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1
Forton, Fabienne. "Le rôle du Demodex dans la rosacée. La rosacée avec papulopustules :une démodécie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/325373.
Анотація:
Le Demodex, petit acarien vivant dans les follicules pilo-sébacés de tous les humains adultes, est reconnu responsable des démodécies chez l’homme mais n’est considéré dans la rosacée, au plus, que comme un facteur aggravant potentiel d’une inflammation préexistante. Toutes nos observations, depuis 1983, convergent vers la confirmation de son rôle pathogène dans la rosacée, et suggèrent des liens physiopathologiques clairs entre rosacées avec papulopustules (RPP) avec ou sans érythème permanent, rosacée érythématotélangiectasique (RET), pityriasis folliculorum et autres démodécies. (1) Dans les biopsies cutanées, le Demodex est associé à l’inflammation périfolliculaire. (2) Le concept de densité en Demodex a été introduit et une méthode de prélèvement standardisée permettant de mesurer cette densité a été développée, puis perfectionnée. (3) Elle a permis de montrer que cette densité était nettement supérieure chez les patients atteints de démodécie et de RPP, que chez ceux avec peau saine et ceux atteints d’autres dermatoses faciales, les patients avec RPP sans prolifération en Demodex étant exceptionnels. (4) Un test diagnostique hautement spécifique et sensible, utilisable facilement en consultation a été élaboré et validé. (5) Des signes cliniques discrets de ces dermatoses ont été mis en évidence, de même que la grande fréquence des démodécies en consultation de dermatologie (alors qu’elles sont très peu diagnostiquées). (6) L’effet acaricide sur le Demodex de six traitements topiques a été comparé in vivo et les meilleures molécules ont été utilisées pendant une vingtaine d’années :sur base des résultats collectés, l’efficacité du traitement a été démontrée, non seulement sur la densité en Demodex mais également sur les symptômes cliniques, tant parmi les démodécies que dans la RPP, ce qui prouve indirectement que la prolifération en parasites n’est pas un épiphénomène mais est bien la cause de la maladie. (7) Parmi les modalités comparées, les plus intenses ont une efficacité plus rapide et une meilleure compliance. (8) La RET peut correspondre à une démodécie subclinique et est probablement un facteur favorisant la prolifération des parasites, tout comme le sont probablement l’hyperplasie sébacée et l’hypothyroïdie, tandis que la cortisone semble limiter leur prolifération quand celle-ci est excessive. (9) Les similarités et les confusions nosologiques entre les démodécies et les différentes formes de rosacée ont été mises en évidence, afin de montrer que ces dermatoses ne sont vraisemblablement que des phénotypes d’une seule et même maladie :ce sont toutes des démodécies. (10) Trois systèmes d’attribution d’une cause à une maladie convergent pour confirmer le rôle pathogène du Demodex dans la RPP. Nos observations doivent être confirmées par des études longitudinales et des études contrôlées, mais d’ores et déjà, ajoutées aux données actuelles de la littérature, elles nous semblent suffisantes pour reconnaître le rôle pathogène du parasite en médecine humaine et dans la rosacée en particulier. Cette reconnaissance donnerait une définition principalement étiologique à la rosacée, la classerait parmi les démodécies, et en faciliterait la prise en charge et le traitement. Nous proposons une hypothèse physiopathologique originale où le Demodex se trouve au centre d’un réseau causal « en toile d’araignée », la RPP étant considérée comme une infection chronique s’accompagnant d’épuisement lymphocytaire.Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are small mites living in the pilosebaceous follicles of all adult humans. They are known to be responsible for demodicosis in humans but in rosacea are generally considered only as a potential aggravating factor of pre-existing inflammation. However, our observations since 1983 converge towards a pathogenic role of the Demodex mite in rosacea, and suggest clear pathophysiological links between rosacea with papulopustules (PPR) with or without persistent erythema, erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR), pityriasis folliculorum and other demodicoses. Summarising our findings: (1) In skin biopsies, Demodex is statistically associated with perifollicular inflammation. (2) The concept of Demodex density was introduced and a method to measure it using two consecutive standardized skin surface biopsies was developed and refined. (3) It was shown that Demodex density was significantly higher in patients with demodicosis and PPR