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Статті в журналах з теми "Summer thermal comfort":
1
Hughes, Caroline, and Sukumar Natarajan. "Summer thermal comfort and overheating in the elderly." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 426–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419844518.
Анотація:
Atypically warm summers such as 2003 and 2018 are predicted to become normal by 2050. If current climate projections are accurate, this could cause heat-related mortality to rise by 257% by 2050, the majority of which will be in vulnerable groups such as the elderly. However, little is known about the temperatures achieved in the homes of the elderly even in typical summers, and even less on whether these are comfortable. This study examines, for the first time, the validity of current thermal comfort models in predicting summer comfort levels in the 65+ demographic over a typical and an atypically warm summer. This was achieved through the first longitudinal study of thermal conditions in homes of the elderly in the South West UK, utilising repeated standardised monthly thermal comfort and health surveys with continuous temperature monitoring in both living and bed rooms. Results show that neither the PMV/PPD model (ISO 7730) nor the adaptive model (ISO 15251) accurately predict true thermal comfort in our sample. Overheating analysis using CIBSE TM59 (based on ISO 15251) suggests significantly more homes (50% living room, 94% bed room = 94% overall) overheated during the atypically warm summer, compared to the typical summer (3% living room, 57% bed room = 57% overall). These are worrying results, especially for the elderly, given the projected increases in both the severity and the frequency of extreme summers in a future, changed, climate. Practical application: This paper provides new data on the performance of the homes of the elderly in both a typical and atypically warm summer. Our results could be considered for building performance evaluation in homes with elderly occupants to mitigate overheating risk. Crucially, we not only examine the impact of CIBSE criteria on these homes but also look at thermal acceptance, which is important to understand the true impact of elevated temperatures in this demographic.
2
den Ouden, Cees. "Thermal analysis for summer comfort in buildings." Solar Energy 60, no. 1 (January 1997): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(97)84698-1.
3
Zhang, Lili, Dong Wei, Yuyao Hou, Junfei Du, Zu’an Liu, Guomin Zhang, and Long Shi. "Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Urban Park—A Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051961.
Анотація:
Urban parks are an important component of urban public green space and a public place where a large number of urban residents choose to conduct outdoor activities. An important factor attracting people to visit and stay in urban parks is its outdoor thermal comfort, which is also an important criterion for evaluating the liability of the urban environment. In this study, through field meteorological monitoring and a questionnaire survey, outdoor thermal comfort of different types of landscape space in urban parks in Chengdu, China was studied in winter and summer. Result indicated that (1) different types of landscape spaces have different thermal comforts, (2) air temperature is the most important factor affecting outdoor thermal comfort; (3) because the thermal sensation judgment of outdoor thermal comfort research in Chengdu area, an ASHRAE seven-sites scale can be used; (4) the neutral temperature ranges of Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) in Chengdu in winter and summer were obtained through research; (5) and UTCI is the best index for evaluating outdoor thermal comfort in Chengdu. These findings provide theoretical benchmarks and technical references for urban planners and landscape designers to optimize outdoor thermal comfort in urban areas to establish a more comfortable and healthy living environment for urban residents.
4
Mayer, Helmut, Jutta Holst, Paul Dostal, Florian Imbery, and Dirk Schindler. "Human thermal comfort in summer within an urban street canyon in Central Europe." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 17, no. 3 (June 23, 2008): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2008/0285.
5
Berger, X. "Human thermal comfort at Nı̂mes in summer heat." Energy and Buildings 33, no. 3 (February 2001): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7788(00)00093-1.
6
Kong, Qinqin, Jingyun Zheng, Hayley J. Fowler, Quansheng Ge, and Jianchao Xi. "Climate change and summer thermal comfort in China." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 137, no. 1-2 (October 6, 2018): 1077–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-018-2648-5.
7
Huang, Xianfeng, and Chen Qu. "Research on Indoor Thermal Comfort and Age of Air in Qilou Street Shop under Mechanical Ventilation Scheme: A Case Study of Nanning Traditional Block in Southern China." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 4037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13074037.
Анотація:
In hot summers, air conditioning (AC) and mechanical ventilation (such as fans) are used as cooling modes that strongly influence the resultant indoor environment, like thermal comfort and air quality in the shops of a Nanning arcade street (qilou). The air circulation mode in shops greatly affects the indoor thermal environment and level of air freshness. The approaches for effectively improving the indoor thermal comfort and air quality are developed in qilou street shops with air-conditioner in a humid and hot region in southern China. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to assess different ventilation schemes in order to identify the best one. By using two indices, i.e., the predicted mean vote (PMV) and the age of air (AoA), in situ measurement and numerical simulation are conducted to investigate humans’ thermal comfort in extreme summer. Then, the indoor thermal comfort and AoA levels in summer under three different ventilation schemes (upper-inlet–upper-outlet, upper-inlet–bottom-outlet, and side-inlet–side-outlet) are comparatively analyzed through numerical computations of the indoor thermal environment. The results show that the upper-inlet–upper-outlet mode of the AC ventilation scheme led to the creation of a favorable air quality and comfortable thermal environment inside the shop, which will help designers understand the influence of the ventilation scheme on the indoor thermal comfort and health environment.
8
Lau, Kevin Ka-Lun, and Chun Yin Choi. "The influence of perceived environmental quality on thermal comfort in an outdoor urban environment during hot summer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012047.
