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Статті в журналах з теми "The -ble suffix":
1
Schuwer, Martine. "Le suffixe adjectival –ble : Impacts sémantique et syntaxique de la dérivation." ASp, no. 23-26 (December 1, 1999): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/asp.2315.
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Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz. "Greek Durative Verbs with the Nasal Infix and Suffix." Fluminensia 32, no. 2 (2020): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/f.32.2.9.
Анотація:
The Indo-European nasal infix presents have not been explained so far from the semantic point of view. The present author argues that the infix *-n(e)- originally expressed the feature of durativity. Due to the diachronic externalization of inflection this nasal morpheme later evolved into a suffix added to the verbal root. Numerous durative verbs with the nasal marker -an- are attested as early as the 2nd millennium BCE in the Anatolian languages; cf. Hittite iy-ann-a/i- ‘to march, go a long distance’, Palaic iyannnai ‘he marches (a long distance)’ vs. Hitt. i- ‘to go’, Luw. i-, Hier.Luw. i-, Lat. eō, īre, Lith. eĩti, OChSl. iti ‘id.’ (< PIE. *h1ei- ‘to go’). The durative verbs in question, as well as the related nouns with the durative suffix *-ano-, also appear in other Indo-European languages, cf. Toch. B yaneṃ ‘they walk, go (for a long time)’. Numerous Greek present forms (e.g. ἁνδάνω, θιγγάνω, λαμβάνω, λανθάνω, λιμπάνω, μανθάνω, πυνθάνομαι and so on) document the same nasal morpheme not only infixed into a verbal root, but also in the form of the suffix -αν-. It is to be explained as the effect of the diachronic externalization of the durative (nasal) morpheme. The Greek verbal forms with the nasal infix and the nasal suffix should be treated as intermediate or hybrid. Newer forms (indicating the durativity of the action) in Greek contain only a nasal suffix (e.g. αὐξάνω, ἱζάνω, ἰσχάνω, κευθάνω, ληθάνω, οἰδάνω, ῥοφάνω).
3
Andrikopoulos, Corey J., and James H. Cane. "Two Prolonged Bee Visits Suffice to Maximize Drupelet Set for Red Raspberry." HortScience 53, no. 10 (October 2018): 1404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13124-18.
Анотація:
Red raspberry is one of the many fruit crops reliant on the European honey bee for pollination services. Recent declines among managed honey bee colonies coupled with expanding U.S. acreage have led to a marked increase in the cost of U.S. colony rentals for raspberry. The current stocking density recommendation for raspberry is 2 to 5 colonies/ha. This estimate is based on the assumption that a raspberry flower requires dozens of visits to achieve maximal drupelet set. Recent studies, however, suggest that far fewer visits are required for full drupelet set. Here, drupelet set resulting from bee visitation to a raspberry flower is assessed to determine if two prolonged visits will suffice to maximize drupelet set. For all three red raspberry cultivars examined there was no difference in drupelet set resulting from two visits when compared with openly pollinated flowers, the two visits being the first prolonged visit on each of two consecutive mornings. These findings should help refine honey bee stocking densities to better match the pollination needs of cultivated red raspberries.
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Habrajska, Grażyna, Mikołaj Rychło, and Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak. "Collective nouns denoting trees in the Scandinavian languages." Scandinavian Philology 18, no. 2 (2020): 261–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2020.203.
Анотація:
This article discusses the collective names of trees used in the Scandinavian languages, as well as the formation process of similar collective names in Eastern and Western Germanic. It should be emphasized that the Northern Germanic languages used the suffix *-ijan for creating collective nouns which denote ‘a group of trees’, e. g. ON. birki n. coll. ‘birch forest’, Icel. birki ‘birch forest; birch’, Norw. birki ‘birch forest’, Swed. björke ‘birch forest, birch grove’ (< PG. *berkijan n. coll. ‘a group of birches, birch forest, birch grove’ PG. *berkō f. ‘birch, Betula’). The same suffix denoting collectivity and originating from the Proto-Indo-European language is also present as *-ьje in most Slavic languages, cf. Ru. dial. берéзье n. coll. ‘birch forest, birch twigs’; OPol. brzezie n. ‘birch grove or forest’; Cz. březí n. ‘small birch-grove’, also břízí n. ‘birch twigs, birch-wood’; Slovak brezie n. ‘small birch-forest, birch-grove’; SC. bre ̑ z je n. coll. ‘birch forest’, Sloven. brẹ̑ zje n. ‘id.’ (< PSl. *berzьje n. coll. ‘group of birches, birch forest, birchgrove’ PSl. *bȅrza f. ‘birch, Betula’). Further possible traces of the same suffix can be found in the Baltic languages (cf. OPrus. pannean n. ‘mossy fen’ vs. Go. fani n. ‘mud’, OSax. feni n. ‘fen’) suggesting that the Proto-Indo-European collective suffix can be reconstructed as *-ii̯ o m (n. coll.). It seems probable that some northern Indo-European tribes used the derivative word *bhe r ̥h 2 ĝ i i̯ o m (n.) to denote ‘a group of birch trees’, especially ‘a birch grove’ or ‘a birch forest’.
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Amil, Feroz Mahmud, Shanto Rahman, Md Mostafijur Rahman, and Emon Kumar Dey. "Bilateral Histogram Equalization for Contrast Enhancement." International Journal of Software Innovation 4, no. 4 (October 2016): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2016100102.
Анотація:
As image enhancement is a well discussed issue, various methods have already been proposed till to date. Some of these methods perform well for specific applications but most of the techniques suffer from artifacts due to the over or under enhancement. To mitigate this problem a new technique namely Bilateral Histogram Equalization for contrast enhancement (BHE) which uses Harmonic mean of the image to divide the histogram is introduced. BHE is evaluated in both qualitative and quantitative manner and the results show that BHE creates less artifacts on several standard images than other existing state-of-the-art image enhancement techniques.
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Safin, R. S., А. F. Yusupova, А. Z. Farrakhov, and N. N. M. Valiullina. "Preoperative radionuclide diagnostics of bile duct hypertension." Kazan medical journal 79, no. 6 (November 15, 1998): 467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj65021.
