explicitly or implicitly, encompassed a “right to learn.” Measures of schooling alone, such as enrollment or grade attainment, without reference to skills, capabilities, and competencies acquired, are inadequate for defining education or education poverty. Because of education’s cumulative and dynamic nature, education poverty needs an “early” standard (e.g., Grade 3 or 4 or age 8 or 10) and a “late” standard (e.g., Grade 10 or 12 or ages 15 and older). Further, as with all international poverty definitions, there needs to be a low, extreme standard, which is found almost exclusively in low- and middle-income countries and can inform prioritization and action, and a higher “global” standard, against which even some children in high income countries would be considered education poor but which is considered a reasonable aspiration for all children. As assessed against any proposed standard, we show there is a massive learning crisis: students spend many years in school and yet do not reach an early standard of mastery of foundational skills nor do they reach any reasonable global minimum standard by the time they emerge from school. The overwhelming obstacle to addressing education poverty today is not enrollment/grade attainment nor inequality in learning achievement, but the fact that the typical learning profile is just too shallow for children to reach minimum standards.
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Schipper, Youdi, Isaac Mbiti, and Mauricio Romero. Designing and Testing a Scalable Teacher Incentive Programme in Tanzania. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/044.

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School participation in Tanzania has increased dramatically over the past two decades: primary school enrolment increased from 4.9 million in 2001 to 10.9 million in 2020. While 81 percent of primary-school-age children are currently enrolled, over the last ten years, the primary completion rate has dropped and remains below 70 percent since 2015 (data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics).1 Despite improvements in enrolment, indicators of foundational learning remain low. According to the 2020 report of the Standard Two National Assessment (STNA), conducted by the National Examinations Council of Tanzania (NECTA), in 2019 five percent of Grade 2 students pass the benchmark for reading proficiency (“Can correctly read exactly 50 words of the passage in one minute and with 80 percent or higher comprehension”). The report finds that 17 percent of students pass the benchmark (80 percent correct) of the addition and subtraction sub-tasks. These outcomes are not the result of students’ lack of academic aspiration: according to the RISE Tanzania baseline survey, 73 percent of Grade 2 and 3 students say they would like to complete secondary school or university. In a recent report, the Global Education Evidence Advisory Panel (World Bank, 2020) asked what programmes and policies are the most cost-effective instruments for addressing the learning crisis and improving learning for all children. The report creates three categories: the “great buys” category includes programmes that provide very low-cost but salient information on the benefits, costs, and quality of education. The “good buys” category includes programmes that provide structured pedagogy, instruction targeted by learning level, merit-based scholarships and pre-school interventions. Finally, the category “promising but low-evidence” includes teacher accountability and incentive reforms. KiuFunza, a teacher performance pay programme in Tanzania, fits this last category. KiuFunza (shorthand for Kiu ya Kujifunza or Thirst to Learn) provides test-score linked cash incentives to teachers in Grades 1, 2, and 3 to increase foundational literacy and numeracy outcomes for students. The programme is managed by Twaweza East Africa, a Civil Society Organization, and was set up to provide evidence on the impact of teacher incentives in a series of experimental evaluations. This note discusses the rationale for teacher incentives in Tanzania, the design elements of KiuFunza and preliminary results for the most recent phase of KiuFunza (this phase was implemented in 2019-2021 and the impact evaluation is part of the RISE Tanzania research agenda).
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Alifia, Ulfah, Rezanti Putri Pramana, and Shintia Revina. A Policy Lens on Becoming a Teacher: A Longitudinal Diary Study of Novice Teacher Professional Identity Formation in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/096.

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The early years of a teacher’s career are crucial to the formation of their professional identity—a complex process of reconciling their personal attributes with the demands of the profession. This study explores the identity formation of novice teachers in Indonesia and seeks to identify the various aspects that shape this process. Specifically, we examine how Indonesia’s current teacher policy landscape affects novice teachers’ perspectives on teaching and their profession. Through a longitudinal bimonthly diary study conducted over two years, we find that the novice teachers’ stories about their identity development revolve around five themes: initial motivation to enter the profession, beliefs about teaching and the teaching profession, satisfaction with working conditions, perceptions about major challenges during the early years, and commitment to the teaching profession and career aspiration. Our findings show that individual teachers’ personal attributes do influence the formation of their identities as teachers, but teacher policies and working conditions influence this process to a greater extent. Without support, novice teachers struggle to navigate the tension between their ideals, limited resources, and inconsistent teacher policies. These findings suggest it is necessary to redefine what it means to be a teacher by characterising the observable qualities of good teaching, linking them to student learning, and rectifying teacher policies in the Indonesian education system to be coherent with these characteristics.
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Rarasati, Niken, and Rezanti Putri Pramana. Giving Schools and Teachers Autonomy in Teacher Professional Development Under a Medium-Capability Education System. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2023/050.

