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Дисертації з теми "Thermo-acoustique":
Poignand, Gaelle. "Étude théorique et expérimentale d'un réfrigérateur thermo-acoustique «compact»." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00319014.
D'une part, dans le cadre des études menées sur la miniaturisation des systèmes thermoacoustiques, avec pour objectif l'évacuation de la chaleur des composants électroniques, une nouvelle architecture de réfrigérateurs thermoacoustiques est étudiée. Ce réfrigérateur, qui est dit "compact" car ses dimensions sont ramenées à celle de l'empilement, offre la possibilité de générer indépendamment les champs de vitesse particulaire et de pression acoustique à partir de quatre sources sonores. Ainsi, un champ acoustique optimal, qui est différent de celui obtenu dans un réfrigérateur à ondes stationnaires, peut être généré dans ce système. Ce type de réfrigérateur est étudié analytiquement et expérimentalement. Une modélisation du champ acoustique dans l'empilement d'un système compact en fonction des débits des sources, ou en fonction des tensions électriques fournies à ces sources, est proposée. La caractérisation expérimentale en terme de champ de vitesse particulaire (mesuré par Vélocimétrie Laser Doppler et Vélocimétrie par Images de Particules), et de température d'une maquette décimétrique, pour différents points de fonctionnement, est ensuite présentée. Un comportement thermique, plus complexe que celui obtenu dans un système à ondes stationnaires, est observé. Ce comportement pouvant se traduire par une diminution de ses performances, des améliorations du système sont proposées en vue de sa miniaturisation.
D'autre part, dans le cadre des études menées en thermoacoustique afin d'améliorer la compréhension des phénomènes physiques qui prennent place dans les systèmes, un modèle analytique du comportement en régime transitoire des réfrigérateurs thermoacoustiques classiques est mis en place. Ce modèle permet d'obtenir l'évolution temporelle de la température en tous points de l'empilement en prenant en compte les effets du flux de chaleur thermoacoustique le long de l'empilement de plaques, du flux de chaleur par conduction retour dans les plaques de l'empilement et dans le fluide, des pertes thermiques à travers les parois du tube, de l'échauffement dû aux frottements visqueux dans l'empilement, et des pertes thermiques à chacune des extrémités de l'empilement. Ce modèle est utilisé pour interpréter qualitativement le comportement transitoire d'un prototype de réfrigérateurs observé lors d'études expérimentales antérieures et permet en particulier d'interpréter les rôles joués par les différents flux de chaleur mis en jeu.
Scarpato, Alessandro. "Linear and nonlinear analysis of the acoustic response of perforated plates traversed by a bias flow." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0038/document.
Thermo-acoustic instabilities are of primary concern in combustion chambers for a wide range of industrial applications, from domestic boiler to gas turbines or rocket engines. They are the consequence of a resonant coupling between the flame dynamics and the acoustic modes of the combustor, and can result in strong vibrations, early aging of combustor components and structural damage. The physical mechanisms involved are complex and difficult to model, thus thermo-acoustic oscillations are not easily predictable at the design stage of a combustor. In many combustors, passive dampers are implemented to increase the acoustic energy dissipation of the system and to hinder detrimental flame-acoustics interactions. In the present work, passive damping systems based on perforated screens backed by a resonant cavity and traversed by a bias flow are investigated. The main objectives are: (i) to improve and simplify the design of these dampers by maximizing their acoustic absorption properties in the linear regime, (ii) to analyze the effect of the sound wave amplitude on the acoustic response of these systems and (iii) to develop models capable of capturing absorption at high oscillation amplitudes. First, two interesting asymptotic regimes are identified where the plate operates at low and high Strouhal numbers respectively. In these regimes the design of a damper maximizing absorption is greatly simplified, since the choice of the optimal bias flow velocity and back cavity size can be decoupled. It is shown that at low Strouhal numbers the damper behaves as a quarter-wave resonator, and features a wide absorption bandwidth. At high Strouhal numbers, the system operates as a Helmholtz resonator, featuring shorter optimal back cavity sizes but narrower absorption bandwidths. These predictions are compared to measurements in a dedicated experimental setup for the different operating regimes identified. The dependence of the acoustic properties of a perforated plate on the forcing amplitude is then examined by