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Статті в журналах з теми "Substrates"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 25 липня 2025

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1

Riley, E. D., H. T. Kraus, T. E. Bilderback, and D. M. Benson. "Composted Cotton Stalks and Cotton Gin Trash Substrate Amendments and Irrigation/Ground Cover Management II. Effect on Growth and Disease Suppression for Azalea and Juniper." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 32, no. 3 (2014): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898.32.3.141.

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‘Sunglow’ azalea and ‘Blue Pacific’ juniper were grown in pine bark (PB) and pine tree (PT) substrates that were amended with cotton stalks composted with a N source (CSN), cotton stalks composted without an N source (CS), and cotton gin trash (CGT) to evaluate the substrate's effect on plant growth and disease suppression. The plants were grown under two different, commonly used, irrigation/ground surface management regimes — overhead, sprinkler irrigation with black geotextile weed fabric covering the ground (OH) or low-volume, spray stake irrigation with gravel covering the ground (LV). In

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2

Bolduc, David M., Daniel R. Montagna, Yongli Gu, Dennis J. Selkoe та Michael S. Wolfe. "Nicastrin functions to sterically hinder γ-secretase–substrate interactions driven by substrate transmembrane domain". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, № 5 (2015): E509—E518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512952113.

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γ-Secretase is an intramembrane-cleaving protease that processes many type-I integral membrane proteins within the lipid bilayer, an event preceded by shedding of most of the substrate’s ectodomain by α- or β-secretases. The mechanism by which γ-secretase selectively recognizes and recruits ectodomain-shed substrates for catalysis remains unclear. In contrast to previous reports that substrate is actively recruited for catalysis when its remaining short ectodomain interacts with the nicastrin component of γ-secretase, we find that substrate ectodomain is entirely dispensable for cleavage. Inst

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3

Eddy, Jai Poinern Gerrard, S. Djordjevic, Brundavanam Ravi Krishna, Derek Fawcett, A. Nikoloski, and M. Prokic. "Enhanced Deposition and Reflective Properties of Thin Aluminium Films by Substrate Vibration." International Journal of Sciences Volume 3, no. 2014-07 (2014): 67–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3348757.

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The influence of substrate's vibration during vacuum deposition of aluminium thin films on copper substrates was examined. Aluminium metal was evaporated in specially designed vacuum chamber using the hot-filament technique. Copper substrates were subjected to a vibration of 7.6 kHz during deposition. The Al coatings were identified using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the resulting microstructures deposited on the substrates. Coatings deposited under substrate vibration had fewer particles, spherical in shape and deposited over uniformly ov

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4

Lee, Jong-Hyup, Ju-Been Ham, and Young-Cheon Kim. "An Investigation of the Indentation Elastic Modulus for Metal Films on Flexible Substrates Considering the Substrate Effect." Materials 18, no. 1 (2025): 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18010154.

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The accurate measurement of the elastic modulus of thin metal films on flexible substrates is critical for understanding the mechanical reliability of flexible electronics. However, conventional methods, such as the Oliver–Pharr model, often underestimate the modulus due to substrate effects, particularly with low-modulus substrates like polyimide (PI). In this study, we propose an improved weighting model that replaces the empirical weighting factor with a variable X to better account for substrate contributions. Nanoindentation experiments were performed on Cu and Al films with thicknesses o

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5

Fouad, Kermiche, Elhachmi Guettaf Temam, Taabouche Adel, and Bouabellou Abd Errahmane. "Effect of substrates on the structural and optical properties of cobalt-doped ZnO thin films." STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND EXACT SCIENCES 5, no. 3 (2025): e13132. https://doi.org/10.54021/seesv5n3-144.

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Cobalt-doped zinc oxide (CZO) thin films (Co: 3 at.%) were synthesized on glass and silicon substrates via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at 450°C. This study investigates the substrate’s influence on the films’ structural, optical, and electrical properties. X-ray diffraction revealed a highly crystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure with a strong (002) orientation, especially on Si(111) substrates. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry confirmed the film’s thickness (305 nm) and composition, while M-lines spectroscopy provided precise refractive index measurements. Optical analysis showed hi

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6

Bohm, Franciele Mara Lucca Zanardo, Adriana Strieder Philippsen, Débora Larissa de Oliveira, Lucas Henrique Teixeira Garcete, Paula Bonomo Bertola, and Paulo Alfredo Feitoza Bohm. "Emergência e crescimento de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) submetida a substratos orgânicos." Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 12, no. 2 (2017): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v12i2.4859.