Анотація:
Abstract Thermal comfort in outdoor spaces is essential for human health and human wellbeing. A comfortable outdoor space enhances urban livability and sustainability. Previous studies on outdoor human thermal comfort highlighted that apart from the microclimate conditions, the psychological and physiological factors play an important role in human thermal comfort. The influence of environmental quality on human thermal comfort is being examined in this paper. A survey with a total of 1842 thermal comfort responses was conducted during a hot summer in Hong Kong. Perceived aesthetic and acoustic quality votes are strongly associated with Thermal Sensation Votes (TSV). Thermal Comfort Votes (TCV) in the satisfied aesthetic group and the satisfied acoustic group are significantly higher than that in the not satisfied group. A sensation of comfort was confirmed by 39.8% and 38.4% of participants in the satisfied aesthetic group and the satisfied acoustic group, while only 22.2% and 23.9% of the members of the not satisfied group felt comfortable. The study suggested that the perceived environmental qualities are highly associated with thermal sensation and thermal comfort, and a beautiful and quiet environment can improve the thermal comfort and thermal tolerance.
9
Fan, Qindong, Fengtian Du, Hu Li, and Chenming Zhang. "Thermal-comfort evaluation of and plan for public space of Maling Village, Henan, China." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): e0256439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256439.
Анотація:
The thermal environment of village public space affects the comfort of people ’ s outdoor activities, and then affects the willingness of residents to outdoor activities, which has an important impact on the villagers’ quality of life. Previously published studies of thermal comfort mostly focused on the evaluation of thermal comfort index, few studies on the application of thermal comfort planning. The study was carried out in Maling Village, Changdai Town, Mengjin County, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China. Square, street, green space were chosen as three typical public spaces where thermal comfort indexes were measured by questionnaire survey and field measurement during summer. Subsequently, the village’s microclimate environment was simulated with ArcGIS 10.6 and ENVI-met. The results indicate that during the summer, the influences of temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, and relative humidity on the subjective comfort conditions of the outdoor environment gradually decreased. The spatial form of village has an important influence on thermal comfort. Finally, based on the results, this study put forward the thermal comfort process and planning scheme of the village outdoor space.
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Wu, Shi Jie, and Zeng Feng Yan. "Indoor Thermal Environment Simulation of Xi'an Residential Building in Summer." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2882–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2882.
Анотація:
Natural ventilation is an important role to improve the residential building indoor thermal environment in summer. This paper use Energy Plus to simulate indoor thermal environment and use CFD to simulate indoor air flow for Xi’an residential building, analysis the influence that different ventilation mode for indoor thermal environment factors. Then with the simulated result of PMV-PPD value to estimate indoor thermal comfort. Proved night ventilation is necessary in residential building in Xi’an and effectiveness to improve indoor thermal comfort.
Дисертації з теми "Summer thermal comfort":
1
Xie, Tian. "Multi-zone modeling of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption of a hospital ward : a summer case study." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7160.
Анотація:
Hospital is of interest when consider its especial function. Because of the obviously different between the normal residential buildings, the requirement of hospitals’ indoor climate strictly differs from other buildings. The author starts this report by briefly stating the building construction currently. Surrounded the topic of thermal comfort and energy consumption, many suggestion and options came out in this report to develop a better condition. Firstly, the introduction of the hospital buildings requires the background of the hospital object and the purpose to this report will be stated. Secondly, the simulation tool and how to use this tool simulate our real case are introduced. Then, the summer case is investigated by this tool after the model is proved to be validated. Finally, the improvement of establishing a better indoor environment is raised and the results of improvement and conclusion can be found. The final result will show the optimal solution that discovered by this study after compared different alternatives carefully.
2
Chen, Rongweixin. "Adaptive thermal comfort and its application in mixed mode buildings : the case of a hot-summer and cold-winter climate in China." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285426.
Анотація:
It is widely recognised that one's ability of adaptation is remarkable and thermal comfort is significantly related to such adaptations. This study proposes an alternative method of predicting adaptive thermal comfort based on the availability of adaptations, in particular behavioural adaptations, which needs quantifications of individual adaptation processes and of interactions between them. The fundamental argument of this method is that exercising an adaptive behaviour leads to an increase in comfort temperature, which is termed adaptive increment in this study. Apart from adaptive increments, this method also determines a baseline thermal comfort temperature (the thermal comfort temperature without adaptations) and a correction factor that considers the factors affecting adaptive behaviours, based on which, the highest operative temperature at which people may still feel thermally comfortable. This may be applied in mixed mode (MM) buildings to achieve a higher air-conditioning (AC) setpoint which may lead to a significant reduction in cooling energy. This method is believed to be flexible in dealing with different environments with various levels of adaptations and likely to be advantageous over the steady-state and adaptive models in predicting thermal comfort temperature of an environment with abundant adaptive opportunities. This study also evaluates ways of promoting the use of adaptive opportunities. It explores how adaptive thermal comfort theories may be used for behaviour modelling and in turn be applied to enhance the energy performances and comfort levels of real buildings. To improve the feasibility of this method key effective adaptive behaviours are studied in detail through lab experiments and field studies. The lab experiment has found the adaptive increment of taking cold water to be 1.5°C which is more significant than the previous literature suggests. When all the studied adaptive behaviours are exercised, the overall adaptive increment is as high as 4.7°C. However, the research has identified some issues associated with the adaptive opportunities studied. These include the existence of constraints on the use of adaptive behaviours, the low availability of some effective adaptive opportunities, the low operation frequency of desk fans and the misuse of windows and AC systems. Despite this, the availability of more adaptive opportunities has been verified to be capable of increasing the highest operative temperature at which people may still feel thermally comfortable: the lab experiment shows that over 80% of the participants can still find it thermally comfortable at an operative temperature of 30°C on the condition that adequate adaptive opportunities are provided; the field study shows that the thermal comfort temperature of occupants increases by at least 1°C when desk fans and cool mats are available. Based on these analyses, it proposes an MM system which encourages occupants to exercise adaptive opportunities and improves both comfort levels and energy efficiency. Building performance simulation results show that the proposed MM system is effective in reducing the reliance on AC systems and promotes effective uses of windows and AC systems. By applying the MM system and the associated passive energy-saving strategies, an office can cut cooling energy by about 90% and the peak cooling load by over 80% during transitional seasons.
