Готові списки джерел за темами / Target group and information architecture

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Target group and information architecture"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 15 вересня 2021

Оновлено: 11 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Target group and information architecture":

Voronova, O. V., and I. V. Il’in. "Adapting TOGAF ADM to the Development and Implementation of Architectural Solutions in FMCG Chain Retailing." Economics and Management, no. 7 (September 15, 2019): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2019-7-97-107.

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The presented study adapts the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) to the development and implementation of architectural solutions in FMCG chain retailing.Aim. The study aims to adapt TOGAF ADM to the development and implementation of architectural solutions in FMCG chain retailing.Tasks. The authors formulate a deﬁnition of FMCG chain retailing architecture, determine the detail levels of architectural solutions, develop a basic architecture model, and examine the transition from the basic towards the target architecture. Building an efﬁcient architectural solution for FMCG chain retailing enterprises using ADM requires creating a functional model and identifying groups of architectural areas for consistent architecture construction.Methods. The architecture of FMCG chain retailing is an efﬁcient planning tool that combines the IT architecture of chain retailing with business architecture and makes it possible to achieve the strategic objectives of chain retailing. By developing an architectural solution, it becomes possible to determine business structure, systematize information for efﬁcient business operations, build a map of the company’s business processes, and identify appropriate technologies to support these processes. The preliminary phase of building an architecture begins with the development of the business concept of a chain retailing company based on a business model. Starting with the preliminary phase, the working group launches an architecture project, goes through all the phases from the ﬁrst stage to the last, and then launches the next project.Results. ADM TOGAF does not necessarily involve planning methods, which is why the result largely depends on the opinion of the working group. During TOGAF ADM activity, particular attention should be paid to the analysis of factors that affect the implementation and planned changes. Architecture blocks and architecture roadmap are two important elements of the development process. After analyzing the differences between the basic and the target architecture models (gap analysis), it is necessary to identify transient, excludable, and input architecture blocks, set and harmonize similar requirements for similar business processes, specify risks, and develop a strategy for the implementation of the target architecture. When making decisions, special attention should be paid to the priority of the chosen architectural solutions, formation of transit architectures (if necessary), and development of a plan for the implementation of the architectural roadmap in FMCG chain retailing.Conclusions. In the context of reengineering business processes of chain retailing companies, the most solid basis for building architectural solutions using ADM would be the company’s functional model. The proposed ADM adaptation on the basis of the functional model signiﬁcantly increases the efﬁ-ciency of development and management of architecture development for FMCG chain retailing companies.

Hasan, H., and E. Gould. "Activity-based Knowledge Management Systems." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 02, no. 02 (June 2003): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649203000048.

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This paper explores the design of computer-based systems that support the management of organisational knowledge. The information systems notions of databases and information architectures are extended to the search for a meaningful conceptual structure by which collective knowledge can be supported by existing information technologies. An "architecture" is presented where the key unit of analysis is human activity as proposed by the cultural–historical activity theory. This architecture has the richness of the activity theory philosophy and yet addresses the issues of practical implementation from both the technical and organisational perspectives. The paper articulates the architecture and also reports on a study where its effectiveness was evaluation by a target group. An implementation of the architecture is also introduced.

Shima, Tal, Steven J. Rasmussen, and Phillip Chandler. "UAV Team Decision and Control Using Efficient Collaborative Estimation." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 129, no. 5 (April 21, 2007): 609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2764504.

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A novel decision-estimation methodology for a team of agents cooperating under communication imperfections is presented. The scenario of interest is that of a group of uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAVs) cooperatively performing, under communication delays, multiple tasks on multiple ground targets. In the proposed architecture, each UAV in the group runs an identical centralized decision algorithm and multiple information filters in parallel on its own states, its teammates’ states, and its own states as viewed by its teammates. Under perfect information, the decision architecture allows implicit coordination. Under imperfect information, the estimation of team members’ states enables predicting their cost to prosecute new tasks. Thus, the group performance under communication imperfections can be improved. Two different algorithms are proposed for the estimation process. The first is communication efficient, in which asynchronous information updates are sent to the network by individual members based on the value of the information to the rest of the group. The second is computation efficient utilizing synchronous information updates. Taking into account that the plan and plant of each UAV are known to the group improves the overall estimation process. Utilizing the MULTIUAV2 simulation testbed, a Monte Carlo study is presented. The benefit of using the proposed algorithms is shown with regard to the target prosecution rate and the communication bandwidth required for cooperation.

Brophy, Peter. "Evaluating the Joint Information Systems Committee's Information Environment: the EDNER and EDNER+ projects." VINE 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03055720410699928.

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Purpose. Reports on findings of work concerning the use of the JISC information environment by students, considering how information environments are related to the working environments of their users. Design/methodology/approach. CERLIM at Manchester Metropolitan University, partnered by CSALT (the Centre for Studies in Advanced Learning Technologies) at Lancaster University, has brought to bear perspectives from both information management and educational research. During 2003 to 2004 the scope of the evaluation was broadened to include all of the JISC development activity in the information environment area and has been extended to the further education sector: this is known as EDNER+. Findings. The use of quality attributes approaches can provide clues as to what it is about a service which is creating dissatisfaction among the users. Research limitations/implications. Coupled with other findings about “satisficing” behaviours, the findings are suggestive of some of the key areas which need to be given attention. They also support a finding from this and other work in EDNER/EDNER+, namely that to students internet search engines in general and Google in particular represent a benchmark of “good”. Practical implications. Given that use of bibliographic services is uniformly low among undergraduate students, and that the use of OPACs is variable, IE service developers will have to work very hard to produce services which gain acceptance among this group of users. Since IE includes further education students among its target user groups, it will be critical to address the full range of attributes against the needs of this group, as well as the higher education group, in future service design. Originality/value. Using a wide range of methodologies the team has explored the outcomes of a large number of projects funded by the JISC, as well as examining the architecture and rollout of the information environment itself.

