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Статті в журналах з теми "Sub-station automation"
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Jin, Long Guo, and Lian Tao Cui. "Development and Application on Intelligent Sub-Station of Automatic Production Line Based on the STC12C5A60S2 MCU." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.807.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Intelligent sub-station based on STC12C5A60S2 MCU is used to substitute intelligent sub-station based on Siemens S7-200PLC. So It not only can achieve all control functions of intelligent sub-station in the original automatic production line, but also have advantages: flexible system composition, high cost-effective, lower initial investment cost and later stage maintenance cost. And it can realize many kinds of intelligent sub-station control form in the automation production line.
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Jia, Yang, Qiang Fu, Du Shi Ma, and Ming Yang Zhu. "Power Distribution Automation System in Green Power Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 1034–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.1034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Not only distribution automation system but the principle of the existing means of communication are studied systematically and distribution automation communication system model based on IP network is provided. Backbone network is set between master station in the control center and substation sub-station. Communication between electronic station and terminal connections rely on the branch network. Simulation experiment shows the test of data traffic and network delay of IP communications network. In the actual network environment the data refresh meet the application requirements. So the program on the improvement of distribution automation communication in this article is feasible.
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Lv, Rong Sheng, and Rui Yang. "Study of Building Automation Systems Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 1500–1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.1500.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BA System (Building Automation System) is an important intelligentized subsystem of Intelligent Building, also known as the groundwork of intelligent integration. It is the integration of multi-subsystems, which aims at automatic device management, efficiently saves energy and reduces use-cost. What is outstanding out of all effort for saving energy in modere Intelligent Building are both supervision and control of air-conditioner system. Now BA System comprises the basic components, here they are: central station, sub-station, spot meters, Control Network.According to survey, there are few stable BA System for long, without regard to amount of those existence. It results directly in massive equipments and related investment suspended. The thing is gone for little. The thesis illuminates functions and components of BA System thoroughly, gives further details of key technique---Control Network and System Integration, and predicts trend of this system. Based on the analysis mentioned along whith my experence, the procedure, principles and key point of BA System design and device choice are given; further more, embodies methods through illustrating real project for better utilization of BA System. In the end a conclusion and forecast of BA System are put forward.
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Li, Ai Ning, Hai Bo Liu, Peng Bo Wu, and Dong Mei Zhang. "Security Mechanism of Distribution Automation System Based on ECC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 740 (March 2015): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.740.446.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aimed at the characteristics and the security requirements of 10kV Power network distribution automation system, a set of security mechanisms is designed, which is based on Elliptic Curves Cryptography. Methods: The identity authentication between sub-station and distribution terminal unit is actualized by using ECC signature algorithm. Data integrity is actualized by Hash function and data encryption is actualized by ECC encryption schemes. Result: We develop a GUI (Graphical User Interface) as the simulation platform by using java language.
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Biswal, Gyan Ranjan, Prajnyajit Mohanty, Kazi Jabed Akram, Narayana Prasad Padhy, and Tarikul Islam. "Design and Fabrication of an Inexpensive Capacitive Humidity Sensor for Smart Sub-Station Automation." IEEE Sensors Journal 20, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 6215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2020.2974522.
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Hajjawi, Ayman, Mohammad Nour Hindia, Mahamod Ismail, Kamarul Ariffn Noordin, and Mohamad Dernaika. "Teleoperation Scheduling Algorithm for Smart Grid Communications in LTE Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 666 (October 2014): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.666.340.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigates the performance of three well-known algorithms namely Proportional Fairness, Exponential Proportional Fairness and Modified-Largest Weighted Delay First in LTE network. This study is based on their performance in three smart grid applications (Sub-Station Automation, Advance Metering Infrastructure and Wide Area Situational Awareness). In addition, a new mathematical model has been developed and proposed to target certain weakness of the above mentioned algorithms.
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Nasri, Ahlem, and Abdelhabib Bourouis. "A Model Driven Engineering Approach to Reduce Large Queueing Networks." Journal of Information Technology Research 10, no. 2 (April 2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2017040101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modeling complex systems, including discrete event systems, remains a challenge. The complexity and the size of such systems prevent understanding their models. This article proposes an approach for reducing queuing networks large models into smaller ones. The objective is to reduce the analysis as well as the simulation times in addition to the better understanding of the system under study. The basic idea is to divide the model into a set of smaller, hierarchically organized and more manageable sub-models, which are analyzed in isolation. The key contributions of this work are the substitution of each sub-model by a single M/G/8 station and the automation of the decomposition process using model transformation techniques. The main conclusion is that the reduction approach provides exact results for the global mean number of clients and mean residence time at the whole network.