than in those with healthy skin and with other facial dermatoses; patients with PPR without Demodex proliferation detected are rare, and the few cases that do occur likely correspond to false negative results linked to proliferation of the mites deep in the pilosebaceous follicles, thus not detected by the sampling method. (4) A highly specific and sensitive diagnostic test based on the results from two consecutive standardized skin surface biopsies was developed and validated and can be easily used during clinical consultation. (5) Less well-known clinical signs of these dermatoses were highlighted, as well as the high frequency of demodicoses in dermatologic consultations (although they are under-diagnosed). (6) The acaricidal effect of six topical treatments on Demodex was compared in vivo and the best molecules were used for about 20 years in our practice. From data collected from our patients during this time period, the efficacy of the treatment was demonstrated, not only on Demodex density but also on clinical symptoms, both in demodicosis and in PPR, indirectly showing that parasite proliferation is not an epiphenomenon, but is the cause of the disease. (7) Of the treatment modalities compared, those that were more intense worked more rapidly and had better compliance. (8) ETR may correspond to subclinical demodicosis and is probably a condition that favours parasite proliferation, as are sebaceous hyperplasia and hypothyroidism; cortisone seems initially to favour mite proliferation, but to limit it when Demodex density is very high. (9) The similarities and nosological confusion between demodicosis and the different forms of rosacea were highlighted, showing that these dermatoses are probably phenotypes of one and the same disease: they are all demodicoses. (10) Three systems used to attribute disease causality converge to confirm the pathogenic role of Demodex in PPR. Our observations need to be confirmed by longitudinal and controlled studies, but, combined with current data in the literature, they seem sufficient to recognise the pathogenic role of the parasite in human disease and in rosacea in particular. This recognition would enable a mainly aetiological definition to be given to rosacea, would classify it among the demodicoses, and would facilitate its management and treatment. We propose an original pathophysiological hypothesis in which Demodex is at the centre of a causal network, with PPR being considered a chronic infection accompanied by lymphocyte exhaustion.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
2
Ferrari, Cécilia. "Il y a plus de choses dans la salle et sur la scène que n’en montre votre scénographie : Étude spatiale et iconographique du « théâtre populaire » à partir des expériences de Firmin GÉMIER : Festivals suisses, TNAG, Œdipe Roi de Thèbes (1903-1919) ; Jacques COPEAU : Savonarola, Florence (1935) ; Jean VILAR : La Tragédie du Roi Richard II, Avignon (1947)." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN1016.
Анотація:
Entre la fin du XIXe et le début du XXe siècle, plusieurs hommes de théâtre désignent le public qu’ils visent à rassembler par le terme peuple et leur théâtre par l’expression théâtre populaire. Leur attention se concentre sur la recherche d’un espace traduisant l’égalité propre à la société démocratique. Afin d’offrir à tous une bonne visibilité de la scène, ils choisissent le Festspielhaus de Bayreuth comme modèle de référence : le public est disposé face à la scène et la salle est plongée dans l’obscurité. Qui est le peuple que l’on place dans ce type d’espace où les échanges entre les spectateurs sont réduits et où chacun est fasciné par l’image scénique ? Pour répondre à cette question, la thèse propose d’étudier le dessin (projet de la scène et de la salle) de quelque spectacle populaire pour en mieux comprendre le dessein (acception du terme « populaire »). Grâce à l’élaboration d’une grille typologique analysant la scène, la salle et la scénographie, l’étude porte sur les expériences de Gémier (1903-1919) et le travail de Copeau pour Savonarola (1935). Ces exemples attestent la cristallisation du modèle frontal pour une réception de l’image-écran proposée par la figure naissante du metteur en scène. La grille est ensuite appliquée à une régie de Jean Vilar, La Tragédie du Roi Richard II (1947), spectacle n’utilisant ni le modèle frontal ni l’image illusionniste. En se faisant le régisseur d’une « scène illimitée » et d’une image polysémique confiée au spectateur, Vilar permet de passer de la réception passive à l’invention artistique. L’acception donnée au mot peuple se lit dans la scénographie : si l’on change de dessin, le dessein