Статті в журналах: "Taiwanensis"

1

Lee, Chu, Lin, Kung, Lin, and Lee. "Root Traits and Biomechanical Properties of Three Tropical Pioneer Tree Species for Forest Restoration in Landslide Areas." Forests 11, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020179.

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Frequent earthquakes, monsoon torrential rains and typhoons cause severe landslides and soil erosion in Taiwan. Hibiscus taiwanensis, Macaranga tanarius, and Mallotus paniculatus are major pioneer tree species appearing on landslide-scarred areas. Thus, these species can be used to restore the self-sustaining native vegetation on forest landslides, to control erosion, and to stabilize slope. However, their growth performance, root traits and biomechanical properties have not been well characterized. In this study, root system and root traits were investigated using the excavation method, and biomechanical tests were performed to determine the uprooting resistance, root tensile strength and Young’s modulus of 1-year-old Hibiscus taiwanensis, Macaranga tanarius, and Mallotus paniculatus seedlings. The results reveal that relative to H. taiwanensis, M. tanarius and M. paniculatus seedlings had significantly larger root collar diameter, longer taproot length, higher root biomass, higher root density, higher root length density, heavier root mass, larger external root surface area, higher root tissue density, larger root volume, longer total root length, and a higher root tip number. Additionally, the height of M. paniculatus seedlings was significantly higher than those of H. taiwanensis and M. tanarius. Furthermore, the uprooting resistance and root tensile strength of M. paniculatus seedlings was significantly higher than those of H. taiwanensis and M. tanarius. Young’s modulus of M. paniculatus and M. tanarius seedlings was also significantly higher than that of H. taiwanensis. These growth characteristics and biomechanical properties demonstrate M. paniculatus and M. tanarius are superior than H. taiwanensis, considering growth performance, root anchorage capability, tensile strength and Young’s modulus. Taken as a whole, the rank order for species selection of these pioneer species for reforestation comes as: M. paniculatus M. tanarius H. taiwanensis. These results, along with knowledge on vegetation dynamics following landslides, allow us to better evaluate the effect of selective removal management of pioneer species on the resilience and sustainability of landslides.

2

Chen, Wen-Jen, Tzu-Yen Kuo, Chun-Yi Chen, Feng-Chia Hsieh, Yu-Liang Yang, Je-Ruei Liu, and Ming-Che Shih. "Whole Genome Sequencing and Tn5-Insertion Mutagenesis of Pseudomonas taiwanensis CMS to Probe Its Antagonistic Activity Against Rice Bacterial Blight Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 8639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228639.

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The Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas taiwanensis is a novel bacterium that uses shrimp shell waste as its sole sources of carbon and nitrogen. It is a versatile bacterium with potential for use in biological control, with activities including toxicity toward insects, fungi, and the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (Xoo). In this study, the complete 5.08-Mb genome sequence of P. taiwanensis CMS was determined by a combination of NGS/Sanger sequencing and optical mapping. Comparison of optical maps of seven Pseudomonas species showed that P. taiwanensis is most closely related to P. putida KT 2400. We screened a total of 11,646 individual Tn5-transponson tagged strains to identify genes that are involved in the production and regulation of the iron-chelator pyoverdine in P. taiwanensis, which is a key anti-Xoo factor. Our results indicated that the two-component system (TCS) EnvZ/OmpR plays a positive regulatory role in the production of pyoverdine, whereas the sigma factor RpoS functions as a repressor. The knowledge of the molecular basis of the regulation of pyoverdine by P. taiwanensis provided herein will be useful for its development for use in biological control, including as an anti-Xoo agent.

3

Farina, Priscilla, Giuseppe Mazza, Claudia Benvenuti, Ilaria Cutino, Paolo Giannotti, Barbara Conti, Stefano Bedini, and Elisabetta Gargani. "Biological Notes and Distribution in Southern Europe of Aclees taiwanensis Kȏno, 1933 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): A New Pest of the Fig Tree." Insects 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12010005.

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Ficus carica L. is one of the earliest cultivated fruit trees, and figs are a typical fruit of the Mediterranean diet and traditional medicine as well. In recent years, a new pest, the black weevil Aclees taiwanensis Kȏno, 1933 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) native to Asia, has been recorded in France and Italy. Aclees taiwanensis causes the rapid death of the fig tree by its larvae that dig alimentation galleries in the trunk and surface roots, compromising the phloem flux. In Italy, from 2005, the year of the first detection of A. taiwanensis, the fig production has nearly halved, decreasing from 20.09 t to 10.65 t. To date, no specific EU regulation has been applied to prevent the A. taiwanensis spread, and we can reasonably expect a rapid diffusion of this pest all over the Mediterranean area. To avoid the loss of the Mediterranean fig orchards, effective strategies to detect and control the black weevil are required. Such strategies need a detailed knowledge of A. taiwanensis distribution, biology, and physiology. This paper updates the known distribution of this species in Southern Europe, using a citizen science approach, and describes, under laboratory and field conditions, its main biological traits.

4

IWATSUKI, YUKIO, and KENT E. CARPENTER. "Acanthopagrus taiwanensis, a new sparid fish (Perciformes), with comparisons to Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskål, 1775) and other nominal species of Acanthopagrus." Zootaxa 1202, no. 1 (May 15, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1202.1.1.

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A new sparid species, Acanthopagrus taiwanensis, is described on the basis of six specimens that were previously misidentified as A. berda (Forsskål, 1775), collected from Tung-kang, southwestern Taiwan. Acanthopagrus taiwanensis and A. berda are similar in overall appearance, both with deep bodies. However, A. taiwanensis differs from the latter in having a more rounded body, broadly rounded anteriormost head squamation with around 10 somewhat smaller scales anteriorly, 3 or 4 cheek scale rows, thin upper and lower lips, older individuals with a ridge on dorsal profile in front of eye and upper profile of head evenly convex, head and body black with sharply contrasting white area ventrally, a dark spot at upper base of pectoral fins, and flat molar teeth. In contrast, A. berda has a deeper body, broadly rounded anteriormost head squamation with around 20 small scales anteriorly, 5 or 6 cheek scale rows, thick upper and lower lips, larger individuals with a weak ridge in profile in front of eye and concave snout profile, head and body silvery gray, no black spot at upper base of pectoral fins and somewhat pointed molar teeth. Older individuals of A. berda also develop a strong concavity of the ventral edge of the first two infraorbitals above the posterior part of upper jaw, while the edge is relatively straight or weakly concave in A. taiwanensis. We discuss the nominal species that have been placed in synonymy with A. berda and contrast A. taiwanensis with similar congeners.