Maliha, Mohammed N., Bassam A. Tayeh, and Yazan I. Abu Aisheh. "Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Enhancing the Applying of Knowledge Areas in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry." Open Civil Engineering Journal 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 388–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149502014010388.

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Background: The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is one of the sectors that contribute the most to the Palestinian economy. However, it now suffers from many problems, one of which is not adopting new innovations, such as Building Information Modeling (BIM). BIM recently achieved far reaching consideration in the AEC industry. Aim: This research aimed to understand the contribution of BIM to the enhancement and application of Knowledge Areas (KAs) in the AEC industry in Palestine. Methods: A quantitative survey was utilized in the pilot study. Thirty copies of the questionnaire were dispersed to respondents from the target group. The completed questionnaires were analyzed to test for statistical validity and reliability. After the pilot study, the questionnaire was validated and dispersed to the entire sample, comprising respondents from the target group who were selected by convenience sampling. Eighty copies of the questionnaire were dispersed, and 71 copies of the questionnaire were obtained from the respondents with a response rate of 88.8%. Results: To draw meaningful results, the gathered information was analyzed by utilizing quantitative data analysis techniques, including the RII, Pearson correlation analysis, and Factor analysis. Conclusion: The results illustrated the extent of enhancing the application of KAs in the AEC industry using BIM technology from the highest to lowest as follows: Cost Management (CM), Time Management (TM), Resource Management (REM), Procurement Management (PROM), Scope Management (SCM), Stakeholder Management (STM), Integration Management (IM), Quality Management (QM), Communication Management (COM), Risk Management (RM), and Safety Management (SM). As an example, BIM is effectively applied to each KA, and high efficiency is achieved when BIM is applied to TM by 4D modeling; to CM by 5D modeling; to REM by collaboration; to PROM by quantity takeoff; to SCM by element-base; to STM and IM by using integrated project delivery; to QM by using clash detection; to COM by centralized, structured data management, and information flow; to RM by constructability; and to SM by automated safety code checking.

Menard, Daniel, Nicolas Herve, Olivier Sentieys, and Hai-Nam Nguyen. "High-Level Synthesis under Fixed-Point Accuracy Constraint." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/906350.

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Implementing signal processing applications in embedded systems generally requires the use of fixed-point arithmetic. The main problem slowing down the hardware implementation flow is the lack of high-level development tools to target these architectures from algorithmic specification language using floating-point data types. In this paper, a new method to automatically implement a floating-point algorithm into an FPGA or an ASIC using fixed-point arithmetic is proposed. An iterative process on high-level synthesis and data word-length optimization is used to improve both of these dependent processes. Indeed, high-level synthesis requires operator word-length knowledge to correctly execute its allocation, scheduling, and resource binding steps. Moreover, the word-length optimization requires resource binding and scheduling information to correctly group operations. To dramatically reduce the optimization time compared to fixed-point simulation-based methods, the accuracy evaluation is done through an analytical method. Different experiments on signal processing algorithms are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed method. Compared to classical methods, the average architecture area reduction is between 10% and 28%.

Doborjeh, Zohreh, Maryam Doborjeh, Mark Crook-Rumsey, Tamasin Taylor, Grace Y. Wang, David Moreau, Christian Krägeloh, et al. "Interpretability of Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Brain Processes Followed by Mindfulness Intervention in a Brain-Inspired Spiking Neural Network Architecture." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 21, 2020): 7354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247354.

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Mindfulness training is associated with improvements in psychological wellbeing and cognition, yet the specific underlying neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning these changes are uncertain. This study uses a novel brain-inspired artificial neural network to investigate the effect of mindfulness training on electroencephalographic function. Participants completed a 4-tone auditory oddball task (that included targets and physically similar distractors) at three assessment time points. In Group A (n = 10), these tasks were given immediately prior to 6-week mindfulness training, immediately after training and at a 3-week follow-up; in Group B (n = 10), these were during an intervention waitlist period (3 weeks prior to training), pre-mindfulness training and post-mindfulness training. Using a spiking neural network (SNN) model, we evaluated concurrent neural patterns generated across space and time from features of electroencephalographic data capturing the neural dynamics associated with the event-related potential (ERP). This technique capitalises on the temporal dynamics of the shifts in polarity throughout the ERP and spatially across electrodes. Findings support anteriorisation of connection weights in response to distractors relative to target stimuli. Right frontal connection weights to distractors were associated with trait mindfulness (positively) and depression (inversely). Moreover, mindfulness training was associated with an increase in connection weights to targets (bilateral frontal, left frontocentral, and temporal regions only) and distractors. SNN models were superior to other machine learning methods in the classification of brain states as a function of mindfulness training. Findings suggest SNN models can provide useful information that differentiates brain states based on distinct task demands and stimuli, as well as changes in brain states as a function of psychological intervention.

Herpers, R., and G. Sommer. "Discrimination of Facial Regions Based on Dynamic Grids of Point Representations." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 12, no. 04 (June 1998): 381–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001498000257.