change aussi, ou vice versaBetween the end of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century, many theater’s men call the audience they want to reunite as peuple and their theater as théâtre populaire. Their major interest is the research of a space capable to transmit the equality of the democratic society. In order to offer to everyone a good view of the stage, they choose the Bayreuth’s Festspielhaus as a reference model: the entire public is in front of the stage in the middle of darkness. Who’s the peuple that you place in that kind of space where spectators can’t almost have no exchange and where everyone is fascinated by the stage? In order to answer this question, the thesis proposes to study the dessin (room and scenography’s project) of a popular spectacle to better understand the dessein (acceptation of the word « populaire »). Thanks’ to a typological grid that analyzes the stage, the room and the scenography, the study will bring us to the Firmin Gémier’s experiences (1903-1919) and Jacques Copeau’s work for Savonarola (1935). These examples show the frontal model’s crystallisation for a reception of the image-screen proposed by the new figure of the metteur en scène. The grid is the used with Jean Vilar’s work, La Tragédie du Roi Richard II (1947); a spectacle that doesn’t uses neither the frontal model nor the illusionist image. Becoming the régisseur of « ilimitated stage » and of a polysomic image given to the spectator, Vilar allows to pass from a passive reception to an artistic invention. The acceptation given to the word peuple read in the scenography: if we change the dessin, the dessein also changes, or vice versa
3
Bieber, Nicole A. (Nicole Amanda). "SimLogo : improving simulations in StarLogo TNG." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66408.
Анотація:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59).
StarLogo TNG (The Next Generation) is a graphical programming environment originally developed by the MIT Scheller Teacher Education Program as a means of improving computer literacy and programming skills in middle and high school students. The original goal of StarLogo TNG was to make computer programming more accessible to students by designing a programming framework, StarLogoBlocks, which could graphically represent the control flow and data structures of a program, and to introduce a "coolness" factor by permitting students to view their program's execution in a 3D game-like environment called SpaceLand. However, after the program was released, the team found that researchers and professionals were using StarLogo TNG for more complex agent-based simulations than it had been originally designed to support. This thesis outlines the design and implementation of a new suite of features, code-named SimLogo, which will improve the simulation capabilities of StarLogo TNG through the addition of true internal parallelism to the virtual machine.
by Nicole A. Bieber.
M.Eng.
4
D'Ambrosio, Michael (Michael A. ). "Three dimensional terrain editing in StarLogo TNG." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53155.
Анотація:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70).
StarLogo TNG is a block based programming language designed to create models and simulations that are used to help middle and high school students understand mathematical and scientific concepts. However, there is a desire to use the program to help facilitate game creation but the tools do not exist. This thesis evaluates and discusses the design of some of the tools necessary in order to create richer 3-D environments and games within StarLogo TNG.
by Michael D.Ambrosio.
M.Eng.
5
Wendel, Daniel J. "Design and editing 2.5-dimensional terrain in StarLogo TNG." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42120.
Анотація:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 60).
StarLogo TNG is "The Next Generation" in block-based decentralized programming for modeling and simulation software. Its aim is to make computer programming more appealing for students in middle school and high school. Part of the draw of StarLogo TNG is its 3-D rendered world called Spaceland where "agents" live on a terrain made of a grid of "patches". This thesis evaluates and outlines the redesign of Spaceland and its associated terrain editor based on user-task analysis, and discusses the design of new data structures to support the desired features.
by Daniel J. Wendel.
M.Eng.
6
Jackman, John Daniel III. "A network development and runtime environment for StarLogo TNG." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41630.
Анотація:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 44).