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<p>A agricultura orgânica se destaca como modo de produção que consiste em um sistema sustentável. Um dos desafios desse método de cultivo é a produção de alimentos com qualidade em quantidades suficientes sem comprometer o meio ambiente. Objetivou-se analisar o efeito de substratos orgânicos na germinação e crescimento inicial de alface. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (substratos) e duas repetições. Foram testados os substratos: composto de Sibipiruna, substrato comercial, composto de Sibipiruna com chorume e substrato comerci

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7

Witcher, Anthony L., Glenn B. Fain, Eugene K. Blythe, and Cecil T. Pounders. "Nitrogen Form Affects pH and EC of Whole Pine Tree Substrate and Growth of Petunia." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 29, no. 4 (2011): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-29.4.213.

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Abstract Wood-based substrates are potential alternatives or amendments to traditional peat-based and pine bark substrates. Undesirable changes in substrate pH may result from the application of supplemental fertilizer required by some crops grown in wood-based substrates. Experiments were conducted to evaluate petunia growth and substrate pH in response to nitrogen (N) treatments applied as a nutrient solution to whole pine tree (WPT) and peat-lite (PL) substrates. Nitrogen treatments were applied as 100% ammonium (NH4+ N), 100% nitrate (NO3−N), or a combination of both in various proportions

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8

Evans, Michael R., Giampaolo Zanin, and Todd J. Cavins. "E-values Generated from Substrate Dry-down Models as a Physical Property Measurement for Evaluating and Classifying Wetness of Root Substrates." HortScience 46, no. 4 (2011): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.4.627.

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Water-holding capacity represents the volume of water retained by a substrate after a saturating irrigation and drainage, and it is often referred to as container capacity. However, water-holding capacity is a time-specific measurement that is limited to the status of the substrate immediately after saturation and drainage. It does not provide information regarding how quickly water is lost from the substrate, the substrate water status over time, or the irrigation frequency required for a substrate under specific conditions. A new procedure was developed that generated a single numeric value

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9

Silvestre, Rocío, Raúl Llinares Llopis, Laura Contat Rodrigo, Víctor Serrano Martínez, Josué Ferri, and Eduardo Garcia-Breijo. "Low-Temperature Soldering of Surface Mount Devices on Screen-Printed Silver Tracks on Fabrics for Flexible Textile Hybrid Electronics." Sensors 22, no. 15 (2022): 5766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155766.

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The combination of flexible-printed substrates and conventional electronics leads to flexible hybrid electronics. When fabrics are used as flexible substrates, two kinds of problems arise. The first type is related to the printing of the tracks of the corresponding circuit. The second one concerns the incorporation of conventional electronic devices, such as integrated circuits, on the textile substrate. Regarding the printing of tracks, this work studies the optimal design parameters of screen-printed silver tracks on textiles focused on printing an electronic circuit on a textile substrate.

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10

Kallinger, Birgit, Bernd Thomas, Sebastian Polster, Patrick Berwian, and Jochen Friedrich. "Dislocation Conversion and Propagation during Homoepitaxial Growth of 4H-SiC." Materials Science Forum 645-648 (April 2010): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.645-648.299.

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Basal Plane Dislocations (BPDs) in SiC are thought to cause degradation of bipolar diodes with blocking voltages > 2kV by triggering the formation and expansion of stacking faults during device operation. Hence, low N doped, thick epitaxial layers without BPDs are urgently needed for the realization of long-term stable SiC bipolar diodes. Such epilayers can be achieved if the conversion of the BPD into another harmless dislocation type is supported by proper epitaxial growth parameters and use of vicinal (off-cut) substrates. In this work, the influence of the substrate’s off-cut angle and

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11

Schafer, Gilmar, Paulo Vitor Dutra de Souza, and Claudimar Sidnei Fior. "Um panorama das propriedades físicas e químicas de substratos utilizados em horticultura no sul do Brasil." Ornamental Horticulture 21, no. 3 (2015): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v21i3.735.

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The cultivation in greenhouse and containers culminated with the necessity to use substrates with formulations as well as distinguished chemical and physical characteristics, the last ones assuming a key role in cultivation of horticultural plants. The aim of this study is to present results of physical and chemical analyses of substrates forwarded to an commercial laboratory (Laboratório de Substratos para Plantas - UFRGS) for the last three years, aiming to establishing a panorama of the substrates area and comparing them with reference values cited in the literature. In this period were per

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12

Pereira, Gustavo Furtado, Aline da Silva Oliveira, Kelly Cristiane Gomes, et al. "Selective Absorbing Surface Based on CrO3: Evaluation of Substrates Treatment Influence on the Films Optical Properties." Energies 16, no. 1 (2022): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010318.

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Solar energy presents the greatest potential by which to produce heat energy with reduced carbon emissions for power generation. To increase its harvesting and conversion, it is necessary to understand fundamental concepts and develop new materials. Although many processes can obtain selective absorbing surfaces (SAS) for application in solar energy exploitation, including electroplating methods, those processes have not sufficiently investigated the substrate’s treatment impact. The present work investigates 304 stainless steel (SS304) substrates treatment influence on the film’s (coatings) o

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13

Evans, Michael R., and Leisha Vance. "Physical Properties of Processed Poultry Feather Fiber-containing Greenhouse Root Substrates." HortTechnology 17, no. 3 (2007): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.17.3.301.