5

Chan, Yu-Yi. "Neoclerodane Diterpenoids from Ajuga taiwanensis." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 53, no. 2 (2005): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.53.164.

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6

TSENG, CHING-TZU, ROGER F. HOU, and LI-CHENG TANG. "Steinernema taiwanensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Taiwan." Zootaxa 4434, no. 3 (June 18, 2018): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4434.3.4.

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A new isolate of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema taiwanensis n. sp., was isolated from soil in Pingtung County, Taiwan. This new species could be characterized and distinguished from other related species by its morphological characters, morphometrics, and phylogenetic analysis. The body length and distance from anterior end to nerve ring of infective juveniles is 1012 (983–1045) µm and 124 (120–127) µm, lateral field formula 2, 6, 7, 8, 2, and the tail length 90 (79–96) µm without dorsal constriction in tail region. The first generation males of S. taiwanensis n. sp. are characterized by spicule shape, smooth blade tip, 23 genital papillae (11 pairs and 1 single papilla), spicule length of 94 (89–99) µm and gubernaculum length of 68 (65–70) µm. Females from the first generation of S. taiwanensis n. sp. have no epiptygmata and a slightly developed post-anal swelling. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS and D2D3 regions of rDNA showed that S. taiwanensis n. sp. belongs to the Longicaudum-clade and comprises a monophyletic group with S. guangdongense and S. longicaudum. The new isolate is described as a novel species according to morphological and phylogenetic analyses.

7

Kourilova, Xenie, Iva Pernicova, Michaela Vidlakova, Roman Krejcirik, Katerina Mrazova, Kamila Hrubanova, Vladislav Krzyzanek, Jana Nebesarova, and Stanislav Obruca. "Biotechnological Conversion of Grape Pomace to Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by Moderately Thermophilic Bacterium Tepidimonas taiwanensis." Bioengineering 8, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8100141.

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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are microbial polyesters that have recently come to the forefront of interest due to their biodegradability and production from renewable sources. A potential increase in competitiveness of PHA production process comes with a combination of the use of thermophilic bacteria with the mutual use of waste substrates. In this work, the thermophilic bacterium Tepidimonas taiwanensis LMG 22826 was identified as a promising PHA producer. The ability to produce PHA in T. taiwanensis was studied both on genotype and phenotype levels. The gene encoding the Class I PHA synthase, a crucial enzyme in PHA synthesis, was detected both by genome database search and by PCR. The microbial culture of T. taiwanensis was capable of efficient utilization of glucose and fructose. When cultivated on glucose as the only carbon source at 50 °C, the PHA titers reached up to 3.55 g/L, and PHA content in cell dry mass was 65%. The preference of fructose and glucose opens the possibility to employ T. taiwanensis for PHA production on various food wastes rich in these abundant sugars. In this work, PHA production on grape pomace extracts was successfully tested.

8

Verma, Subhash Chandra, Soumitra Paul Chowdhury, and Anil Kumar Tripathi. "Phylogeny based on 16S rDNA andnifHsequences ofRalstonia taiwanensisstrains isolated from nitrogen-fixing nodules ofMimosa pudica, in India." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 50, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-020.

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Bacterial symbionts present in the indeterminate-type nitrogen (N)-fixing nodules of Mimosa pudica grown in North and South India showed maximum similarity to Ralstonia taiwanensis on the basis of carbon-source utilization patterns and 16S rDNA sequence. Isolates from the nodules of M. pudica from North India and South India showed identical ARDRA (Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis) patterns with Sau3AI and RsaI, but AluI revealed dimorphy between the North Indian and South Indian isolates. Alignment of 16S rDNA sequences revealed similarity of North Indian isolates with an R. taiwanensis strain isolated from M. pudica in Taiwan, whereas South Indian isolates showed closer relatedness with the isolates from Mimosa diplotricha. Alignment of nifH sequences from both North Indian and South Indian isolates with that of the related isolates revealed their closer affinity to α-rhizobia, suggesting that nif genes in the β-rhizobia might have been acquired from α-rhizobia via lateral transfer during co-occupancy of nodules by α-rhizobia and progenitors of R. taiwanensis, members of the β-subclass of Proteobacteria. Immunological cross-reaction of the bacteroid preparation of M. pudica nodules showed strong a positive signal with anti-dinitrogenase reductase antibody, whereas a weak positive cross-reaction was observed with free-living R. taiwanensis grown microaerobically in minimal medium with and without NH4Cl. In spite of the expression of dinitrogenase reductase under free-living conditions, acetylene reduction was not observed under N-free conditions even after prolonged incubation.Key words: symbiotic nitrogen fixation, Mimosa pudica, rhizobia, phylogeny, 16S rDNA, nifH, Ralstonia taiwanensis.

9

Doin de Moura, Ginaini Grazielli, Philippe Remigi, Catherine Masson-Boivin, and Delphine Capela. "Experimental Evolution of Legume Symbionts: What Have We Learnt?" Genes 11, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11030339.

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Rhizobia, the nitrogen-fixing symbionts of legumes, are polyphyletic bacteria distributed in many alpha- and beta-proteobacterial genera. They likely emerged and diversified through independent horizontal transfers of key symbiotic genes. To replay the evolution of a new rhizobium genus under laboratory conditions, the symbiotic plasmid of Cupriavidus taiwanensis was introduced in the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, and the generated proto-rhizobium was submitted to repeated inoculations to the C. taiwanensis host, Mimosa pudica L. This experiment validated a two-step evolutionary scenario of key symbiotic gene acquisition followed by genome remodeling under plant selection. Nodulation and nodule cell infection were obtained and optimized mainly via the rewiring of regulatory circuits of the recipient bacterium. Symbiotic adaptation was shown to be accelerated by the activity of a mutagenesis cassette conserved in most rhizobia. Investigating mutated genes led us to identify new components of R. solanacearum virulence and C. taiwanensis symbiosis. Nitrogen fixation was not acquired in our short experiment. However, we showed that post-infection sanctions allowed the increase in frequency of nitrogen-fixing variants among a non-fixing population in the M. pudica–C. taiwanensis system and likely allowed the spread of this trait in natura. Experimental evolution thus provided new insights into rhizobium biology and evolution.