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The application of an elastic graph-matching approach to discriminate facial image regions is presented. In contrast to the dynamic link architecture introduced by the Malsburg group, our application is not an identification task but a classification task. Therefore, our approach differs in several important aspects: (1) the choice of the filter set, (2) the selection of the positions of the nodes of the graph to represent the characteristic image information, (3) the generation of a representative reference pattern needed for the calculation of the classifications, and (4) a new two-step graph-matching approach based on the simulated annealing technique. The approach was tested on facial regions taking the eye region as an example target. A classification performance for the verification of eye regions of more than 93% was achieved.

Spyridis, Yannis, Thomas Lagkas, Panagiotis Sarigiannidis, Vasileios Argyriou, Antonios Sarigiannidis, George Eleftherakis, and Jie Zhang. "Towards 6G IoT: Tracing Mobile Sensor Nodes with Deep Learning Clustering in UAV Networks." Sensors 21, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 3936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113936.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the role of flying anchor nodes have been proposed to assist the localisation of terrestrial Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and provide relay services in the context of the upcoming 6G networks. This paper considered the objective of tracing a mobile IoT device of unknown location, using a group of UAVs that were equipped with received signal strength indicator (RSSI) sensors. The UAVs employed measurements of the target’s radio frequency (RF) signal power to approach the target as quickly as possible. A deep learning model performed clustering in the UAV network at regular intervals, based on a graph convolutional network (GCN) architecture, which utilised information about the RSSI and the UAV positions. The number of clusters was determined dynamically at each instant using a heuristic method, and the partitions were determined by optimising an RSSI loss function. The proposed algorithm retained the clusters that approached the RF source more effectively, removing the rest of the UAVs, which returned to the base. Simulation experiments demonstrated the improvement of this method compared to a previous deterministic approach, in terms of the time required to reach the target and the total distance covered by the UAVs.

Pervan, Graham. "How Chief Executive Officers in Large Organizations View the Management of their Information Systems." Journal of Information Technology 13, no. 2 (June 1998): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629801300203.

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As part of a research programme on key information systems (IS) management issues, a survey of Australasia's largest organizations was conducted to identify which issues were perceived by their chief executive officers (CEOs) as being important, problematic and critical over the next 3–5 years. The results reported are based on a moderate response rate (though perhaps reasonable for the target group) but formal testing showed an absence of non-response bias. The most critical issues were revealed to be a mix of technology management issues (managing and measuring the effectiveness of the information technology (IT) infrastructure, and disaster recovery), strategic management issues (business process redesign, competitive advantage, and information architecture), people and support management issues (organizational learning, and executive and decision support) and systems development and data management issues (effective use of the data resource and effectiveness of software development). This reflects their interest in a wide range of issues, but all with an organization-wide focus. The non-critical issues were mostly related to the individual technologies and the place and role of IS in the organization. While the CEOs showed some agreement with their chief information officers (CIOs) on issues such as the IT infrastructure, competitive advantage and organizational learning, some distinct differences exist, particularly in relation to the quality and effectiveness of systems and processes and also how CEOs and CIOs perceive the IT knowledge of the CEOs.

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Дисертації з теми "Target group and information architecture":

Dawit, Milkias. "Vad gör Legimus webbplats användarvänlig? : En fallstudie om vad studenterna på Högskolan Dalarna anser göra www.legimus.se användarvänlig." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för information och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-38087.

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Legimus är ett online bibliotek som tillhör Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier. Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier arbetar för att ge männi-skor med olika förutsättningar tillgång till litteratur och samhällsin-formation. Legimus är ett verktyg som används för att ge människor med läsnedsättningar tillgång till litteratur. Legimus har en webbplats som användare kan få tillgången att läsa litteratur på. Som ett viktigt koncept i inom interaktionen mellan människan och da-torn påverkar användbarheten och webbplatsens användarvänlighet besökarens upplevelse. På grund av detta fokuserar detta arbete på an-vändarvänligheten på Legimus webbplats. Syftet med detta arbete är att göra en fallstudie kring vad som gör Legi-mus användarvänlig samt att fokusera på vald målgrupp för att ta reda på svårigheter och vad de förväntar sig av användningen av den valda webbplatsen. Den valda frågeställningen är följande: Har Legimus lyck-ats attrahera sin prioriterade målgrupp hos studenterna på Högskolan Dalarna med webbsidans design och användarvänlighet. För att utföra detta arbete har en kvalitativ metod valts där studenter på Högskolan Dalarna intervjuas, därefter analyseras resultaten med hjälp av fyra teman som intervjufrågorna är uppdelade i. Resultatet visar att respondenterna hade olika uppfattningar kring an-vändarvänligheten. En del respondenter ansåg webbplatsen vara otydlig till en början, men med tiden lärt sig använda webbplatsen. Majoriteten av respondenterna ansåg webbsidan vara enkel samt tydlig. Responden-terna fick möjligheten att ta fram deras egna synpunkter angående webbplatsen. Där hade majoriteten av respondenterna förslag på för-bättringar av webbsidans design. Den slutsats som dragit är inte att respondenterna upplevt webbsidans design lockande. Respondenterna ansåg att de hade använts sig av webbplatsen även om designen var sämre med tanke på behovet av Le-gimus verktyg. Majoriteten av användarna ansåg att webbplatsen var användarvänlig men för att säkerställa min slutsats avslutades intervjun med frågan om respondenterna ansåg webbplatsen vara användarvän-lig. Samtliga respondenterna ansåg den vara användarvänlig, vilket stär-ker min slutsats.
Legimus is an online library owned by the Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier. Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier provides people with dif-ferent circumstances the access to public literature and information. Legimus is a tool that enables people with reading difficulties to access literature. Legimus has a website where users can read the literature. As an important concept in the interaction between man and computer, the usability and user-friendliness of the website affects the visitor's ex-perience. Because of this, this work focuses on the user-friendliness of the Legimus website. The purpose of this work is to do a case study on what makes Legimus user-friendly and to focus on the selected target group to find out diffi-culties and what they expect from the use of the selected website. The chosen question is as follows: Has Legimus succeeded in attracting its priority target group of the students at Dalarna University with the web-site's design and user-friendliness. To carry out this work, a qualitative method has been chosen where stu-dents at Dalarna University are interviewed, after which the results are analysed with the help of four themes into which the interview ques-tions are divided. The results show that the respondents had different views on user-friendliness. Some respondents considered the website to be unclear at first, but over time learned to use the website. Most of the respondents considered the website to be simple and clear. The respondents were given the opportunity to express their own views regarding the website. There, most respondents had suggestions for improvements to the de-sign of the website. The conclusion drawn is not that the respondents found the website's design attractive. The respondents considered that they had used the website even if the design was worse given the need for Legimus webpage. Most of the users considered the website to be user-friendly, but to ensure my conclusion, the interview ended with the question of whether the respondents considered the website to be user-friendly. All the respondents considered it to be user-friendly, which strengthens my conclusion.

