Дисертації з теми "Sub base layer"

This research programme is an in-depth study regarding the sub-base layer of pavements made by a polymer composite using crumb recycled tyres, recycled plastic and fly ash as fillers with jute-fabric as a reinforcement. Emphasis is placed mostly on the mix proportions, mechanical properties and durability of the purposed composite as precast lightweight product.

La production de l’huile de palme génère plusieurs déchets dont les coques de noix de palmistes (CNP). Face à l’épuisement des ressources naturelles, utilisables en technique routière, la valorisation des déchets agricoles comme les coques de noix de palmiste constitue une solution alternative d’avenir pour les pays producteurs du palmier à huile. Cette thèse étudie l’utilisation des coques de noix de palmiste comme agrégat grossier dans la formulation des composites, proposables comme matériaux de couches d’assises des chaussées à faible trafic. La première partie du manuscrit traite de l’élaboration des mélanges des coques de noix de palmiste et de la terre de barre (terre latéritique abondante dans le sud du Bénin) pour une utilisation en couche de fondation. Les proportions volumiques de chaque composite sont déterminées par la loi parabolique de Fuller-Thompson. Au laboratoire, les essais géotechniques sur le sol latéritique et sur les composites ont montré que l’ajout de 61% des CNP à la terre de barre augmente l’indice CBR de 76% à 95% de l’optimum Proctor Modifié. L’ajout de 15% de sable lagunaire dans la formulation a permis de réduire la plasticité de 29%. Ainsi, le composite (39 % de sol latéritique + 61 % de CNP) avec un indice CBR égal à 30 et le composite (45 % de sol latéritique, 40 % de CNP et 15 % de sable de lagune) avec un indice CBR égal à 41 sont utilisables en couche de fondation des routes à faible trafic. La deuxième partie est consacrée au remplacement dans un béton bitumineux semi grenu 0/10 utilisable en couche de roulement des gros granulats classiques par les coques de noix de palmiste. Les différentes compositions granulaires sont obtenues par le modèle d’empilement compressible de De Larrard. La tenue à l’eau, étudiée à travers l’essai de Duriez montre que les CNP peuvent remplacer les granulats grossiers dans les enrobés des chaussées à faible trafic. La valorisation des coques de noix de palmistes en technique routière, constitue une grosse solution technico- économique dans le désenclavement des milieux ruraux des pays tropicaux et surtout pour le transport des produits des zones de production vers celles de transformation et de consommation
The production of palm oil generates several wastes including palm kernel shells (PKS). Facing the depletion of natural resources that can be used in pavement construction, the recovery of agricultural waste such as palm kernel shells is an alternative solution for the future for oil palm producing countries. This thesis studies the use of palm kernel shells as coarse aggregate in the formulation of composites materials. The latter can be used as subbase course materials for low-traffic pavements. The first part of the manuscript deals with the production of mixtures of palm kernel shells and lateritic soil (lateritic soil abundant in the south of Benin) for use as a foundation layer. Parabolic law of Fuller-Thompson is utilized to determine the volume proportions of each composite. In the laboratory, geotechnical experiments on lateritic soil and on composites have shown that the addition of 61% PKS increases the CBR index from 76% to 95% of the Modified Proctor optimum. The addition of 15% lagoon sand in the formulation decreases the plasticity by 29%. Thus, the composites with a CBR index of 30 (39% lateritic soil + 61% PKS) and 41 (45% lateritic soil, 40% PKS and 15% lagoon sand) can be used in the foundation layer for low traffic roads. The second part focuses on the substitution of the traditional coarse aggregates by palm kernel shells in a semi-grained bituminous concrete 0/10. This type of asphalt is usable in surface wearing course. The different granular compositions are obtained by the compressible stacking model of De Larrard. The moisture resistance, studied through the Duriez test, shows that PKS can be a good alternative of coarse aggregates in lightly trafficked pavement mixes. The valorization of palm kernel shells in transportation technology is a major technical and economical solution to provide a better access to the rural areas in tropical countries. Especially, it can be useful for the transport of products from production areas to those of processing and consumption