10

Kim, Sam Woong, Yeon Jo Ha, Kyu Ho Bang, Seungki Lee, Joo-Hong Yeo, Hee-Sun Yang, Tae-Won Kim, Kyu Pil Lee, and Woo Young Bang. "Potential of Bacteriocins from Lactobacillus taiwanensis for Producing Bacterial Ghosts as a Next Generation Vaccine." Toxins 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12070432.

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Bacteriocins are functionally diverse toxins produced by most microbes and are potent antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for bacterial ghosts as next generation vaccines. Here, we first report that the AMPs secreted from Lactobacillus taiwanensis effectively form ghosts of pathogenic bacteria and are identified as diverse bacteriocins, including novel ones. In detail, a cell-free supernatant from L. taiwanensis exhibited antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria and was observed to effectively cause cellular lysis through pore formation in the bacterial membrane using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The treatment of the cell-free supernatant with proteinase K or EDTA proved that the antimicrobial activity is mediated by AMPs, and the purification of AMPs using Sep-Pak columns indicated that the cell-free supernatant includes various amphipathic peptides responsible for the antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the whole-genome sequencing of L. taiwanensis revealed that the strain has diverse bacteriocins, confirmed experimentally to function as AMPs, and among them are three novel bacteriocins, designated as Tan 1, Tan 2, and Tan 3. We also confirmed, using SEM, that Tan 2 effectively produces bacterial ghosts. Therefore, our data suggest that the bacteriocins from L. taiwanensis are potentially useful as a critical component for the preparation of bacterial ghosts.

11

Thérézien, Par Y. "Strombomonas taiwanensis var. bigeonii nova var. (Euglenophyta, Euglenophyceae)." Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 92 (March 19, 1999): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/algol_stud/92/1999/11.

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12

XUAN-NGUYEN, XUAN-VY, TRUNG-HIEU NGUYEN, VIET-HA DAO, and LAWRENCE LIAO. "New record of Grateloupia taiwanensis S.-M. Lin et H.-Y. Liang in Vietnam: Evidence of morphological observation and rbcL sequence analysis." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 3 (February 19, 2019): 688–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200311.

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Abstract. Nguyen XV, Nguyen TH, Dao VH, Liao L. 2019. New record of Grateloupia taiwanensis S.-M. Lin et H.-Y. Liang in Vietnam: Evidence of morphological observation and rbcL sequence analysis. Biodiversitas 20: 688-695. Members of Grateloupia show highly diverse morphological traits, and this makes species classification more difficult. Samples were found growing with other marine algae nearshore, 3–5 m depth at Da Nang City. Morphological observation of vegetative and reproductive structures as well as phylogenetic analysis based on the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase-oxygenase (rbcL) sequence confirmed its identification. Phylogeny of members of Grateloupia inferred from Bayesian Inference, Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Neighbour Joining indicated materials collected in Vietnam compared well with known G. taiwanensis from the type locality, with very little sequence divergence. Grateloupia taiwanensis S.-M. Lin et H.-Y. Liang is therefore reported for the first time from Vietnam.

13

CHAO, NING LABBISH, CHIH-WEI CHANG, MENG-HSIEN CHEN, CHANG-CHANG GUO, BAI-AN LIN, YOU-YU LIOU, KANG-NING SHEN, and MIN LIU. "Johnius taiwanensis, a new species of Sciaenidae from the Taiwan Strait, with a key to Johnius species from Chinese waters." Zootaxa 4651, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4651.2.3.

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A new sciaenid fish, Johnius taiwanensis, is described from the southeast coast of mainland China from Zhejiang to Guangdong, Hong Kong, and west coast of Taiwan. Johnius taiwanensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from other Johnius species by having a grayish dorsal half of body divided by a clear line from a whitish ventral half, and a black spot at the dorsal half of pectoral-fin axil, appearing as a distinct dot at the most dorsal point of the pectoral-fin base. First dorsal fin black tipped, other fins pale to dusky but never darkly pigmented. The species lacks distinctly enlarged teeth on upper and lower jaws. Body scales ctenoid, moderately large, with five or six rows between first dorsal-fin origin and lateral line. It is one of the most abundant sciaenids found in the shallow coastal waters (<20 m) of southeast mainland China and the west coast of Taiwan. It has often been misidentified as J. macrorhynus in the region. Phylogenetic analysis from all 27 sciaenid species found in Chinese waters based on the complete COI and 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that the genus Johnius is monophyletic and J. taiwanensis is placed as a sister species of J. trewavasae. Acoustic analysis has shown that J. taiwanensis produces a unique sound among fishes in Taiwan coastal waters.

14

Hsieh, W. H., and L. T. Li. "Bagcheea taiwanensis sp. nov. from Taiwan." Mycological Research 95, no. 7 (July 1991): 895–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80060-9.

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15

Tseng, Min, Shu-Feng Yang, Wen-Jun Li, and Cheng-Lin Jiang. "Amycolatopsis taiwanensis sp. nov., from soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64149-0.

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An actinomycete strain (0345M-7T) was isolated from a soil sample from Yilan county, Taiwan. The isolate displayed substrate mycelia, upon which were borne short spore chains. The spore chains were composed of non-motile, smooth-surfaced, oval spores. Strain 0345M-7T had meso-diaminopimelic acid in its peptidoglycan. Whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose. The only phospholipid found was phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). Mycolic acids were not detected. Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 (38.1 %) and C17 : 1 (25.4 %). The DNA G+C content of strain 0345M-7T was 68.9 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, it is proposed that strain 0345M-7T (=BCRC 16802T=KCTC 19116T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis, Amycolatopsis taiwanensis sp. nov.

16

Chan, Yu-Yi, Tian-Shung Wu, Chang Sheng Kuoh, and Amooru G. Damu. "A New Phytoecdysteroid from Ajuga taiwanensis." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 53, no. 7 (2005): 836–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.53.836.

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17

Liang, Yu-Jie, Hiran A. Ariyawansa, J. Ole Becker, and Jiue-in Yang. "The Evaluation of Egg-Parasitic Fungi Paraboeremia taiwanensis and Samsoniella sp. for the Biological Control of Meloidogyne enterolobii on Chinese Cabbage." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060828.