Nyberg, Kristina. "Improving the information architecture at Boliden Group." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240607.

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Architects design physical structures to allow visitors to perform certain actions. The same idea can be applied to the digital landscape [18]. Physical architectural design of spaces for employees within the metals industry influence and improve productivity [14], whereas a suboptimal intranet design can cause decreased productivity in a digital landscape [20]. During an IT conference in June 2018, it was established that 75% of enterprise cloud-based system users consider the complexity of implementation or operations top obstacles to usage. Productivity, efficiency, and consideration for people are strategic values at Boliden Group AB [22], yet the internal Document Management System (DMS) indicated the opposite to be true. The DMS was thus analyzed using Information Architecture (IA) principles; context, content, and users [3], through a case study including (3) stakeholder and (1) expert interviews, an internal questionnaire with 631 respondents, external State-of-the-Art (SoA) analysis including sketch and (4) interviews and a final survey with 35 respondents. Results indicated inconclusive policies concerning education in Information Systems (IS); problematic DMS user interface (UI) and branding; IS restriction to Microsoft (MS) Office365 and a desire to use Sharepoint increasingly. The overall impression indicated desire to follow the strategy at Boliden Group AB, through well defined methods and goals, and focus on simplifying processes. The State-of-the-Art analysis identified success factors organization, emails, publishing, tools, and findability. Recommendations propose to leverage impressions particularly regarding strategy, UI and training. Improvements to the IA should be done following complementary user-focused research in two steps; Search-log analysis followed by Contextual inquiry. Applied improvements from the State-of-the-Art analysis were visualized in a sketch that can, collectively with future user insights, be used to inspire a developed Digital Workplace with Sharepoint UI and more intuitive document management for the common user, in order to provide simplifying recommendations for improved IAand productivity.
Arkitekter designar fysiska strukturer för besökare ska kunna utföra vissa handlingar. Samma idé kan tillämpas på det digitala landskapet [18]. Utformning av fysiska utrymmen för anställda inom metallindustrin har visats förbättra produktivitet [14]; en suboptimal design av intranät kan däremot leda till minskad produktivitet i ett digitalt landskap [20]. Under en IT-konferens i juni 2018 fastställdes att 75% av företags molnbaserade systemanvändare anser att komplexitet i genomförande eller daglig verksamhet de största hindren till användning. Produktivitet, effektivitet och hänsyn till människor är strategiska värderingar hos Boliden Group AB [22], men det interna dokumenthanteringssystemet (DMS) talade för det motsatta. DMS analyserades därför med applicerade InformationsArkitekturs(IA) -principer; sammanhang, innehåll och användare [3]. Resultaten indikerade otydliga policies avseende utbildning i informationssystem (IS); problematiskt DMS, speciellt avseende användargränssnitt (UI) och branding; Begränsning till MS (Microsoft) Office365, med vilja att använda Sharepoint; State-of-the-art (SoA) -analys framgångsfaktorer organisering, e-post, publicering, verktyg och tillgänglighet; konsekvent helhetsintryck av en önskan att följa strategin på Boliden Group AB genom väldefinierade metoder och mål, och fokus på förenklande processer. Rekommendationer till följd av detta föreslår att särskilt utnyttja intryck gällande strategi, UI och utbildning. Förbättringar av IA bör göras efter kompletterande användarfokuserad forskning i två steg; Search-log analysis (sökloggsanalys) följt av Contextual inquiry (kontextuell undersökning). Tillämpade förbättringar från SoA-analysen visualiserades i en attrapp som tillsammans med framtida användarinsikter kan användas för att inspirera en utvecklad Digital Workplace med Sharepoint UI och mer intuitiv dokumenthantering för användare, för att förenklarekommendationer för förbättrad IA och produktivitet.

Zunko, Jenny. "In Google we trust : The information-seeking behaviour of Swedish upper secondary school students." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-13093.