Abstract The goal of this work was to develop a CMOS receiver for a time-of-flight (TOF) laser rangefinder utilizing sub-ns pulses produced by a laser diode operating in gain switching mode (~ 1 nJ transmitter energy). This thesis also discusses the optical detector components and their usability with sub-ns optical pulses in laser rangefinding and the effect of the laser driver electronics on the shape of the sub-ns laser output, and eventually on the timing walk error of the laser rangefinder. The thesis presents the design of an integrated receiver channel IC intended for use in the pulsed TOF rangefinder. This is realized in a low-cost and consumer electronics-friendly CMOS technology (0.18 μm) and is based on a linear receiver and leading edge time discrimination. The measured walk error of the receiver is ~ 500 ps (4.5 cm in distance) within a 1:21,000 dynamic range. The measured jitter of the leading edge, affecting the single-shot precision of the radar, was ~ 12 ps (1.6 mm in distance) at an SNR > 200. In addition, a pulsed TOF rangefinder using the receiver IC developed here was designed and used for demonstrating the possibility of measuring tiny vibrations in a distant non-cooperative target. The radar was used successfully to observe 10 Hz vibrations in a non-cooperative target with an amplitude of 1.5 mm (sub-mm precision after averaging) at a distance of ~ 2 m. One important result was the demonstration of a difference in walk error behaviour between MOSFET and avalanche BJT-based laser pulse transmitters. The practicability of an integrated CMOS AP detector in sub-ns laser rangefinding was also studied
Tiivistelmä Työn tavoitteena oli kehittää CMOS-vastaanotin valon kulkuaikamittaukseen perustuvaan laseretäisyysmittariin, joka hyödyntää ”gain-switching”-tekniikalla toimivan laserdiodin (~ 1 nJ energia) tuottamia alle nanosekuntiluokan laserpulsseja. Väitöskirja tutkii myös valovastaanotinkomponenttien käyttökelpoisuutta alle nanosekuntiluokan laserpulsseja hyödyntävässä laseretäisyysmittauksessa. Työssä tutkitaan myös laserdiodilähettimen elektroniikan vaikutusta alle nanosekuntiluokan laserpulssien muotoon ja lopulta niiden vaikutusta systemaattiseen ajoitusvirheeseen laseretäisyysmittauksessa. Väitöskirja esittelee suunnitellun valopulssin kulkuaikamittaukseen perustuvaan laseretäisyysmittariin soveltuvan integroidun vastaanotinkanavan IC-piirin. Se on toteutettu halvalla, kulutuselektroniikkaan soveltuvalla CMOS tekniikalla (0,18 μm) ja se perustuu lineaariseen vastaanottimeen ja nousevan reunan ilmaisuun. Vastaanottimen mitattu systemaattinen ajoitusvirhe on ~ 500 ps (4,5 cm matkassa) 1:21 000 signaalivoimakkuuden vaihtelualueella. Vastaanottimesta mitattu laseretäisyysmittarin kertamittaustarkkuuteen vaikuttava nousevan reunan satunnainen ajoitusepävarmuus oli ~ 12 ps (1.6 mm matkassa) signaalikohinasuhteella > 200. Lisäksi tässä työssä toteutettiin kehitettyä vastaanotin-IC piiriä hyödyntävä valopulssin kulkuaikamittaukseen perustuva etäisyysmittari, jolla kyettiin havainnollistamaan mahdollisuutta mitata pientä tärinää kaukaisessa passiivisessa kohteessa. Tutkalla onnistuttiin havainnoimaan 1,5 mm vaihteluväliltään olevaa 10 Hz tärinä ~ 2 m etäisyydellä olevasta kohteesta. Väitöskirjan yksi tärkeä tulos oli havainnollistaa systemaattisessa ajoitusvirheessä havaittava ero MOSFET-transistoriin ja vyöry-BJT-transistoriin perustuvan laserpulssilähettimen välillä. Integroidun CMOS AP vastaanotinkomponentin käyttökelpoisuus alle nanosekuntiluokan laseretäisyysmittauksessa tutkittiin myös

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
The petrochemical industry or petroleum deserves special attention because, in practically all stages (drilling, refining, storage and distribution), residues that harm the environment and is a challenge to those responsible for their management are generated. Among the various wastes generated by the oil industry, are the Soils Contaminated by Petroleum Products (SCPD). In Cearà state, the generation of this type of waste is coming from a refinery that is located in Fortaleza city. During maintenance performed on the steps of refining and storage of petroleum, can occur contact derivatives with soil, contaminating it, thus generating SCPD which finishes stored in drums, requiring alternative for correct final