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Meloidogyne enterolobii, an aggressive plant-parasitic nematode, has been causing great yield loss worldwide in recent years. With no resistant Chinese cabbage cultivar available currently, a biological control strategy is needed to offer an eco-friendly option for sustainable farming. In this study, the nematode suppression efficacy of two newly isolated fungi, Paraboeremia taiwanensis and Samsoniella sp., were evaluated against M. enterolobii and compared to the known biological control agents Hyalorbilia oviparasitica strain DoUCR50 and Purpureocillium lilacinum strain 251 (PL251). Both P. taiwanensis and Samsoniella sp. reduced 29–63% disease severity as effectively as the commercial product PL251 on Chinese cabbage in greenhouse trails. The in vitro egg infection rate was 47.83% by P. taiwanensis and 47.50% for Samsoniella sp., respectively. A special protocol for scanning electron microscope observation of the fungi-infected nematodes was established in this study, and the egg parasitism of the four fungi against M. enterolobii was further confirmed. For all fungi examined in this study, fungal hyphae were seen apparently penetrating into M. enterolobii eggs without destructive damage of the overall outer eggshell and the hyphae continued to grow within eggs after 6 days of infection. The results of this study imply a similar egg-parasitism mechanism for P. taiwanensis, Samsoniella sp., H. oviparasitica DoUCR50, and P. lilacinum PL251. It further enlightens the application potential of nematophagous fungi as biocontrol agents against plant-parasitic nematodes in vegetable crop management.

18

Lee, Jeng-Di. "A New Mountain Slater, Ligia Taiwanensis (Isopoda, Ligiidae) From Taiwan." Crustaceana 66, no. 1 (1994): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854094x00198.

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19

Chen, Wen-Ming, Lionel Moulin, Cyril Bontemps, Peter Vandamme, Gilles Béna та Catherine Boivin-Masson. "Legume Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation byβ-Proteobacteria Is Widespread inNature". Journal of Bacteriology 185, № 24 (15 грудня 2003): 7266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.24.7266-7272.2003.

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ABSTRACT Following the initial discovery of two legume-nodulating Burkholderia strains (L. Moulin, A. Munive, B. Dreyfus, and C. Boivin-Masson, Nature 411:948-950, 2001), we identified as nitrogen-fixing legume symbionts at least 50 different strains of Burkholderia caribensis and Ralstonia taiwanensis, all belonging to the β-subclass of proteobacteria, thus extending the phylogenetic diversity of the rhizobia. R. taiwanensis was found to represent 93% of the Mimosa isolates in Taiwan, indicating thatβ -proteobacteria can be the specific symbionts of a legume. The nod genes of rhizobial β-proteobacteria (β-rhizobia) are very similar to those of rhizobia from theα -subclass (α-rhizobia), strongly supporting the hypothesis of the unique origin of common nod genes. Theβ -rhizobial nod genes are located on a 0.5-Mb plasmid, together with the nifH gene, in R. taiwanensis and Burkholderia phymatum. Phylogenetic analysis of available nodA gene sequences clustered β-rhizobial sequences in two nodA lineages intertwined with α-rhizobial sequences. On the other hand, theβ -rhizobia were grouped with free-living nitrogen-fixingβ -proteobacteria on the basis of the nifH phylogenetic tree. These findings suggest that β-rhizobia evolved from diazotrophs through multiple lateral nod gene transfers.

20

HU, FANG-SHUO. "New distributional records of Staphylinina in Taiwan, including a new species of Miobdelus Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini)." Zootaxa 4768, no. 3 (May 4, 2020): 334–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.2.

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Miobdelus humilis sp. nov. is described as new. A lectotype is designated for Staphylinus (Xanthocypus) miwai Bernhauer, 1943 and Thoracostrongylus miyakei Bernhauer, 1943. Ocypus (Ocypus) miwai (Bernhauer, 1943) is transferred from Ocypus Leach, 1819 to Sphaerobulbus Smetana, 2003 and the species is re-described based on types and modern specimens. A female description of Apecholinus imitator Smetana & Hu, 2019 is provided. Creophilus flavipennis Hope, 1831, Nelmanwaslus ornatus Smetana, 2006, Ontholestes oculatus (Sharp, 1874) and Platydracus juang Smetana, 2005 are reported for the first time from Taiwan. Ontholestes oculatus is re-described based on Taiwanese material, representing the first record of the genus Ontholestes Ganglbauer, 1895 in Taiwan. Platydracus juang is considered to be a termitophilous species, associated with Reticulitermes leptomandibularis (Hsia & Fan, 1965), which would represent the first report of termitophily in the subtribe Staphylinina. Additional records of C. maxillosus maxillosus (Linnaeus, 1758), Agelosus auricomus Smetana & Hu, 2019, Apecholinus fraternus Fairmaire, 1891, Miobdelus taiwanensis taiwanensis Smetana, 2001, Naddia taiwanensis Shibata, 1979 and Thoracostrongylus formosanus Shibata, 1982 are provided. Habitus photos of the above species and Dinothenarus choui Smetana, 1992 are also provided. A preliminary checklist of Staphylinina in Taiwan is proposed.

21

Chen, Jih-Jung, Ming-Jen Cheng, Tzong-Huei Lee, Yueh-Hsiung Kuo, and Chao-Tsen Lu. "Secondary Metabolites with Anti-Inflammatory from the Roots of Cimicifuga taiwanensis." Molecules 27, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051657.

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The genus Cimicifuga is one of the smallest genera in the family Ranunculaceae. Cimicifugae Rhizoma originated from rhizomes of Cimicifuga simplex, and C. dahurica, C. racemosa, C. foetida, and C. heracleifolia have been used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic remedies in Chinese traditional medicine. Inflammation is related to many diseases. Cimicifuga taiwanensis was often used in folk therapy in Taiwan for inflammation. Phytochemical investigation and chromatographic separation of extracts from the roots of Cimicifuga taiwanensis has led to the isolation of six new compounds: cimicitaiwanins A–F (1–6, respectively). The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analysis (1D- and 2D-NMR, MS, and UV) and comparison with the literature data. The effect of some isolates on the inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages was evaluated. Of the isolates, 3–6 exhibited potent anti-NO production activity, with IC50 values ranging from 6.54 to 24.58 μM, respectively, compared with that of quercetin, an iNOS inhibitor with an IC50 value of 34.58 μM. This is the first report on metabolite from the endemic Taiwanese plant-C. taiwanensis.