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This study uses focus groups and a questionnaire to examine the information-seeking behaviours of Swedish upper secondary school students. Focus group interviews were conducted among students aged 17-20 at four Swedish upper secondary schools in two different cities. The interviews focused on how the informants themselves experienced their information seeking. In addition, a survey focused on the opinions of upper secondary school teachers regarding the source use of their students. The research questions considered were: What kind of information-seeking behaviour characterizes Swedish upper secondary school students? What kind of information do Swedish upper secondary school students seek when it comes to issues where corporations can be of assistance? How do Swedish upper secondary school students prefer to have information presented? The results of the study provided some valuable insights concerning these questions. The students turned out to use the Internet, and most often Google, in much of their information seeking. However, human contact in the form of face-to-face conversations or presentations was also considered highly important. Furthermore, the information-seeking skills, or information literacy, of secondary school students are not emphasized in their education. The study was performed in cooperation with AstraZeneca in the hope of the results providing the company with valuable information regarding one of their intended target groups.

FISHER, GARY LEE. "A SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE FOR STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT SUPPORT SYSTEMS UTILIZING INTERACTIVE GRAPHICS (STAKEHOLDER, REUSABLE CODE, GROUP DECISION SUPPORT)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183818.

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A software architecture for strategic-management support-systems is developed, with an underlying principle that new additions to the library of planning tools in such support systems should not have to be new programming efforts. The current status of group decision support is surveyed and the lack of a software architecture for such systems is noted. The software architecture that has been developed is intended to guide the development of such support systems and is based on a library of procedural abstractions called elemental-engines. Selected sets of elemental-engines are assembled into synthesized support drivers which support an even higher level of abstraction, that of the generic logic supporting a family of planning tools. Thus, a family of planning tools may be expanded by the simple creation of text files, containing the dialog of the new tool. The work looks first at the nature of strategic management decision-making, then to work done in group decision support systems. A framework for software development, particularly in the area of list-processing is presented. A data structure to support such list processing is developed and discussed. An example of the software architecture is presented via the code for the initial planning-tool developed. This code was then generalized into the library of elemental-engines and a set of synthesized support drivers. This library of planning-tools, built around the architecture is described, and the use of the tools in a planning session is evaluated. Some possible extensions with respect to a decision laboratory are suggested. The laboratory incorporates features developed in the evolution of using computers to support human decision-making, with software written according to the architecture presented.

Pryor, Jameau R., and Ballard V. Johnson. "A study of the IEEE 802.16 MAC Layer and its utility in augmenting the ADNS Architecture to provide adaptable intra-strike group high-speed packet switched data, imagery, and voice communications." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1977.

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This research evaluates the Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) of the IEEE 802.16 Wireless standard and its utility in augmenting the IP (Internet Protocol) router based Automated Digital Network System (ADNS). This research explores the need for a high throughput, high speed network for use in a network centric wartime environment and how commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technologies that take advantage of the IEEE 802.16 wireless protocol can satisfy these requirements. The intent of this research is to prove that IEEE 802.16 systems can provide the ADNS with a viable alternative in order to enhance its capabilities and mitigate its limitations. This research includes a discussion on the current configuration of the ADNS architecture and its uses in the Carrier Strike Group (CSG). This research also analyzes the IEEE 802.16 MAC layer and identifies and tests its unique quality attributes that make it a viable high speed, high throughput communication link for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint naval applications.

Polat, Mehmet. "Tracking Of Subsequently Fired Projectiles." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614426/index.pdf.

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In conventional tracking algorithms the targets are usually considered as point source objects. However, in realistic scenarios the point source assumption is often not suitable and estimating the states of an object extension characterized by a collectively moving ballistic object group (cluster) becomes a very critical and relevant problem which has applications in the defense area. Recently, a Bayesian approach to extended object tracking using random matrices has been proposed. Within this approach, ellipsoidal object extensions are modeled by random matrices and treated as additional state variables to be estimated. In this work we propose to use a slightly modified version of this new approach that simultaneously estimates the ellipsoidal shape and the kinematics of a group of ballistic targets. Target group that is tracked consists of subsequent projectiles. We use JPDAF framework together with the new approach to emphasize the pros and cons of both approaches. The methods are demonstrated and evaluated in detail by making various simulations.

Johansson, Denise. "I don’t understand?! : En studie om hur myndighetsinformation tillgängliggörs för nyanlända svenskar." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28493.

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This is a thesis on information design with a focus on text design. The purpose of this study is to gather knowledge about how information on the Easy-to-Read website, of the police, should be composed so that immigrants more easily will be able to read and understand the content. The goal of the study is to present a design proposal based on the knowledge that has been found through principles for readability, theoretical perspectives and literature, together with methods; readability analysis and interviews. The interviews were performed individually with the coordinator at polisen.se as well as four students from SFI (Swedish for immigrants). The study showed that the content on the website of the police is not adequately adapted to the needs of the target group. It also exhibited that the website's disposition is unclear, and that complicated terms are not explained. This makes the understandability worse for immigrants as their difficulties with reading mostly have to do with vocabulary, background knowledge and textual proficiency is culturally limited.
Detta är ett examensarbete i Informationsdesign med inriktning mot textdesign. Syftet med denna studie är att få kunskap om hur information på polisens lättlästa webbplats ska utformas för att nyanlända svenskar lättare ska kunna läsa och förstå innehållet. Målet med studien är att presentera ett gestaltningsförslag grundat på den kunskap som framkommit genom principer för lättläst, teoretiska perspektiv och litteratur, samt metoder; läsbarhetsanalys och intervjuer. Intervjuerna skedde individuellt och genomfördes med samordnaren på polisen.se samt fyra elever från sfi. Det framgick i studien att innehållet, på polisens lättlästa webbplats, inte är anpassat efter målgruppens behov. Det framkom bland annat att webbplatsens disposition är otydlig, och att komplicerade begrepp inte förklaras. Detta försvårar förståelsen för nyanlända svenskar då deras lässvårigheter framförallt har att göra med att deras ordförråd, bakgrundskunskaper och textkompetens, är kulturellt begränsade.