means of direct numerical simulations. It is shown that transition from linear to nonlinear regimes occurs when the acoustic velocity amplitude in the orifice is comparable to the mean bias flow velocity. At high amplitudes, periodic flow reversal is observed within the perforation, vortex rings are alternatively shed upstream and downstream of the hole and convected away at a velocity which is increasing with the forcing amplitude. These mechanisms greatly influence the acoustic absorption of the perforate in the nonlinear regime. Two novel models capturing this nonlinear response are then inferred based on an analysis of the vortex trajectory (VC model), and on a quasi-steady description of the flow (IDF model). Their predictions are finally compared to measurements conducted in an impedance tube, and to results from numerical simulations. The results obtained in this work can be used to ease the design of robust dampers capable of operating in harsh environments with high sound levels, such as those found during self-sustained thermo-acoustic instabilities
Murer, Yann. "Établissement de modèles prévisionnels du comportement thermo-acoustique de structures composites multicouches et sandwichs." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ESAE0022.
Tran, Nicolas. "Influence de la condition limite acoustique amont sur les instabilités de combustion de grande amplitude : conception d’un système robuste de contrôle d’impédance." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECAP0013/document.
Combustion instabilities induced by a resonant flame-acoustic coupling are commonly observed in most applications of combustion from gas turbines to domestic or industrial boilers. These oscillations are detrimental by nature, and are still very difficult to predict at the design stage of a combustor. They imply numerous physical phenomena at multiple scales. They mainly result from a resonant coupling between the unsteady combustion and the acoustics of the system. The basic driving and coupling mechanisms have been extensively studied: acoustics in complex geometries and combustion dynamics of turbulent swirled flames are now reasonably well understood. However the effects of the acoustic boundary conditions on the system stability are less well documented, as they are not easy to access or to control in practical systems. They are however of prime importance as they determine the acoustic fluxes at the inlets and outlets of the combustor, as well as the preferential eigenfrequencies of the system. The main objective of this study is to investigate experimentally the influence of the inlet boundary condition of a generic turbulent burner on the observed self-sustained thermoacoustic oscillations. To carry out this investigation, a passive control solution has been developed. An innovative use of perforated panels with bias flow backed by tunable cavities allows to control the acoustic impedance at the inlet of a lean swirled-stabilized staged combustor (CTRL-Z facility). This impedance control system (ICS) has been initially designed and tested in a high load impedance tube. This facility also allowed to develop a robust impedance measurement technique, along with experimental protocols to measure acoustic velocities and fluxes. The acoustic response of perforates in both linear and nonlinear regimes was investigated as function of the plate porosity, bias flow velocity, back-cavity depth and incident pressure wave amplitude and frequency. The transition between the linear regime and the detrimental nonlinear regime has been linked to the perforates geometrical and operational parameters. As a result the ICS enables control of its acoustic reflection coefficient from 1 to 0 in a wide frequency range, 100 to 1000 Hz, for low and large incident pressure amplitudes (from 100 to 150 dB). The ICS, once implemented on the CTRL-Z facility, allowed to passively control the inlet boundary condition of the combustion rig. The impedance measurement technique was successfully used in harsh combustion situations, with high noise levels, to obtain in-situ measurements of the ICS impedance. Spectral analysis of the pressure and heat-release rate fluctuations demonstrated damping of the main self-sustained oscillation by up to 20 dB. A quantitative estimation of the acoustic energy balance was then obtained, highlighting the importance of the inlet acoustic flux. In this configuration, this term is of the same order of magnitude as the driving Rayleigh source term. Finally, an acoustic analysis of the combustion rig was led to determine the nature of the observed combustion instabilities modes and examine conditions required for an effective use of the ICS
Chuecos, Nicolas. "Etude de la dynamique thermo-élastique dans les films métalliques en acoustique picoseconde non linéaire par l'observation de solitons acoustiques." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066686.