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Laughton, P. J., C. S. Papadopol, and P. Jaciw. "Zero Discharge through Innovative Application of Intensive Silviculture to Effluent Disposal from a Small Canadian Wastewater Treatment Plant." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1990): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The design and practical experience gained from the operation of a small activated sludge wastewater treatment facility, incorporating zero effluent discharge through evapotranspiration utilizing a multi-clonal poplar forest, is described. Secondary treated effluent was seasonally applied to a forested plantation through an automated sprinkler system with the rate being calculated daily based on information from an automatic weather station and using a modified Penman approach. For the past six years, significant growth rhythm differences were found amongst the poplar clones. The influence of effluent irrigation on growth, with its additional nutrient content, is positive but not as yet deemed significant. Work to date would suggest that evapotranspiration of effluent by the plantation can be 3-4 times greater as compared to grass. This is attributed to increased foliage, larger direct evaporation and advection. Since the structure of plantation can be manipulated to a certain extent, it is speculated that further increases of evapotranspiration can be obtained even in a sub-humid climate. The concept could be applied in various geographic areas with existing technology and software allowing for the complete automation of an effluent recycling system.
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Taylor, John A., and Ian F. Bainbridge. "Improved VDC Casting of Aluminium Alloys through an Understanding of the Surface Properties of the Molten Metal." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 1693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1693.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vertical direct chill (VDC) casting of aluminium alloys is a mature process that has evolved over many decades through gradual change to both equipment design and casting practice. Today, air-pressurised, continuous lubrication, hot top mould systems with advanced station automation are selected as the process of choice for producing extrusion billet. Specific sets of operating parameters are employed on these stations for each alloy and size combination to produce optimal billet quality. The designs and parameters are largely derived from past experience and accumulated know-how. Recent experimental work at the University of Queensland has concentrated on understanding the way in which the surface properties of liquid aluminium alloys, e.g., surface tension, wetting angle and oxide skin strength, influence the size and shape of the naturally-stable meniscus for a given alloy, temperature and atmosphere. The wide range of alloyand condition-dependent values measured has led to the consideration of how these properties impact the stability of the enforced molten metal meniscus within the hot top mould cavity. The actual shape and position of the enforced meniscus is controlled by parameters such as the upstream conduction distance (UCD) from sub-mould cooling and the molten metal head. The degree of deviation of this actual meniscus from the predicted stable meniscus is considered to be a key driver in surface defect formation. This paper reports on liquid alloy property results and proposes how this knowledge might be used to better design VDC mould systems and casting practices.
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Kondratyeva, Anastasia, Daria Ivanova, Vyacheslav Begishev, Ekaterina Markova, Evgeni Mokrov, Yuliya Gaidamaka, and Konstantin Samouylov. "Characterization of Dynamic Blockage Probability in Industrial Millimeter Wave 5G Deployments." Future Internet 14, no. 7 (June 27, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14070193.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
5G New Radio (NR) systems promise to expand offered services to enable industrial automation scenarios. To enable ultra-low latency at the air interface and to exploit spatial redundancy for applications such as synchronization and motion control, user equipment (UE) will naturally require device-to-device (D2D) and base station (BS) to UE communications and directional transmissions provided by millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies. However, the performance of such systems is affected by the blockage phenomenon. In this paper, we propose a simple line-of-sight (LoS) blockage model for Industrial mmWave-based industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) deployments. The model is based on two sub-models, where each part can be changed/replaced to fit the scenario of interest. The first part is based on photogrammetry and provides the transparency probability for a single element on the factory floor. The second one utilizes these models of industrial elements to form the deployment and then applies stochastic geometry to derive the blockage probability. The proposed model can be utilized for any type of industrial machine, accounts for their inherent regular deployments on the factory floor, and provides the final results in an easy-to-compute form. Our results indicate that direct UE-UE communications are feasible in sparse deployments (less than 0.1 machine/m2) or at small communications distances (less than 5–10 m) or in deployments with highly transparent machines (machine transparency less than 0.5). Otherwise, BS-UE communications need to be utilized. In this case, BS height becomes a critical parameter affecting the LoS probability. Specifically, using a BS height of 10 m allows blockage probability to be improved by 20–30% as compared to a BS of height 4 m. Finally, as UE height produces more impact on the blockage probability as compared to a machine height, in real deployments, one needs to ensure that the height of communications modules at UEs are maximized.