Анотація:
It is known that 10% of the world's population suffer from cholelithiasis (cholelithiasis), while the number of patients is growing steadily, doubling every decade. Such a rate of increase in the incidence has led to the search for new methods of diagnosis and treatment.
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Shumkova, Rositsa, Boyko Neov, Daniela Sirakova, Ani Georgieva, Dimitar Gadjev, Denitsa Teofanova, Georgi Radoslavov, Maria Bouga, and Peter Hristov. "Molecular detection and phylogenetic assessment of six honeybee viruses in Apis mellifera L. colonies in Bulgaria." PeerJ 6 (June 20, 2018): e5077. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5077.
Анотація:
Honey bee colonies suffer from various pathogens, including honey bee viruses. About 24 viruses have been reported so far. However, six of them are considered to cause severe infection which inflicts heavy losses on beekeeping. The aim of this study was to investigate incidence of six honey bee viruses: deformed wing virus (DWV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), sacbrood virus (SBV), kashmir bee virus (KBV), and black queen cell virus (BQCV) by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A total of 250 adult honey bee samples were obtained from 50 colonies from eight apiaries situated in three different parts of the country (South, North and West Bulgaria). The results showed the highest prevalence of DWV followed by SBV and ABPV, and one case of BQCV. A comparison with homology sequences available in GenBank was performed by phylogenetic analysis, and phylogenetic relationships were discussed in the context of newly described genotypes in the uninvestigated South Eastern region of Europe. In conclusion, the present study has been the first to provide sequencing data and phylogenetics analyses of some honey bee viruses in Bulgaria.
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Liang, Quan. "Research progress of cholangiocarcinoma induced by liver fluke infection." Infection International 6, no. 4 (April 10, 2018): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ii-2018-0003.
Анотація:
AbstractA liver fluke is a digenetic trematode parasitizing in the hepatic ducts of human beings or animals. Patients with liver fluke infection suffer from a series of hepatobiliary diseases. The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma is significantly high in areas with a high incidence of clonorchiasis. A liver fluke is an important biocarcinogenic factor in the occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma. The secretory products of the body of this parasite and long-term mechanical stimulation induce continuous inflammation of the bile duct. Gene expression of the bile duct cells is imbalanced, leading to carcinogenesis of the bile duct. This article provides a summary of recent studies on the epidemiology, clinicopathology, and molecular biology of cholangiocarcinoma induced by liver fluke infection.
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Harwood, Gyan P., and Adam G. Dolezal. "Pesticide–Virus Interactions in Honey Bees: Challenges and Opportunities for Understanding Drivers of Bee Declines." Viruses 12, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12050566.
Анотація:
Honey bees are key agricultural pollinators, but beekeepers continually suffer high annual colony losses owing to a number of environmental stressors, including inadequate nutrition, pressures from parasites and pathogens, and exposure to a wide variety of pesticides. In this review, we examine how two such stressors, pesticides and viruses, may interact in additive or synergistic ways to affect honey bee health. Despite what appears to be a straightforward comparison, there is a dearth of studies examining this issue likely owing to the complexity of such interactions. Such complexities include the wide array of pesticide chemical classes with different modes of actions, the coupling of many bee viruses with ectoparasitic Varroa mites, and the intricate social structure of honey bee colonies. Together, these issues pose a challenge to researchers examining the effects pesticide-virus interactions at both the individual and colony level.
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Pasternak, Artur, Jolanta Bugajska, Mirosław Szura, Jerzy A. Walocha, Andrzej Matyja, Mariusz Gajda, Krystyna Sztefko, and Krzysztof Gil. "Biliary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Telocytes in Gallstone Disease." Cell Transplantation 26, no. 1 (January 2017): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096368916x692717.
Анотація:
It has been reported that intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. It also influences bile composition, decreasing biliary cholesterol saturation in the bile of patients with gallstones. In addition to bile composition disturbances, gallbladder hypomotility must be a cofactor in the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis, as it leads to the prolonged nucleation phase. Our current knowledge about gallbladder motility has been enhanced by the study of a population of newly described interstitial (stromal) cells—telocytes (TCs). The purpose of this study was to determine whether TC loss, reported by our team recently, might be related to bile lithogenicity, expressed as cholesterol saturation index or the difference in biliary PUFA profiles in patients who suffer from cholecystolithiasis and those not affected by this disease. We determined biliary lipid composition including the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid species in bile. Thus, we investigated whether differences in biliary fatty acid profiles (ω-3 PUFA and ω-6 PUFA) in gallbladder bile may influence its lithogenicity and the quantity of TCs within the gallbladder wall. We conclude that the altered PUFA concentrations in the gallbladder bile, with elevation of ω-6 PUFA, constitute important factors influencing TC density in the gallbladder wall, being one of the possible pathophysiological components for the gallstone disease development. This study established that altered bile composition in patients with cholelithiasis may influence TC quantity within the gallbladder muscle, and we concluded that reduction in TC number may be a consequence of the supersaturated bile toxicity, while some other bile components (ω-3 PUFA, glycocholic, and taurocholic acids) may exert protective effects on TC and thus possibly influence the mechanisms regulating gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct motility. Thus, ω-3 PUFA may represent a possible option to prevent formation of cholesterol gallstones.
Дисертації з теми "The -ble suffix":
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Renman, Josefin. "A study on the postposition of adjectives ending in-ible and -able." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194234.
Анотація:
In the English language adjectives can either be placed before the noun or after the nounin the noun phrase. This thesis is concerned with the postposition of adjectives inEnglish. It is particularly concerned with adjectives ending in -ible and -able which caneither take a prepositive or postpositive position when modified by a superlativeadjective, only or next etc. In the theoretical section of this study, reasons for whypostposition might occur and historic information about the -ble suffix are described.The usage of these adjectives in both the prepositive and postpositive position isfurthermore excerpted from the Corpus of Contemporary American English. Twentyadjectives from the adjective sample are further analysed in detail regarding theirpostposition, to ascertain which characteristics might lead to postposition, in principlesemantics, domain usage, etymology, syntactic function, and the characteristics of theirnoun collocates. Ten nouns are further analysed using the same criteria to ascertain ifcertain nouns can affect the postposition of adjectives in the noun phrase. From theseexamples, conclusions about the common characteristics of adjectives ending in -blethat prefer the postpositive position are drawn. The results showed that -ible adjectiveshad a 17.4% tendency to be postposed, whereas -able adjectives had a 17.5 % tendencyto be postposed. Which can be compared to the 4.6 % chance that an adjective ispostposed in English. -Ible and -able adjectives were, furthermore, mostly postposed inprepositional phrases, phrases with complements and in fixed expressions. The -ibleadjectives were also often of Latin or French origin, whilst the -able adjectives were ofFrench origin. These adjectives were moreover commonly used in the academic domainand denoted a dynamic sense. Their noun collocates were, lastly, commonly inanimate,intangible objects used in the academic domain.