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A series of soilless root substrates was formulated to contain either 20% composted pine bark or perlite and 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% feather fiber, with the remainder being sphagnum peat. The substrates containing bark or perlite with 0% feather fiber served as the controls for the bark- and perlite-containing substrates respectively. For root substrates containing perlite, the inclusion of feather fiber increased the total pore space compared with the control substrate. For substrates containing bark, the inclusion of 10% or 20% feather fiber increased total pore space, but the inclusion of 30%

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14

Evans, Michael R., and Richard L. Harkess. "Growth of Pelargonium ×hortorum and Euphorbia pulcherrima in Rubber-containing Substrates." HortScience 32, no. 5 (1997): 874–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.5.874.

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Geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum L.H. Bailey) `Freckles' and poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzch) `Freedom' were grown in six peat and shredded-rubber substrates formulated to contain 75:25:0, 50:50:0, 25:75:0, 75:0:25, 50:0:50, 25:0:75 sphagnum peat: fine-grade rubber: coarse-grade rubber (by volume). Additionally, plants were grown in a 50 peat: 30 perlite: 20 loam (by volume) control substrate. Shredded rubber-containing substrates had higher bulk densities, lower total pore space, and higher total solids than the control substrate. Fine rubber-containing substrates had lower

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15

Sankara, Florence, Fernand Sankara, Salimata Pousga, et al. "Influence des attractifs sur la production des larves de la mouche domestique (Musca domestica L. (1758)) pour l’alimentation avicole dans la zone ouest du Burkina Faso." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, no. 3 (2022): 1217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i3.25.

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Les asticots constituent une source alternative de protéines animales pour pallier au problème d’alimentation auquel est confrontée l’aviculture. Cette étude, conduite au Burkina Faso avait pour objectifs de déterminer la date appropriée de récolte des asticots, d’identifier les substrats potentiels de production ainsi que les meilleurs attractifs afin d’optimiser les méthodes de production des larves de mouches domestiques pour une production avicole plus efficace et rentable. A cet effet, trois dates de récolte (4ème, 5ème et 6ème jour après exposition des substrats) ont été testées. Aussi,

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16

Olszewski, Michael W., Marion H. Holmes, and Courtney A. Young. "Assessment of Physical Properties and Stonecrop Growth in Green Roof Substrates Amended with Compost and Hydrogel." HortTechnology 20, no. 2 (2010): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.2.438.

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There is a lack of quantifiable data concerning physical analyses specific to shallow-depth green roof substrates and their effects on initial plant growth. Physical properties were determined for green roof substrates containing (by volume) 50%, 60%, or 70% heat-expanded coarse slate and 30% heat-expanded fine slate amended with 20%, 10%, or 0% landscape and greenhouse waste compost. Each substrate also was amended with hydrogel at 0, 0.75, 1.50, or 3.75 lb/yard3. There were no differences in total porosity among substrates containing 0%, 10%, or 20% compost, although total porosity increased

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17

Buck, Johann S., and Michael R. Evans. "Physical Properties of Ground Parboiled Fresh Rice Hulls Used as a Horticultural Root Substrate." HortScience 45, no. 4 (2010): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.4.643.

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Fresh parboiled rice hulls ground in a hammer mill and screened through a 1.18-mm screen and collected on a 0.18-mm screen (RH3) and particles with a specific diameter of 0.5 to 1.0 mm had total pore space (TPS), air-filled pore space (AFP), and water-holding capacity (WHC) similar to that of Canadian sphagnum peat (peat). However, RH3 had more available water, a higher bulk density (BD), and a higher particle density (PD) than peat. When blended with 20% to 40% perlite or 1 cm aged pine bark, RH3-based substrates had lower TPS, similar AFP, and lower WHC than equivalent peat-based substrates.

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18

Mu, Xiaojing, Xiaoqi Yi, Shangyou Xiao, Chengshan Wang, Gang Chen, and Yan Li. "Substrates for Paraoxonase." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 5 (2018): 615–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666171213102310.

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Background: Paraoxonase (PON) is a family of calcium-dependent hydrolases, which is related to many diseases. Elucidation of PON physiological roles, active center and all applications in medical fields are dependent on its substrates. Objective: The reports about PON substrates scattered in a long span of period are collected to afford clue for drug design, diagnosis of PON status and other academic purposes. Method: PON substrates from 133 references are classified and compared. Structurally, PON substrates are generally classified as organic phosphorous esters, lactones and arylesters. Some