3
Ealiwa, Mansour Ali. "Designing for thermal comfort in a naturally ventilated and air conditioned buildings in summer season of Ghadames, Libya." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4758.
Анотація:
The outdoor climate of an area has a significant impact on housing and urban fabric as a whole, and the more extreme a climate, the more necessary it becomes to respond to it. Thus the climate should be regarded as a significant modifier of the built environment; thermal discomfort within building environments is a prevalent and significant issue throughout the developed and developing countries. There is considerable disagreement in the research community concerning whether comfort standards developed in the climate of North America and Europe are appropriate for use in other countries with more extreme climatic conditions. This research focuses on designing for the conditions of thermal comfort in hot dry climate regions. The research reports field surveys in both naturally ventilated (NV) buildings and air-conditioned (AC) buildings in summer season, with reference to Ghadames in Libya. This involves objective measurements and subjective questionnaire study with a view to testing the validity of the established thermal comfort models: Fanger's PMV model and the Adaptive model. It reviews the results from the field survey within those two types of buildings in the summer seasons of 1997 and 1998, which experiences the hot-dry climate of North Africa. It shows how the residents responded to the environmental conditions, social needs, and architectural character such as building design and thermal mass. The method of study and analysis are critically described. The subjective data was collected and tabulated by using questionnaires, which have been widely used and shown to be effective, to determine people's votes through scales modified especially for this purpose. Questionnaires were collected from households of 60 buildings: 30 old NV buildings and 30 new AC buildings involving a total of 270 participants from both types of buildings. The questionnaires compare the significance of the thermal sensation, the thermal comfort, and the preference scales of each type of building. The objective survey consisted of 19 observations of empirical data (in the 9 old NV buildings, and in the 10 AC new buildings) to validate the performance of the current thermal comfort indices. The results show that the PMV model is not valid, unless modified, for predicting the thermal comfort in old buildings, in Ghadames oasis, Libya. Thus a modification is proposed. However, the results from modem air-conditioned buildings have shown that there is good agreement between Fanger's model and the actual mean vote (AMV) values reported by the occupants in these buildings. The results from the present study show also that the neutral temperatures in old and new buildings are 31.6°C and 29.4°C respectively. The adaptive model, which is developed by Auliciems (1983), is shown to be valid, without modification, for predicting the thermal comfort of sedentary occupants in such environments. The results indicate that the construction of residential dwellings using traditional methods is more conducive to the climatic conditions of hot-dry climates and suitable for the cultural requirements and life style of the occupants. Human thermal comfort was assessed using the adaptive model, to show that the climate and personal behaviour have a significant impact on human comfort perception and building design.
4
Wang, Xi. "An investigation of the adaptive thermal comfort research for residential buildings in China 'hot summer and cold winter' zone." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5820/.
Анотація:
China's residential market has been booming since the time of the early twenty-first century, with an industrial structural transformation from quantitative to qualitative development. China's climate variability creates a unique relationship between occupancy and building environment, requiring thermal environmental comfort research and energy efficiency residential building context. The aim of this research is to improve low-energy apartment standards in China using multidisciplinary interactive research directly focused on actual occupants' thermal comfort under the regional climatic conditions and applying adaptive thermal comfort theory. This PhD research is based on field study of a questionnaire survey and on-site measurement. The actual building environment assessment presents the research gap of adaptive coefficient between rational thermal approach and adaptive thermal approach. The heat-balance approach of Fanger's 'Predicted Mean Vote' (PMV) comfort model is usually incorporated into the 'Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied' (PPD) model. The adaptive approach of 'adaptive Predicted Mean Vote' (aPMV) model is based on Yao's research, taking into account factors such as psychological and behavioral adaptations. There are three main conclusion sections in this thesis, including regional adaptive thermal comfort research, occupants' subjective adaptive preference and parametric study of building design in the 'Hot Summer and Cold Winter' (HSCW) zone. Six conclusion points are extended: (1) According to the questionnaire-based survey, overcooling causes serious concern for thermal comfort in cold winters in the HSCW zone, which is similar to the overheating potential of the worst energy consumption impact during hot summers in residential buildings. (2) The specific adaptive coefficient is necessary for obtaining regional adaptive thermal comfort temperature ranges with neutral indoor air temperatures assessment. (3) The occupants' personal characteristics and social backgrounds; the statistical analysis suggested that a person's age, gender, education level and building layout environment strongly relate to the control of indoor acceptable air temperature, and the margin limit of thermal comfort also has a strong relationship with the weather data of monthly outdoor air temperatures. (4) Adaptive thermal environment control have increased energy usage compared to energy efficiency control, but is lower than current healthy housing standards of energy consumption. (5) The question of decreasing the building shape coefficient does not has a decisive effect for energy conservation, and the building performance of energy consumption per unit indoor floor area has a significant impact on energy savings. (6) The parametric analyses also suggested that the subjective nature of people participating has a great influence on the relationship between objective building design and building performance results.
5
Hasan, Md Mahmudul. "Thermal comfort conditions and perception by staff and patients in a Swedish health care center : A measurement and survey field study for summer conditions." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för byggnadsteknik, energisystem och miljövetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-34161.