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Huang, Tseng-Chieng, Hsiang-Jiunn Chen, and Li-Chiou Li. "A Palynological Study of Isoetes taiwanensis DeVol." American Fern Journal 82, no. 4 (October 1992): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1547527.

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Wu, Sheng-Hua, Yu-Ting Lin, Chi-Liang Chern, and Shin-Yi Ke. "Inonotus taiwanensis sp. nov. (Basidiomycota) from Taiwan." Mycoscience 59, no. 5 (September 2018): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2017.07.003.

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Wang, Li-Ting, Chun-Ju Tai, Yen-Chi Wu, Ying-Bei Chen, Fwu-Ling Lee, and San-Lang Wang. "Pseudomonas taiwanensis sp. nov., isolated from soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 2094–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.014779-0.

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A novel Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, CMST, isolated from soil was characterized using phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the organism belongs phylogenetically to the genus Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas monteilii, P. plecoglossicida and P. mosselii were the most closely related species, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the respective type strains of 99.79, 99.73 and 99.59 %. Relatively low gyrB gene sequence similarities (<90 %) and DNA–DNA reassociation values (<51 %) were obtained between the strain and its phylogenetically closest neighbours. The G+C content of strain CMST was 62.7 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1 ω7c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), C16 : 0 and C10 : 0 3-OH. Based on the phenotypic and genetic evidence, the strain is suggested to represent a novel species, for which the name Pseudomonas taiwanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CMST (=BCRC 17751T =DSM 21245T).

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Wang, L. T., H. P. Kuo, Y. C. Wu, C. J. Tai, and F. L. Lee. "Lactobacillus taiwanensis sp. nov., isolated from silage." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY 59, no. 8 (July 15, 2009): 2064–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.006783-0.

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Wu, Pei-Lin, Tian-Shung Wu, Cai-Xia He, Chia-Hao Su, and Kuo-Hsiung Lee. "Constituents from the Stems of Hibiscus taiwanensis." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 53, no. 1 (2005): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.53.56.

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Cheng, Ming-Jen, Ming-Der Wu, Hsun-Shuo Chang, Jih-Jung Chen, and Min Tseng. "Secondary Metabolites from the Actinobacterium Amycolatopsis taiwanensis." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 58, no. 1 (January 2022): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-022-03627-8.

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Lin, Tsan-Piao, Tzen-Yu Lee, Li-Feng Yang, Yong-Ly Chung, and Jenq-Chuan Yang. "Comparison of the allozyme diversity in several populations of Chamaecyparisformosensis and Chamaecyparistaiwanensis." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 2128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-273.

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Genetic diversity within and genetic differentiation among three populations of Chamaecyparisformosensis Matsum. and two populations of Chamaecyparistaiwanensis Masam. & Suzuki were investigated using one-year-old seedlings collected from central and northern Taiwan. For C. formosensis 330 seedlings from 33 seed trees were used, while for C. taiwanensis 260 seedlings from 26 seed trees were used. Eleven enzyme systems were investigated. In C. formosensis, 5 of the 21 loci examined were polymorphic. The average percentage of polymorphic loci per population was 20.6% at the 99% criterion for polymorphism. Mean expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.079 to 0.100 in the different populations. On average, there were 6.6 to 9.2% heterozygous loci per individual and 1.24 to 1.29 alleles per locus; the effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.09 to 1.11. In C. taiwanensis, 7 of the 20 loci examined were polymorphic and the average percentage of polymorphic loci per population was 22.5%. Mean expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.044 to 0.060. On average there were 4.5 to 5.6% heterozygous loci per individual and 1.45 alleles per locus; the effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.05 to 1.08. The surprisingly low expected heterozygosity and percentage of polymorphic loci compared with other conifer probably reflects the insular nature of these species. Partitioning the genetic variability into within- and among-population components with F-statistics led to an estimate of within-population variation of 95% of the total variation in both C. formosensis and C. taiwanensis. Chamaecyparisformosensis had a positive fixation index (0.109) that was significantly different from zero at the 5% level, indicating that most loci have slightly higher frequencies of homozygotes. Chamaecyparistaiwanensis, however, had a fixation index close to zero (0.036), which suggests that most loci are in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The genetic distance between C. formosensis and C. taiwanensis was 0.70, which clearly separates these two species.

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MEREGALLI, MASSIMO, MARCO BORIANI, MAURIZIO BOLLINO, and CHEN-FU HSU. "Review of the species of Aclees described by Kȏno (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)." Zootaxa 4768, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4768.1.10.

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JAŁOSZYŃSKI, PAWEŁ. "Cephennomicrus Reitter (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae) of Japan and Taiwan: taxonomic notes, ten new species and comparative morphology of nomurai and taiwanensis species groups." Zootaxa 2145, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2145.1.1.

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Cephennomicrus Reitter, 1907 (Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae, Cephenniini) of Japan and Taiwan is revised. Four species groups are established for the following species: the nomurai group—C. nomurai (Jałoszyński & Hoshina, 2003) (Japan), C. hobbiti (Jałoszyński & Hoshina, 2003) (Japan), C. disjunctus (Jałoszyński, S. Arai & K. Arai, 2004) status n. (Japan), C. inflatus sp. n. (Taiwan), and C. crucifer sp. n. (Taiwan); the taiwanensis group—C. taiwanensis (Jałoszyński, 2004) (Taiwan), C. iriomotensis sp. n. (Japan), C. nagoanus sp. n. (Japan), C. tsurui sp. n. (Taiwan), C. delicatissimus sp. n. (Taiwan), and C. imago sp. n. (Taiwan); the japonigenus group—C. japonigenus (Jałoszyński & Hoshina, 2003) (Japan), and C. pseudojaponigenus sp. n. (Japan); the fujianus group—C. fujianus (Jałoszyński, 2005) (from China, not treated in this paper), and C. pseudofujianus sp. n. (Taiwan). Three species remain incertae sedis within the genus: C. okinawanus (Jałoszyński, S. Arai & K. Arai, 2004) (Japan), C. cactiformis (Jałoszyński & Hoshina, 2003) (Japan), and C. taitungensis sp. n. (Taiwan). Habitus of all treated species and aedeagi are illustrated. Detailed morphology of the nomurai and taiwanensis species groups was studied, described and illustrated based on disarticulated specimens of C. nomurai and C. delicatissimus. Comparative study suggests a separate position of the nomurai group as a subgenus or genus; however, Oriental Cephennomicrus must be studied in detail before formal taxonomic changes can be made.