Дисертації з теми "Sub-station automation"
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Kazim, Muhammad Anser. "Designing Smart Electrical Panels for Existing Wastewater Treatment Plants to Achieve Optimised Biogas Production and Cogeneration with HV/LV and Communication Redundancy for Smart Grid." Thesis, 2018. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/37856/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recognising the deep potential in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) automation strategies, this research focuses on expanding the plant operations in order to optimally utilise the produced biogas during the wastewater treatment process to achieve electricity cogeneration and High Voltage/Low Voltage (HV/LV) redundancy. The research has resulted in a proposed design for a smart Remote Terminal Unit (RTU). The proposed design also enables a failsafe mechanism at different levels of the water treatment process and biogas production thus facilitating an automated WWTP electricity cogeneration. The proposed design also increases the life span of substations, reduces power demand load on the grids and enhances safety of WWTP equipment during various scenarios of electricity cogeneration, shut downs and maintenance operations. Monitoring, operating and controlling of WWTPs is a complex and challenging task. The power equipment in most of the existing or old WWTPs that generates electricity from the biogas produced in the water treatment process requires intensive supervision and control to enable failsafe and redundant electricity cogeneration process. This research focuses on setting up an effective communication system between power equipment at existing or older WWTP distribution substations and power company`s zone substations, without the need to upgrade expensive switchgear and power equipment in the network. The proposed philosophy achieves automated and failsafe communication network for SCADA link to enable WWTP electricity cogeneration, utilising exiting or old infrastructure. This critical multidirectional power and data flow requires proper compliant and semantic data models to guarantee smooth and safe operations. It also requires to be flexible and have the ability to develop and implement the telemetric mapping philosophy between the substations during various scenarios of electricity cogeneration and faults. This research has resulted in a proposal of smart Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) on existing or old infrastructure of WWTP to achieve electricity cogeneration with integrated renewable energy resource
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Sub-station automation"
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"An Autonomous Mobile Inspection Robot for an Electric Power Sub-station." In 10th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004480503000306.
Повний текст джерела
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Kalpana, S., N. Saranya, and K. Saundariya. "An IoT Based Real-Time Monitoring and Controlling of Sub-Station Equipment." In 2021 International Conference on System, Computation, Automation and Networking (ICSCAN). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icscan53069.2021.9526443.
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Rahat, Rafiq Mahmud, Mohammad Hasan Imam, and Narottam Das. "Comprehensive Analysis of Reliability and Availability of Sub-Station Automation System with IEC 61850." In 2019 International Conference on Robotics,Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrest.2019.8644416.
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Chen, Xiyang, Kewei Zhang, and Yucheng Peng. "Research on Multi Diagnosis Methods for Hydro-Generator Sets." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58163.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hydro-Generator Sets Condition Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance activity has increased dramatically over the past few years. The Fault Diagnostic System is the key technique for the Predictive Maintenance. This paper discusses the Fault Diagnostic System function structure, system design and inferential strategy of Multi-Fault Diagnostic System of the Hydro-Generator Sets. The developing of the power system to big unit requires the higher automation and reliability of the power station. Electrical power systems are constantly exposed to faults and disturbances. This may lead to damage or it may pose a threat to reliable power system operation if a faulty cannot be quickly isolated from the system operation. In accordance with diversity and complexity of Hydro-Generator Sets faults, this paper brings forward a type of fault diagnosis method based on Multi-Diagnosis methods. The Multi-Diagnosis system is constituted of two Sub-Diagnosis systems: one is On-Line Sub-Diagnosis system that based on Bayesian Network (BN) just for the modeling with Bayesian Network has been a powerful tool to solve many uncertainty problems and also with the ability of predicting the future diagnosis; the other is Off-Line Sub-Diagnosis System that based on Model of a hydraulic Turbine-Generator Rotor-Bearing. In order to apply the Bayesian Network model to the engineering fields, we have to solve the problem of constructing the Bayesian Network. Then it suggests a method of constructing Bayesian Network based on the Fault Trees that widely used by the engineers. Base on the construction method, we will construct the Bayesian Network quickly, and Bayesian Network is more suitable for Hydro-Generator Sets fault diagnosis. In accordance with the On-Line Diagnosis Sub-System, it adopts Case-Based Reasoning to make the decision of final diagnosis result or further diagnosis. However, the method mentioned above is limited because of its bottleneck of the knowledge acquisition. The model strategy of the Rotor-Bearing system of Hydro-Generator is discussed and a multi-degree-freedom nonlinear model is developed. It proposes the simulation in accordance with the three fields such as: waterpower, electric and machine. Mechanical, electrical and hydraulic forces acting on rotor externally can be taken into account during the model calculating process. The transient responses of the system are calculated by combined used the transfer matrix method. This paper brings forward a prototype of Hydro-Generator Sets Fault Diagnostic System in order to make a more efficient fault diagnostic decision.