disposal. Given the above, was decided to study the incorporation of SCDP in the granular layers of the floor so that it ensures no damage to the environment. A new methodology was developed allowing the assessment of the technical feasibility of using SCDP (natural or stabilized) in Road Paving, using the encapsulation technique with cement. In the experimental program developed, the characterization tests, compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Simple Compression Strength (RCS), Diametrical Compression (RTCD), Resilience Modulus (MR), durability were executed, thus as the achievement of the environmental tests of leaching and solubilization. Observed after conducting of the experimental program, there are technical possibility for the incorporation of SCDP in granular pavement layers. The results shown an incorporation of residue to the natural ground, in other words, a particle size stabilization already has considerable gains, since it increases the index support. By adding cement, significant gains were obtained from CBR, MR, RCS and RT, and a condition of reasonable durability. However, environmentally, in an initial assessment, the feasibility of using the SCDP on pavements was not possible, because the mix without cement and mixing with cement evaluated, obtained concentrations of the parameters analyzed in the assay solubilization above permitted. However, it is important to note that the current method of assessing contaminant parameters does not take into consideration conditions that might be encountered in the field, thus there is a need to design of a model to evaluate the mechanical and environmental properties for waste that may be incorporated in the pavement construction process. Thus, the encapsulation technique contaminants cannot be ignored as an alternative to incorporating SCDP granular layers of paving.
A indÃstria petroquÃmica ou do petrÃleo merece atenÃÃo especial. Em praticamente todas as etapas (perfuraÃÃo, refino, armazenamento e distribuiÃÃo) sÃo gerados resÃduos nocivos ao ambiente que representam um desafio para os responsÃveis pelo seu gerenciamento. Dentre os diversos resÃduos gerados pela indÃstria petrolÃfera, estÃo os Solos Contaminados por Derivados de PetrÃleo (SCPD). No estado do CearÃ, a geraÃÃo desse tipo de resÃduo à proveniente de uma refinaria que fica localizada na cidade de Fortaleza. Durante as manutenÃÃes realizadas nas etapas de refino e armazenamento do petrÃleo, pode ocorrer o contato de derivados com o solo, contaminando-o, gerando assim, o SCPD. Esse resÃduo acaba estocado em tambores, necessitando de alternativas para uma disposiÃÃo final correta. Diante do exposto, resolveu-se estudar a incorporaÃÃo do SCDP nas camadas granulares dos pavimentos de forma que se garanta a ausÃncia de danos ao meio ambiente. Elaborou-se uma metodologia que permitiu avaliar a viabilidade tÃcnica do uso do SCDP (natural ou estabilizado) na PavimentaÃÃo RodoviÃria, usando a tÃcnica de encapsulamento com cimento. No programa experimental desenvolvido foram executados os ensaios de caracterizaÃÃo, compactaÃÃo, Ãndice de Suporte CalifÃrnia (CBR), ResistÃncia à CompressÃo Simples (RCS), ResistÃncia à TraÃÃo por CompressÃo Diametral (RTCD), MÃdulo de ResiliÃncia (MR), durabilidade, bem como a realizaÃÃo dos ensaios ambientais de lixiviaÃÃo e solubilizaÃÃo. Observou-se, apÃs a realizaÃÃo do programa experimental, que hà possibilidade tÃcnica para a incorporaÃÃo do SCDP em camadas granulares de pavimentos. Os resultados mostram que a incorporaÃÃo de resÃduo ao solo natural, ou seja, uma estabilizaÃÃo granulomÃtrica, jà traz bons ganhos, uma vez que eleva o Ãndice de suporte das misturas. Ao se adicionar cimento, foram obtidos ganhos significativos para CBR, MR, RCS e RTCD, bem como uma razoÃvel condiÃÃo de durabilidade. PorÃm, ambientalmente, em uma primeira avaliaÃÃo, as concentraÃÃes dos parÃmetros analisados no ensaio de solubilizaÃÃo ficaram acima do permitido. No entanto, à importante ressaltar que o mÃtodo atual de avaliaÃÃo dos parÃmetros contaminantes nÃo leva em consideraÃÃo as condiÃÃes que poderÃo ser encontradas em campo. Logo hà a necessidade da concepÃÃo de um modelo de avaliaÃÃo das propriedades mecÃnicas e ambientais para resÃduos que venham a ser incorporados no processo de construÃÃo de pavimentos. Assim, a tÃcnica de encapsulamento de contaminantes nÃo pode ser desconsiderada como alternativa à incorporaÃÃo do SCDP em camadas granulares de pavimentos.

Noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectro-metry (NICE-OHMS) is one of the most sensitive laser-based absorption techniques. The high sensitivity of NICE-OHMS is obtained by a unique combination of cavity enhancement (for increased interaction length with a sample) with frequency modulation spectrometry (for reduction of noise). Moreover, sub-Doppler detection is possible due to the presence of high intensity counter-propagating waves inside an external resonator, which provides an excellent spectral selectivity. The high sensitivity and selectivity make NICE-OHMS particularly suitable for trace gas detection. Despite this, the technique has so far not been often used for practical applications due to its technical complexity, originating primarily from the requirement of an active stabilization of the laser frequency to a cavity mode. The main aim of the work presented in this thesis has been to develop a simpler and more robust NICE-OHMS instrumentation without compro-mising the high sensitivity and selectivity of the technique. A compact NICE-OHMS setup based on a fiber laser and a fiber-coupled electro-optic modulator has been constructed. The main advantage of the fiber laser is its narrow free-running linewidth, which significantly simplifies the frequency stabilization procedure. It has been demonstrated, using acetylene and carbon dioxide as pilot species, that the system is capable of detecting relative absorption down to 3 × 10-9 on a Doppler-broadened transition, and sub-Doppler optical phase shift down to 1.6 × 10-10, the latter corresponding to a detection limit of 1 × 10-12 atm of C2H2. Moreover, the potential of dual frequency modulation dispersion spectrometry (DFM-DS), an integral part of NICE-OHMS, for concentration measurements has been assessed. This thesis contributes also to the theoretical description of Doppler-broadened and sub-Doppler NICE-OHMS signals, as well as DFM-DS signals. It has been shown that the concentration of an analyte can be deduced from a Doppler-broadened NICE-OHMS signal detected at an arbitrary and unknown detection phase, provided that a fit of the theoretical lineshape to the experimental data is performed. The influence of optical saturation on Doppler-broadened NICE-OHMS signals has been described theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. In particular, it has been shown that the Doppler-broadened dispersion signal is unaffected by optical saturation in the Doppler limit. An expression for the sub-Doppler optical phase shift, valid for high degrees of saturation, has been derived and verified experimentally up to degrees of saturation of 100.