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He, Tengxia, Qing Ye, Quan Sun, Xi Cai, Jiupai Ni, Zhenlun Li, and Deti Xie. "Removal of Nitrate in Simulated Water at Low Temperature by a Novel Psychrotrophic and Aerobic Bacterium, Pseudomonas taiwanensis Strain J." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4984087.

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Low temperatures and high pH generally inhibit the biodenitrification. Thus, it is important to explore the psychrotrophic and alkali-resisting microorganism for degradation of nitrogen. This research was mainly focused on the identification of a psychrotrophic strain and preliminary explored its denitrification characteristics. The new strain J was isolated using the bromothymol blue solid medium and identified as Pseudomonas taiwanensis on the basis of morphology and phospholipid fatty acid as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, which is further testified to work efficiently for removing nitrate from wastewater at low temperature circumstances. This is the first report that Pseudomonas taiwanensis possessed excellent tolerance to low temperature, with 15°C as its optimum and 5°C as viable. The Pseudomonas taiwanensis showed unusual ability of aerobic denitrification with the nitrate removal efficiencies of 100% at 15°C and 51.61% at 5°C. Single factor experiments showed that the optimal conditions for denitrification were glucose as carbon source, 15°C, shaking speed 150 r/min, C/N 15, pH≥7, and incubation quantity 2.0 × 106 CFU/mL. The nitrate and total nitrogen removal efficiencies were up to 100% and 93.79% at 15°C when glucose is served as carbon source. These results suggested that strain J had aerobic denitrification ability, as well as the notable ability to tolerate the low temperature and high pH.

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Gu, Jianfeng, Jiangling Wang, and Xianfeng Chen. "Description of Ektaphelenchus taiwanensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Ektaphelenchinae) found in packaging wood from Taiwan." Nematology 15, no. 3 (2013): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002676.

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Ektaphelenchus taiwanensis sp. n. is described and figured. The new species was isolated from pine packaging wood from Taiwan and inspected in Ningbo harbour, China, in 2009. Ektaphelenchus taiwanensis sp. n. is characterised by the lip region lacking a clear constriction separating it from the body contour, stylet relatively short (12-17 μm) and without basal knobs, and presence of three lines in the lateral field. The female post-uterine sac is less than a body diam. long, the rectum and anus are absent and the tail is conoid with a sharply pointed terminus. The male tail is conoid and has a hair-like mucron (0.5-2.5 μm), the spicules are mitten-shaped, 12.5-14.4 μm long (chord) and are smoothly curved with a prominent rounded condylus, prominent pointed rostrum, and broadly rounded distal end. There are three pairs of subventral caudal papillae. Ektaphelenchus taiwanensis sp. n. is similar to E. betulae, E. josephi, E. joyceae, E. prolobos, E. propora and E. tuerkorum from which it can be separated by a combination of various morphometric and morphological characters. The D2D3 LSU and partial SSU region sequences were analysed and aligned using ClustalW implemented in MEGA version 4.0. Phylogenetic trees were generated with the Neighbour Joining (NJ) method using the Tajima-Nei distance option. The feeding habit of the new species is briefly discussed.

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Daubech, Benoit, Verena Poinsot, Agnieszka Klonowska, Delphine Capela, Clémence Chaintreuil, Lionel Moulin, Marta Marchetti, and Catherine Masson-Boivin. "noeM, a New Nodulation Gene Involved in the Biosynthesis of Nod Factors with an Open-Chain Oxidized Terminal Residue and in the Symbiosis with Mimosa pudica." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 32, no. 12 (December 2019): 1635–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-06-19-0168-r.

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The β-rhizobium Cupriavidus taiwanensis is a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of Mimosa pudica. Nod factors produced by this species were previously found to be pentameric chitin-oligomers carrying common C18:1 or C16:0 fatty acyl chains, N-methylated and C-6 carbamoylated on the nonreducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine and sulfated on the reducing terminal residue. Here, we report that, in addition, C. taiwanensis LMG19424 produces molecules where the reducing sugar is open and oxidized. We identified a novel nodulation gene located on the symbiotic plasmid pRalta, called noeM, which is involved in this atypical Nod factor structure. noeM encodes a transmembrane protein bearing a fatty acid hydroxylase domain. This gene is expressed during symbiosis with M. pudica and requires NodD and luteolin for optimal expression. The closest noeM homologs formed a separate phylogenetic clade containing rhizobial genes only, which are located on symbiosis plasmids downstream from a nod box. Corresponding proteins, referred to as NoeM, may have specialized in symbiosis via the connection to the nodulation pathway and the spread in rhizobia. noeM was mostly found in isolates of the Mimoseae tribe, and specifically detected in all tested strains able to nodulate M. pudica. A noeM deletion mutant of C. taiwanensis was affected for the nodulation of M. pudica, confirming the role of noeM in the symbiosis with this legume.

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WANG, TAO, POWEI CHEN, and FUMING SHI. "Two new species of the tribe Meconematini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from Taiwan." Zootaxa 4564, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.13.

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This paper describes two new species of the tettigoniid subfamily Meconematinae from Taiwan, i.e. Phlugiolopsis (Phlugiolopsis?) taiwanensis sp. nov. and Xiphidiopsis (Xiphidiopsis) trifoliata sp. nov., and supplies the descriptions and illustrations.

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Cheng, Yu-Rong, Kaori Wakabayashi, and Yen-Ju Pan. "Choniomyzon taiwanensis n. sp. (Crustacea: Copepoda: Nicothoidae) Parasitic on the External Egg Mass of the Longlegged Spiny Lobster Panulirus longipes longipes (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palinuridae) from Taiwanese Waters." Animals 11, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 2475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082475.

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Choniomyzon taiwanensis n. sp. is described based on specimens collected from examining external egg masses of spiny lobster Panulirus longipes longipes (Milne-Edwards, 1868), obtained from Hualien, Taiwan. The new species differs from its congeners in possessing the following characteristics: (1) small prosome (about 0.84 mm); (2) armature of antennule being 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1+1 (aesthetasc), 4, 6+1 (aesthetasc); (3) five-segmented antenna; (4) second segment of antenna bearing 1 inner seta; (5) two-segmented maxilla. Based on the evidence of distinctive morphological features and host preference, Choniomyzon taiwanensis n. sp. is a new species. Until now, four species of Choniomyzon have been known living on decapods, and the new species reported here is the first record of Choniomyzon species from spiny lobster in Taiwanese waters.

