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Статті в журналах з теми "Target Operating Model":
1
Möller, Klaus, and Daniel Marks. "Flexible Fortschrittssteuerung als Target Operating Model der finanziellen Führung." Controlling 33, no. 2 (2021): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0935-0381-2021-2-14.
Анотація:
In einem VUCA-Umfeld ist ein rigides Planungs- und Steuerungssystem hinderlich und erschwert die dynamische Anpassung an veränderte Kontexte. Erforderlich ist eine fundamentale Neuausrichtung, weg von einer Plan-Ist-Orientierung und hin zu einer flexiblen, eher auf Fortschritt und an der Strategie ausgerichteten ganzheitlichen Steuerung. Der Beitrag liefert einen solchen Alternativvorschlag, in dessen Kern kein Budgetierungssystem steht, sondern ein dynamischer auf Fortschritt ausgelegter Kreislauf, der in ein Target Operating Model der finanziellen Führung eingebettet ist und damit eine Blaupause für eine Performance Management Organisation bietet.
2
Verma, M. K., and R. K. Shrivastava. "Min-max goal programming: an application to Mahanadi Reservoir Project Complex." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 684–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l01-026.
Анотація:
An application of the min-max goal programming methodology to a system of multipurpose reservoirs for optimal monthly operation has been presented in this paper. The goal programming approach possesses significant advantages because of the fact that it may be based on physical operating criteria. The system goals and constraints are expressed deterministically. A constraint must be strictly satisfied, while for a goal it is desired to achieve the solution, which is as close as possible to the specified target. The min-max goal programming model is developed and applied to the Mahanadi Reservoir Project (MRP) Complex comprising of six multipurpose reservoirs in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The MRP Complex operations resulting from the use of the min-max goal programming model are compared to the operations resulting from three other reported optimization models with the same data set for the same operation period. The set of operations resulting from various models are comparable in their effectiveness, and in most aspects the min-max goal programming model operations are better.Key words: optimization, reservoir operation, goal programming, min-max goal programming.
3
Wei, Li Xin, Lu Ying Zhang, and Yu Wang. "Simulation of Operation Scheme of Su Cuo Buried Oil Pipeline." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 3023–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.3023.
Анотація:
Aim at the actual operating condition of Su Cuo buried oil pipeline, the simulation model of this pipeline operation was built by the simulation software of TLNET to simulate the running states of pipeline in different operating conditions. With the target of saving energy and reducing consumption, the operating parameters of this pipeline with different throughput and different seasons were optimized, and the optimization results can be used to guide the pipeline operation.
4
Hinov, Nikolay, Bogdan Gilev, and Tsveti Hranov. "Model-Based Optimization of an LLC-Resonant DC-DC Converter." Electronics 8, no. 7 (July 17, 2019): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070799.
Анотація:
The study presented in the paper is to guarantee the performance of the LLC DC-DC converter using model-based optimization. The primary scope of the study is to maintain the output parameters regardless of the variation of the values of the circuit elements. In engineering practice, it is known that any schematic element cannot be reproduced with an absolute accuracy of features. In addition, its main parameters change during operation due to changes in operating temperature, aging, operating modes and so on. Optimization procedures are a tool for finding the most appropriate values for circuit elements, with selected constraints, target functions and operating modes. In electronic converters, these are most often: minimal loss, maximum efficiency, the critical-aperiodic transition process, realization of certain dynamics, appropriate modes of operation and so on. The results obtained show that using the proposed approach produces more robustness to disturbances and tolerances, with improved dynamics and faster transient processes. On the other hand, the value of the circuit elements is smaller, and reliable operation of the protection and automatic regulation systems is achieved.
5
Nam, Jae-Won, Young-Kyun Cho, and Youn Kyu Lee. "Regression Model-Based AMS Circuit Optimization Technique Utilizing Parameterized Operating Condition." Electronics 11, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030408.
Анотація:
An analog and mixed-signal (AMS) circuit that draws on machine learning while using a regression model differs in terms of the design compared to more sophisticated circuit designs. Technology structures that are more advanced than conventional CMOS processes, specifically the fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) and silicon-on-insulator (SOI), have been proposed to provide the higher computation performance required to meet various design specifications. As a result, the latest research on AMS design optimization has enabled enormous resource savings in AMS design procedures but remains limited with regard to reflecting the intended operating conditions in the design parameters. Hereby, we propose what is termed a supervised learning artificial neural network (ANN) as a means by which to define an AMS regression model. This approach allows for rapid searches of complex design dimensions, including variations in performance metrics caused by process–voltage–temperature (PVT) changes. The method also reduces the considerable computation expense compared to that of simulation-program-with-integrated-circuit-emphasis (SPICE) simulations. Hence, the proposed AMS circuit design flow generates highly promising output to meet target requirements while showing an excellent ability to match the design target performance. To verify the potential and promise of our design flow, a successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC) is designed with a 14 nm process design kit. In order to show the maximum single ADC performance (6-bit∼8-bit resolution and few GS/s conversion speed), we have set three different ADC performance targets. Under all SS/TT/FF corners, ±6.25% supply voltage variation, and temperature variation from −40 ∘C to 80 ∘C, the designed SAR ADC using our proposed AMS circuit optimization flow yields remarkable figure-of-merit energy efficiency (approximately 15 fJ/conversion step).
6
Bai, Tao, Xia Liu, Yan-ping HA, Jian-xia Chang, Lian-zhou Wu, Jian Wei, and Jin Liu. "Study on the Single-Multi-Objective Optimal Dispatch in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow River for River Ecological Health." Water 12, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030915.
Анотація:
Given the increasingly worsening ecology issues in the lower Yellow River, the Xiaolangdi reservoir is chosen as the regulation and control target, and the single and multi-objective operation by ecology and power generation in the lower Yellow River is studied in this paper. This paper first proposes the following three indicators: the ecological elasticity coefficient (f1), the power generation elasticity coefficient (f2), and the ecological power generation profit and loss ratio (k). This paper then conducts a multi-target single dispatching study on ecology and power generation in the lower Yellow River. A genetic algorithm (GA) and an improved non-dominated genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) combining constraint processing and feasible space search techniques were used to solve the single-objective model with the largest power generation and the multi-objective optimal scheduling model considering both ecology and power generation. The calculation results show that: (1) the effectiveness of the NSGA-Ⅱcombined with constraint processing and feasible spatial search technology in reservoir dispatching is verified by an example; (2) compared with the operation model of maximizing power generation, the power generation of the target model was reduced by 0.87%, the ecological guarantee rate was increased by 18.75%, and the degree of the impact of ecological targets on the operating results was quantified; (3) in each typical year, the solution spatial distribution and dimensions of the single-target and multi-target models of change are represented by the Pareto-front curve, and a multi-objective operation plan is generated for decision makers to choose; (4) the f1, f2, and k indicators are selected to analyze the sensitivity of the five multi-objective plans and to quantify the interaction between ecological targets and power generation targets. Ultimately, this paper discusses the conversion relationship and finally recommends the best equilibrium solution in the multi-objective global equilibrium solution set. The results provide a decision-making basis for the multi-objective dispatching of the Xiaolangdi reservoir and have important practical significance for further improving the ecological health of the lower Yellow River.