Анотація:
A challenging aspect of modern global development is to provide desired thermal environment for building occupants with optimum consideration of energy and occupants health and satisfaction, both physically and psychologically. The variation of activity level, health condition, needs, clothing habit and staying time of different categories of occupants in hospitals makes it critical where comfort level should be optimized. Now-a-days, tremendous changing on climate makes even more challenging to maintain optimum level of indoor thermal environment at low energy cost. Thermal comfort can be assessed by the well-established PMV- PPD model, and studies on the correlation with AMV ratings from the occupants can help to understand the exact scenario of the thermal comfort. Therefore, this research aims to estimate the thermal comfort level of healthcare occupants, compare PMV-PPD values with AMV for different categories of occupants, and analyze optimum operative temperature for energy savings. A combination of objective measurements and a field study with a semi-structured interview on comfort perception, following ISO-7726, 7730, 8996, 9920, 10551 and ASHARE- 55 regulations, were conducted, where a total number of 56 occupants, including 35 patients, 5 visitors and 16 medical staffs were participated from a health care center of a hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. The data was collected during the summertime. Based on studied thermal environment, both PMV (-1.59 to 1.01) and AMV range (-2 to 1) considering gender, indicated health care center of studied hospital toward slightly cold, where occupants wanted warmer indoor environment. Patients more than 60 years were most sensitive on thermal comfort and overall patients were more sensitive for warm indoor climate than medical staff due to health condition and age. But male respondents were less sensitive than female. PMV and AMV with optimum operative temperature provides the clear idea about optimum thermal environment for the hospitals occupant. Identifying an optimum thermal environment could be a sustainable solution if and only if energy can be reduced.
6
Liu, Chunde. "Creation of hot summer years and evaluation of overheating risk at a high spatial resolution under a changing climate." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.725405.
Анотація:
It is believed that the extremely hot European summer in 2003, where tens of thousands died in buildings, will become the norm by the 2040s, and hence there is the urgent need to accurately assess the risk that buildings pose. Thermal simulations based on warmer than typical years will be key to this. Unfortunately, the existing warmer than typical years, such as probabilistic Design Summer Years (pDSYs) are not robust measures due to their simple selection method, and can even be cooler than typical years. This study developed two new summer reference years: one (pHSY-1) is suitable for assessing the occurrence and severity of overheating while the other (pHSY-2) is appropriate for evaluating the thermal stress. Both have been proven to be more robust than the pDSYs. In addition, this study investigated the spatial variation in overheating driven by variability in building characteristics and the local environment. This variation had been ignored by previous studies, as most of them either created thermal models using building archetypes with little or no concern about the influence of local shading, or assumed little variation in climate across a landscape. For the first time, approximately a thousand more accurate thermal models were created for a UK city based on the remote measurement including building characteristics and their local shading. By producing overheating and mortality maps this study found that spatial variation in the risk of overheating was considerably higher due to the variability of vernacular forms, contexts and climates than previously thought, and that the heat-related mortality will be tripled by the 2050s if no building and human thermal adaptations are taken. Such maps would be useful to Governments when making cost-effective adaptation strategies against a warming climate.
7
Cunliffe, Guy Edward. "An analysis of annual environmental conditions and heat gains, and theoretical assessment of approaches to improve summer thermal comfort, of the Energy Research Centre at the University of Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25162.
Анотація:
The Energy Research Centre (ERC), a research centre located at the University of Cape Town (UCT), is considering retrofitting its offices with measures to improve its occupants' thermal comfort, particularly during Cape Town's summer months. While a simple solution would be to install an active cooling system, first consideration should be given to the deployment of preventative cooling measures and retrofits. By these means, the costs of an active cooling system would be reduced, as well as the building's relative increase in energy consumption and indirect greenhouse gas emissions. This dissertation examines internal thermal conditions of the ERC under current building conditions and predicts levels of thermal discomfort likely to be experienced by occupants, with emphasis on Cape Town's summer season. Heat gain components to the ERC are quantified, and a Base Case cooling scenario is determined; this characterises the peak cooling load and active annual cooling energy required to alleviate summer thermal discomfort, if no other interventions are implemented. Thereafter, the impacts of a selection of preventative cooling measures on the Base Case cooling scenario are assessed, and a theoretical payback period for each progressive measure is evaluated, relative to projected installation and operational costs of an active system designed to meet the Base Case. A model of the ERC offices is developed in DesignBuilder, which characterises thermal properties of the building envelope, thermal loads of lighting, electronic equipment and building occupants, and effects of prevailing weather patterns and solar radiation at the site of the building. Physical energy simulations of the model are run in EnergyPlus, which uses a series of algorithms based on the Heat Balance Method to quantify internal psychrometric conditions and heat gains in half-hourly iterations. An EnergyPlus Ideal Loads Air System component is input into the simulation to quantify the active cooling load required to maintain comfortable design conditions. The results indicate that 7 814.5 hours of thermal discomfort are experienced annually across the ERC (divided into eight thermal zones in the DesignBuilder model), with 37.6% of discomfort hours occurring between December and March, and 12.8% in February alone. Notably, a greater proportion of discomfort hours, 38.9%, were predicted for winter months (June through August). However winter thermal discomfort was not addressed in detail here, as the scope of the dissertation was limited to analysing ERC cooling only. Solar gains through external windows were found to be the largest single source of annual heat gain (20.65 MWhth), followed by heat gains due to lighting heat emissions (19.99 MWhth). Profiles during typical summer conditions showed significant heat gain also arises from conduction through the ceiling, due to existing but sporadic and thin layers of fibreglass ceiling insulation, with gaps that allow thermal bridging between the roof space and ERC thermal zones. The Base Case annual cooling requirements were determined to be 27.64 MWhth, while peak cooling load was