2
Möller, Mirjam. "Vowel Harmony in Bale : A study of ATR harmony in a Surmic language of Ethiopia." Thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm University, Stockholm University, Stockholm University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-29444.
Анотація:
ATR, advanced tongue root, is a phonological feature among vowels. As vowels assimilate to share the same value of that feature, they display ATR harmony. This is a common phenomenon among many African languages. ATR harmony is examined in this paper as manifested across morpheme boundaries wihin nouns in a Surmic language of Ethiopia called Bale. The data presented was collected at a workshop on ATR harmony held by SIL International in Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia, 2009. The vowel system in Bale displays a nine vowel inventory with a feature dominance of [+ATR] vowels which spread their feature both leftward and rightward to recessive [–ATR] vowels. The [+ATR] dominance is also present as a floating feature without any phonological material. The vowel /a/ is analysed as a neutral vowel, co-occuring with both [+ATR] and [–ATR] vowels within roots.
3
Brodin, Emmy, and Simon Karemo. "Sometimes business needs to suffer to create a better society in the long run : A case study of the implications of governmental policies on Swedish companies doing business in South Africa." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53505.
Анотація:
To integrate the previously disadvantaged population that suffered from the apartheid in South Africa, the government has implemented policies to let them participate in the country’s growing economy. These policies are called the Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policies and are affecting both local and international businesses. Through a qualitative research method with a deductive approach, the research creates a deeper understanding of how Swedish firms adapt and commit as an effect of the BEE policies. Through already established internationalization theories, we created a theoretical framework as a platform to gather and analyze the empirical data. The theoretical implications show how the BEE policies can disrupt and challenge the commitment that is characterized in different entry modes. It also challenges previous research and brings up Swedish companies’ willingness to adapt with the policies and commit their resources in order to overcome the obstacles of BEE and benefit the growth of South Africa.
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Setegn, Shimelis Gebriye. "Hydrological and sediment Yield modelling in Lake Tana Basin, Blue Nile Ethiopia." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Mark- och vattenteknik, Land and Water Resource Engineering, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4796.
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Jacobsson, Madeleine. "Dr. Eleine Mad." Thesis, Kungl. Konsthögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kkh:diva-587.
Анотація:
Dr. Eleine Mad är Madeleine Jacobsssons talesperson för dom vetenskapliga och paranormala upptäckter som uppstår i hennes världar. Hon beskriver innehåll, teknik och estetik utifrån ett kategoriseringssytem där konsten delas upp som olika typer av komponenter och därefter avkodas dessa allteftersom. För att förstå intuitionens inblandning i arbetsprocessen omförvandlas den till tre separata roller av en Sökare, Samlare och Myntare. Med rollerna försöker jag beskriva på vilka sätt som intuitionen är till gagn eller av förödelse för det konstnärliga arbetet. Sagan om M handlar om en grodlik karaktär, Delop, som lämnar sin hemplanet för att uppsöka andra världar. I sitt sökande hittar Delop ett folkslag vars syn och levnadssätt skiljer sig från hennes erfarenheter av “verkligheten” såsom hon lärt sig att överleva i den.Dr. Eleine Mad is Madeleine Jacobsson's spokesperson for the scientific and paranormal discoveries that arise in her worlds. She describes content, tecniques and aesthetics based on a categorization system where art is divided into different types of components and then decoded as they go. To understand the intuition's involvement in the work process, it is transformed into three separate roles by a Seeker, Collector and a Myntare(In swedish language the one who is a "myntare" -is verbally declaring a concept or term). With these roles I try to describe in what ways intuition is beneficial or devastating to the artistic work. The story of M is about a frog-like character, Delop, who leaves the home planet to seek out other worlds. In her search, Delop finds a world whose views and lifestyles differ from her experiences of "reality" as she learned to survive in it.
Recorded sound and image material of the presentation is available for private use.
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Weinertová, Veronika. "Sufix -bile v současné italštině a jeho české ekvivalenty v paralelním korpusu." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329068.
Анотація:
This thesis deals with functional equivalents of Italian adjectives with the suffix -bile in present-day Italian based on the Czech-Italian parallel linguistic corpus InterCorp. In the opening theoretical part the main objective of the thesis is introduced - a comparison of the Czech suffix -telný with the Italian suffix -bile. In the next chapters the thesis focuses on corpus material characteristics - on frequency list - from qualitative and quantitative aspects and on Czech equivalents' typology. The last part concentrates on statistical evaluation of Czech translation solutions, on the individual percentage representation of Czech equivalents' variants and on general trends while translating these adjectives with the suffix -bile into Czech.
Книги з теми "The -ble suffix":
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Thomasson, Melissa A. Did Blue Cross and Blue Shield suffer from adverse selection?: Evidence from the 1950s. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.
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Massuet, Maria Isabel Oltra. Deverbal adjectives at the interface: A crosslinguistic investigation into the morphology, syntax and semantics of -ble. Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2014.
3
Jayamanne, Laleen. Poetic Cinema and the Spirit of the Gift in the Films of Pabst, Parajanov, Kubrick and Ruiz. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726245.
Анотація:
Poetic Cinema and the Spirit of the Gift in the Films of Pabst, Parajanov, Kubrick and Ruiz explores the poetic thinking of these master filmmakers. It examines theoretical ideas, including Maori anthropology of the gift and Sufi philosophy of the image, to conceive film as abundant gift. Elaborating on how this gift may be received, this book imagines film as our indispensable mentor - a wild mentor who teaches us how to think with moving images by learning to perceive evanescent forms that simply appear and disappear.
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Woodbury, Anthony. Central Alaskan Yupik (Eskimo-Aleut). Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.30.