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Qiang, Bo, Junyong Lai, Hongwei Jin, Liangren Zhang, and Zhenming Liu. "Target Prediction Model for Natural Products Using Transfer Learning." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 4632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094632.
Анотація:
A large proportion of lead compounds are derived from natural products. However, most natural products have not been fully tested for their targets. To help resolve this problem, a model using transfer learning was built to predict targets for natural products. The model was pre-trained on a processed ChEMBL dataset and then fine-tuned on a natural product dataset. Benefitting from transfer learning and the data balancing technique, the model achieved a highly promising area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) score of 0.910, with limited task-related training samples. Since the embedding distribution difference is reduced, embedding space analysis demonstrates that the model’s outputs of natural products are reliable. Case studies have proved our model’s performance in drug datasets. The fine-tuned model can successfully output all the targets of 62 drugs. Compared with a previous study, our model achieved better results in terms of both AUROC validation and its success rate for obtaining active targets among the top ones. The target prediction model using transfer learning can be applied in the field of natural product-based drug discovery and has the potential to find more lead compounds or to assist researchers in drug repurposing.
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Araujo, Gustavo F., Renato Machado, and Mats I. Pettersson. "Non-Cooperative SAR Automatic Target Recognition Based on Scattering Centers Models." Sensors 22, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031293.
Анотація:
This article proposes an Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) algorithm to classify non-cooperative targets in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. The scarcity or nonexistence of measured SAR data demands that classification algorithms rely only on synthetic data for training purposes. Based on a model represented by the set of scattering centers extracted from purely synthetic data, the proposed algorithm generates hypotheses for the set of scattering centers extracted from the target under test belonging to each class. A Goodness of Fit test is considered to verify each hypothesis, where the Likelihood Ratio Test is modified by a scattering center-weighting function common to both the model and target. Some algorithm variations are assessed for scattering center extraction and hypothesis generation and verification. The proposed solution is the first model-based classification algorithm to address the recently released Synthetic and Measured Paired Labeled Experiment (SAMPLE) dataset on a 100% synthetic training data basis. As a result, an accuracy of 91.30% in a 10-target test within a class experiment under Standard Operating Conditions (SOCs) was obtained. The algorithm was also pioneered in testing the SAMPLE dataset in Extend Operating Conditions (EOCs), assuming noise contamination and different target configurations. The proposed algorithm was shown to be robust for SNRs greater than −5 dB.
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Premchand, Anshu, M. Sandhya, and Sharmila Sankar. "Simplification of application operations using cloud and DevOps." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i1.pp85-93.
Анотація:
<span>In our experience of having worked with financial institutions for over 19 calendar years, we have seen that application development, maintenance and operations teams have a very silo-ed existence. In today's ever more fluid market, it is imperative for these teams to be very agile in their response to business needs. While development teams are trying to adopt agile and devops practices, operations and maintenance teams are sometimes forgotten in this transformation journey even though they play a very crucial role in managing customer facing systems. In this paper, we focus on application operations for their simplification, outline the post production challenges faced by the operations teams, assistance required from the development teams and need for coordination & harmony between application development and operations teams. We use the example of a financial organization where we are currently helping in simplification of application support processes using two key levers of cloud and devops adoption to highlight the path to simplification. We outline the solution levers we used, solution tenets, solution approach and considerations. We also share a target state model and regulated key functions & activities within the model as well as an interim operating model and a target operating model.</span>
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Zhou, Guanghui, Fengtian Chang, Changle Tian, and Qi Lu. "A reliability optimization allocation method for the hydraulic system of CNC honing machine considering the operating condition information." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 12 (July 6, 2017): 2244–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217719475.
Анотація:
In recent years, reliability optimization allocation has drawn a broad spectrum of attentions, especially for complex systems consisting of a large number of subsystems and components. Hydraulic system, deemed as a complex system, plays a great role in reliability increment of the CNC honing machine. In order to realize the CNC honing machine tool’s balanced operating performance, the crucial hydraulic system is designed to obtain the optimal and well-balanced allocation solution under the constrains of cost and reliability. Meanwhile, the quantified operating factor that influences the allocation solution is rarely considered adequately when operating samples are insufficient. So, if hydraulic systems are used in a new required longer operating mission duration or a new severer operating environment, the dissatisfied reliability could not be better reallocated to adapt to this environment with appropriate methods. Aimed at overcoming the abovementioned shortcomings and optimizing the dissatisfied reliability for existing hydraulic systems, this paper proposes a reliability optimization allocation method considering operating the condition information. From the standpoint of the complex system, this method firstly builds a three-level reliability optimization allocation model based on the analytic target cascading for the specific hydraulic system of CNC honing machine 2MK2263 × 200. It transforms the complex reliability allocation problem to a set of smaller and coordinated optimization sub-problems. Secondly, through studying the operating reliability problems of small samples in the new operating scene, the reliability prediction results based on the operating condition information are applied to build the initial reliability targets, which are regarded as the initial constrains for the optimization. With the help of analytic target cascading model and initial target reliability, the optimal reliability for the complex hydraulic system would be obtained. It is also shown to provide an innovative route for the reliability redesign of the related complex systems for this new required operating scene.
Дисертації з теми "Target Operating Model":
1
York, Michael A. "Optimal Scheduling and Operating Target (OPTAR) cost model for aircraft carriers in the fleet response plan." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FYork.pdf.
Анотація:
Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Brown, Gerald G. "September 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 31, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-52). Also available in print.
2
HUANG, Wenxin. "Designing multi-target salesforce incentive contract." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2015. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/cds_etd/14.