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19

Villa, Fabíola, Daniel Fernandes da Silva, Thiago Augusto Peron, and Éder Junior Mezzalira. "Initial development of Physalis seedlings in substrates and containers." Comunicata Scientiae 9, no. 1 (2018): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v9i1.1313.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of Physalis peruviana and Physalis pubescens in containers and substrates, as well as the growth of transplanted P. pubescens seedlings into different containers and substrates. It was used for transplanting experiment (E1) plastic bags, disposable plastic glasses and plastic tubes containing four substrates: oxisol; commercial substrate; commercial substrate + fine washed sand; and commercial substrate + oxisol + fine washed sand. For the experiment of containers x substrates (E2) it was used polystyrene and polypropylene trays, both with

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20

Maryrose Chikaosolu, Okafor, and Okigbo Raphael Nnajiofor. "Evaluation of Three Organic Agricultural Wastes as Substrates for Cultivation of Mushroom (Pleurotus Tuberregium Fr.)." International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies 4, no. 3 (2024): 1318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.62225/2583049x.2024.4.3.2940.

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Evaluation of three organic agricultural wastes as substrates for cultivation of mushroom (Pleurotus tuberregium Fr.) was investigated in this study. Pleurotus tuberregium was cultivated using three substrates viz 80% saw dust and 20% cassava peels (A), 80% saw dust and 20% yam peels (B) and 80% saw dust and 20% rice bran (C) to determine the substrate with highest growth and yield. The methods used were processing of the organic wastes, bagging, sterilization, inoculation of the spawn, incubation, cropping, watering and harvesting. All treatments for the experiment were laid out using a Compl

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21

Evans, Michael R., and Mary M. Gachukia. "Physical Properties of Sphagnum Peat-based Root Substrates Amended with Perlite or Parboiled Fresh Rice Hulls." HortTechnology 17, no. 3 (2007): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.17.3.312.

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Ten substrates were formulated by blending perlite or parboiled fresh rice hulls (PBH) to produce root substrates (substrates) that contained either 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60% (by volume) perlite or PBH, with the remainder being sphagnum peatmoss. All substrates containing PBH had higher total pore space than substrates containing an equivalent amount of perlite. As the percentage perlite increased from 20% to 60%, the total pore space decreased. The total pore space increased as the amount of PBH increased to 50% and then decreased as the amount of PBH increased from 50% to 60%. The air-fille

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22

Panayiotis, Nektarios, Tsiotsiopoulou Panayiota, and Chronopoulos Ioannis. "Soil Amendments Reduce Roof Garden Weight and Influence the Growth Rate of Lantana." HortScience 38, no. 4 (2003): 618–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.38.4.618.

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Four substrates were investigated for their efficacy as roof garden vegetative layers. The substrates comprised a sandy loam soil (S), sandy loam soil amended with urea formaldehyde resin foam (S:F) in a proportion of 60-40 v/v, sandy loam soil amended with peat and perlite (S:P:Per) in a proportion of 50-30-20 v/v and peat amended with urea formaldehyde resin foam (P:F) in a proportion of 60-40 v/v. The substrates were evaluated for their physical and chemical properties and their capacity to sustain growth of Lantana camara L. Physical and chemical evaluation included weight determination at

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23

Ge, Kun, Yuling Hu, and Gongke Li. "Recent Progress on Solid Substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Analysis." Biosensors 12, no. 11 (2022): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12110941.

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Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful vibrational spectroscopy technique with distinguished features of non-destructivity, ultra-sensitivity, rapidity, and fingerprint characteristics for analysis and sensors. The SERS signals are mainly dependent on the engineering of high-quality substrates. Recently, solid SERS substrates with diverse forms have been attracting increasing attention due to their promising features, including dense hot spot, high stability, controllable morphology, and convenient portability. Here, we comprehensively review the recent advances made in the f

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24

Lamort, Anne-Sophie, Rodolphe Gravier, Anni Laffitte, Luiz Juliano, Marie-Louise Zani, and Thierry Moreau. "New insights into the substrate specificity of macrophage elastase MMP-12." Biological Chemistry 397, no. 5 (2016): 469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2015-0254.

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Abstract Macrophage elastase, or MMP-12, is mainly produced by alveolar macrophages and is believed to play a major role in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The catalytic domain of MMP-12 is unique among MMPs in that it is very highly active on numerous substrates including elastin. However, measuring MMP-12 activity in biological fluids has been hampered by the lack of highly selective substrates. We therefore synthesized four series of fluorogenic peptide substrates based on the sequences of MMP-12 cleavage sites in its known substrates. Human MMP-12 efficient

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25

Oliveira Junior, Antônio Alves de, Ricardo Carmona, Helenice Moura Gonçalves, et al. "Chemical composition of substrates on the rooting vigor of Caryocar brasiliense air layering." CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 17, no. 5 (2024): e2880. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/revconv.17n.5-020.