found to be 66.87 kWth. Sensible cooling dominated total cooling loads in summer months. East and west facing thermal zones required the greatest cooling energy (normalised per floor area), having been shown to experience the greatest normalised solar and lighting heat gains. Inclusion of a 75 mm polyester fibre insulation layer above the ceiling boards would result in a 13.6% decrease in annual discomfort hours, relative to the current building condition, and reduced peak cooling load by 19% relative to the Base Case. Increasing thickness above 75 mm resulted in increased ceiling thermal resistance and further reduced annual discomfort hours. However, the marginal improvements in thermal comfort were found to decrease with increased insulation thickness. A 75 mm thickness of polyester fibre insulation was therefore selected as the first preventative measure to be considered for the ERC, and was included in all further assessment of additional preventative options. Lighting retrofits were also considered, by means of two progressive measures: Delamping – the removal of fluorescent luminaires from overly lit thermal zones – and Relamping – replacement of remaining fluorescents and light fixtures with more energy efficient technology (as well as the Delamping and Insulation measures). Delamping was found, from simulation analysis, to reduce lighting heat gains by 31%, relative to the Base Case and annual cooling requirements by 24%, with total projected costs after 10 years reduced by 15.6% relative to the Base Case. Relamping had a less pronounced impact on cooling requirements, but resulted in 15 % lower lighting energy use compared to Delamping only. The final measure considered was a Shading measure, whereby the replacement of the existing solar window film, currently fitted to each of the ERC's external windows, with internal adjustable shading. The Shading retrofit (in addition to all previous preventative measures) was found to cause a 35% reduction in annual cooling energy relative to the Base Case, as well as a 7% relative to the Relamping scenario. However, cost evaluation showed that costs of implementing the Shading retrofit significantly outweighed net incremental annual savings achieved under the measure, and was thus not recommended as a preventative option for the ERC. Alternative shading options, such as fixed external shading, may prove more cost effective in mitigating the ERC's solar heat gains, and should be considered in further research. From these results, it was concluded that a combination of insulation and lighting upgrades would provide the greatest benefit, in terms of thermal comfort, to the ERC, and would result in a more cost effective active cooling system, should one be proposed. The dissertation ended with recommendations for further work, including further analysis of ERC heating requirements in winter, and investigation into additional and alternative cooling methods, such as passive or solar cooling.
8
Al-Atrash, Farah Z. [Verfasser], Wagner, and R. T. Hellwig A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Prof. "Adaptive thermal comfort and personal control over office indoor environment in a Mediterranean hot summer climate – the case of Amman, Jordan / Farah Z. Al-Atrash ; A. Wagner, Prof. R. T. Hellwig." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1174252057/34.
9
Faggianelli, Ghjuvan Antone. "Rafraîchissement par la ventilation naturelle traversante des bâtiments en climat méditerranéen." Thesis, Corte, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CORT0007/document.
Анотація:
Face à la nécessité de réduire les consommations énergétiques ainsi que les émissions de CO2 dans le secteur du bâtiment, nous voyons se succéder des réglementations thermiques de plus en plus strictes. Ainsi, en 2020, tous les bâtiments neufs devront être à énergie positive. Le recours à des stratégies passives, exploitant les ressources de l'environnement, est un point clé pour atteindre cet objectif.En climat méditerranéen, caractérisé des étés chauds et secs, la ventilation naturelle peut apporter un confort thermique acceptable si celle-ci est utilisée intelligemment. Son efficacité est cependant très dépendante des conditions météorologiques locales et peut varier grandement d'un site à l'autre. Malgré la simplicité de ce type de système, sa gestion peut également s'avérer complexe si l'utilisateur ne dispose pas d'informations suffisantes et n'est pas présent en permanence dans le bâtiment. Cela met en avant l'intérêt de disposer d'outils adaptés à son étude, ainsi que de proposer un pilotage simple et optimisé du bâtiment, basé sur le confort de l'occupant.Afin d'évaluer le potentiel de la ventilation naturelle sans avoir recours à une lourde campagne expérimentale ou à une phase de modélisation complexe, nous proposons tout d'abord des indicateurs climatiques permettant d'obtenir une première vue du site étudié.À partir d'une approche expérimentale et numérique en conditions réelles, nous nous intéressons ensuite à la problématique de la mesure dans les bâtiments ventilés naturellement et notamment à celle du débit d'air. L'instrumentation d'un bâtiment résidentiel de l'IESC, situé sur le site de l'Université de Corse et du CNRS, permet le développement et le test de différents modèles simplifiés et adaptés au cas d'étude. La partie aéraulique est traitée à l'aide d'outils statistiques tandis la partie thermique repose sur une modélisation par analogie électrique. Un cas d'application du modèle thermo-aéraulique ainsi développé est finalement proposé pour illustrer ses possibilités d'utilisation sur différents modes de gestion de la ventilation naturelleThe need to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions in buildings leads to more and more stringent thermal regulations succeeding one another. In 2020, all new buildings should be positive energy buildings producing more energy than they use. Passive strategies, exploiting the resources of the environment, are a key point to meet this objective.In Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot and dry summers, natural ventilation can provide thermal comfort when used wisely. However, its efficiency is highly dependent on local weather conditions and can vary greatly from one site to another. Despite the simplicity of this type of system, its operation can be complex if the user does not have sufficient information and is not always present in the building. This shows the interest of developing appropriate tools for its study and implementing a simple and optimized control on the building, based on occupant comfort.To assess the potential of natural ventilation without the need of complex experimental measurement or modelling, we propose first of all several climate indicators which can give a first view of a site.Then, based on full-scale experimentations and numerical studies, we focus on the problem of measurement in naturally ventilated buildings with particular attention to the airflow rate. The instrumentation of a residential building at IESC (University of Corsica and CNRS) allows to develop and to test simplified models adapted to the case study. The airflow rate is obtained by statistical tools and the thermal model is based on an electrical analogy. Finally, an application of the coupled thermal and airflow model is proposed to highlight its possibilities on different natural ventilation control modes
10
Fahrion, Marc-Steffen. "Sommerlicher Wärmeschutz im Zeichen des Klimawandels – Anpassungsplanung für Bürogebäude." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-193732.