Étude de l'effet des interférences quantiques qui dominent à basse température les propriétés de transport électronique des systèmes désordonnés. Des alliages amorphes au::(X)SI::(1-X) et des multicouches Au-Si ont été préparées par évaporation sous vide d'or et de silicium

碩士
東南科技大學
防災科技研究所
99
Abstract This study discusses the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) for sub-base and base layer of the feasibility early assessment. In the laboratory: (1) the mixing proportion of RAP with cement and modified asphalt emulsion is 3:1:0.8 for the self-compaction of control low strength material (CLSM); (2) cold RAP mixtures with the ratios of 5% cement by the total weight of materials and 5% modified asphalt emulsion. The two kinds of mixture are fabricated by samples for laboratory test and field test for comparison. The samples are cured by 1 day, 7 days, 14 days and 28 days for test to compare their mechanical properties and the specification of CLSM is the basic criteria for reference. Keywords: reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), emulsified asphalt, CLSM

碩士
中原大學
化學工程研究所
95
Membranes with high separation performance are fascinated for lots researchers in the field of pervaporation. In this study, Chitosan（CS）/Cellulose Acetate（CA）composite membrane was fabricated to investigate the effect of CA substrate structure on dehydration performance of aqueous isopropanol（IPA） mixtures. The CA substrate membranes were prepared by various concentration of CA polymer solution. The Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） observation, light transmittance experiment and rheometer measurement results showed that a membrane with denser sublayer and thicker top layer can be formed for higher polymer concentration. The optimum pervaporation performances for 70wt% IPA/H2O mixtures through 9wt% CA polymer solution cast CS/CA composite membrane are 8,300 g/m2h and 99 wt% for permeation rate and water content in permeate, respectively. By immersing cellulose acetate casting film in ethanol coagulant bath, we could prepare membranes with lacy structure. However, the delay solidification rate, which made the useless in continuous membranes preparation for this system. In the dual-coagulant baths system, we could also prepare membranes with lacy structure and fast solidification, which using alcohol and water were used as the 1st and 2nd coagulant, respectively. The chitosan/cellulose acetate/ non-woven composite membrane made by coating 3wt% chitosan solution on the substrate with lacy structure, had nice pervaporation performances for 70wt% IPA/H2O mixtures at 70℃. The flux and water concentration in permeate are 7570 g/m2h and 99 wt%, respectively.

碩士
淡江大學
物理學系碩士班
103
The correlation between sub-band gap absorption and the chemical states and electronic and atomic structures of S-hyperdoped Si have been extensively studied, using synchrotron-based x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), valence-band photoemission spectroscopy (VB-PES) and first-principles calculations. S 2p XPS spectra reveal that the S-hyperdoped Si with the greatest (~87%) sub-band gap absorption contains the highest concentration of S2- (monosulfide) species. Annealing S-hyperdoped Si reduces the sub-band gap absorptance and the concentration of S2- species, but significantly increases the concentration of larger S clusters [polysulfides (Sn2-, n> 2)]. The Si K-edge XANES spectra show that S hyperdoping in Si increases (decreased) the occupied (unoccupied) electronic density of states at/above the conduction-band-minimum. VB-PES spectra evidently reveal that the S-dopants not only form an impurity band deep within the band gap, giving rise to the sub-band gap absorption, but also cause the insulator-to-metal transition in samples. In the calculations by Density Function Theory further predicted the IMT of S-doped Si at a dopant concentration of about 0.46% (~2.3x1020 cm-3) and clearly indicate that the enhancement of the Density of stats at the ECBM and EVBM.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
材料科學與工程學系暨研究所
97