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Selivanova, O. V., O. P. Negrobov, and D. Yang. "Redescription of the holotype of Lichtwardtia formosana (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with new data on its synonymy." Zoosystematica Rossica 19, no. 1 (July 15, 2010): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2010.19.1.143.

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The type specimens Lichtwardtia formosana Enderlein, 1912 is redescribed, including a study of morphology of the hypopygium. The species L. taiwanensis Zhang, Masunaga & Yang, 2009 is considered as a synonym of L. formosana.

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Chen, W. J. "The Life Cycle of Ascogregarina taiwanensis (Apicomplexa: Lecudinidae)." Parasitology Today 15, no. 4 (April 1999): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4758(99)01418-0.

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Kämpfer, P., A. B. Arun, Chiu-Chung Young, P. D. Rekha, K. Martin, H. J. Busse, and Wen-Ming Chen. "Microbulbifer taiwanensis sp. nov., isolated from coastal soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_10 (October 1, 2012): 2485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.034512-0.

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A Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod (CC-LN1-12T) was isolated from coastal soil samples of Lutao Island (Green Island), Taiwan, and its taxonomic position was studied. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that isolate CC-LN1-12T was grouped into the Microbulbifer cluster, with the highest similarities to Microbulbifer okinawensis ABABA23T (97.9 %), Microbulbifer maritimus TF-17T (97.7 %) and Microbulbifer donghaiensis CN85T (97.7 %), similarities to all other species of the genus Microbulbifer were lower than 96.8 %. The polyamine pattern contained the major compounds spermidine and cadaverine. The fatty acid profile, comprising the major fatty acids iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, C18 : 1ω7c and iso-C11 : 0 3-OH as the major hydroxylated fatty acid, supported the affiliation of strain CC-LN1-12T to the genus Microbulbifer . DNA–DNA hybridizations between strain CC-LN1-12T and Microbulbifer okinawensis ABABA23T, M. donghaiensis CN85T and M. maritimus JCM 12187T resulted in relatedness values of 21.5 % (14.3 %, reciprocal analysis), 35.9 % (48.5 %, reciprocal analysis) and 48.1 % (52.1 %, reciprocal analysis), respectively. From these data, as well as from physiological and biochemical tests, strain CC-LN1-12T could be clearly differentiated from the most closely related species of the genus Microbulbifer . It is concluded that strain CC-LN1-12T represents a novel species, for which the name Microbulbifer taiwanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-LN1-12T ( = LMG 26125T = CCM 7856T).

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Schmutzler, Karolin, Octavia Natascha Kracht, Andreas Schmid, and Katja Buehler. "Trophic regulation of autoaggregation in Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 100, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-7006-2.

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Xu, Xin-Rui, Song-Dong Zhou, and Xiao-Qing Shi. "The complete chloroplast genome of Hibiscus Taiwanensis (Malvaceae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 2533–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2019.1640084.

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41

Wang, Mengqing, Ding Yang, and Patrick Grootaert. "Two new species of the genus Teuchophorus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Taiwan." Entomologica Fennica 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84295.

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Two species are described as new to science from Taiwan: Teuchophorus elongatus sp. n. and T. taiwanensis sp. n. Currently three Teuchophorus species are known from Taiwan. A key is given to help identify the Chinese species.

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FU, YUE, and XINHUA WANG. "Four new species of Nanocladius Kieffer from Oriental China (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae)." Zootaxa 1985, no. 1 (January 21, 2009): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1985.1.4.

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Four new species of Nanocladius Kieffer, 1913 from Oriental China, N. (N.) baltus, N. (N.) calvatus, N. (N.) taiwanensis, and N. (N.) trinus are described and illustrated as males. A key to the males of the Chinese Nanocladius is provided.

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Zhang, Jiarong, Xiandong Xue, Lin Liu, Xuyun Qiu, and Qiang Ren. "Lepra yunlingensis and L. taiwanensis spp. nov. from China." Mycotaxon 136, no. 4 (February 8, 2022): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/136.779.

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Two new species of Lepra are described from China: L. yunlingensis is characterized by its 2-spored asci and the presence of norstictic and cryptostictic acids; L. taiwanensis is characterized by its 1-spored asci and the presence of barbatic acid.

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Kämpfer, Peter, Chiu-Chung Young, A. B. Arun, Fo-Ting Shen, Udo Jäckel, Ramon Rosselló-Mora, Wei-An Lai, and P. D. Rekha. "Pseudolabrys taiwanensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 2469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64124-0.

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A Gram-negative, short rod-shaped micro-organism (CC-BB4T) was isolated on nutrient agar from soil from Sinshe in Taichung County, Taiwan. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence demonstrated that this isolate was novel, as it showed <92 % similarity to the sequences of species of the genera Labrys, Beijerinckia and Methylocystis. The micro-organism did not utilize methylamine or methanol as a substrate, but was able to use several organic acids. The fatty acid profile was different from those reported for the genera Labrys, Beijerinckia, Methylocystis, Angulomicrobium, Methylorhabdus and Methyloarcula. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data, strain CC-BB4T represents a novel genus, for which the name Pseudolabrys gen. nov. is proposed. The type species is Pseudolabrys taiwanensis sp. nov., and the type strain of P. taiwanensis is CC-BB4T (=CCUG 51779T=CIP 108932T).

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N., RAMYA, and NARESH M. MESHRAM. "New record of the genus Bambusiphaga (Hemiptera: Delphacidae: Tropidocephalini) from India with description of a new species." Zootaxa 4658, no. 1 (August 21, 2019): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.13.

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The genus Bambusiphaga Huang & Ding is recorded from India for the first time and one new species B. unispina sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to B. taiwanensis (Muir) but can be separated by the male genitalic structure.

46

Liu, Xing, Jing-Yuan Wang, and Qing-Feng Wang. "Current status and conservation strategies for Isoetes in China: a case study for the conservation of threatened aquatic plants." Oryx 39, no. 3 (May 6, 2005): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605305000712.