Анотація:
Multi-target incentive contracts are widely observed in practice to stimulate salesforce effort. However, little is known about their effectiveness and the issues involved in designing them. In this thesis, we investigate the incentive contracting problem between a manufacturer and an agent when the realized sales of a product are affected by both the agent's selling effort and the type of the agent. The agent's type is uncertain to the manufacturer, whereas the agent can observe the actual type when exerting her selling effort. Again, this is unobservable by the manufacturer. For contract design problem, we develop a principal-agent model with both moral hazard and adverse selection. We examine the manufacturer's optimal contract parameter decisions employing a single multi-target contract for the agent who can be of different types. Because menu contracts are commonly studied in literature for the adverse selection problem, we also study a menu of single-target contracts; and examine the manufacturer's optimal contract parameter decisions. We then compare the performance between the two types of contract. We arrive at a number of managerial insights regarding the design and the performance of multi-target contract and menu contract.
3
Scarlato, Michele. "Sicurezza di rete, analisi del traffico e monitoraggio." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3223/.
Анотація:
Il lavoro è stato suddiviso in tre macro-aree.
Una prima riguardante un'analisi teorica di come funzionano le intrusioni, di quali software vengono utilizzati per compierle, e di come proteggersi (usando i dispositivi che in termine generico si possono riconoscere come i firewall).
Una seconda macro-area che analizza un'intrusione avvenuta dall'esterno verso dei server sensibili di una rete LAN.
Questa analisi viene condotta sui file catturati dalle due interfacce di rete configurate in modalità promiscua su una sonda presente nella LAN.
Le interfacce sono due per potersi interfacciare a due segmenti di LAN aventi due maschere
di sotto-rete differenti. L'attacco viene analizzato mediante vari software.
Si può infatti definire una terza parte del lavoro, la parte dove vengono analizzati i file
catturati dalle due interfacce con i software che prima si occupano di analizzare i dati di
contenuto completo, come Wireshark, poi dei software che si occupano di analizzare i dati di
sessione che sono stati trattati con Argus, e infine i dati di tipo statistico che sono stati trattati
con Ntop.
Il penultimo capitolo, quello prima delle conclusioni, invece tratta l'installazione di Nagios, e
la sua configurazione per il monitoraggio attraverso plugin dello spazio di disco rimanente su
una macchina agent remota, e sui servizi MySql e DNS. Ovviamente Nagios può essere
configurato per monitorare ogni tipo di servizio offerto sulla rete.
4
Penington, Tracey. "A non-linear model and framework for implementing transformative change." Thesis, 2022. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/43681/.
Анотація:
To survive and thrive in today’s business environment requires the ability to implement transformative change to meet market demands. However, the hidden and often mystical nature of implementing transformative change has scholars referring to it as a ‘black box’, with others highlighting the constant and significant failure rate at this stage, often pointing to the inability of linear methods to manage the environmental context.
The aim of this study is to explore the process of implementing transformative change in today’s business environment. A conceptual framework guides the study to explore the ‘how’, ‘what’ and ‘why’ aspects, building off the real-world experience of change practitioners based across Australia and New Zealand. A mixed-methods approach is utilised, applying qualitative and quantitative analysis through semi-structured interviews and an online survey. The interviews provide in-depth insight from practitioners leading major transformation programs, whilst the online survey provides the ability to converge and corroborate findings.
The findings from this study highlight the need to move to a non-linear process that can manage the dynamic nature of transformative change in the business world today. Firstly, the need for the future state goal to be articulated as a ‘Target Operating Model’ (TOM), the fulcrum of the implementation process. Second, the necessity of the planning design to manage the ‘Delta Effect’, the impacts from the constantly changing environment. Finally, presenting a model that supports a non-linear process, providing a framework for implementing transformative change in today’s business environment.
The model and framework from this study provide a practical contribution for those involved with delivering transformative change. For academia, the research builds on and extends further insights and knowledge into this significant process used extensively across our world today.
Книги з теми "Target Operating Model":
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Gaver, Donald Paul. Analytical models for battlespace information operations (BAT-10). Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1998.
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Grimes, A. The choice of intermediate and operating targets for monetary policy. [Wellington]: Economic Dept., Reserve Bank of New Zealand, 1989.
3
Kagan, Eugene. Probabilistic search for tracking targets: Theory and modern applications. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2013.
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Mba, Heath Gascoigne. Business Transformation Playbook: How to Implement Your Organization's Target Operating Model and Achieve a Zero Percent Fail Rate Using the 6- Step Agile Framework. Gascoigne, Heath, 2019.
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Gascoigne, Heath. The Business Transformation Playbook: How To Implement your Organisation's Target Operating Model and Achieve a Zero Percent Fail Rate Using the 6- Step Agile Framework. HOBA TECH LTD, 2019.
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Becker, Kevin J. An analytical high value target acquisition model. 1986.
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Colak, Umit. A model for evaluating the effectiveness of a systematic search for a moving target. 1987.
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Government, U. S., U. S. Military, and Department of Defense (DoD). Cooking up Psychological Operations: The Ingredients of Successful Psyop - Korean War Case Study, Operation Moolah, Target Audience , PSYWAR, Communication Theory, PSYOP Model, Radio and Leaflet. Independently Published, 2017.
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Kagan, Eugene, and Irad Ben-Gal. Probabilistic Search for Tracking Targets: Theory and Modern Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
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Kagan, Eugene, and Irad Ben-Gal. Probabilistic Search for Tracking Targets: Theory and Modern Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
Частини книг з теми "Target Operating Model":
1
Humphries, Andrew, and Linda McComie. "Enterprise Relationship Management (ERM) – A Target Operating Model for Collaboration." In Implementing and Managing Collaborative Relationships, 15–28. New York: Productivity Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003221340-2.
2
Islam, Mahfuzul, and Hidetoshi Onodera. "Monitor Circuits for Cross-Layer Resiliency." In Dependable Embedded Systems, 385–407. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52017-5_16.
Анотація:
AbstractCross-layer resiliency has become a critical deciding factor for any successful product. This chapter focuses on monitor circuits that are essential in realizing the cross-layer resiliency. The role of monitor circuits is to establish a bridge between the hardware and other layers by providing information about the devices and the operating environment in run-time. This chapter explores delay-based monitor circuits for design automation with the existing cell-based design methodology. The chapter discusses several design techniques to monitor parameters of threshold voltage, temperature, leakage current, critical delay, and aging. The chapter then demonstrates a reconfigurable architecture to monitor multiple parameters with small area footprint. Finally, an extraction methodology of physical parameters is discussed for model-hardware correlation. Utilizing the cell-based design flow, delay-based monitors can be placed inside the target digital circuit and thus a better correlation between monitor and target circuit behavior can be realized.