Jidemyr, Elin, and Taru Nurmela. ""The language of medicine is ill and in need of care" : A word comprehension study of Sörmland County Council website terms." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12922.

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This study was performed in Eskilstuna, Sweden in the spring of 2011. The Sörmland CountyCouncil (SCC) initiated the study to improve the communication with the public by adjustingthe language on its website. The website is an important communicative tool since manypeople search for health care information online. Thirty-six terms on the website of the SCCwere the objects of study, a majority of them being names of the departments atMälarsjukhuset Hospital. The departments are presented as a list of links on the website. Fouradditional medical terms were included. The comprehension of the 36 terms was investigatedamong 210 health care centre visitors in Eskilstuna. A questionnaire was used where theinformants were asked to shortly explain what health care issues are dealt with in the differentdepartments. The understanding varied greatly among the terms, from Klinisk fysiologi ochnukleärmedicin (clinical physiology and nuclear medicine/Clinical physics and nuclearmedicine) which only 14.6% of the informants understood to Ögon (eyes/Ophthalmology)which was understood by 92.98%. Seven of the terms were understood by less than 50% ofthe informants. The recommendation of the study to the SCC was to replace terms that werehard to understand to direct the website visitors to the information they are looking for andalso to review the language in all written communication with this study in mind.

Karlsson, Maria. "Läser du instruktionen? : En studie om hur teknikinformation kan utformas utifrån användarnas informationsbehov och förutsättningar." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-32204.

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Research has shown that technical information is often not read by its target group. This can mean that users are unaware of crucial information included in a handbook or manual. Lack of information can cause, for example, inappropriate usage of products. Research has presented several source preference criteria that individuals define when they choose a preferred information source. My goal is to design technical information that derives from these criteria. The question to answer is: How can information for a computer-based rendering software be designed to derive from the situation and information needs of the target group, and from the criteria individuals define when they elect an information source? This study is a collaboration with Company X in Västerås. The aim is to design an artifact that supports the employees of the company during a work procedure in the rendering software Lattice 3D Studio. Based on empirical data and a theoretical framework, I have designed information that derives from the situation and information needs of the target group, as well as from the criteria individuals define when they elect an information source. I have designed an instruction for a rendering software, with step-by-step instructions based on work procedures shown in empirical studies. From this work I conclude that good knowledge of the target group can give a better understanding of what information the target group needs and wants. By designing a sequence of steps based on work procedures documented during empirical methods, the target group can be assisted in their work procedure. By implementing information design principles, user friendly information is created. Based on the theoretical framework and methods, the instruction is designed to meet the criteria individuals have when they elect an information source.
Studier visar att teknikinformation ofta inte blir läst av användarna. Detta kan innebära att viktig information i exempelvis manualer inte når fram till användarna, vilket i sin tur kan orsaka felaktig användning av produkt. Forskning har redovisat ett antal kriterier som individer ställer när de väljer informationskälla. I denna studie avser jag att utforma teknikinformation som tar hänsyn till dessa kriterier. Frågan som jag ställer mig är: Hur kan man utforma ett informationsmaterial för ett datorbaserat bildrenderingsprogram som tar hänsyn till målgruppens förutsättningar och informationsbehov, samt de kriterier som individer ställer på en informationskälla för att den ska bli vald? Studien är utförd som ett samarbete med Företaget X i Västerås. Syftet är att jag ska utforma ett gestaltningsförslag som stödjer företagets medarbetare under en arbetsprocess i bildrenderingsprogrammet Lattice 3D Studio. Utifrån empiriska studier och ett teoretiskt ramverk har jag gestaltat ett informationsmaterial som utgår från målgruppens perspektiv: målgruppens förutsättningar, informationsbehov samt de kriterier som individer ställer när de väljer informationskälla. Jag har utformat en instruktion för bildrenderingsprogrammet, med steg-för-steg-instruktioner baserat på de arbetsmoment som framkommit genom empiriska studier. Slutsatser från arbetet är att en god kunskap om målgruppen kan leda till en bättre förståelse för vad målgruppen behöver och vill ha för information. Genom att utforma sekventiella steg baserade på dokumenterade arbetsmoment, erbjuds målgruppen stöd i deras vardagliga arbetsprocess. Med hjälp av informationsdesignsprinciper blir informationen användbar. Utifrån insamlad teori och empiri är instruktionen utformad för att uppfylla de kriterier individer ställer på en informationskälla för att den ska bli vald.

Liška, Martin. "Marketingový plán – informační systém pro veterináře." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359724.

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The subject for the Diploma Thesis is Marketing Plan for a company whose core business is development and sell of the Information software for veterinarian. The framework is focused on strategic marketing management and preparation of Marketing plan in theoretical way. Practical part consists of the marketing plan for the company.

Книги з теми "Target group and information architecture":

Tao, Xiaofeng. Group Cell Architecture for Cooperative Communications. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012.

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Estes, J. E. Remote Sensing Information Sciences Research Group: Santa Barbara Information Sciences Research Group, final report, year 5. Santa Barbara, Calif: University of California, 1989.