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The definition of vegetative propagation protocols is important for the production of Caryocar brasiliense Cambess plants, for the formation of commercial orchards. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the substrate’s chemical characteristics influence on Caryocar brasiliense air layering. For this, a randomized block experiment with five substrates was carried out in eight plants. The following substrates were evaluated: Bioplant® commercial substrate; coconut fiber; a mixture of Bioplant® and coconut fiber in (1:1; 1:3; 3:1) proportions. After 150 days, the air layers were

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26

Chen, Xiaobo, Jiayue Chen, Bing Yan, et al. "Structural basis for the broad substrate specificity of two acyl-CoA dehydrogenases FadE5 from mycobacteria." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 28 (2020): 16324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002835117.

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FadE, an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, introduces unsaturation to carbon chains in lipid metabolism pathways. Here, we report that FadE5 fromMycobacterium tuberculosis(MtbFadE5) andMycobacterium smegmatis(MsFadE5) play roles in drug resistance and exhibit broad specificity for linear acyl-CoA substrates but have a preference for those with long carbon chains. Here, the structures ofMsFadE5 andMtbFadE5, in the presence and absence of substrates, have been determined. These reveal the molecular basis for the broad substrate specificity of these enzymes. FadE5 interacts with the CoA region of the subst

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27

Wu, Junmei, Dong Xu, Feng He, Jie He, and Zhenbin Wu. "Comprehensive evaluation of substrates in vertical-flow constructed wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment." Water Practice and Technology 10, no. 3 (2015): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2015.077.

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Substrates are the important component of constructed wetlands (CWs), which have an effect on construction cost, purification capability and stable operation, so that substrate optimization is the key part of CWs design. The comprehensive evaluation system, including four layers, eleven indicators and nine schemes, for substrates in vertical-flow CWs treating domestic wastewater was established based on analytic hierarchy process. Then combined with Delphi method and fuzzy synthetic evaluation approach, zeolite, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter material, gravel, steel slag, bio-c

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28

Ye, Li, Mortimer, et al. "Substrate Preference Determines Macrofungal Biogeography in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region." Forests 10, no. 10 (2019): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100824.

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The availability and the quality of substrates are important drivers of macrofungal biogeography, and thus macrofungal species occurrence is potentially dependent on the availability of different substrates. However, few studies have explored the properties of macrofungal substrates and assessed the relationship between macrofungal diversity and substrate diversity at a landscape level. To address this issue, we conducted a landscape-scale survey of basidiocarp substrates in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). A total of 957 macrofungal species distributed across 73 families and 189 genera wer

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29

Feng, Haochen, Ziwen Cheng, Dongxu Long, Tingting Yang, Zhibin Lu, and Qichang He. "How Do Substrates Affect the Friction on Graphene at the Nanoscale?" Lubricants 11, no. 11 (2023): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11110465.

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Substrates supporting two-dimensional materials are omnipresent in micro/nano electromechanical systems. Moreover, substrates are indispensable to all nanotribological experimental systems. However, substrates have rarely been taken into account in first-principles simulations of nanotribological systems. In this work, we investigate the effects of substrates on nanofriction by carrying out first-principles simulations of two systems: (a) one graphene monolayer sliding on another one supported by a metal substrate, denoted as the Gr-Gr/Metal system; and (b) a diatomic tip sliding on a graphene

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Le, Thi Quynh Xuan, Thanh Binh Pham, Van Chuc Nguyen, Minh Thu Nguyen, Thu Loan Nguyen, and Nguyen Thuan Dao. "A Novel Method for Rapid and High-Performance SERS Substrate Fabrication by Combination of Cold Plasma and Laser Treatment." Nanomaterials 14, no. 21 (2024): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14211689.

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In this paper, we report a simple yet efficient method for rapid and high-performance SERS substrate fabrication by a combination of cold plasma and laser treatment. Our analysis reveals that cold plasma pre-treatment significantly reduced surface roughness, transforming 200 nm spikes into an almost perfectly uniform surface, while enhancing the substrate’s surface energy by lowering the water contact angle from 59° to 0°, all achieved within just 30 s of 0.9-mW plasma treatment, while 15-min green-laser treatment facilitated more uniform deposition of AuNPs across the entire treated area, eff

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Ramli, J., D. N. Awang Sh’ri, N. A. Alang, Yusof Nor Imrah, and M. M. Mahat. "Effects of Surface Pretreatment to the Properties of Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃) Cutting Tool Coated Amorphous Graphite." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.369.

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Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) and sand blasting have been incorporated together with chemical surface pretreatment (HF) for the surface pretreatment of the Al2O3 cutting tool. Amorphous graphite was deposited on the substrates by using PVD technique. Morphological observation by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), surface roughness and topography of the substrate by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was done in order to investigate the effect of surface pretreatment on the substrates. Critical load required in scratching the substrate’s surface after coating by different surface pretreatment was ev

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Yio, Marcus H. N., Virginia Stovin, Jörg Werdin, and Gianni Vesuviano. "Experimental analysis of green roof substrate detention characteristics." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 7 (2013): 1477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.381.