StarLogo: The Next Generation aims to introduce students to programming. The StarLogo application is frequently used in a classroom setting, but the effectiveness of StarLogo is limited as long as students cannot interact with each other using the application. This thesis describes the design and implementation of a networked development and runtime environment for StarLogo. Hopefully, students will become more interested in programming when they can collaborate to create and run StarLogo programs. In addition, teachers will have more options available when choosing classroom activities using StarLogo.
by John Daniel Jackman, III.
M.Eng.
7
McCaffrey, Corey (Corey Stanley Gordon). "StarLogo TNG : the convergence of graphical programming and text processing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36904.
Анотація:
Thesis (M. Eng. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-68).
StarLogo TNG is a robust graphical programming environment for secondary students. Despite the educational advantages of graphical programming, TNG has sustained criticism from some who object to the exclusion of a textual language. Recognizing the benefits of text processing and the power of controlling software with a keyboard, I sought to incorporate text-processing techniques into TNG's graphical language. The key component of this work is an innovation dubbed "Typeblocking," by which users construct block code through the use of a keyboard.
by Corey McCaffrey.
M.Eng.and S.B.
8
Gleizes, Marie. "Ectonucléotidases, adénosine et transmission synaptique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30306/document.
Анотація:
Dans le cerveau, les fonctions de la phosphatase alcaline non spécifique des tissus (TNAP) ne sont pas clairement identifiées. La localisation et l'expression de cette enzyme au niveau neuronal suggère cependant, qu'elle joue un rôle important dans le développement et le fonctionnement du cerveau. Cela est supporté par la présence de graves crises d'épilepsie chez les humains porteurs d'une mutation de la TNAP. Ces crises d'épilepsie sont létales chez les souris KO pour la TNAP. Des études chez la souris montrent que la TNAP pourrait réguler l'inhibition postsynaptique médiée par le GABA et elle pourrait être impliquée dans l'inhibition présynaptique médiée par l'adénosine. L'adénosine est, en partie, synthétisée via la déphosphorylation successive de l'ATP en ADP puis en AMP par des ectonucléotidases. Parmi elles, la TNAP et l'ecto- 5'-nucléotidase (NT5E) catalysent l'hydrolyse de l'AMP en adénosine dans le cortex cérébral. L'adénosine agit principalement au niveau présynaptique par l'intermédiaire des récepteurs A1. Ainsi l'adénosine a une influence sur la transmission synaptique et sur la plasticité synaptique. Ceci pourrait expliquer, en partie, les crises d'épilepsie observées chez les souris KO pour la TNAP. Les deux objectifs principaux de ma thèse ont été : (1) évaluer la contribution de la TNAP dans la production d'adénosine dans le cerveau ; (2) étudier l'influence de l'adénosine sur la plasticité synaptique. Premièrement, l'étude de la contribution de la TNAP dans la production d'adénosine dans le cerveau a été réalisée au moyen de deux approches complémentaires. Une approche métabolomique (spectroscopie RMN du proton) sur des cerveaux entiers de souris KO pour la TNAP a permis de montrer que la TNAP participe, entre autre, à la synthèse d'adénosine dans le cerveau. Une deuxième approche, électrophysiologique sur tranches de cerveaux de souris in vitro, nous permet d'examiner les conséquences de l'inhibition des ectonucléotidases intervenant dans la synthèse de l'adénosine. Elle a révélé que l'inhibition des ectonucléotidases (TNAP et NT5E) ne supprime pas l'effet inhibiteur de l'AMP médiée par les récepteurs A1. Deuxièmement, nous avons étudié l'influence de l'adénosine sur la plasticité synaptique à courte terme. Nous avons enregistré des potentiels de champs dans la couche Ia du cortex piriforme en réponse à des stimulations électriques (3,125 à 100 Hz) présentée avec des fréquences recouvrant la gamme d'oscillations physiologiques. Nos résultats montrent qu'avec de fortes concentrations d'adénosine, la facilitation est accentuée par rapport à celle observée en situation contrôle. Cet effet est observé pour des fréquences supérieures ou égales à 25 Hz. De plus, cette accentuation est d'autant plus grande que la fréquence est élevée (maximum atteint à 100 Hz pour 100 µM). En bloquant