Анотація:
This is a sketch of polysynthesis in Central Alaskan Yupik (CAY) based on the Cup’ik dialect of Chevak, Alaska. CAY has well-defined words whose content is often holophrastic and whose parts are often word-like. Holophrasis is achieved by a combination of rich inflectional suffixation and by a derivational morphology in which several hundred productive suffixes bearing different lexical and grammatical meanings and functions may be added, recursively, to a lexical base. Each suffix selects the category of its base, over which it normally has scope, and determines the category of the resultant base. This simple but prolific suffixation-based system, termed ‘morphological orthodoxy’, yields long, polysynthetic words. Three cases are then discussed where suffixal elements govern constructions that in one way or another stretch CAY’s orthodox morphology, motivating them by showing parallel constructions governed by elements with similar grammatical and semantic content in languages with more heterodox morphology and syntax.
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Wetzels, Leo, and Stella Telles. Polysynthesis in Lakondê, a Northern Nambikwaran Language of Brazil. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.42.
Анотація:
Lakondê, together with Mamaindê and Latundê, belongs to the Northern Nambikwara branch of the Nambikwara linguistic family spoken in Northwestern Brazil. The language is head-marking, predominantly suffixal, and of great derivational productivity. It has an elaborate system of nominal classifiers; it is incorporating, with nuclear arguments integrated in the morphology of the verb. Lakondê has two ways of incorporating nouns: one is prefixal when the incorporated morphemes represent body parts; the other is suffixal, involving nominal classifiers. When the incorporation occurs in dynamic verbs, the integrated classifier morphemes assume the role of direct object. The verbal template provides for more than thirty morpheme positions, which, from the point of view of their function, can be categorized as argumental, adverbial, evidential, and TAM. Flexional suffixes may function as nuclear arguments and dispense with the lexical realization of the subject and the object. With these characteristics Lakondê may be classified as a typical polysynthetic language.
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Gillon, Carrie, and Nicole Rosen. Plurality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795339.003.0003.
Анотація:
Michif has two different morphological exponents of plurality: the French-derived article lii and the Cree-derived suffix -a/-ak. This chapter investigates the syntax and the semantics of both plural markers, and shows that the two plurals cannot occupy the same position (as they can co-occur) and that lii occupies Num while -a/-ak occupies Div. The plural article lii is a ‘counting plural’ (following Mathieu 2013, 2014) and the plural suffix -a/-ak is a ‘dividing plural’ (following Borer 2005; Borer and Ouwayda 2010). The suffix -a/-ak can only occur on Algonquian-derived nouns, not French nouns, and it always creates count nouns. This analysis entails that multiple positions for ‘true’ plurality must be available to languages (contra Borer and Ouwayda 2010). This analysis also has implications for the semantics of Algonquian-derived nouns vs French-derived nouns, the development of Michif and—potentially—the semantics of plurality in Plains Cree.
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Laughren, Mary. The Ergative in Warlpiri: A Case Study. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.39.
Анотація:
The DP subject of a Warlpiri finite clause containing verbs of a certain class is marked with the ergative suffix whereas other DP subjects are morphologically unmarked. This chapter examines the wider distribution in Warlpiri of the ergative morpheme and the varied functions of ergative-marked DPs in both finite and non-finite clauses. Particular focus is on the relationship between the subject-marking and instrument adjunct-marking role of the ergative suffix. Unlike finite transitive clauses in which both an agent subject and an instrument adjunct are marked ergative, in non-finite clauses only one of these can be marked ergative: the instrument adjunct in clauses where the agent subject is realized either as phonologically null PRO or as a dative case-marked DP external to the verb phrase; the agent or instrument subject contained in the infinitival phrase embedded in a stative predicate whose external subject is co-referent with the logical object of the embedded verb.
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Starke, Michal. Complex Left Branches, Spellout, and Prefixes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876746.003.0009.
Анотація:
Higher-function words such as complementizers, negation, functional prepositions, definiteness particles, comparative markers, and so forth, occurring to the left of their lexical category, are argued to be base-generated as complex left branches, rather than spelling out the main functional sequence. This is generalized to all (base-generated) pre-asymmetries and post-asymmetries and derived from the structure of the lexical entries of the function words, dispensing with idiosyncratic notational devices equivalent to [+ suffix] or [+ needs-to-move]. These complex left branches require a merge-XP operation, and the place of this operation in the algorithm of spellout-driven movement is discussed.
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Yilmaz, Hüseyin. Caliphate Redefined. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691197135.001.0001.
Анотація:
The medieval theory of the caliphate, epitomized by the Abbasids (750–1258), was the construct of jurists who conceived it as a contractual leadership of the Muslim community in succession to the Prophet Muhammed's political authority. This book traces how a new conception of the caliphate emerged under the Ottomans, who redefined the caliph as at once a ruler, a spiritual guide, and a lawmaker corresponding to the prophet's three natures. Challenging conventional narratives that portray the Ottoman caliphate as a fading relic of medieval Islamic law, the book offers a novel interpretation of authority, sovereignty, and imperial ideology by examining how Ottoman political discourse led to the mystification of Muslim political ideals and redefined the caliphate. It illuminates how Ottoman Sufis reimagined the caliphate as a manifestation and extension of cosmic divine governance. The Ottoman Empire arose in Western Anatolia and the Balkans, where charismatic Sufi leaders were perceived to be God's deputies on earth. The book traces how Ottoman rulers, in alliance with an increasingly powerful Sufi establishment, continuously refashioned and legitimated their rule through mystical imageries of authority, and how the caliphate itself reemerged as a moral paradigm that shaped early modern Muslim empires.
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Canger, Una. Nawatl (Uto-Aztecan). Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.37.
Анотація:
A brief introduction places the language, Nawatl, geographically and chronologically, with emphasis on dialect diversity and the long-documented history of the language. The dialect spoken in one community in Northern Puebla is in focus in the following. Basic typological features of this dialect are presented. A valency system based on verb derivation is outlined. A conceptual approach to valency is adopted, and it leads to no recognition of anti-passive in Nawatl. A suffix, ta/te:, the function of which is to broadly suspend referentiality to subject, object, and possessor, is presented. Reduplication is shown to be equally broadly used with several meanings. A brief presentation of a second Nawatl dialect shows that Nawatl dialects cannot all be said to display equally strong polysynthetic features.