This thesis aims at studying the dynamics of the thermoelastic strain generated by laser pulses in thin metallic films at low temperature by observing solitary acoustic waves called solitons. Solitons are physical objects of remarkable properties. They have been generated and detected by the picosecond acoustics technique after nonlinear propagation in gallium arsenide, sapphire or silicon substrates. Thus we have demonstrated that analysing a soliton's profile allows the absolute calibration of the experimental setup or allows to retrieve the substrate's and metallic film's physical constants. Thanks to the analogy solitons/eigenstates (initial strain/quantum well), we have demonstrated that measuring the solitons' time distribution allows to retrieve the initial strain profile which produced it. As predicted by the two temperature model, we have verified experimentally that the thermoelastic strain is stronlgy affected by electronic conduction in an aluminium film, in stark contrast to titanium films. Furthermore, nonlinear picosecond acoustics broadens the acoustic spectrum up to the terahertz range. This property has been used to measure the absorption in a thin layer of silica at 60 K and up to 650 GHz. As a conclusion, through the characterisation of solitons, non linear picosecond acoustics is an efficient method for studying the thermoelastic generation in a strongly nonlinear regime, especially when the laser fluence is close to the ablation threshold of metallic films
Chapus, Carine. "De l'influence des paramètres mécaniques et électroniques sur l'efficacité de la résonance d'un wafer de silicium encastré par effet photo-thermo-acoustique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20035.
The influence of mechanical housing conditions and electronic properties of clamped silicon wafers in resonance configuration induced by photo-thermal-acoustic effect is studied. First, we have modelised the specific physical phenomena involved in semiconductors in order to increase the efficiency of the photo-acoustic conversion. A simplified model of clamped membrane has also been developed. Next,, an experimental set up to observe this phenomenon and to obtain the frequency response of the membrane has been built to test numerous silicon wafers with thickness from 100 to 3000µm and carrier life time between 1and 45µs. These tests showed a shift to lower frequency of about 1 kHz of the first resonance mode frequency and a low quality factor value of the order of ten due to our choice of soft clamping of silicon wafers using Nitrile O-ring in air. With our experimental conditions, the quality factor was found optimal for a thickness value of about 300µm due to the combined effects of mounting and air losses. The increase of carrier lifetime does not change the quality factor but seems to slightly increase the resonance amplitude
Mrach, Tarek. "Investigations expérimentales de la dynamique tourbillonnaire générée et du champ acoustique rayonné par un jet plan impactant une plaque fendue chauffée." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS018.
The work carried out within the framework of this thesis concerns the interactions which exist between the vortex dynamics, generated by an isothermal jet impinging on a heated slotted plate, and the acoustic fields radiated by this flow. In fact, impinging jets on slotted plates or meshes are found the terminal parts of ventilation and air treatment systems found in the residential enclosures. They are incorporated to improve mixing and avoid the feeling of air discomfort. But in certain blowing and confinement configurations, these impinging jets become sources of noise pollution, with the installation of self-sustaining sound loops that they generate. These self-sustaining sounds occur when the flow interacts with an obstacle with slots placed in its path. Thus, an acoustic wave is generated in the area where the vortex structures of the jet hit the slotted plate, propagate upstream and produce a modulation of the shear layer near the exit of the jet and an amplification of the instabilities. This feedback loop optimizes the energy transfer from the aerodynamic field to the acoustic field and creates an aero acoustic noise source that can cause high sound levels. To carry out this study, we relied on an experimental device capable of simulating the different flow configurations to be analyzed. We also used a specific metrology capable of controlling and synchronizing the heating of the plate, the acoustic measurements, and the particle image acquisitions, to access the instantaneous kinematic fields by a full-field velocimetry technique resolved in time and in space. Thus, maps of the most energetic sound levels and frequencies as a function of impact ratio and Reynolds number were established. Analysis of these curves reveals configurations where the noise generated has a spectrum of lines, of high intensities, testifying the existence of an organized flow. For these configurations, an examination of the influence of the temperature of the plate, struck by the jet, on the kinematic, dynamic and acoustic quantities of the flow was carried out. And marked trends were noted
Hernández, Vera Ignacio. "Soot modelling in flames and Large-Eddy Simulation of thermo-acoustic instabilities." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0134/document.