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Green roofs may make an important contribution to urban stormwater management. Rainfall-runoff models are required to evaluate green roof responses to specific rainfall inputs. The roof's hydrological response is a function of its configuration, with the substrate – or growing media – providing both retention and detention of rainfall. The objective of the research described here is to quantify the detention effects due to green roof substrates, and to propose a suitable hydrological modelling approach. Laboratory results from experimental detention tests on green roof substrates are presented

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Kaniszewski, Stanisław, Jacek Dyśko, Waldemar Kowalczyk, Jan Wojtysiak, Zbigniew Wrocławski, and Katarzyna Dziedziczak. "Effect of Nitration of Organic Materials on Nitrogen Availability and Yield of Tomato in Soilless Culture." Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin 72, no. 1 (2010): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10032-010-0007-x.

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Effect of Nitration of Organic Materials on Nitrogen Availability and Yield of Tomato in Soilless CultureIn the cultivation of horticultural plants in greenhouses the most commonly used substrate is rockwool, while organic substrates are used in an unprocessed state. Cultivation in organic substrates, after they have been suitably processed, also makes it possible to obtain high yields at levels similar to those in rockwool cultures. Fibrous organic substrates, due to the wide C:N ratio, are characterized by high biological sorption towards nitrogen, causing N deficiency during the initial per

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Tsujimoto, A., WW Barkmeier, T. Takamizawa, TM Wilwerding, MA Latta, and M. Miyazaki. "Interfacial Characteristics and Bond Durability of Universal Adhesive to Various Substrates." Operative Dentistry 42, no. 2 (2017): E59—E70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/15-353-l.

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SUMMARY Objective: This study investigated the interfacial characteristics and bond durability of universal adhesives to various substrates. Methods and Materials: Two universal adhesives were used: 1) Scotchbond Universal and 2) G-Premio Bond. The substrates used were bovine enamel and dentin with or without phosphoric acid etching, resin composite, lithium disilicate and leucite-reinforced glass ceramics, zirconia, and metal alloys. The surface free energy and the parameters of various substrates and of substrates treated by adhesive after light irradiation were determined by measuring the c

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Martins da Silva Pereira, Claudete, Luiz Fernando De Sousa Antunes, Adriana Maria De Aquino, and Marco Antonio De Almeida Leal. "SUBSTRATO À BASE DE ESTERCO DE COELHO NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE ALFACE." Nativa 8, no. 1 (2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v8i1.8018.

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O uso de esterco de coelho pode contribuir para suprir a crescente demanda por substratos destinados à produção de mudas de hortaliças. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a utilização de esterco de coelho como substrato para produção de mudas de alface, após ser submetido a três diferentes processos de estabilização: vermicompostagem, processamento por meio de larvas de Cetoniinae e compostagem natural. Inicialmente foi realizada uma minuciosa caracterização dos substratos avaliados, determinando-se os teores totais, os teores disponíveis e a proporção da fração disponível de N, Ca, Mg, P

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Boene, Horácia Celina Armando Mula, Antonio Carlos Nogueira, Nilton José Sousa, Dagma Kratz, and Paulo Vitor Dutra de Souza. "EFEITOS DE DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Sebastiania commersoniana." FLORESTA 43, no. 3 (2013): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v43i3.25789.

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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade técnica da utilização de diferentes substratos para a produção de mudas de Sebastiania commersoniana e relacionar suas características físicas e químicas com a qualidade das mudas produzidas. Para tanto, foram formulados 22 substratos, os quais tiveram suas propriedades físicas e químicas avaliadas, sendo a semeadura realizada em tubetes de 120 cm³, acondicionados em casa de sombra, com irrigação controlada. Para a análise dos resultados, foram feitas avaliações de altura, diâmetro de colo, biomassa seca aérea e radicial, facilidade de

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SONG, JIANGNING, HAO TAN, SARAH E. BOYD, et al. "BIOINFORMATIC APPROACHES FOR PREDICTING SUBSTRATES OF PROTEASES." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 09, no. 01 (2011): 149–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720011005288.

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Proteases have central roles in "life and death" processes due to their important ability to catalytically hydrolyze protein substrates, usually altering the function and/or activity of the target in the process. Knowledge of the substrate specificity of a protease should, in theory, dramatically improve the ability to predict target protein substrates. However, experimental identification and characterization of protease substrates is often difficult and time-consuming. Thus solving the "substrate identification" problem is fundamental to both understanding protease biology and the developmen

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Boey, F. Y. C., A. I. Y. Tok, Y. Long, and H. Y. Yeong. "Properties of Porous AlN Multilayered Ceramic Sandwich Substrates." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 5 (2002): 1061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0157.