Частини книг з теми "The -ble suffix":
1
Saturno, Jacopo. "Strategie di formazione delle parole in varietà iniziali di polacco L2." In Le lingue slave tra struttura e uso, 279–303. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-328-5.16.
Анотація:
This paper describes word formation as observed in the earliest stages of L2 Polish. 31 L1 Italian beginning learners took part in a 14-hour Polish course, which was recorded, transcribed and morphologically tagged in order to correlate learner output with the relevant input features. After 4:30 hours, the learners could produce new words using the derivational suffix -k-, which in the input can be found in the majority of feminine nouns. This finding suggests that after minimal exposure, learners can identify the morphological structure of a class of nouns and reproduce it in their output.
2
Berzish, Murphy, Mitja Kulczynski, Federico Mora, Florin Manea, Joel D. Day, Dirk Nowotka, and Vijay Ganesh. "An SMT Solver for Regular Expressions and Linear Arithmetic over String Length." In Computer Aided Verification, 289–312. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_14.
Анотація:
AbstractWe present a novel length-aware solving algorithm for the quantifier-free first-order theory over regex membership predicate and linear arithmetic over string length. We implement and evaluate this algorithm and related heuristics in the Z3 theorem prover. A crucial insight that underpins our algorithm is that real-world regex and string formulas contain a wealth of information about upper and lower bounds on lengths of strings, and such information can be used very effectively to simplify operations on automata representing regular expressions. Additionally, we present a number of novel general heuristics, such as the prefix/suffix method, that can be used to make a variety of regex solving algorithms more efficient in practice. We showcase the power of our algorithm and heuristics via an extensive empirical evaluation over a large and diverse benchmark of 57256 regex-heavy instances, almost 75% of which are derived from industrial applications or contributed by other solver developers. Our solver outperforms five other state-of-the-art string solvers, namely, CVC4, OSTRICH, Z3seq, Z3str3, and Z3-Trau, over this benchmark, in particular achieving a speedup of 2.4$$\times $$ × over CVC4, 4.4$$\times $$ × over Z3seq, 6.4$$\times $$ × over Z3-Trau, 9.1$$\times $$ × over Z3str3, and 13$$\times $$ × over OSTRICH.
3
van Schaaik, Gerjan. "Projections." In The Oxford Turkish Grammar, 271–303. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851509.003.0024.
Анотація:
Tense is typically a trait of verbs and the suffixes associated with it cannot be applied to members of other lexical categories. But still it is possible to imagine something expressed by a nominal sentence to have been the case in the past. Turkish has a small number of suffixes which can be applied to all types of sentence in order to create a certain projection. The first section deals with projection in the past, and interestingly, application to a tensed verbal predicate leads to compound tenses. Next, the suffix associated with indirect observation (reported past, inference) is introduced, and thirdly, the suffix which deals with hypothetical statements is discussed. There are many possible and impossible combinations across these three suffixes. The fourth suffix is used for assumptions and in statements of general validity.
4
van Schaaik, Gerjan. "On negation." In The Oxford Turkish Grammar, 205–6. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851509.003.0017.
Анотація:
This chapter is intended as a mere announcement that there are three types of negation in Turkish. Each of these types has its own specific domain. First, to a verbal stem various (verbal) suffixes can be attached. Verbal negation goes by suffixation, and if a verb is to be negated, the negating suffix is added directly to the verb stem. Secondly, nominal sentences all make use of the negation particle değil ‘not’. The third type of negation occurs in existential expressions: the notion ‘there is’ is expressed by var and its negational counterpart is yok ‘there is not’. Furthermore, to a limited extent intrinsic negation is expressed in adverbial phrases by olmadan ‘without’ or by a noun expanded by the privative suffix –sIz ‘without’. Also the particle ne … ne ‘neither … nor’ has a negative meaning.
5
Alves, Diego, Askars Salimbajevs, and Mārcis Pinnis. "Data Augmentation for Pipeline-Based Speech Translation." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia200605.
Анотація:
Pipeline-based speech translation methods may suffer from errors found in speech recognition system output. Therefore, it is crucial that machine translation systems are trained to be robust against such noise. In this paper, we propose two methods for parallel data augmentation for pipeline-based speech translation system development. The first method utilises a speech processing workflow to introduce errors and the second method generates commonly found suffix errors using a rule-based method. We show that the methods in combination allow significantly improving speech translation quality by 1.87 BLEU points over a baseline system.
6
Treiman, Rebecca. "Inflected and Derived Words." In Beginning to Spell. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195062199.003.0013.
Анотація:
In this chapter, I discuss the first graders’ spellings of inflected and derived words. The children in this study often misspelled inflected words (Chapter 2). One type of error that has already been documented is the omission of inflectional endings like the /s/ of books (Chapter 8). This chapter considers the children’s spellings of inflected and derived words in more detail. Before beginning the discussion, some definitions and examples are in order. In English, inflections are added to the ends of words to mark such things as tense and number. For example, helped contains the verb stem help plus the past tense inflectional suffix. I refer to the past tense suffix as -D. Helped contains two morphemes or units of meaning, help and -D. The inflected word books also contains two morphemes, the stem book and the plural suffix -Z. As these examples show, the addition of an inflectional suffix does not change a word’s part of speech. Derivations differ in several ways from inflections. For one thing, English derivational morphemes may be either prefixes or suffixes. One derivational prefix is re-, which may be added to the verb read to form reread. Derivational suffixes include -ion and -ly. Unlike inflections, derivations may change a word’s part of speech. For example, the noun vacation is derived from the verb vacate by the addition of-ion; the adjective facial is derived from the noun face by the addition of -ial. The relation in meaning between a stem and a derived form is often less transparent than the relation in meaning between a stem and an inflected form. For instance, one cannot predict the full meaning of vacation from the meaning of its parts. As discussed in Chapter 1, the spellings of inflected and derived words in English often represent the words’ morphemic forms rather than their phonemic forms. For example, the past tense suffix is /t/ in words like helped, whose stem ends with a voiceless consonant, but /d/ in words like cleaned, whose stem ends with a voiced consonant. The phonemic forms of stems, too, sometimes change when inflectional or derivational morphemes are added.