3
Ganor, Boaz, and Liram Koblentz-Stenzler. "A Decision-Making Model for Targeted Killing Operations." In Israel’s Targeted Killing Policy, 199–214. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13674-0_8.
4
Liang, Jianfeng. "Multistage Optioned Portfolio Selection: Mean-Variance Model and Target Tracking Model." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 185–216. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53518-0_11.
5
Gorroñogoitia, Jesús, Dragan Radolović, Zoe Vasileiou, Georgios Meditskos, Anastasios Karakostas, Stefanos Vrochidis, and Michail Bachras. "The SODALITE Model-Driven Approach." In Deployment and Operation of Complex Software in Heterogeneous Execution Environments, 23–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04961-3_3.
Анотація:
AbstractThe specification of deployment topologies for complex applications distributed across multiple heterogeneous infrastructures is a difficult process that encompasses multiple modeling tasks, engaging several actors, including application ops experts, resource experts on the specification of the target infrastructure resources, quality experts on the application optimization, and application administrators on the deployment governance. SODALITE proposes a novel infrastructure as a code (IaC) modeling framework that provides a model driven engineering approach for the authoring of application- and infrastructure-level specifications, realizing an instantiation of an infrastructure as a code (IaC) modeling framework. This chapter introduces the SODALITE IDE and the IaC services. The IDE enables SODALITE expert roles to model (conforming to the SODALITE DSMLs) and generate IaC artefacts facilitating the app deployment. Experts are assisted in the modeling phase by the semantic knowledge inference and validation capabilities of a Knowledge Base (KB), which is populated with IaC descriptions for resources semi-automatically discovered from target heterogeneous infrastructures. The IDE leverages the SODALITE IaC services for automatic target image preparation and IaC artifacts generation upon deployment.
6
Bachmann, Ulf. "Plattformstrategie: Herleitung und Design eines Target Operating Models für Bad Banks - Anforderungen, Modelle, Vorgehen und Erfolgsfaktoren." In Modell „Bad Bank“: Hintergrund – Konzept – Erfahrungen, 133–52. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-7165-4_7.
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Brandt, Oliver K., Andreas Liedtke, Marc Schäfer, and Markus Steitz. "Identifikation von strategischen Handlungsfeldern bei der DekaBank mithilfe von Target Operating Models." In Wege zur effizienten Finanzfunktion in Kreditinstituten, 83–92. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8201-8_5.
8
Kai-jia, Tan, and Wang Rui. "A Time-Sensitive Targets System Simulation Model Based on Extendsim." In Fuzzy Systems & Operations Research and Management, 361–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19105-8_33.
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Ramón, Nuria, José L. Ruiz, and Inmaculada Sirvent. "On the Use of DEA Models with Weight Restrictions for Benchmarking and Target Setting." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 149–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48461-7_7.
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Kumara, Indika, Giovanni Quattrocchi, Dragan Radolović, Kamil Tokmakov, Jesús Ramos Rivas, and Willem-Jan Van Den Heuvel. "The SODALITE Runtime Environment." In Deployment and Operation of Complex Software in Heterogeneous Execution Environments, 67–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04961-3_5.
Анотація:
AbstractModern applications need to be dynamically orchestrated on heterogeneous infrastructures for reasons such as performance, regulation compliance, or cost. This chapter presents the SODALITE runtime environment that can deploy, monitor, and manage applications on heterogeneous infrastructures consisting of Cloud, HPC, and Edge resources. The SODALITE runtime deploys the applications in the target infrastructures based on the deployment artifacts generated by the SODALITE model-driven approach presented in Chap. 3. It can also monitor the deployed applications and their infrastructure resources, generate alerts, and adapt application deployments.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Target Operating Model":
1
Wang, Jihui, Weiqi Jin, Zhiyun Gao, and Xiaowei Wang. "Research on IRST operating range model for point target based on natural sky background." In International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging 2011. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.900826.
2
Raboin, Eric, Petr Svec, Dana Nau, and Satyandra K. Gupta. "Model-predictive target defense by team of unmanned surface vehicles operating in uncertain environments." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra.2013.6631069.
3
Ibrahim, O., P. Zimmermann, C. Hirsch, T. Sattelmayer, B. Gerhard, and C. Steinbach. "A Microturbine Operating With Variable Heat Output." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53011.
Анотація:
The concept of variable heat output using a recuperator bypass has been studied on a microturbine. The target of this research is to quantify to which extent variable heat output is possible using an existing microturbine design. In the paper we compare the predicted and measured performance of the system as well as present and discuss the change of NOx emissions resulting from overfiring the microturbine combustor when reducing the air preheating temperature in bypass mode. We clarify which choice of bypass is suitable considering in particular the recuperator thermo-mechanical loading. We show that the performance of the system in variable heat output can be well extrapolated with a thermodynamic model calibrated with the normal operation mode data and how experimental or theoretical data can be used to predict the change of NOx emission. It is shown that the full benefit of variable heat output can only be gained with a modified combustor design. As an example for this a lean-lean staged combutor concept is proposed.
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Rossi, Iacopo, Mario Luigi Ferrari, and Alberto Traverso. "Linear MPC Operating Far From Design Condition: Assessment Derived From Experiments." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15189.
Анотація:
Abstract Model Predictive Control (MPC) is a well-known control architecture that has encountered an enormous variety of applications since the very beginning until current days. The pros and cons of such control technique are very well known and both of them rely on the embedded model, which is used to determine the control trajectory. Still, the discrepancy between embedded model and real operative conditions can affect the control response due to uncertainties in measurement chain, noise and so on. Still, it is hardly available in literature what would happen in case the plant is operating far from the design condition of the model. This is of particular interest once a linear MPC is governing a non-linear process where the linearization of the target plant must be processed to tune the MPC itself. This paper analyses experimental results from a fuel cell gas turbine hybrid system, namely SOFC/GT emulator test rig, where a linearized MPC was adopted to control stack inlet temperature. The test rig is constituted by a modified Turbec T100 micro gas turbine where a volume of 4 m3 is interposed between compressor and turbine. This emulates the impact of the SOFC on the GT. The system is connected in real-time mode to a model, which runs in parallel and reads what is going on the plant side and simulates the behavior of the associated SOFC stack. The MPC controller governs the plant according to the stack inlet temperature computed by the model in real-time mode. This MPC must be considered as a supervisor of the system, as the gas turbine was still equipped with its original control system. The plant was subject to an on-purpose strong degradation -operated via a constant venting of air from compressor to ambient. This operation strongly influenced the performance of the system, which were no longer able to operate at a level of temperature and power for which the controller was designed for. Still, a ramping down in power and back up was performed and the MPC showed performance which were in agreement with the design performance. Such surprisingly good result is explained with the complexity of the embedded model, which was derived from a completely physical model of the target system and constituted by more than 200 states.