In the first part of the present PhD. thesis a methodology is presented that allows to predict the soot produced in one-dimensional academic flames, where a semi-empirical soot model is used in combination with a complex chemistry and a detailed radiation solver. The methodology is applied to the computation of soot in a set of ethylene/air counterflow diffusion flames. Several oxidation models are tested and the constants of the model were adjusted to retrieve the experimental results. Also, the effect of radiative losses on soot formation and the flame structure is evaluated. Finally, the performance of the soot model is evaluated on 1D premixed flames, where an alternative expression for the surface growth term is proposed to better reproduce the experimental findings. In the second part of the thesis, Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) and acoustic analysis tools are applied to the prediction of limit cycle oscillations (LCO) of a thermo-acoustic instability appearing in a partially premixed methane/air academic burner operating at atmospheric pressure. The LES captures well the appearance and development of the LCO and a good agreement is found between simulations and experiments in terms of amplitude and frequency of the LCO. Some light is shed on the mechanisms leading to the existence of such instability. Then, a preliminar uncertainty quantification (UQ) analysis is performed, where the effect on the features of the LCO of several computational parameters such as the inlets impedances, mesh refinement or heat losses is assessed. Also, the LES captures well the flame stability behaviour dependence on the operating point and the burner geometry
Gullaud, Elsa. "Simulation et calcul des modes thermo-acoustiques des chambres de combustion aéronautiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20136/document.
Aeronautical engine constructors are using lean premixed regimes to deal with the necessity to cut down pollutant emissions. These regimes indeed help to prevent the emission of NOx but trigger on the other hand combustion instabilities. Numerical simulation (which can consist of LES or Helmholtz solvers for example) has proven to be a usefool tool to predict these instabilities at the design stage. Acoustic modes can be well predicted only if geometrical details are taken into account. Multiperforated plates which equip combustion chambers with the purpose of cooling the inner walls must for instance be taken into account in a numerical calculation. These plates consist of several apertures with a diameter smaller than 1 millimeter, which makes their meshing impossible. The objective of this thesis is to take into account perforated plates in the numerical simulation of the acoustics of combustion chambers. The homogeneous model for the acoust ic behaviour of a perforated plate derived by Howe in 1979 is used. Provided some hypotheses, this model can predict the acoustic behaviour of a plate under an acoustic excitation. Howe's model, derived in an incompressible flow, is here adapted to be used in the case where the perforated plate in located between the casing (cold air) of a combustion chamber and the inner chamber (filled with a hot mixture). The model is well suited to be implemented in an existing 3D Helmholtz solver, because it appears under the form of an impedance. The coding is validated by comparing numerical results to analytical results on simple geometries. First results allow to show the damping behaviour of perforated plates and its dependance to geometric parameters or the speed of the incoming flow though the apertures.Acoustic instabilities can also be apprehended with an acoustic energy approach. Since industrial chambers are equipped with several pairs of multiperforated plates, it is interesting to show which of them are the most efficient at damping purposes. An acoustic energy budget allows to predict the percentage of the total damping a particular plate is responsible for. In the presence of a flame, the acoustic energy budget can also give information on the contribution of the flame on the triggering or damping of the instability.An industrial chamber designed by Turbomeca for a helicopter is computed. The acoustic energy budget on a computation taking into account the active flame and the multiperforated plates allows to predict the stability of the modes of the chamber. The elements responsible for the behaviour of the instability can be identified. This work has been funded by SNECMA and the code used to implement the model is AVSP, it co-belongs to CERFACS and SNECMA
Ni, Franchine. "Accounting for complex flow-acoustic interactions in a 3D thermo-acoustic Helmholtz solver." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17930/7/NI_Franchine.pdf.