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Estes, J. E. Remote Sensing Information Sciences Research Group: Santa Barbara Information Sciences Research Group, final report, year 3. Santa Barbara, Calif: University of California, Santa Barbara, 1988.

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Aier, Stephan. Trends in Enterprise Architecture Research and Practice-Driven Research on Enterprise Transformation: 7th Workshop, TEAR 2012, and 5th Working Conference, PRET 2012, Held at The Open Group Conference 2012, Barcelona, Spain, October 23-24, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Alexander, David, Colin Henry Davidson, Andrew Fox, Cassidy Johnson, and Gonzalo Lizzaralde, eds. Post-Disaster Reconstruction: Meeting Stakeholder Interests. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-611-2.

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This book collects together 46 papers presented at the Third Biennial Conference of i-Rec, International Group for the Diffusion of Research and Information on Post-Disaster Reconstruction. The various sections of the book cover the technical and administrative aspects of housing and other buildings after disaster. The approach to post-disaster shelter and reconstruction exemplified by this volume is fully interdisciplinary. A very wide range of perspectives is covered, including the disciplines and sub-disciplines of seismic and structural engineering, architecture, applied geography and geology, environmental psychology, paediatrics, development studies, economics, medicine and public health, management studies and political science. The volume is also intended to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the floods that severely damaged Florence in 1966 and did terrible damage to priceless art treasures.

Xu, Xiaodong, Xiaofeng Tao, and Qimei Cui. Group Cell Architecture for Cooperative Communications. Springer, 2012.

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Interim target loadings for acidic deposition in Western Canada: A synthesis of existing information : final report to the Western Target Loading Planning Group and the National Research Council Associate Committee on Scientific Criteria for Environmental Quality. [Victoria, B.C.]: Western and Northern Canada LRTAP Technical Committee, 1987.

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Jeffrey, Star, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Remote Sensing Information Sciences Research Group: Browse in the EOS era : final report. Santa Barbara, Calif: University of California, Santa Barbara, 1989.

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Albert, Ferré, and Fasanella Denise, eds. Verb matters: A survey of current formal and material possibilities in the context of the information age : built, active substance in the form of networks, at all scales from the biggest to the smallest. Barcelona: Actar, 2004.

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Albert, Ferré, and Actar, eds. Verb matters: Built, active substance in the form of networks, at all scales from the biggest to the smallest : a survey of current formal and material possibilities in the context of the information age / [edited by Albert Ferré ... [et al.] ; Edward Krasny, Thomas Daniell and Ian Pepper, translators].. Barcelona: Actar, 2004.

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Частини книг з теми "Target group and information architecture":

C, John Felix, and Valli S. "Distributed Group Access Control Architecture for Secure Multicast." In Advances in Information Systems, 585–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30198-1_59.

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Raffel, Lara, Patrick Bours, and Sashidharan Komandur. "Attention! Designing a Target Group-Oriented Risk Communication Strategy." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 597–604. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50732-9_77.

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Beutelspacher, Lisa. "Assessing Information Literacy: Creating Generic Indicators and Target Group-Specific Questionnaires." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 521–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14136-7_55.

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Liu, Juan, Jie Liu, James Reich, Patrick Cheung, and Feng Zhao. "Distributed Group Management for Track Initiation and Maintenance in Target Localization Applications." In Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 113–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36978-3_8.

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Li, Xue, Yunpeng Zhang, Dajun Du, Zhourong Zhang, and Meng Xia. "The Optimal Dispatching Strategy of Microgrid Group Based on Distributed Cooperative Architecture." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 18–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6378-6_2.

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Malinowska, Maria, and Danuta Seretna-Sałamaj. "The Factors and Parameters Determining the Formation of the Target Capital Structure in Family Businesses." In Information Systems Architecture and Technology: Proceedings of 37th International Conference on Information Systems Architecture and Technology – ISAT 2016 – Part IV, 163–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46592-0_14.

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Liu, Ziyang, Yuzhuo Fu, Jiang Jiang, and Xing Han. "Dynamic and Online Task Scheduling Algorithm Based on Virtual Compute Group in Many-Core Architecture." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 57–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35898-2_7.

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Chaffai, Abdelmajid, Larbi Hassouni, and Houda Anoun. "Informal Learning in Twitter: Architecture of Data Analysis Workflow and Extraction of Top Group of Connected Hashtags." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 3–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96292-4_1.

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Bergmann, Karin. "Recommendations for the Organisation of Target Group Work within the Framework of Business Information Policy." In Dealing with consumer uncertainty, 157–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04833-7_4.

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Islam, Mahfuzul, and Hidetoshi Onodera. "Monitor Circuits for Cross-Layer Resiliency." In Dependable Embedded Systems, 385–407. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52017-5_16.

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AbstractCross-layer resiliency has become a critical deciding factor for any successful product. This chapter focuses on monitor circuits that are essential in realizing the cross-layer resiliency. The role of monitor circuits is to establish a bridge between the hardware and other layers by providing information about the devices and the operating environment in run-time. This chapter explores delay-based monitor circuits for design automation with the existing cell-based design methodology. The chapter discusses several design techniques to monitor parameters of threshold voltage, temperature, leakage current, critical delay, and aging. The chapter then demonstrates a reconfigurable architecture to monitor multiple parameters with small area footprint. Finally, an extraction methodology of physical parameters is discussed for model-hardware correlation. Utilizing the cell-based design flow, delay-based monitors can be placed inside the target digital circuit and thus a better correlation between monitor and target circuit behavior can be realized.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Target group and information architecture":

Du, Zhiyuan, Lihong Qiu, and Pierluigi Pisu. "Hierarchical Energy Management Control of Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles on Urban Roads With Efficiencies Feedback." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9641.