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Zhuravlev, Mikhail, Anastasiia Novikova, Aleksandra Cherkasova, Dmitry Shakhov, Alexander Kharkovsky, Roman Belousov, Azamat Sadykov, Konstantin Anuchin, Grisha Avanesyan, and Vadim Khafizov. "Practical Application of Integrated Simulation Technologies for Asset Development and Surface Facilities Design of Gas Fields." In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206551-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The main goal of this paper is to describe the automation process for asset design solutions assessment in accordance with the expected production levels in dynamics. The integrated model contains embedded sub-models (various assessment elements, such as pipeline networks, compression facilities, gas treatment units, reservoir simulation models for production profiles simulation and an economic model to obtain an instant investment estimate). A continuous data flow between all the component models provides a quick assessment of different variables influence on the final efficiency of the integrated asset development option; this approach makes possible the rapid expansion of options range as well as the increase in analysis depth. We describe this approach on the example of the gas assets group development project, which includes the integration of following part of surface facilities: pipeline networks (gathering system) for well pads with the corresponding booster compressor stations and transport network to deliver well product to gas process unit. The work shows the recommendations about how to set up the optimal configuration of an integrated model (type and composition of sub-models, linking algorithms, data exchange directions, etc.) to solve various issues of long-term planning. In addition, we show the example of standardizing the process of managing the sub- models to provide the integrated model fast update when new production data arrives or when the surface facilities concept is changed and to make the approach transfer to other close projects easier. The novelty of the work lies in the creation of a unique approach to solve the issues of conceptual design by flexible configuration of an integrated model for specific tasks. This approach includes processing of production data different formats, the ability to connect an economic model to obtain the instant investment assessment of surface facilities option within comprehensive analysis. In addition, it includes the ability to connect detailed models of the gas-processing unit and booster compressor station with prospective economic efficiency assessment in accordance with the production profiles updates. The integrated model example and overall approach that we provide in this paer is unique due to the following factors: – "flexibility" of the model, which changes its appearance depending on the tasks. – prompt update of the economic indicators of the project. – clear accounting of transport and process facilities (use of detailed models for pipeline and processing systems (including booster compressor stations).
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Clauss, Gu¨nther F., Hans W. Gerber, and Carsten Hippe. "ASTRA: An Automatic Spading Tool for the Remote Application at Abyssal Depths." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The future approach of the European marine research programme focuses on the establishment of multi-disciplinary networks including existing systems, and the development of new technologies for efficient installation and near real time communication. Within this framework the European Community funds the networks ORION (Ocean Research by Integrated Observation Networks - GEOSTAR 3) and ESONET 2 (European Seafloor Observatory NETwork) with several European partner institutions involved in marine research. Key technologies for deep-sea research have been developed in the frame of the GEOSTAR project (GEophysical and Oceanographic STation for Abyssal Research - Deep-Sea Mission). The concept comprises: • the deep-sea benthic observatory for geophysical and oceanographic purposes with its unique Data Acquisition and Control System (DACS), • the innovative underwater communication system as near real time interface, and • the deployment and recovery vehicle MODUS (MObile Docker for Underwater Sciences) for precise operations with heavy payloads. The know-how and existing equipment establishes a good basis for extensions and further developments to be used for network projects. ASTRA — an Automated Spading Tool for Remote Applications at abyssal depths — is one of these new concepts. This tool — integrated into the GEOSTAR-Bottom Station (BS) (also called node) and deployed by MODUS — will bury an Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) into the sub-sea soil. The OBS will be laterally displaced to the node and connected by an umbilical. At the end of a long-term mission the node will be recovered by MODUS and the OBS is pulled out of the ground hanging underneath the node. Both components, node and OBS, will be recovered by the surface research vessel. Equipment and procedures developed within the GEOSTAR project have been focused on providing a long-term stationing on the ocean floor to perform scientific measurements. The ASTRA concept takes a next step and aims for the interaction with its environment. Based on the proven and reliable combination of the deep sea shuttle MODUS for heavy load transportation and the payload Bottom Station as the carrier of equipment the new module ASTRA will extend the spectrum of scientific operating possibilities in the deep sea adding engineering services. An iterative process with an integrated design application of a 3D-CAD-system, FEM structural analysis and Multibody Simulation (MBS) characterizes the development phase of ASTRA. Using virtual mock-up critical aspects of handling and operation can be identified, and in consequence more easily avoided. Simulation results are validated by experimental investigations. Operations with the ASTRA prototype and the complete network-system will be performed in the Tyrrhenian Sea in late summer 2003.