5
Uzun, Dogancan, and Osman Turan. "Performance Comparison of Fouling Control Coatings Based on Time-Dependent Biofouling Model for Ships." In SNAME 14th International Marine Design Conference. SNAME, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/imdc-2022-290.
Анотація:
The selection of the most efficient fouling control coating (FCC) for a new build ship in the design stage is significant for preventing extra fuel consumption and GHG emissions and crucial for preventing unscheduled maintenance operations. Not doing so may cause severe losses in the revenues throughout the operational life of the ship. For this reason, a tailor-made condition assessment in the design stage of the ship should be adopted while considering the ship operational profile and the target FCC performance. Such an approach becomes even more important considering the impact of the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and Carbon Intensity Index (CII), which will come into force in 2023. The study presents the performance comparison of two fouling control coatings based on the time-dependent biofouling growth model. The analyses are conducted through two case studies in which the same ship is coated with two different fouling control coatings and operating at the same ship route and operating profile. The model first predicts the increases in the ship hull roughness in terms of equivalent sand roughness height, and then this prediction is implemented in the CFD based on the wall function approach. Finally, penalties in the frictional resistance and power requirements due to biofouling are calculated every three months duration in a year. The coating performances are compared in terms of increases in power requirements, fuel consumption and GHG emissions. The developed model enables us to select the most efficient FCC among the available FCC’s for the target ship route and operational profile. Maintenance and dry-docking schedules can also be optimised according to the developed model to operate ships in the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly way.
6
Esford, Fiona, Michael Porter, K. Wayne Savigny, W. Kent Muhlbauer, and Colin Dunlop. "A Risk Assessment Model for Pipelines Exposed to Geohazards." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0327.
Анотація:
Transredes S.A. currently operates over 5,500 km of natural gas and liquids pipelines throughout Bolivia. These traverse geologically active terrain, subject to earthquakes, floods and landslides. Construction of these pipelines dates as far back as 1955, with some currently operating under conditions not foreseen at design. A quantitative risk assessment procedure was developed to rank the threats to the pipelines and target locations exposed to the highest level of risk. The objective was to implement a systematic means of prioritizing capital and maintenance activities based on risk management principles. The procedure was implemented on the OSSA-1 pipeline as part of a pilot study. This paper describes the OSSA-1 Pilot Project, with emphasis on how risk assessment procedures were customized to address the pipeline’s elevated exposure to ‘geohazards’.
7
Mas, Ignacio, Sebastian Curi, Christopher Kitts, and Juan I. Giribet. "Visual Target-Tracking Using a Formation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47789.
Анотація:
We present a method to visually track and follow a target using a platoon of three unmanned aerial vehicles for the purpose of surveillance, monitoring or escorting. A coordination control technique that enhances specification and monitoring of high level formation parameters such as position, orientation and size is used as a basis for the coordination. A model of a video camera is employed to obtain relative positions with respect to the target of interest. An open-source simulator of Parrot Ar.Drone quadrotors running on the Robot Operating System environment is used to demonstrate the system functionality. Two test cases are presented to illustrate the validity of the approach.
8
Ramamurthy, Raja, and Wahid Ghaly. "Dual Point Redesign of an Axial Compressor Airfoil Using a Viscous Inverse Design Method." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23400.
Анотація:
The midspan section of Rotor 67 is redesigned simultaneously at two different design points using a new inverse blade design method where the blade walls move with a virtual velocity distribution derived from the difference between the current and the target pressure distributions on the blade surfaces. This inverse method is fully consistent with the viscous flow assumption and is implemented into the time accurate solution of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations that are expressed in an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) form to account for mesh movement. A cell-vertex finite volume method of the Jameson type is used to discretize the equations in space; time accurate integration is obtained using dual time stepping. An algebraic Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model is used for turbulence closure. The CFD analysis provides the initial blade pressure distributions at both operating points, e.g. at two different back pressures and/or blade speeds. At each operating point, a target pressure distribution that results in a performance improvement, is prescribed. The inverse design method is then used to reach the prescribed target pressure distributions at both operating points, simultaneously. This is done by using a weighted average of the difference between the target and current pressure distributions at the two operating points, to modify the airfoil profile. The results show that by carefully tailoring the target pressure loadings at the two design points, some performance improvement can be achieved over the entire range between the two operating points.
9
Lin, Z., A. Stetco, J. Carmona-Sanchez, D. Cevasco, M. Collu, G. Nenadic, O. Marjanovic, and M. Barnes. "Progress on the Development of a Holistic Coupled Model of Dynamics for Offshore Wind Farms: Phase II — Study on a Data-Driven Based Reduced-Order Model for a Single Wind Turbine." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95542.
Анотація:
Abstract At present, over 1500 offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are operating in the UK with a capacity of 5.4GW. Until now, the research has mainly focused on how to minimise the CAPEX, but Operation and Maintenance (O&M) can represent up to 39% of the lifetime costs of an offshore wind farm, mainly due to the assets’ high cost and the harsh environment in which they operate. Focusing on O&M, the HOME Offshore research project (www.homeoffshore.org) aims to derive an advanced interpretation of the fault mechanisms through holistic multiphysics modelling of the wind farm. With the present work, an advanced model of dynamics for a single wind turbine is developed, able to identify the couplings between aero-hydro-servo-elastic (AHSE) dynamics and drive train dynamics. The wind turbine mechanical components, modelled using an AHSE dynamic model, are coupled with a detailed representation of a variable-speed direct-drive 5MW permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and its fully rated voltage source converters (VSCs). Using the developed model for the wind turbine, several case studies are carried out for above and below rated operating conditions. Firstly, the response time histories of wind turbine degrees of freedom (DOFs) are modelled using a full-order coupled analysis. Subsequently, regression analysis is applied in order to correlate DOFs and generated rotor torque (target degree of freedom for the failure mode in analysis), quantifying the level of inherent coupling effects. Finally, the reduced-order multiphysics models for a single offshore wind turbine are derived based on the strength of the correlation coefficients. The accuracy of the proposed reduced-order models is discussed, comparing it against the full-order coupled model in terms of statistical data and spectrum. In terms of statistical results, all the reduced-order models have a good agreement with the full-order results. In terms of spectrum, all the reduced-order models have a good agreement with the full-order results if the frequencies of interest are below 0.75Hz.