7
Giancarlo, R., and R. Grossi. "Suffix Tree Data Structures for Matrices." In Pattern Matching Algorithms. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113679.003.0013.
Анотація:
We discuss the suffix tree generalization to matrices in this chapter. We extend the suffix tree notion (described in Chapter 3) from text strings to text matrices whose entries are taken from an ordered alphabet with the aim of solving pattern-matching problems. This suffix tree generalization can be efficiently used to implement low-level routines for Computer Vision, Data Compression, Geographic Information Systems and Visual Databases. We examine the submatrices in the form of the text’s contiguous parts that still have a matrix shape. Representing these text submatrices as “suitably formatted” strings stored in a compacted trie is the rationale behind suffix trees for matrices. The choice of the format inevitably influences suffix tree construction time and space complexity. We first deal with square matrices and show that many suffix tree families can be defined for the same input matrix according to the matrix’s string representations. We can store each suffix tree in linear space and give an efficient construction algorithm whose input is both the matrix and the string representation chosen. We then treat rectangular matrices and define their corresponding suffix trees by means of some general rules which we list formally. We show that there is a super-linear lower bound to the space required (in contrast with the linear space required by suffix trees for square matrices). We give a simple example of one of these suffix trees. The last part of the chapter illustrates some technical results regarding suffix trees for square matrices: we show how to achieve an expected linear-time suffix tree construction for a constant-size alphabet under some mild probabilistic assumptions about the input distribution. We begin by defining a wide class of string representations for square matrices. We let Σ denote an ordered alphabet of characters and introduce another alphabet of five special characters, called shapes. A shape is one of the special characters taken from set {IN,SW,NW,SE,NE}. Shape IN encodes the 1x1 matrix generated from the empty matrix by creating a square.
8
Wright, Laura. "On Non-integrated Vocabulary in the Mixed-language Accounts of St Paul’s Cathedral, 1315–1405." In Latin in Medieval Britain. British Academy, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266083.003.0012.
Анотація:
Accounts of institutions and private individuals between the Norman Conquest and about 1500 were routinely written in a non-random mixture of Medieval Latin, Anglo-Norman, and Middle English. If the base language was Medieval Latin, then only nouns, stems of verbs, and certain semantic fields such as weights and measures could appear in English or French, with all the grammatical material in Latin and English and Anglo-Norman nouns, verbs, and adjectives Latinised by adding a suffix, or an abbreviation sign representing a suffix. If the base language was Anglo-Norman, then only the same restricted semantic fields and nouns and stems of verbs could appear in English. This situation changed over time, but was essentially stable for almost five hundred years. The chapter asks why, if English words could easily be assimilated into a Latin or French matrix by means of suffixes or abbreviations representing suffixes, were all English words not assimilated? Why did letter graphies such as <wr->, <-ck>, <-ght> persist in mixed-language business writing? One effect is to make the text-type of business writing very unlike any other genre—half a glance is all it takes to recognise a mixed-language business document and that may have been an advantage.
9
Stankov, Rostislav. "The Suffix -ic-ĭ in the Slavonic Languages." In Slavic and Balkan linguistics, 261–83. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3372.2020.1.13.
Анотація:
The section in some way continues the previous work on the name of the Great Moravia’s prince Ðàñò¸öü, in which suffix -ic-ь stands out. The section discusses controversial issues related to the suffix -ic-ь. The analysis reveals that at the level of the Proto-Slavonic language the suffix -ic-ь can be distinguished with meanings of diminution and agent nouns as non productive palatalized correlate of suffix -ik-ъ. This derivational formant was typical for South Slavonic languages, its presence in East Slavonic languages is discussional, and it is unknown to West Slavonic languages. Regarding the name Ðàñò¸öü an assumption was made that it means ‘short man, shorty’ or ‘sprout’ if we assume that the prince might be an indirect descendant (a collateral branch) of his family.
10
van Schaaik, Gerjan. "Morphological variation *." In The Oxford Turkish Grammar, 29–42. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851509.003.0005.
Анотація:
The principles of twofold vowel harmony and fourfold vowel harmony form, together with a number of consonant assimilations, the core of what at first sight looks like an enormous variation in suffixes. Since this apparent proliferation is largely predictable, it can neatly be reduced by adopting archetypical notations: –(y)E can be rewritten as four variants of the dative suffix: –ye, –ya, –e, and –a, and similarly, using –TE for the locative is more economical than spelling out –te, –ta, –de, and –da all the time. Another important issue is the question of how to deal with variable word stems. Only five noun classes exhibit stem variation: a dictionary form and an alternative stem; the latter being employed when a vowel follows via suffixation. The underlying mechanism is the process of re-syllabification, as set forth in the final section.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "The -ble suffix":
1
Schwarz, Julia, Mirjana Bozic, and Brechtje Post. "Individual differences in processing pseudo-inflected nonwords." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0044/000459.
Анотація:
While the role of word stems has received much attention in morphological processing, the effects of inflectional suffixes on lexical access remain unclear. We address this gap as well as the contribution of individual differences on morphological segmentation with a visual priming experiment. Inflected and uninflected nonwords were preceded by a non-linguistic baseline string or the target’s suffix/word-final letters (e.g. XXXXing SMOYING). The results indicate that the suffix length is crucial for morphological effects to surface in visual priming and that morphological processing may be modulated by the individual’s reading profile and vocabulary size. We interpret this as evidence for variable morphemic activation: morphological cues can facilitate visual access when rapid whole-word processing is unavailable. The theoretical implications are discussed.
2
Amen, R., I. Rask, and S. Sunnersjö. "Matching Design Tasks to Knowledge-Based Software Tools: When Intuition Does Not Suffice." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dac-8688.
Анотація:
Abstract Choosing methods and tools to automate engineering design tasks has farreaching implications. A system that is first established for a limited task may later require being scaled up and maintained for many years of operational life. As the system grows, the company’s reliance on the system increases and the need for a stable platform to start from becomes critical. The system must be tailored to the specific design process and knowledge structure at hand. The purpose of this work is to present a structured methodology to classify design task(s) and to give guidelines for how this definition should be linked to suitable solution strategies and computerised tools.