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Harling, Henry E. "Design of an Automatic Waterhammer Prevention System." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57405.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) issued Generic Letter (GL) 96-06 [1] which required utilities to evaluate the potential for waterhammers in cooling water systems serving containment following a Loss of Offsite Power (LOOP) concurrent with a Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) or Main Steam Line Break (MSLB). At Duke’s Oconee Nuclear Station, analysis and system testing in response to GL 96-06 concluded that waterhammers occur in the Low Pressure Service Water (LPSW) system during all LOOP events. Column Closure Waterhammers (CCWH) occur when the LPSW pumps restart following a LOOP and rapidly close vapor voids within the system, specifically, in the Reactor Building Cooling Unit (RBCU) and Reactor Coolant Pump (RCP) motor piping. Condensation Induced Waterhammers (CIWH) occur when heated steam voids interact with sub-cooled water in long horizontal piping sections, specifically in the RBCU and Reactor Building Auxiliary Coolers (RBAC) piping. These waterhammers were not expected to result in pipe failure, but resulted in piping code allowable stresses being exceeded. Piping code compliance was achieved by installing modifications that prevent all GL 96-06 related waterhammers inside containment. Two modifications were designed and implemented. These modifications were designed to isolate the piping inside containment, the high point in the open loop system, in order to maintain it in a water solid state. This was accomplished by a valve closure scheme that is actuated by low LPSW supply header pressure. Additionally, “controllable vacuum breakers” (pneumatic valves) open on low LPSW supply header pressure to eliminate void formation and collapse while the isolation valves are closing. The pneumatic isolation valve arrangement is single failure proof to open and to close. The Waterhammer Prevention System (WPS) circuitry closes the valves by one of two digital channels consisting of relays, which are triggered by two of four analog channels consisting of a pressure transmitter/current switch. The valves re-open on increasing supply header pressure. A “leakage accumulator” was provided in the supply header to make-up any boundary valve leakage that may occur when the system is isolated. This provides for a larger allowable aggregate boundary valve leakage rate. The system response was predicted by a model using the thermal-hydraulic code GOTHIC. Following installation, an integrated test was successfully conducted by inducing a LOOP into the LPSW system.
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Bandara, K. R. Damindra S., Anthony P. Melaragno, Duminda Wijesekara, and Paulo Costa. "Multi-Tiered Cognitive Radio Network for Positive Train Control Operations." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5784.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Positive Train Controller (PTC) is a communication based system designed to enforce PTC safety objectives for trains such as train-to-train collisions, train derailments, and ensure railroad worker safety. Existing PTC designs consider risks due to operational environment such as location of other trains, switches, and speed limits. We propose to enhance PTC by using a multi-tiered cognitive radio network that considers multiple risks such as those due to bandwidth congestion, packet length limitations, propagation losses, detectable exploitation of Software Defined Radio vulnerabilities, and protocol vulnerabilities. Radios operating at PTC nodes (such as train, WIU and Base station) is equipped with a cognitive layer, which communicates with other nodes to create a cognitive radio network. The proposed network as a whole strives to provide spectrum management and security for the radio communication system, which can enhance the PTC functionality. Each cognitive radio in our proposed network consists of multiple tiers. The upper tier consists of a master cognitive engine that holistically evaluates the operational risks of the network and acts to mitigate them using the lower tiers. The lower tier (immediate slave tier to the master) consists of sub cognitive engines for cryptographic operations and spectrum management. The traditional PTC protocol is implemented at a lower tier module that interface with the master Cognitive Engine (CE). The master-slave communications within one radio is implemented using middleware. The proposed cognitive radio network can be modeled as a cyber-physical system by incorporating train movement dynamics, radio transmission characteristics and cryptographical computations, thereby constituting a distributed system of communicating hybrid automatons. This design enables us to verify safety and the security of the system using formal methods, which constitutes our ongoing work. We also discuss potential issues such as FRA mandated safety cases that needs to be addressed if the proposed features are to be added to the PTC systems.