10
Yang, Seung Ho. "Study on the Parametric Rolling of Medium-Sized Containership Based on Nonlinear Time Domain Analysis." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18067.
Анотація:
Abstract The numerical analysis of parametric rolling of medium-sized containership has been carried out. Target containership was modeled by using two different numerical models, which are nonlinear numerical model and simplified dynamic mathematical model respectively. The simulations were performed in full-loaded operating condition for regular and irregular waves. For regular waves, the analysis was conducted with a wide range of wave periods including the vicinity of the wave period expected to cause parametric rolling of the target containership. On the other hand, regarding irregular waves, the wave period range that is highly likely to occur according to significant wave height was selected and used as input values of wave spectrum for nonlinear time domain analysis. The analysis results are summarized as wave height versus wave period diagrams with the occurrences of parametric rolling motions for each speed. And also, time series based on time domain analysis are represented and compared between nonlinear numerical model and simplified dynamic mathematical model. In addition, the sensitivity of key parameters such as vessel speed, wave period, and roll damping to parametric rolling was investigated and estimated under operating condition. Finally, when the parametric rolling occurred, the characteristics of heave, pitch, and roll motions were analyzed. This study could be used as the basic data for determining the operational conditions for safe operation as well as initial design of the medium-sized containership.
Звіти організацій з теми "Target Operating Model":
1
Oleksiuk, Vasyl P., and Olesia R. Oleksiuk. Methodology of teaching cloud technologies to future computer science teachers. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3891.
Анотація:
The article deals with the problem of training future computer science teachers for the use of cloud technologies. The authors analyzed courses from leading universities to study cloud technologies. On this basis the model of application and studying of cloud technologies in the process of training of future teachers of informatics was developed. The basic principles of this model are proposed: systematic, gradual, continuous. It contains target, content, operating and effective component. Therefore, the stages of using cloud computing technology were proposed: as a means of organizing learning activities, as an object of study, as a means of development. The article summarizes the experience of designing a cloud-based learning environment (CBLE). The model is based on such philosophical and pedagogical approaches as systemic, competent, activity, personality-oriented, synergistic. Hybrid cloud is the most appropriate model for this environment. It combines public and private cloud platforms. CBLE also requires the integration of cloud and traditional learning tools. The authors described the most appropriate teaching methods for cloud technologies such as classroom learning, interactive and e-learning, practical methods. The article contains many examples of how to apply the proposed methodology in a real learning process.
2
De Castro-Valderrama, Marcela. Present-biased Government, Creative Accounting and a Pitfall in Balanced Budget Rules. Banco de la República, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1183.
Анотація:
I propose a general equilibrium model with a quasi-hyperbolic discounting government that optimally decides upon using creative accounting in order to evaluate a balanced budget rule and a debt rule. In that context, I find that a binding balanced budget rule could fail to properly constrain public overindebtedness when government uses creative accounting while a debt rule is effective, since targets are set on total public liabilities. Results suggest that a balanced budget fiscal rule can also deteriorate welfare due to the higher interest rates derived from doing operations under the line, implying future expenditure cuts that are harmful for households, who value public goods and services. A debt rule is also preferred for its capacity to reverse some welfare losses generated by the present-biased government.
3
Laguyás, Natalia, Fermín Vivanco, Carolina Carrasco, Carolina Piedrafita, and Camila De Ferrari. Proptech in Latin America and the Caribbean: How Technology Can Help Reduce the Housing Deficit. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004483.
Анотація:
Recognizing the widespread concern that disruptions created by technology have not yet benefited middle- and low-income households, this study explores the potential of PropTech to positively impact the housing challenges in the region, with a particular focus on the poor or vulnerable populations. This study reveals several emerging trends that offer insight to those thinking about digital transformation in the housing and real estate sector for Latin America and the Caribbean and serve as the foundation for more research. PropTech startups are defined broadly as fast-growing actors that are developing technology-based business models for housing real estate markets. This includes companies operating on most phases of the housing value chain, from the housing units supply side (land, construction, access to services, and home improvement) to the demand side (financing, renting, buying, selling, and commercializing units). PropTech startups mainly address two key issues in the traditional real estate market: lack of transparency and processes inefficiencies. Reducing costs and making information available equalizes the markets playing field. The opportunity for PropTech startups to develop business models that cover lower income brackets is still largely unexplored. Currently, profitable businesses are mostly serving high-income bracket groups. Thus, large-scale solutions that would make investing in the low-income segment profitable remain an opportunity for PropTech companies to target. Also, opportunities remain for startups to explore housing solutions that strengthen adaptation to climate change and curb harmful environmental impact through technology innovations through retrofitting efforts or the repurposing of existing units. The report pays special attention to the different links in the value chain and highlights success stories that are having an impact on the current housing market, resulting in a snapshot of scalable, private-sector-led solutions currently deployed to solve pressing housing problems in the region.
4
Kelly, Luke. Lessons on Disaster Resilience Pogramming in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.057.
Анотація:
This rapid literature review finds that lessons drawn from disaster resilience programmes in Pakistan are focused on the best ways to co-ordinate between different resilience work in different sectors. This can be difficult because of the number of NGOs with different sectoral expertise, short time frames for intervention, and the differing capacities of levels of Pakistani government. More generally, although the benefits of linking disaster risk reduction (DRR) to climate change adaptation (CCA) and development work are advocated in many policies, the fact that they are often undertaken by different actors limits synergies. The report also finds that most DRR work is focused on reducing risk from hazards rather than social vulnerabilities. Pakistan is vulnerable to climate change and a range of natural disasters. Following the earthquake in 2005 and floods in 2010, the Pakistani government and international donors have sought to increase the country's resilience to natural hazards. This literature review focuses on disaster risk reduction (DRR) efforts, as these constitute a significant portion of the resilience work in Pakistan. It first defines resilience, DRR and the related concept of CCA, as these all aim to improve resilience. It then surveys lessons learned in implementing resilience and DRR programmes in Pakistan. It focuses on lessons relating to sectoral focus, target populations, as well as strategic framework and operating models. It is mainly based on evaluations written by NGOs, UN bodies and international financial institutions. NGO reports are typically focused on specific programmes, although some point to broader features of the landscape for resilience programming in Pakistan. Academic papers charting the trends and issues in resilience programming have also been consulted.