The fabrication of sub-wavelength metal grating polarizers using e-beam direct lithography and multi-layered alignment technologies. As a non-polarized light is impinging into a metal grating, it will absorb the TE-mode whose electric field oscillation direction is parallel to the wire-grid. It will then perpendicularly transmit the TM-mode out of the wire. This thesis investigates the transmission of polarized light and its extinction ratio by designing the parameters of the grating structure. Besides from considering the relationship between structure size and the wavelength of the incident light, the resonant cavity can also filter out any undesired wavelength. Therefore, the metal grating has the ability to both polarize and filter. First, this paper discusses the characteristics of polarization concerning the parameters of single layer aluminum film structure. By modulating the thickness of the aluminum, the width of the slits, the period of the grating and the filling factor, the project has been able to find and produce a substantially more effective grating structure. Once the thickness of aluminum film reaches 4000Å and the slits are smaller, the filter polarization becomes more effective. Although it will lower the TM transmission, this then is compensated by the suppression of the TE mode in the process creating a desired extinction ratio / filling factor of 1:3. However, single layer grating systems are unable to contain a resonant cavity and therefore cannot filter out any undesired part of the incident light. To resolve this problem, we used multi-layered alignment technologies to construct a double layered metal grating system. Here, a silicon oxide layer was inserted between the metal layers to form a resonant cavity for the polarized light. The amounts of the shift between the two layers are 0.25 and 0.5 of the slits. By modulating the thickness of the middle oxide layer, we can control wavelength effectively so much so that we can suppress the transmission of longer wavelengths. We also use the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) to simulate the phenomenon of near-field optics and to analyze the mechanism of transmission. To confirm our result of the experiment, we used a rigorous-couple-wave-analysis (RCWA) simulation. In conclusion, we modulated the optical path of the incident light in the structure by adjusting the amount of shift or by changing the length of the resonant cavity. These two processes allowed us to control the transmissible wavelength effectively while also enabling the double layered metal grating to become a filtered-polarizer for communication wavelength. In the thesis, there is 60% of TM transmission at 1500nm of the double layers system the thickness control of [3000Å vs 1000Å] and the period is only 600nm with filling factor 1:3, and the extinction ratio is almost 3000. It is a high quality color-filtered polarizer. In order to lower the cost of the process, we also used nano-imprinting and reversal imprinting lithography technologies to fabricate the sub-wavelength polarizer. We substituted the substrate as polymer material to increase its flexibility and feasibility. By using an imprint condition of 19MPa 100nm gold film, we obtained the extinction ratio of more than 70. Any increase in the degree of the oblique incident angle produces a red-shift on the surface plasma resonant wavelength. The TE-mode is much suppressed at the longer wavelength because it is far away from the characteristic wavelength of gold. Therefore, the ability of polarization can be improved dramatically.

博士
國立交通大學
光電工程研究所
106
We developed and characterized the hydrogenated silicon sub-oxide doped layers and light trapping structures for enhancing light managements in silicon-based thin-film solar cell. This thesis covers five main research topics: (i) development of p-type μc-SiOx:H with wide bandgap and high conductivity by optimizing deposition conditions, (ii) development of p-type SiOx:H alloy prepared in transition region with high conductivity as window layer in a-Si:H/a-Si1-yGey:H tandem cells by adjusting H2-to-SiH4 flow ratio (RH2), (iii) development of p-type and n-type μc-SiOx:H with wide bandgap, and high conductivity as p-layer of the bottom cell and back-reflecting layer (BRL) in a-Si:H/μc-Si:H tandem cells, (iv) applications of optimized p-type and n-type μc-SiOx:H as dual-functional intermediate reflection layer and tunneling recombination junction (IRL/TRJ) in a-Si:H/μc-Si1-zGez:H tandem cells, and (v) development of assembled Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by chemical method and periodic SiO2 light trapping structures by nanoimprint technology in a-Si:H/a-Si1-yGey:H tandem cells. The p-type c-SiOx:H thin-films were deposited by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD). By increasing RH2 and deposition pressure, the film exhibited the increased conductivity of 0.23 S/cm and the enhanced crystalline volume fraction (XC) of 43.7%. However, under higher pressure process conditions, the degraded the conductivity of 1.37×10-3 S/cm and XC of 32.7% was observed, resulting from the insufficient hydrogen etching during film growth. The p-type SiOx:H films were prepared in the transition region