Анотація:
Seit Beginn der Industrialisierung ist ein starker Anstieg der anthropogenen Treibhausgaskonzentrationen in der Atmosphäre zu verzeichnen, der zu einer Veränderung des Klimas auf der Erde führt. Schon heute sind die Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt und zahlreiche Bereiche des täglichen Lebens zu beobachten. Diese werden sich mit fortschreitendem Klimawandel noch verstärken. Auch das Bauwesen muss sich auf die sich verändernden klimatischen Einwirkungen wie beispielsweise Sommerhitze, Überflutung, Starkregen, Hagel und Wind einstellen. Für keine der genannten klimatischen Einwirkungen ist das Änderungssignal in den Klimaprojektionen so eindeutig wie für die Sommerhitze. Aus diesem Grund wird der Handlungsbedarf beim sommerlichen Wärmeschutz als besonders hoch eingeschätzt. In den westlichen Industriestaaten halten sich Erwachsene während des Sommers circa 80 % der Zeit in Innenräumen auf. Deshalb ist das Innenraumklima von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Behaglichkeit, die geistige Leistungsfähigkeit und die Gesundheit des Menschen. Wie sich der Klimawandel auf die gebaute Umwelt in Deutschland auswirkt, ist weitestgehend unerforscht. Es ist zu klären, ob nur einzelne baukonstruktive Details, die heutigen Bemessungsregeln oder sogar grundsätzliche Entwurfsprinzipien für Gebäude überdacht werden müssen. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist, eine Untersuchungsmethodik zu entwickeln, mit der die Auswirkungen des bereits beobachteten und des zu erwartenden Klimawandels auf den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz bestehender Bürogebäude beurteilt werden können. Erst dadurch lässt sich ein etwaiger Handlungsbedarf objektiv feststellen und begründen. Ein weiteres wesentliches Ziel besteht darin, beispielhafte Anpassungsmaßnahmen in Abhängigkeit der jeweiligen Baukonstruktion zu entwickeln, mit denen auch in Zukunft die sommerliche Behaglichkeit in bestehenden Bürogebäuden sichergestellt werden kann. Von besonderem Interesse ist dabei die Frage, ob baukonstruktive Maßnahmen allein in Zukunft ausreichen können oder ob zusätzlich anlagentechnische Lösungen zur technischen Kühlung unumgänglich werden. Die entwickelten Anpassungsmaßnahmen sollen die Grundlage für Gebäudekonzepte und Fassadenkonstruktionen sein, welche auch bei fortschreitendem Klimawandel die Anforderungen an die Behaglichkeit und den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz erfüllen. Des Weiteren soll eine Methode zur Bewertung der Wirtschaftlichkeit von Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen aufgezeigt werden. Um untersuchen zu können, inwieweit die Verletzbarkeit infolge zunehmender Sommerhitze und der entsprechende Anpassungsbedarf von der Baukonstruktion abhängen, wurden drei Bürogebäude unterschiedlicher Baualtersstufen ausgewählt und mittels dynamisch-thermischer Gebäudesimulation analysiert. Die dynamisch-thermische Gebäudesimulation ist aktuell die detaillierteste Methode zur Beurteilung des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes. Nur mit ihr können komplexe Gebäudekonzepte oder automatisierte Systeme ausreichend genau nachgebildet werden. Zur Abbildung des bereits stattgefundenen und des projizierten Klimawandels wurden fünf Klimadatensätze verwendet, mit denen der Klimawandel von der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts dargestellt werden kann. Die Schwachpunkte der drei untersuchten Gebäude wurden analysiert und darauf aufbauend detaillierte Anpassungsvorschläge ausgearbeitet und wiederum über Simulationen bewertet. Umfangreiche Detailzeichnungen zu den angepassten Gebäudekonzepten und Fassadenkonstruktionen sollen eine Umsetzung der Ergebnisse in die Praxis erleichtern. Es werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, den durch diese Maßnahmen erzielten Nutzen in Geldeinheiten zu bewerten. Dadurch können Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen einer Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung über Investitionsrechenverfahren zugeführt werdenSince the beginning of industrialization, a large increase of anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere has been detected. This increase is the main cause for the observed climate change. The impacts of climate change on the environment and numerous aspects of human lives have been visible and will become more and more threatening with ongoing climate change. Civil engineering has to deal with changing climate-related hazards such as summer heat, flooding, torrential rain, hail and storm. For none of the mentioned climatic impacts on buildings, the climate change signal is as unambiguous and robust as for summer heat. Thus, actions to protect from summer overheating are highly required. During summer, adults in the Western industrialized states spend about 80 % of their time indoors. Therefore, indoor climate is of essential importance for comfort, mental performance and human health. The impacts of climate change on the built environment in Germany are rarely investigated. It has to be determined whether the building construction details, current design regulations or the design principles have to be revised. This thesis aims to develop a research methodology, which evaluates the impacts of the observed and expected climate change on the protection against summer overheating of existing office buildings. Only thus a possible need for action can be objectively determined and justified. Another major objective is the development of exemplary adaptation measures for various building construction types to ensure the comfort in existing office buildings during summer. Of particular interest is the question if it will be sufficient in the future to use only passive measures or if it will be unavoidable to install technical cooling capacities. The developed adaptation measures should be the basis for building concepts and façade constructions that are able to guarantee high comfort and an improved protection against summer overheating. Furthermore, a method to evaluate the economic efficiency of adaptation measures is demonstrated. To investigate the relationship between building construction and vulnerability, three buildings of different construction year categories have been analyzed using dynamic thermal building simulations. At present, the dynamic thermal building simulation is the most detailed method for evaluating the protection against summer overheating. This is the only method which is able to reproduce complex building concepts and automated systems in sufficient detail. In order to demonstrate the impacts of the observed and projected climate change on buildings between the middle of the 20th century and the end of the 21st century, five climate datasets have been applied. The weak points of the three investigated buildings have been analyzed. Based on this, detailed adaptation measures have been developed and evaluated by thermal building simulations. Comprehensive drawings, which show the adapted building concepts and façade details, will facilitate the application in practice. Different possibilities are demonstrated to express the achieved benefit from the adaptation measures in monetary units. Therefore, adaptation measures can be assessed by investment calculations
Книги з теми "Summer thermal comfort":
1
Athienitis, A. Thermal analysis for summer comfort in buildings. Athens: [CIENE, University of Athens], 1995.