5
Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia, Peter B. Kaufman, Shimon Meir, and Abraham H. Halevy. Inhibition of the Gravitropic Shoot Bending in Stored Cut Flowers Through Control of Their Graviperception: Involvement of the Cytoskeleton and Cytosolic Calcium. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586533.bard.
Анотація:
Original objectives: The basic goal of the present project was to study the mechanism involved in shoot graviperception and early transduction, in order to determine the sequence of events operating in this process. This will enable to control the entire process of gravity-induced differential growth without affecting vertical growth processes essential for development. Thus, several new postulated interactions, operating at the perception and early transduction stages of the signaling cascade leading to auxin-mediated bending, were proposed to be examined in snapdragon spikes and oat shoot pulvini, according to the following research goals: 1) Establish the role of amyloplasts as gravireceptors in shoots; 2) Investigate gravity-induced changes in the integrity of shoot actin cytoskeleton (CK); 3) Study the cellular interactions among actin CK, statoliths and cell membranes (endoplasmic reticulum - ER, plasma membrane - PM) during shoot graviperception; 4) Examine mediation of graviperception by modulations of cytosolic calcium - [Ca2+]cyt, and other second messengers (protein phosphorylation, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate - IP3). Revisions: 1) Model system: in addition to snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) spikes and oat (Avena sativa) shoot pulvini, the model system of maize (Zea mays) primary roots was targeted to confirm a more general mechanism for graviperception. 2) Research topic: brassinolide, which were not included in the original plan, were examined for their regulatory role in gravity perception and signal transduction in roots, in relation to auxin and ethylene. Background to the topic: The negative gravitropic response of shoots is a complex multi-step process that requires the participation of various cellular components acting in succession or in parallel. Most of the long-lasting studies regarding the link between graviperception and cellular components were focused mainly on roots, and there are relatively few reports on shoot graviperception. Our previous project has successfully characterized several key events occurring during shoot bending of cut flowers and oat pulvini, including amyloplast displacement, hormonal interactions and differential growth analysis. Based on this evidence, the present project has focused on studying the initial graviperception process in flowering stems and cereal shoots. Major conclusions and achievements: 1) The actin and not the microtubule (MT) CK is involved in the graviperception of snapdragon shoots. 2) Gravisensing, exhibited by amyloplast displacement, and early transduction events (auxin redistribution) in the gravitropic response of snapdragon spikes are mediated by the acto-myosin complex. 3) MTs are involved in stem directional growth, which occurs during gravitropism of cut snapdragon spikes, but they are not necessary for the gravity-induced differential growth. 4) The role of amyloplasts as gravisensors in the shoot endodermis was demonstrated for both plant systems. 5) A gravity-induced increase in IP.
6
Perera, Duminda, Ousmane Seidou, Jetal Agnihotri, Mohamed Rasmy, Vladimir Smakhtin, Paulin Coulibaly, and Hamid Mehmood. Flood Early Warning Systems: A Review Of Benefits, Challenges And Prospects. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/mjfq3791.
Анотація:
Floods are major water-related disasters that affect millions of people resulting in thousands of mortalities and billiondollar losses globally every year. Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWS) - one of the floods risk management measures - are currently operational in many countries. The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction recognises their importance and strongly advocates for an increase in their availability under the targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, despite widespread recognition of the importance of FEWS for disaster risk reduction (DRR), there’s a lack of information on their availability and status around the world, their benefits and costs, challenges and trends associated with their development. This report contributes to bridging these gaps by analyzing the responses to a comprehensive online survey with over 80 questions on various components of FEWS (risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and communication, and response capabilities), investments into FEWS, their operational effectiveness, benefits, and challenges. FEWS were classified as technologically “basic”, “intermediate” and “advanced” depending on the existence and sophistication of FEWS` components such as hydrological data = collection systems, data transfer systems, flood forecasting methods, and early warning communication methods. The survey questionnaire was distributed to flood forecasting and warning centers around the globe; the primary focus was developing and least-developed countries (LDCs). The questionnaire is available here: https://inweh.unu.edu/questionnaireevaluation-of-flood-early-warning-systems/ and can be useful in its own right for similar studies at national or regional scales, in its current form or with case-specific modifications. Survey responses were received from 47 developing (including LDCs) and six developed countries. Additional information for some countries was extracted from available literature. Analysis of these data suggests the existence of an equal number of “intermediate” and “advanced” FEWS in surveyed river basins. While developing countries overall appear to progress well in FEWS implementation, LDCs are still lagging behind since most of them have “basic” FEWS. The difference between types of operational systems in developing and developed countries appear to be insignificant; presence of basic, intermediate or advanced FEWS depends on available investments for system developments and continuous financing for their operations, and there is evidence of more financial support — on the order of USD 100 million — to FEWS in developing countries thanks to international aid. However, training the staff and maintaining the FEWS for long-term operations are challenging. About 75% of responses indicate that river basins have inadequate hydrological network coverage and back-up equipment. Almost half of the responders indicated that their models are not advanced and accurate enough to produce reliable forecasts. Lack of technical expertise and limited skilled manpower to perform forecasts was cited by 50% of respondents. The primary reason for establishing FEWS, based on the survey, is to avoid property damage; minimizing causalities and agricultural losses appear to be secondary reasons. The range of the community benefited by FEWS varies, but 55% of FEWS operate in the range between 100,000 to 1 million of population. The number of flood disasters and their causalities has declined since the year 2000, while 50% of currently operating FEWS were established over the same period. This decline may be attributed to the combined DRR efforts, of which FEWS are an integral part. In lower-middle-income and low-income countries, economic losses due to flood disasters may be smaller in absolute terms, but they represent a higher percentage of such countries’ GDP. In high-income countries, higher flood-related losses accounted for a small percentage of their GDP. To improve global knowledge on FEWS status and implementation in the context of Sendai Framework and SDGs, the report’s recommendations include: i) coordinate global investments in FEWS development and standardise investment reporting; ii) establish an international hub to monitor the status of FEWS in collaboration with the national responsible agencies. This will support the sharing of FEWS-related information for accelerated global progress in DRR; iii) develop a comprehensive, index-based ranking system for FEWS according to their effectiveness in flood disaster mitigation. This will provide clear standards and a roadmap for improving FEWS’ effectiveness, and iv) improve coordination between institutions responsible for flood forecasting and those responsible for communicating warnings and community preparedness and awareness.