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The development of denser and higher powered integrated circuits has led to a corresponding demand on the performance of dielectric substrates. This paper reports on the fabrication and properties of an AlN multilayered sandwich substrate comprising porous tape-cast layers sandwiched between nonporous layers. Tapes were produced by nonaqueous tape casting, with the porous tapes produced using polymer microspheres as sacrificial molds. Starting from initially Al2O3-rich tapes, the multilayered sandwich substrates were reaction sintered to produce AlN substrates. No interface cracking or delamin

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Cavalcante, Lourival Ferreira, Geocleber Gomes de Sousa, Saulo Cabral Gondim, Fernando Luiz Figueiredo, Ícaro Herbert Lucena Cavalcante, and Adriana Araújo Diniz. "CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO MANEJADO EM DOIS SUBSTRASTOS IRRIGADOS COM ÁGUA SALINA." IRRIGA 14, no. 4 (2018): 504–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2009v14n4p504-517.

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CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO MANEJADO EM DOIS SUBSTRASTOS IRRIGADOS COM ÁGUA SALINA Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante1; Geocleber Gomes de Sousa2; Saulo Cabral Gondim3; Fernando Luiz Figueiredo1; Ítalo Herbert Lucena Cavalcante4; Adriana Araujo Diniz51Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB, lofeca@cca.ufpb.br 2Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Ceará, Fortaleza, CE3Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PBUniversidade Federal do P

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Kratz, Dagma, and Ivar Wendling. "PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Eucalyptus dunnii EM SUBSTRATOS RENOVÁVEIS." FLORESTA 43, no. 1 (2013): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v43i1.25989.

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A necessidade premente de aumento no número de mudas plantadas anualmente e a variabilidade de matérias-primas tradicionais para composição de substratos têm levado à necessidade de desenvolvimento de estudos que visem à avaliação da viabilidade técnica e econômica desses materiais. Com base nisso, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a viabilidade técnica da utilização de vermiculita média (VM) e dos componentes renováveis à base de fibra de coco (FC), casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC) em diferentes granulometrias e dois substratos comerciais compostos por casca de pínus semidecomposta (SC) na

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Sikka, K. K., T. S. Fisher, and K. E. Torrance. "Thermal Analysis and Optimization of Substrates With Directionally Enhanced Conductivities." Journal of Electronic Packaging 119, no. 1 (1997): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2792202.

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An approximate analytical solution for the thermal resistance of the axisymmetric chip-on-substrate problem is presented for a substrate with a direction dependent (orthotropic) thermal conductivity. The substrate may be convectively cooled on either, or both, of its planar surfaces. The solution reveals substrate geometries with low maximum substrate temperatures. These optimal substrate sizes are mapped for Biot numbers typical of microelectronic applications. The effects of varying the radial and axial substrate conductivities are investigated. In general, radial conductivity enhancement is

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Kontaxakis, Emmanouil, Dimitrios Papadimitriou, Ioannis Daliakopoulos, Ioannis Sabathianakis, Andriana Stavropoulou, and Thrassyvoulos Manios. "Water Availability in Pumice, Coir, and Perlite Substrates Regulates Grapevine Growth and Grape Physicochemical Characteristics in Soilless Cultivation of Sugraone and Prime Cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)." Agriculture 13, no. 9 (2023): 1690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091690.

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Table grape production in soilless cultivation under a controlled environment is a promising solution that addresses many of the challenges of grapevine cultivation, such as factors affecting the quantity and quality of table grape production, cultivation cost, pest management, soil degradation, soil-borne diseases, and adaptation to climate change. However, due to limited knowledge, investigation of many factors is required to effectively implement soilless cultivation, among which are the substrate’s physical-hydraulic properties and suitability for grape production. In this context, we inve

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Witcher, Anthony L., Eugene K. Blythe, Glenn B. Fain, and Kenneth J. Curry. "Stem Cutting Propagation in Whole Pine Tree Substrates." HortTechnology 24, no. 1 (2014): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.1.30.

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Wood-based substrates have been extensively evaluated for greenhouse and nursery crop production, yet these substrates have not been evaluated for propagation. The objective of this study was to evaluate processed whole loblolly pine trees (WPT) (Pinus taeda) as a rooting substrate for stem cutting propagation of a range of ornamental crops. Substrates included processed WPT, pine (Pinus sp.) bark (PB), and each mixed with equal parts (by volume) peatmoss (PM) (WPT:PM and PB:PM, respectively). Substrate physical (air space, container capacity, total porosity, bulk density, and particle size di

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Riley, E. D., H. T. Kraus, T. E. Bilderback, and B. E. Jackson. "Composted Cotton Stalks and Cotton Gin Trash Substrate Amendments and Irrigation/Ground Cover Management I. Effect on Physical and Chemical Properties of Pine Bark and Pine Tree Substrates." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 32, no. 3 (2014): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898.32.3.133.