2
Leech, L. S. A provisional assessment of the recreational quality of weather in summer, in terms of thermal comfort and the adverse effect of rainfall. Dublin: Meteorological Service, 1985.
Частини книг з теми "Summer thermal comfort":
1
Ayoob, A. N., and R. A. Attalage. "Thermal Processes in Building Envelopes to Improve Summer Comfort." In Architecture and Urban Space, 601–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0778-7_89.
2
Chen, Zhonghai, Zhongfeng Liu, Lang Xie, Wei Yu, Song Pan, Zhilin Guo, Yiqiao Liu, and Qingping Li. "Study on Thermal Comfort of Beijing Subway in Summer." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 971–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9520-8_100.
3
Peng, Ting, Zhaosong Fang, Zhimin Zheng, Zhaoliang Ji, and Qianlin Li. "Research on Thermal Comfort of University Libraries in Summer of Guangzhou." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 735–44. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9520-8_76.
4
Xu, Chang, Nianping Li, Zhibin Wu, Ge Yao, and Jing Zhang. "Exploring Thermal Comfort and Dynamic Work Performance in a Different Transient Thermal Environment in Summer." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 1233–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9520-8_127.
5
Evola, Gianpiero, Luigi Marletta, and Federica Avola. "Energy Savings and Summer Thermal Comfort for Retrofitted Buildings: A Complex Balance." In Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, 281–93. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9868-2_24.
6
García, Mónica Cristina. "Thermal Differences, Comfort/Discomfort and Humidex Summer Climate in Mar del Plata, Argentina." In Urban Climates in Latin America, 83–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97013-4_5.
7
Rauzier, E., and X. Berger. "Urban Conception of the Old City of Nice to Provide Summer Thermal Comfort." In Architecture and Urban Space, 139–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0778-7_20.
8
Huang, Xianfeng, and Yimin Lu. "Optimized Approach to Architecture Thermal Comfort in Hot Summer and Warm Winter Zone." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 229–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15853-7_29.
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Liu, Qianqian, Haiyan Yan, Hanyu Wang, Hao Zhang, and Mengru Dong. "Comparative Study on Thermal Comfort of People from Different Climate Zones in Summer." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 573–82. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9520-8_60.
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Tseliou, A., I. X. Tsiros, M. Nikolopoulou, and S. Lykoudis. "Thermal Comfort Conditions and Evaluation of the Thermal Bioclimate Index PET in Two European Cities During Summer." In Advances in Meteorology, Climatology and Atmospheric Physics, 779–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29172-2_110.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Summer thermal comfort":
1
Simson, Raimo, Jarek Kurnitski, Mikk Maivel, and Targo Kalamees. "Compliance with Summer Thermal Comfort Requirements in Apartment Buildings." In Advanced HVAC and Natural Gas Technologies. Riga: Riga Technical University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/rehvaconf.2015.009.
2
Boukhris, Yosr, Leila Gharbi, and Nadia Ghrab-Morcos. "Influence of night natural ventilation on Tunisian summer thermal comfort." In 2014 5th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irec.2014.6826928.
3
Al-Assaad, Douaa, Nesreen Ghaddar, and Kamel Ghali. "Performance of Mixing Ventilation System Coupled With Dynamic Personalized Ventilator for Thermal Comfort." In ASME 2017 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2017-4747.
Анотація:
This study optimizes the performance of a mixing ventilation system coupled with a personalized ventilator that emits a cool sinusoidal horizontal airflow jet towards the occupant upper body in order to achieve good overall thermal comfort and good air quality in the occupant breathing zone. A transient 3-D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model coupled with a transient bio-heat model was deployed to predict airflow and temperature fields in the space and around the occupant as well as segmental skin temperature profiles for local and overall thermal sensation and comfort analysis. Simulations were performed using the CFD model to determine the airflow optimal supply frequency, mean flow rate and amplitude at room temperature of 25 °C and PV jet temperature of 22 °C. The system also showed, that when increasing frequency at fixed mean flow rate, thermal comfort increased from by 15.2 %. However when increasing mean flow rate at a fixed frequency, thermal comfort dropped at the low frequency of 0.3 Hz but remained acceptable at the higher frequency of 0.5 Hz.
4
Gijon-Rivera, M., and Juan Serrano-Arellano. "THERMAL COMFORT AND AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS OF A VENTILATED CAVITY: A SINGLE OR MULTIPLE AIR OUTLETS." In First Thermal and Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/tfesc1.cmd.013234.
5
Al-Mutawa, Nawaf, Walid Chakroun, and Mohammad H. Hosni. "Evaluation of Human Thermal Comfort in Offices in Kuwait and Assessment of the Applicability of the Standard PMV Model." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56787.