3
Fırat, Emine, and Hakan Seldüz. "The Role of Financial Reporting in Occurrence of Financial Crises: Are The Regulations Generated by International Financial Reporting Standards Suffic." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00882.
Анотація:
Financial liberalization politics are utilized to cope with the economic dimension of globalization. They had important roles in occurrence and outspread of financial crises; and economic crises were triggered by the spread of financial crises to real economy. Because of financial liberalization; financial sector grew disproportionately developing faster than real economy. As the financial tools and methods got diversified, the sanction power of national regulations weakened due to the global dimension and a functional auditing mechanism could not be established. This enabled creative accounting practices and financial reporting manipulations and caused financial reports to become misleading and decreased their reliability. It is claimed by many researchers, that financial reporting again played an important role in the occurrence and spreading of the 2008 crisis, despite the fundamental amendments laid down with IFRS in 2003 and the continual updates. This study, which is displaying the characteristic features of a qualitative research, is carried out mainly by literature review. A wide and comprehensive investigation is meticulously executed on IFRS versions and drafts, the related legislation and regulations and the results of the some important researches about the allied subjects. The role of financial reports in occurrence of financial crises has been displayed. The effects of IFRS on financial reports are explored especially in terms of realism, transparency and reliability. The adequacies of the regulations are discussed, the risky points are spotlighted and proposals are put forward to minimize these risks in accordance with the principals of corporate governance.
4
Shareghi, Ehsan, Gholamreza Haffari, and Trevor Cohn. "Compressed Nonparametric Language Modelling." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/376.
Анотація:
Hierarchical Pitman-Yor Process priors are compelling for learning language models, outperforming point-estimate based methods. However, these models remain unpopular due to computational and statistical inference issues, such as memory and time usage, as well as poor mixing of sampler. In this work we propose a novel framework which represents the HPYP model compactly using compressed suffix trees. Then, we develop an efficient approximate inference scheme in this framework that has a much lower memory footprint compared to full HPYP and is fast in the inference time. The experimental results illustrate that our model can be built on significantly larger datasets compared to previous HPYP models, while being several orders of magnitudes smaller, fast for training and inference, and outperforming the perplexity of the state-of-the-art Modified Kneser-Ney count-based LM smoothing by up to 15%.
5
Budzisch, Josefina. "Definitheit im Selkupischen." In N/A. Szeged: University of Szeged, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/sua.2021.55.
Анотація:
The dissertation at hand deals with definiteness in Selkup. It is investigated how in Selkup – taking the three dialect groups North, Central and South Selkup into account – semantic-pragmatic definiteness is expressed, since the language lacks an explicit grammatical marker (like a definite article) for the expression of definiteness. The analysis is carried out on the basis of existing research literature, elicit data and a corpus, which is composed of 248 texts with 12,828 sentences and 77,443 tokens.In its entirety, Selkup thus shows that demonstratives, possessive associations and the non-possessive use of the possessive suffix of the third person singular are the most important strategies for marking definiteness. All types of references, however, contain large numbers of unmarked noun phrases, showing that context is often the decisive factor in deciding whether a noun phrase is to be interpreted as definite or indefinite.
6
Benson, J., W. Miglietti, S. J. Glass, and K. Getliffe. "Problems in Military Propulsion Engines of the South African Air Force." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-425.
Анотація:
The Nimonic 105 first stage turbine blade of the Rolls Royce Viper 22/1 engine has a design life of 2400 hrs. Over the years, these blades have prematurely failed (1 200–1 800 hrs), necessitating a service limit of 1 000 hrs. Initial investigations thought the cause of failure to be linked with higher than desired lead content but the final cause of failure was attributed to an incorrect heat treatment, forming continuous grain boundary carbides, resulting in embrittlement of the blade. A rejuvenation heat treatment was then developed. The IN-713 and IN-X-40 first stage vanes of the Allison T56 engine suffer thermal fatigue cracking. The IN-713 vanes suffer narrow, fine but long cracks, whereas the X-40 vanes suffer severe cracking (cracks as wide as 3 mm) and excessive oxidation due to overheating. The X-40 alloy is protected by a Cr2O3 scale compared with Al3O3 on the IN-713 alloy. Above 1 000 °C the Cr2O3 breaks down and excessive oxidation results. A braze repair was developed for the X-40 vanes.
7
Boggs, Taylor, Hitomi Yamaguchi, Roger Tran-Son-Tay, Curt DeGroff, and Faris Al-Mousily. "Blood Cell Adhesion on a Polymeric Heart Valve Leaflet Processed Using Magnetic Abrasive Finishing." In ASME 2011 6th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2011-66011.
Анотація:
Heart valve prosthetics replace damaged, malfunctioning valves to improve a patient’s quality of life. Current mechanical valves are durable but suffer from thrombogenicity and flow separation, and can cause blood damage leading to coagulation. While bioprosthetic valves have better haemodynamic function than mechanical valves, the valves suffer from tears due to inflammation and collagen degradation. The absence of living tissue leaves them unable to repair themselves and their antigenicity must be masked. Complications due to thrombosis occur between 1.5% and 3% per year for current mechanical and bioprosthetic valves [1]. Polymeric valves have the potential to exhibit improved haemodynamic performance over mechanical valves without the complications associated with bioprosthetic valves; current issues associated with polymeric valves include calcification, hydrolysis, and durability [2].
8
Tamer, Aykut, Andrea Zanoni, Alessandro Cocco, and Pierangelo Masarati. "Visual Performance Evaluation of Helicopter Pilots in Vibrating Cockpit." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97525.
Анотація:
Abstract Rotorcraft are known to suffer from relatively high levels of vibration as compared to their fixed-wing counterpart, due to exposure to significant vibratory load levels. Pilots usually operate in a vibrating cockpit, and hence can suffer from degradation of their instrument reading performance. Therefore, the expected level of degradation in visual performance should be estimated when there is room for design changes. The present work demonstrates the evaluation of visual vibration degradation of helicopter pilots using a modular analysis environment. Core elements are an aeroelastic helicopter model, a seat-cushion model, a detailed human biodynamics multibody model, and a simplified model of ocular dynamics, which are assembled into an overall model. The contribution of each component is examined using a figure of merit that includes both eye and instrument panel vibration.
9
Seifert, Avraham, Oksana Stalnov, Victor Troshin, and Maor Hai Avnaim. "On the Application of Active Flow Control to Wind Turbines." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-13006.