7
Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia, Peter Kaufman, Shimon Meir, and Abraham Halevy. Signal Transduction Pathway of Hormonal Action in Control and Regulation of the Gravitropic Response of Cut Flowering Stems during Storage and Transport. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695838.bard.
Анотація:
Original objectives: The basic goal of the present project was to increase our understanding of the cellular mechanisms operating during the gravitropic response of cut flowers, for solving their bending problem without affecting flower quality. Thus, several elements operating at the 3 levels o the gravity-induced signal transduction pathway, were proposed to be examined in snapdragon stems according to the following research goals: 1) Signaling: characterize the signal transduction pathway leading to the gravitropic response, regarding the involvement of [Ca2+]cyt as a mediator of IAA movement and sensitivity to auxin. 2) Transduction by plant hormones: a) Examine the involvement of auxin in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to: possible participation of auxin binding protein (ABP), auxin redistribution, auxin mechanism of action (activation of H+-ATPase) mediation by changes in [Ca2+]cyt and possible regulation of auxin-induced Ca2+ action b: calmodulin-activated or Ca2+-activated protein kinases (PK). b) Examine the involvement of ethylene in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to auxin-induced ethylene production and sensitivity of the tissue to ethylene. 3) Response: examine the effect of gravistimulation on invertase (associated with growth and elongation) activity and invertase gene expression. 4) Commercial practice: develop practical and simple treatments to prevent bending of cut flowers grown for export. Revisions: 1) Model systems: in addition to snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.), 3 other model shoe systems, consisting of oat (Avena sativa) pulvini, Ornithogalun 'Nova' cut flowers and Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence, were targeted to confirm a more general mechanism for shoot gravitropism. 2 Research topics: the involvement of ABP, auxin action, PK and invertase in the gravitropic response of snapdragon stems could not be demonstrated. Alternatively, the involvement in the gravity signaling cascade of several other physiological mediators apart of [Ca2+]cyt such as: IP3, protein phosphorylation and actin cytoskeleton, was shown. Additional topics introduced: starch statolith reorientation, differential expression of early auxin responsive genes, and differential shoot growth. Background to the topic: The gravitropic bending response of flowering shoots occurring upon their horizontal placement during shipment exhibits a major horticultural problem. In spite of extensive studies in various aboveground organs, the gravitropic response was hardly investigated in flowering shoots. Being a complex multistep process that requires the participation of various cellular components acting in succession or in parallel, analysis of the negative gravitropic response of shoot includes investigation of signal transduction elements and various regulatory physiological mediators. Major achievements: 1) A correlative role for starch statoliths as gravireceptors in flowering shoot was initially established. 2) Differentially phosphorylated proteins and IP3 levels across the oat shoe pulvini, as well as a differential appearance of 2 early auxin-responsive genes in snapdragon stems were all detected within 5-30 minutes following gravistimulation. 3) Unlike in roots, involvement of actin cytoskeleton in early events of the gravitropic response of snapdragon shoots was established. 4) An asymmetric IAA distribution, followed by an asymmetric ethylene production across snapdragon stems was found following gravistimulation. 5) The gravity-induced differential growth in shoots of snapdragon was derived from initial shrinkage of the upper stem side and a subsequent elongation o the lower stem side. 6) Shoot bending could be successfully inhibited by Ca2+ antagonists (that serve as a basis for practical treatments), kinase and phosphatase inhibitors and actin-cytoskeleton modulators. All these agents did not affect vertical growth. The essential characterization of these key events and their sequence led us to the conclusion that blocking gravity perception may be the most powerful means to inhibit bending without hampering shoot and flower growth after harvest. Implications, scientific and agriculture: The innovative results of this project have provided some new insight in the basic understanding of gravitropism in flower stalks, that partially filled the gap in our knowledge, and established useful means for its control. Additionally, our analysis has advanced the understanding of important and fundamental physiological processes involved, thereby leading to new ideas for agriculture. Gravitropism has an important impact on agriculture, particularly for controlling the bending of various important agricultural products with economic value. So far, no safe control of the undesired bending problem of flower stalks has been established. Our results show for the first time that shoot bending of cut flowers can be inhibited without adverse effects by controlling the gravity perception step with Ca2+ antagonists and cytoskeleton modulators. Such a practical benefit resulting from this project is of great economic value for the floriculture industry.
8
Comparative Analysis on Fuel Consumption Between Two Online Strategies for P2 Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Adaptive-RuleBased (A-RB) vs Adaptive-Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (A-ECMS). SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0740.
Анотація:
Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) represent one of the main technological options for reducing vehicle CO2 emissions, helping car manufacturers (OEMs) to meet the stricter targets which are set by the European Green Deal for new passenger cars at 80 g CO2/km by 2025. The optimal power-split between the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the electric motor is a challenge since it depends on many unpredictable variables. In fact, HEV improvements in fuel economy and emissions strongly depend on the energy management strategy (EMS) on-board of the vehicle. Dynamic Programming approach (DP), direct methods and Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) are some of the most used methodologies to optimize the HEV power-split. In this paper two online strategies are evaluated: an Adaptive-RuleBased (A-RB) and an Adaptive-Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (A-ECMS). At first, a description of the P2 HEV model is made. Second, the two sub-optimal strategies are described in detail and then implemented on the HEV model to derive the fuel-optimal control strategy managing the power split between the thermal and electric engine to satisfy the driver's power request, including the engine on/off operating mode and the best gear selection. Finally, the two proposed strategies are tested on different driving cycles and then compared to other commercial strategies available in literature, such as the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) and a RuleBased (RB) strategy. The results show that the A-ECMS is more conservative in terms of state of charge (SoC) compared to the A-RB. In fact, in the A-ECMS the SoC is always within the admissible range with considerable margin from the upper and lower limits for tested cycles, while in the A-RB a deep discharge of the battery is allowed. This behavior leads to a better fuel consumption of the A-RB compared to the A-ECMS, both in the WLTC and in the FTP-75 cycle.