Анотація:
It has been known that the human thermal comfort is not exclusively a function of air temperature but also a function of six additional parameters, namely, mean radiant temperature, air velocity, turbulence intensity, humidity, activity level, and clothing insulation. The combined physical and psychological impact of these parameters on thermal comfort is mathematically described in various comfort models. The current comfort models, while use extensive human comfort data, may not be applicable in all world regions due to environmental conditions and people’s expectations. The State of Kuwait has a population of 2.5 million inhabitants with majority of people living in a few populated cities with heavy vehicle traffic, office buildings, factories, petroleum operations, and shopping centers. During the summer months (especially in July and August) the temperature reaches 48 °C in the afternoon, and can sometimes exceed 55 °C requiring extensive use of air conditioning. The traditional clothing (Disdasha) is made of lightweight, white, fabric material to provide some level of comfort. To better understand the regional preferences and assess the applicability of the standard comfort models in Kuwait, important parameters influencing human thermal comfort were measured in ten different government offices and the corresponding PMV indices were calculated. The results were compared with other comfort indices to obtain the most viable comfort index and the appropriate temperature range for local comfort for Kuwait offices. This study is not only important for comfort evaluations but also for evaluation of energy consumption in office buildings.
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Attema, J. J., B. G. Heusinkveld, R. J. Ronda, G. J. Steeneveld, and A. A. M. Holtslag. "Summer in the City: Forecasting and Mapping Human Thermal Comfort in Urban Areas." In 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on e-Science (e-Science). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/escience.2015.21.
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Velea, Liliana, Roxana Bojariu, Mihaela Tinca Udristioiu, Silviu Constantin Sararu, Madalina Gothard, and Sorin I. Dascalu. "Assessment of summer thermal comfort using the net effective temperature index over Romania." In TIM 18 PHYSICS CONFERENCE. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5090071.
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Farooq, Sobia, and Fredericka Brown. "Evaluation of Thermal Comfort and Energy Demands in University Classrooms." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88326.
Анотація:
The impetus of this study was to evaluate the current HVAC related energy demands of select classroom at The University of Texas at Tyler at present thermal set points and compare the current energy demands with energy demands based on operating the system at the preferred temperature range of occupants. To determine the preferred temperature range of the students at The University of Texas at Tyler, a subjective assessment was performed by questionnaire survey in a selected classroom along with objective measurements of thermal comfort parameters (air velocity, operative temperature and relative humidity). The questionnaire survey included questions about thermal sensation, perception, acceptability, and relevant demographic and clothing data. Using the Fanger’s thermal comfort model, the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Percentage People Dissatisfied (PPD) was calculated from the objective measurements. Regression analysis performed on the survey data provided the range of neutral, preferred and acceptable temperatures in the classroom. The key contributions of this study were: 1) successful implementation of the on field methodology to access thermal comfort in the hot and humid climate of Tyler, Texas, 2) evaluation of the thermal comfort level of the students and faculty at The University of Texas at Tyler, 3) data acquisition of neutral and preferred temperature ranges which can be used as a reference for HVAC design engineers, and 4) comparison of the relationship between thermal comfort level and energy consumption.
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Al-Othmani, Mohamad, Nesreen Ghaddar, and Kamel Ghali. "Transient Human Thermal Comfort Response in Convective and Radiative Environments." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56101.
Анотація:
In this work, human transient thermal responses and comfort are studied in non-uniform radiant heating and convective heating environments. The focus was on a change from walking activity of human in outdoor cold environment at high clothing insulation to warm indoor environment at sedentary activity level associated with lower clothing insulation. A transient multi-segmented bioheat model sensitive to radiant asymmetry is used to compare how fast the human body approaches steady state thermal conditions in both radiative and convective warm environments. A space thermal model is integrated with the bioheat model to predict the transient changes in skin and core temperature of a person subject to change in metabolic rate and clothing insulation when entering conditioned indoor space. It was found that overall thermal comfort and neutrality were reached in 6.2 minutes in the radiative environment compared to 9.24 minutes in convective environment. The local thermal comfort of various body segments differed in their response to the convective system where it took more than 19 minutes for extremities to reach local comfort unlike the radiative system where thermal comfort was attained within 7 minutes.
10
Al Assad, Douaa, Kamel Ghali, Nesreen Ghaddar, and Elvire Katramiz. "Thermal Comfort and Energy Savings in a Simulated Office Conditioned by a Transient Personalized Ventilator and a Displacement Ventilation System." In ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2020-8914.
Анотація:
Abstract The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of an intermittent personalized ventilation (IPV) system assisting a displacement ventilation (DV) system to improve thermal comfort and save energy. This will be conducted by developing a transient 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of an occupied office space equipped with systems. The occupant is modeled by a heated thermal manikin replicating the human body. The CFD model is coupled with a transient bio-heat model to compute segmental skin temperatures and their rate of change. The latter are taken as input into Zhang’s comfort model to predict and overall thermal comfort. The model was used to conduct a case study, where the overall thermal comfort and energy savings will be assessed for the IPV + DV These results will be compared with those of steady personalized ventilation (PV) + DV and standalone DV systems. By varying the IPV frequency in the typical indoor range of [0.3 Hz – 1 Hz], it was found that the IPV + DV system was able to enhance comfort compared to steady PV + DV and a standalone DV. In addition, an energy analysis was conducted and it was shown that the IPV was able to achieve considerable energy savings compared to a steady PV + DV at the same thermal comfort level. Moreover, relaxing the DV supply temperature to higher occupied zone temperatures, can provide additional energy savings while still maintaining comfort levels in the space.