Анотація:
This paper reviews recent studies conducted at Tal-Aviv University that were aimed at applying active flow control technology to large and small scale wind turbines with the purpose of improved performance and reduced noise emission. Large wind turbines suffer from degradation of surface quality over the 20 years life span. Premature transition results and promotes early turbulent separation. Energizing the boundary layer with vortex generators (VG’s) and active flow control is studied. While both methods are capable of recovering lost performance, VG’s have an off-design drag penalty, while AFC can be turned off when not needed. It is demonstrated that AFC is highly energy efficient. Small wind turbines suffer from low Reynolds number effects resulting from low wind speed, small chord and low tip speed ratio. Passive and semi-active flow control methods are applied to a small vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with the purpose of delaying boundary layer separation via forced transition and transient semi-active fluidic jets. Power extraction at low wind speeds is demonstrated to be greatly improved.
10
Vines, Robert S., Rucsandra R. Marica, and Ha V. Vo. "Comparison of the Duration of Diabetes and PSSD Measurements." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192668.
Анотація:
In the U.S. there are roughly 15 million diabetics with 10 million of them having mild to severe forms of nerve damage. Almost 4.5 million diabetics suffer from nerve damage in the feet [1]. Early detection of neuropathy is paramount to preventing further damage to the affected limb(s). Neuropathy is a leading factor in amputations, which can be avoided or reduced if neuropathy is detected early and limb care is promoted.
Звіти організацій з теми "The -ble suffix":
1
Thomasson, Melissa. Did Blue Cross and Blue Shield Suffer from Adverse Selection? Evidence from the 1950s. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9167.
2
Tull, Kerina. Social Inclusion and Immunisation. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.025.
Анотація:
The current COVID-19 epidemic is both a health and societal issue; therefore, groups historically excluded and marginalised in terms of healthcare will suffer if COVID-19 vaccines, tests, and treatments are to be delivered equitably. This rapid review is exploring the social and cultural challenges related to the roll-out, distribution, and access of COVID-19 vaccines, tests, and treatments. It highlights how these challenges impact certain marginalised groups. Case studies are taken from sub-Saharan Africa (the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa), with some focus on South East Asia (Indonesia, India) as they have different at-risk groups. Lessons on this issue can be learned from previous pandemics and vaccine roll-out in low- and mid-income countries (LMICs). Key points to highlight include successful COVID-19 vaccine roll-out will only be achieved by ensuring effective community engagement, building local vaccine acceptability and confidence, and overcoming cultural, socio-economic, and political barriers that lead to mistrust and hinder uptake of vaccines. However, the literature notes that a lot of lessons learned about roll-out involve communication - including that the government should under-promise what it can do and then over-deliver. Any campaign must aim to create trust, and involve local communities in planning processes.
3
Gentry, William, and Richard Walsh. Mentoring First-Time Managers: Proven Strategies HR Leaders can Use. Center for Creative Leadership, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.35613/ccl.2015.2047.
Анотація:
"When individual contributors or professionals are promoted into their first formal leadership position, many do not realize how tough that transition can be for them. We often hear that these leaders are not prepared, and lack the support and development to help make that transition successfully. When they are not supported, they suffer, and so too do their teams, the organization, and the HR leadership pipeline, which ultimately can negatively impact the organization’s bottom line. First-time managers are an important part of an organization’s talent and succession management. In turn, organizations may attempt to help first-time managers make the transition into leadership easier by implementing a formal mentoring program. This white paper supports this effort by: • Explaining the benefits a mentoring program can provide for first-time managers and their mentor. • Providing organizations a way to strengthen their own mentoring programs. • Offering HR leaders specific steps to follow and best practices applied in starting and maintaining a successful formal mentoring program specifically aimed at first-time managers. Formal mentoring programs are useful to support and develop first-time managers, an important leadership population that is vital for strengthening your leadership pipeline and succession management efforts. Armed with the knowledge from this white paper, we believe you will be able to gain a competitive advantage".
4
Andrabi, Tahir, Benjamin Daniels, and Jishnu Das. Human Capital Accumulation and Disasters: Evidence from the Pakistan Earthquake of 2005. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2020/039.
Анотація:
We trace the effects of a devastating earthquake that occurred in Northern Pakistan in 2005. Using a new dataset from a survey conducted four years after the earthquake, we first show that the distance of the household from the fault line was not correlated with pre-existing household characteristics, while it was strongly predictive of earthquake-related damage and mortality. Through emergency relief aid, households living close to the fault line reported receiving substantial cash compensation that amounted to as much as 150% of their annual household consumption expenditure. Four years after the earthquake, there were no differences in public infrastructure, household or adult outcomes between areas close to and far from the fault line. However, children in their critical first thousand days at the time of the earthquake accumulated large height deficits, with the youngest the most affected. Children aged 3 through 15 at the time of the earthquake did not suffer growth shortfalls, but scored significantly worse on academic tests if they lived close to the fault line. Finally, children whose mothers completed primary education were fully protected against the emergence of a test score gap. We estimate that if these deficits continue to adult life, the affected children could stand to lose 15% of their lifetime earnings. Even when disasters are heavily compensated, human capital accumulation can be critically interrupted, with greater losses for already disadvantaged populations.
5
The adverse health and social outcomes of sexual coercion: Experiences of young women in developing countries. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1009.
Анотація:
Although evidence from developing countries is limited, what is available suggests that significant numbers of young women have experienced coercive sex. Studies in diverse settings in Africa, Asia, and Latin America reveal that forced sexual initiation and experiences are not uncommon in all of these settings. Many young victims of abuse fear disclosure as they feel they may be blamed for provoking the incident or stigmatized for having experienced it, and suffer such incidents in silence. Presentations at a meeting held in New Delhi in September 2003 highlighted findings from recent studies that suggest an association between early experiences of sexual violence and a range of adverse physical and mental health and social outcomes. Given that data on the consequences of nonconsensual sex are limited and restricted to a few geographical settings, the scale of the problem and its implications for policies and programs are yet to be established. As noted in this document, presentations at the New Delhi meeting highlighted the need for urgent programmatic action to address young people’s vulnerability to coercive sex and its possible far-reaching consequences.