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A mature teacher who continuously seeks improvement should be recognised as a professional who has autonomy in conducting their job and has the autonomy to engage in a professional community of practice (Hyslop-Margison and Sears, 2010). In other words, teachers’ engagement in professional development activities should be driven by their own determination rather than extrinsic sources of motivation. In this context, teachers’ self-determination can be defined as a feeling of connectedness with their own aspirations or personal values, confidence in their ability to master new skills, and a sense of autonomy in planning their own professional development path (Stupnisky et al., 2018; Eyal and Roth, 2011; Ryan and Deci, 2000). Previous studies have shown the advantages of providing teachers with autonomy to determine personal and professional improvement. Bergmark (2020) found that giving teachers the opportunity to identify areas of improvement based on teaching experience expanded the ways they think and understand themselves as teachers and how they can improve their teaching. Teachers who plan their own improvement showed a higher level of curiosity in learning and trying out new things. Bergmark (2020) also shows that a continuous cycle of reflection and teaching improvement allows teachers to recognise that the perfect lesson does not exist. Hence, continuous reflection and improvement are needed to shape the lesson to meet various classroom contexts. Moreover, Cheon et al. (2018) found that increased teacher autonomy led to greater teaching efficacy and a greater tendency to adopt intrinsic (relative to extrinsic) instructional goals. In developed countries, teacher autonomy is present and has become part of teachers’ professional life and schools’ development plans. In Finland, for example, the government is responsible for providing resources and services that schools request, while school development and teachers’ professional learning are integrated into a day-to-day “experiment” performed collaboratively by teachers and principals (Niemi, 2015). This kind of experience gives teachers a sense of mastery and boosts their determination to continuously learn (Ryan and Deci, 2000). In low-performing countries, distributing autonomy of education quality improvement to schools and teachers negatively correlates with the countries’ education outcomes (Hanushek et al., 2011). This study also suggests that education outcome accountability and teacher capacity are necessary to ensure the provision of autonomy to improve education quality. However, to have teachers who can meet dynamic educational challenges through continuous learning, de Klerk & Barnett (2020) suggest that developing countries include programmes that could nurture teachers’ agency to learn in addition to the regular content and pedagogical-focused teacher training materials. Giving autonomy to teachers can be challenging in an environment where accountability or performance is measured by narrow considerations (teacher exam score, administrative completion, etc.). As is the case in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, teachers tend to attend training to meet performance evaluation administrative criteria rather than to address specific professional development needs (Dymoke and Harrison, 2006). Generally, the focus of the training relies on what the government believes will benefit their teaching workforce. Teacher professional development (TPD) is merely an assignment for Jakarta teachers. Most teachers attend the training only to obtain attendance certificates that can be credited towards their additional performance allowance. Consequently, those teachers will only reproduce teaching practices that they have experienced or observed from their seniors. As in other similar professional development systems, improvement in teaching quality at schools is less likely to happen (Hargreaves, 2000). Most of the trainings were led by external experts or academics who did not interact with teachers on a day-to-day basis. This approach to professional development represents a top-down mechanism where teacher training was designed independently from teaching context and therefore appears to be overly abstract, unpractical, and not useful for teachers (Timperley, 2011). Moreover, the lack of relevancy between teacher training and teaching practice leads to teachers’ low ownership of the professional development process (Bergmark, 2020). More broadly, in the Jakarta education system, especially the public school system, autonomy was never given to schools and teachers prior to establishing the new TPD system in 2021. The system employed a top-down relationship between the local education agency, teacher training centres, principals, and teachers. Professional development plans were usually motivated by a low teacher competency score or budgeted teacher professional development programme. Guided by the scores, the training centres organised training that could address knowledge areas that most of Jakarta's teachers lack. In many cases, to fulfil the quota as planned in the budget, the local education agency and the training centres would instruct principals to assign two teachers to certain training without knowing their needs. Realizing that the system was not functioning, Jakarta’s local education agency decided to create a reform that gives more autonomy toward schools and teachers in determining teacher professional development plan. The new system has been piloted since November 2021. To maintain the balance between administrative evaluation and addressing professional development needs, the new initiative highlights the key role played by head teachers or principals. This is based on assumption that principals who have the opportunity to observe teaching practice closely could help teachers reflect and develop their professionalism. (Dymoke and Harrison, 2006). As explained by the professional development case in Finland, leadership and collegial collaboration are also critical to shaping a school culture that could support the development of professional autonomy. The collective energies among teachers and the principal will also direct the teacher toward improving teaching, learning, and caring for students and parents (Hyslop-Margison and Sears, 2010; Hargreaves, 2000). Thus, the new TPD system in Jakarta adopts the feature of collegial collaboration. This is considered as imperative in Jakarta where teachers used to be controlled and join a professional development activity due to external forces. Learning autonomy did not exist within themselves. Hence, teachers need a leader who can turn the "professional development regulation" into a culture at schools. The process will shape teachers to do professional development quite autonomously (Deci et al., 2001). In this case, a controlling leadership style will hinder teachers’ autonomous motivation. Instead, principals should articulate a clear vision, consider teachers' individual needs and aspirations, inspire, and support professional development activities (Eyal and Roth, 2011). This can also be called creating a professional culture at schools (Fullan, 1996). In this Note, we aim to understand how the schools and teachers respond to the new teacher professional development system. We compare experience and motivation of different characteristics of teachers.
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