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In this paper, we present a fuel efficient control strategy for a group of connected hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) in urban road conditions. A hierarchical control architecture is proposed where the higher level controller is located at traffic signal light while the lower level controllers are equipped on each HEV. The higher level controller utilizes Signal Phase and Timing (SPAT) information from the traffic lights to generate target velocities for every HEV, which allows a maximum number of vehicles pass the intersection at given green light window. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is used to track the target velocity and evaluate the energy efficient velocity profile for every vehicle for a given horizon. Each lower level controller then follows the velocity profile (from the higher level controller) in a fuel efficient fashion using adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS). The lower level controller also feeds the average recuperation efficiency in a certain time window back to the higher level controller, thus affects the future velocity profile evaluation from the higher level controller, which is the major contribution of this paper. In this paper, the HEV model is developed based on Autonomie software and the simulation results show the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

Coyne, Robert, Susan Finger, Suresh Konda, Ira Monarch, Friedrich B. Prinz, Daniel P. Siewiorek, Eswaran Subrahmanian, et al. "Creating an Advanced Collaborative Open Resource Network." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0038.

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Abstract Carnegie Mellon, in collaboration with several other universities and companies, is beginning to develop ACORN, an Advanced Collaborative Open Resource Network. ACORN will provide the infrastructure to create an electronic community which will be able to design and sell engineered products in competitive markets as well as conduct research and development by collaborating through a network. Creating such a community is a task of national proportions and cannot be accomplished by our group alone since the target community encompasses the entire country. We have an unprecedented opportunity to create and experiment with an electronic community which can serve as the model for a larger national community. In this paper, we outline the architecture for an information infrastructure to create and sustain such a community. This paper is not a standard research paper; it is being published to invite the members of the community to participate in the evolution of the ideas expressed here and to encourage the shared development of the infrastructure necessary to create this network.

Bovey, B. J., and D. E. Brown. "Target tracking prediction through group correlation analysis." In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information Fusion. IEEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ific.2000.862658.

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Pasaribu, Faizal Asrul, Jordan Hakiki Sipahutar, Bastian Paskal Situmorang, Sfenrianto Sfenrianto, and Emil R. Kaburuan. "Designing Enterprise Architecture in Hospitals Group." In 2019 International Conference on Information and Communications Technology (ICOIACT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoiact46704.2019.8938526.

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Changfang Zhang, Hongwen Yang, Weidong Hu, and Wenxian Yu. "Group target data association with partially overlapping observation areas." In 2008 International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2008.4608036.

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Cheng, Xuan, Hongbing JI, and Yongquan Zhang. "Improved Box Particle CPHD Algorithm for Group Target Tracking." In 2019 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccais46528.2019.9074578.

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Ingle, Rajesh, and G. Sivakumar. "TGKAM: Adaptive Middleware Architecture for Secure Group Communication." In 2009 Sixth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itng.2009.210.

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Guerlin, Louis, Benjamin Pannetier, Michèle Rombaut, and Maxime Derome. "Study on group target tracking to counter swarms of drones." In Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIX, edited by Lynne L. Grewe, Erik P. Blasch, and Ivan Kadar. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2558119.

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Yousuke Takahashi, Kouhei Sugiyama, Hiroyuki Ohsaki, Makoto Imase, Takeshi Yagi, and Junichi Murayama. "On network architecture for realizing group-based communication." In 2008 7th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Information and Telecommunication Technologies (APSITT 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsitt.2008.4653573.

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Liu, Weifeng, and Chenglin Wen. "The structure-labeled group target estimation with random finite set observation." In 2014 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccais.2014.7020570.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Target group and information architecture":

Combs, V., J. Hanna, T. Krokowski, and B. Lipa. Phoenix: Service Oriented Architecture for Information Management the Fawkes Cursor-on-Target Router. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada550101.

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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world

Lazdane, Gunta, Dace Rezeberga, Ieva Briedite, Elizabete Pumpure, Ieva Pitkevica, Darja Mihailova, and Marta Laura Gravina. Sexual and reproductive health in the time of COVID-19 in Latvia, qualitative research interviews and focus group discussions, 2020 (in Latvian). Rīga Stradiņš University, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/fk2/lxku5a.

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Qualitative research is focused on the influence of COVID-19 pandemic and restriction measures on sexual and reproductive health in Latvia. Results of the anonymous online survey (I-SHARE) of 1173 people living in Latvia age 18 and over were used as a background in finalization the interview and the focus group discussion protocols ensuring better understanding of the influencing factors. Protocols included 9 parts (0.Introduction. 1. COVID-19 general influence, 2. SRH, 3. Communication with health professionals, 4.Access to SRH services, 5.Communication with population incl. three target groups 5.1. Pregnant women, 5.2. People with suspected STIs, 5.3.Women, who require abortion, 6. HIV/COVID-19, 7. External support, 8. Conclusions and recommendations. Data include audiorecords in Latvian of: 1) 11 semi-structures interviews with policy makers including representatives from governmental and non-governmental organizations involved in sexual and reproductive health, information and health service provision. 2) 12 focus group discussions with pregnant women (1), women in postpartum period (3) and their partners (3), people living with HIV (1), health care providers involved in maternal health care and emergency health care for women (4) (2021-02-18) Subject: Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Keywords: Sexual and reproductive health, COVID-19, access to services, Latvia