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This project evaluated two cotton waste products (cotton stalks and cotton gin trash) as amendments to pine bark (PB) and pine tree (PT) substrates for their impact on substrate physical and chemical properties. PB or PT substrates were amended (v/v) with cotton stalks composted with a N source (CSN), cotton stalks composted without an N source (CS), or aged cotton gin trash (CGT) at 4:1 PB:CS (PB:CS), 4:1 PB:CSN (PB:CSN), 9:1 PB:CGT (PB:CGT), 1:1 PT:CS (PT:CS), 1:1 PT:CSN (PT:CSN) and 4:1 PT:CGT (PT:CGT) (by vol). In 2010, PB-amended substrates had larger percentages of coarse (&gt; 2.0 m

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Dyśko, Jacek, Magdalena Szczech, Stanisław Kaniszewski, and Waldemar Kowalczyk. "Parameters of Drainage Waters Collected during Soilless Tomato Cultivation in Mineral and Organic Substrates." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (2020): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10122009.

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The aim was to determine the suitability of various substrates for application in a closed system of soilless tomato cultivation, based on the potential fitness of drainage waters from these substrates for recirculation. Four substrates were used: rockwool, coir substrate, lignite substrate (Carbomat) and biodegradable organic substrate (Biopot). Tomato plants grown in these substrates were fertilized with the same amount of nutrient solution, containing the same concentration of nutrients. The characteristics of drainage water from these substrates were analyzed during cultivation. The highes

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Gaul, Stephen B., and Michael R. Evans. "005 Coir Inhibition of Soil-borne Fungal Pathogens was Not Due to Physical Properties or Biological Agents." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 388D—388. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.388d.

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Seedlings of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don `Pacifica Red' were transplanted into substrates composed of either 80% sphagnum peat or coir with the remaining volume being perlite, sand, or vermiculite. The six substrates were inoculated with Pythium irregulare Buisman at 0 or 50,000 oospores per 10-cm container. The containers were irrigated daily to maintain moisture levels near container capacity. No visually apparent symptoms of infection or significant differences in shoot and root fresh and dry weights were observed among the uninoculated substrates and the inoculated coir substrates. Ino

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Jiang, Nan, Weina Zou, Yi Lu, Ziman Liao, and Lianglong Wu. "Using Recycled Construction Waste Materials with Varying Components and Particle Sizes for Extensive Green Roof Substrates: Assessment of Its Effects on Vegetation Development." Sustainability 16, no. 1 (2024): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16010414.

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Using construction waste materials as substrates can reduce the resource consumption of minerals and provide sustainability benefits in green roofs. This research examined the viability of crushed bricks and crushed concrete with varying particle sizes as substrates by conducting a simulated drought experiment and roof experiment. Six composite substrates were prepared, respectively, by mixing peat with small-, medium-, and large-sized crushed bricks and crushed concrete particles (peat-to-inorganic-particle volume ratio of 1:2). The properties of each group were within acceptable parameters,

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Mia Rosita, Ayu, and Gatut Yudhoyono. "Analyze photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using TiO₂ deposited onto conductive and non-conductive substrates under UV-C light." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2780, no. 1 (2024): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2780/1/012038.

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Abstract Degradation of methylene blue has been extensively studied by using TiO2 thin film as photocatalyst deposited onto non-conductive substrates. In this research, we proposed to utilize TiO2 thin film deposited onto conductive substrate, i.e., PCB. We compared concentration degradation between TiO2 thin film deposited onto conductive and non-conductive substrates. In this study, a photocatalysis process was carried out to decompose methylene blue pollutants. This research aims to obtain the performance of TiO2 photocatalyst coated with spray coating method on conductive and non-conductiv

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Ebersberger, L., and G. Fischerauer. "Influence of the substrate on the overall sensor impedance of planar H<sub>2</sub> sensors involving TiO<sub>2</sub>–SnO<sub>2</sub> interfaces." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 4, no. 1 (2015): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-85-2015.

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Abstract. To date, very little has been written about the influence of the substrate layer on the overall sensor impedance of single- and multilayer planar sensors (e.g., metal-oxide sensors). However, the substrate is an elementary part of the sensor element. Through the selection of a substrate, the sensor performance can be manipulated. The current contribution reports on the substrate influence in multilayer metal-oxide chemical sensors. Measurements of the impedance are used to discuss the sensor performance with quartz substrates, (laboratory) glass substrates and substrates covered by s

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Lokollo, Frijona F., and Ronald D. Hukubun. "JENIS ALGA COKLAT PENGHASIL ALGINAT DI PULAU AMBON." Jurnal Laut Pulau: Hasil Penelitian Kelautan 1, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jlpvol1iss1pp1-10.

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Brown algae contains alginate is a hydrocolloid compound. This study aims to determine the types of brown algae as alginate producers in the coastal waters of Ambon island, Tial and Liang villages, Central Maluku. This research was conducted in April 2021. Sampling is carried out by means of free collection at low tide, at the time of sampling it is visually observed the condition of the substrate on which brown algae. Liang village beach as a whole has a variety of substrates of rocky, rocky sand, sand mixed with dead coral. However, in the sampling area, it was found that the dominant substr

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