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There are four known species of Isoetes (Family Isoetaceae) from China: I. hypsophila, I. sinensis and I. yunguiensis on the mainland, and I. taiwanensis on Taiwan. In a 4-year study we documented the distribution and habitat characteristics of all four species and evaluated their conservation status using IUCN criteria. All four species are facing a high risk of extinction and should be categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Habitat degradation and loss, water pollution and eutrophication, competitive exclusion, and human disturbance are the main factors causing the decline and extirpation of Isoetes. Only I. taiwanensis is protected in situ in Yangmingshan National Park on Taiwan. None of the species or habitats of Isoetes on mainland China are presently protected, although all species have been designated by the government as State Key Protected Wild Plants. Our results suggest that conservation strategies should be implemented urgently, particularly on the mainland.

47

Kim, Byung-Yong, Hang-Yeon Weon, Seung-Hee Yoo, Wen-Ming Chen, Soon-Wo Kwon, Seung-Joo Go, and Erko Stackebrandt. "Chitinimonas koreensis sp. nov., isolated from greenhouse soil in Korea." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64163-0.

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Strain R2A43-10T was isolated from a greenhouse soil in Korea. Cells were Gram-negative rods, motile by means of a single flagellum. Growth occurred at 10–40 °C and at pH 5–8. Ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) was the only respiratory lipoquinone. Major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and C16 : 0. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain R2A43-10T was closely related to Chitinimonas taiwanensis cfT (sequence similarity of 94.8 %), but it exhibited low sequence similarities (<92 %) to other members of the Betaproteobacteria. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain R2A43-10T was 65.0 mol%. The novel isolate could be differentiated from C. taiwanensis cfT by several physiological properties. On the basis of genomic and phenotypic data, it is concluded that R2A43-10T (=KACC 11467T=DSM 17726T) is the type strain of a novel species of the genus Chitinimonas, for which the name Chitinimonas koreensis sp. nov. is proposed.

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Chu, Man-Hsiu, Sui-Wen Hsiao, Yu-Chen Kao, Hwa-Wen Yin, Yueh-Hsiung Kuo, and Ching-Kuo Lee. "Cytotoxicity Effect of Constituents of Pinus taiwanensis Hayata Twigs on B16-F10 Melanoma Cells." Molecules 27, no. 9 (April 23, 2022): 2731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092731.

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Pinus taiwanensis Hayata (Pinaceae) is an endemic plant in Taiwan. According to the Chinese Materia Medica Grand Dictionary, the Pinus species is mainly used to relieve pain, and eliminate pus and toxicity. In this study, nineteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate layer of the ethanolic extract of P. taiwanensis Hayata twigs using bioassay-guided fractionation, and their anti-melanoma effects were investigated through a B16-F10 mouse melanoma cell model. The structures of the purified compounds were identified by 2D-NMR, MS, and IR, including 1 triterpenoid, 9 diterpenoids, 2 lignans, 4 phenolics, 1 phenylpropanoid, 1 flavonoid, and 1 steroid. Among them, compound 3 was found to be a new diterpene. Some of the compounds (2, 5, 6, 17, 18) showed moderate cytotoxicity effects. On the other hand, the anti-melanoma effect was no better than that from the original ethyl acetate layer. We presumed it resulted from the synergistic effect, although further experimentation needs to be performed.

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Wang, Ching-Chiung, Hsyeh-Fang Chen, Jin-Yi Wu, and Lih-Geeng Chen. "Stability of Principal Hydrolysable Tannins from Trapa taiwanensis Hulls." Molecules 24, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020365.

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The fruit and hulls of the water caltrop (Trapa taiwanensis Nakai) are used as hepatoprotective herbal tea ingredients in Taiwan. The stability of hydrolysable tannins in herbal drinks has rarely been reported. In the present study, two hydrolysable tannins, tellimagrandin II (TGII) and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucopyranose (PGG), were isolated from water caltrop hulls. The stability of the two compounds was evaluated by treatment with various pH buffer solutions, simulated gastric fluid and intestinal fluid, different temperatures, and photo-irradiation at 352 nm in different solvents. Results showed that TGII and PGG were more stable in a pH 2.0 buffer solution (with 91.88% remaining) and in a water solution with 352 nm irradiation (with 95% remaining). TGII and PGG were more stable in methanol or ethanol solutions (with >93.69% remaining) than in an aqueous solution (with <43.52% remaining) at 100 °C. In simulated gastric fluid, more than 96% of the hydrolysable tannins remained after incubation at 37 °C for 4 h. However, these hydrolysable tannins were unstable in simulated intestinal fluid, as after incubation at 37 °C for 9 h, the content of TGII had decreased to 31.40% and of PGG to 12.46%. The synthetic antioxidants, butyl hydroxy anisole (BHA), di-butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT), and propyl gallate, did not exhibit photoprotective effects on these hydrolysable tannins. However, catechin, a natural antioxidant, displayed a weak photoprotective effect. Ascorbic acid had a short-term thermal-protective effect but not a long-term protective effect. The different stability properties of hydrolysable tannins in solutions can be used in the development of related herbal teas in the future.

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Chen, Yi-sheng, Yu-hsuan Lin, Shwu-fen Pan, Si-hua Ji, Yu-chung Chang, Chi-rong Yu, Min-shiuan Liou, et al. "Enterococcus saccharolyticus subsp. taiwanensis subsp. nov., isolated from broccoli." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_12 (December 1, 2013): 4691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.052761-0.

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A coccal strain isolated from fresh broccoli was initially identified as Enterococcus saccharolyticus ; however, molecular identification and phenotypic traits did not support this identification. DNA–DNA hybridization with the type strain of E. saccharolyticus (76.4 % relatedness), DNA G+C content (35.7 mol%), phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, pheS and rpoA gene sequences, rep-PCR fingerprinting and profiles of cellular fatty acids, whole-cell proteins and enzyme activities, together with carbohydrate metabolism characteristics, indicated that this strain is distinct and represents a novel subspecies, for which the name Enterococcus saccharolyticus subsp. taiwanensis subsp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 812T ( = NBRC 109476T = BCRC 80575T). Furthermore, we present an emended description of Enterococcus saccharolyticus and proposal of Enterococcus saccharolyticus subsp. saccharolyticus subsp. nov. (type strain ATCC 43076T = CCUG 27643T = CCUG 33311T = CIP 103246T = DSM 20726T = JCM 8734T = LMG 11427T = NBRC 100493T = NCIMB 702594T).

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