as a window layer in a-Si:H/a-Si1-yGey:H tandem cells. By increasing the RH2 from 10 to 167, the SiOx:H(p) remained amorphous and exhibited an increased hydrogen content. Compared to the a-SiOx:H(p) prepared at low-RH2, the SiOx:H(p) deposited at the RH2 of 167 exhibited a wide bandgap of 2.04 eV and a higher conductivity of 1.15×10-5 S/cm. With the employment of SiOx:H(p) prepared by increasing RH2 from 10 to 167 in a-Si:H cells, the FF was improved from 65 to 70% and the efficiency increased from 7.4 to 8.7%. However, the cell employed SiOx:H(p) with RH2 over 175 degraded the p/i interface and the cell performance. The a-Si:H/a-Si1-yGey:H tandem cells employing SiOx:H(p) deposited with RH2 of 167 showed an efficiency of 10.3%, with VOC of 1.60 V, JSC of 9.3 mA/cm2 and FF of 68.9%. The p-type and n-type μc-SiOx:H were prepared as doped layers of bottom cell in a-Si:H/μc-Si:H tandem cells. Regarding the doped μc-SiOx:H films, the wide optical bandgap (E04) of 2.33 eV while maintaining a high conductivity of 0.2 S/cm could be obtained with [O] of 20 at.%. Compared to the μc-Si:H(p) as window layer in μc-Si:H cells, the application of μc-SiOx:H(p) increased the VOC and led to a significant enhancement in the short-wavelength spectral response. Meanwhile, the employment of μc-SiOx:H(n) instead of conventional ITO as BRL enhanced the spectral response in the long-wavelength region. Compared to the reference cell, the optimized a-Si:H/μc-Si:H tandem cell by with p-type and n-type μc-SiOx:H exhibited an efficiency of 10.51%, which was a relative enhancement of 16%. The p-type and n-type c-SiOx:H films were prepared as functional layers in IRL/TRJ structures for a-Si:H/c-Si1-zGez:H tandem cell applications. Compared to the reference cell without the IRL/TRJ structure, the cell with µc-SiOx:H(n)/µc-Si:H(n)/µc-Si:H(p) structure as IRL/TRJ showed a significant increase in FF from 57.3 to 69.3% without the S-shaped J-V curve. Furthermore, replacing µc-Si:H(p) with µc-SiOx:H(p) increased the VOC from 1.32 to 1.35 V due to the higher E04 than µc-Si:H(p). Using the µc-SiOx:H(n)/µc-SiOx:H(p) as IRL/TRL structure in tandem cells exhibited the improved FF of 72.1% and the efficiency of 9.6%. After optimizing the CO2-to-SiH4 flow ratio (RCO2) and the thickness of µc-SiOx:H(n) IRL layer, the high efficiency of 11.6% was obtained by employing 40-nm-thick µc-SiOx:H(n) prepared at RCO2 of 1. The chemically assembled Ag NPs and the periodic SiO2 structure were developed to enhance the light management in a-Si:H/a-Si1-yGey:H tandem cells. With increasing Na3C6H5O7 concentration, the segregated Ag NPs employed in tandem cells increased spectral response in long-wavelength. In addition, as the Ag particle size increased, the increased spectral response in long-wavelength was due to the increased diffuse reflectance. However, too larger particle size than 150 nm decreased spectral response. The optimized a-Si:H/a-Si1-yGey:H tandem cell by employing Ag NPs of 150 nm prepared at Na3C6H5O7 concentration of 20 mM showed a high efficiency of 9.54%. Regarding the SiO2 structure on SnO2:F side in solar cells, with increasing the pillar height, the obviously increased spectral response was due to the increased roughness on surface. However, as the pillar height was over 200 nm, the decreased spectral response was ascribed to the remained interstitial SiO2. The optimal a-Si:H/a-Si1-yGey:H tandem cells by employing SiO2 with pillar height of 150 nm obtained an efficiency of 8.81%.

碩士
國立清華大學
物理系
104
In the thesis, we studied the chirped pulse amplification (CPA) system based on a dual-stage Yb-doped polarization-maintaining (PM) fibers seeded with a picosecond-scale all-normal dispersion (ANDi) fiber laser with pulse duration of 15 ps and average output power of 50 mW. The dual-stage amplifier was composed of 7-m-long 10-μm Yb-doped PM fiber and 5-m-long 30-μm Yb-doped PM fiber as a pre-amplifier and a main amplifier, respectively. In the experiment, due to strong nonlinearities induced by PM fibers and third order dispersion (TOD) of the fiber stretcher, we could not obtain sub-picosecond pulses in CPA system. But the power efficiency was raised up to about 50% for the characteristic of PM fibers in maintaining polarization of pulses so that the power would not loss due to the selection of polarization in grating compressor. Under the condition of the best compensation in SOD and TOD, the highest peak power of the compressed pulse was ~90 kW with pulse duration of 1.7 ps in FWHM and 1.94 ps in EA definition and the pulse energy was 174 nJ with 65% pulse energy concentration which was improved up to 35% comparing to normal-fiber-based CPA system.