l'action de l'adénosine endogène, l'effet contraire est observé : une facilitation déficitaire par rapport au contrôle et dont le défaut est croissant avec la fréquence de stimulation. Tous ces résultats convergent vers l'hypothèse qu'une déficience en TNAP, traduite par une absence d'adénosine, pourrait contribuer au maintien des processus épileptiques générés par un déséquilibre de l'inhibition et de l'excitation dû à une diminution de GABA. L'effet inhibiteur de l'AMP médié par les récepteurs A1 ne serait pas suffisant pour contrecarrer les crises d'épilepsie observées chez les sujets hypophosphatasiques et les souris KO pour la TNAPThe functions of Tissue Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase (TNAP) in the brain are not clearly identified. The localization and expression of TNAP at the neuronal level, however, suggests that it plays a prominent role in the development and the function in the brain. This is supported by the presence of severe epileptic seizures in humans carrying TNAP mutation. These epileptic seizures are lethal in TNAP KO mice. Studies in mice show that TNAP could regulate GABA-mediated postsynaptic inhibition and may be involved in presynaptic inhibition mediated by adenosine. Adenosine is, partly, synthesized via the successive dephosphorylation of ATP to ADP and then to AMP by ectonucleotidases. Among them TNAP and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E) are able to hydrolyze AMP into adenosine. Adenosine acts mainly at the presynaptic level via A1 receptors activation. Adenosine has an influence on synaptic transmission and thus on synaptic plasticity. This could partly explain the epileptic seizures observed in TNAP knock-out mice. The two main purposes of my thesis were: (1) to evaluate the contribution of TNAP in adenosine production in the brain; (2) to study the influence of adenosine on synaptic plasticity. Firstly, the study of the contribution of TNAP in adenosine production in the brain was carried out using two complementary approaches. A metabolomic approach (proton NMR spectroscopy) on whole brains of TNAP KO mice showed that TNAP in involved in adenosine synthesis in the brain. In a second approach, in vitro electrophysiological recordings on mouse brain slices allowed us to examine the consequences of the inhibition of the ectonucleotidases involved in adenosine synthesis. This revealed that inhibition of ectonucleotidases (TNAP and NT5E) did not suppress the inhibitory effect of AMP mediated by A1 receptors. Secondly, we studied the influence of adenosine on short-term synaptic plasticity. Field potentials were recorded in response to electrical stimulations (3.125 to 100 Hz) applied with frequencies encompassing the range of physiological oscillation. Our results show that, with high adenosine concentrations, the facilitation is emphasized compared to that observed in the control situation. This effect is observed for frequencies greater than or equal to 25 Hz. In addition, the higher the frequency, the greater the facilitation. Finally, by blocking the action of endogenous adenosine, the opposite effect was observed: a deficient facilitation with respect to the control, whose defect was increasing with stimulation frequency. All these results converge towards the hypothesis that TNAP deficiency, expressed by absence of adenosine, could contribute to the maintenance of the epileptic processes generated by an imbalance of the neuronal inhibition and the excitation due to a decrease of GABA. AMP inhibitory effect mediated by A1 receptors, would not be sufficient to counteract epileptic seizures observed in hypophosphatasic patients and TNAP KO mice
9
Garratt, Andrea. "The construction of the builder and searcher components of WWWLIB-TNG." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425248.
10
Tu, Yaa-Lirng. "A framework for teaching biology using StarLogo TNG : from DNA to evolution." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53182.
Анотація:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66).
This thesis outlines a 10-unit biology curriculum implemented in StarLogo TNG. The curriculum moves through units on ecology, the DNA-protein relationship, and evolution. By combining the three topics, it aims to highlight the similarities among different scales and the relationships between them. In particular, through the curriculum, students can see how small-scale changes in molecular processes can create large-scale changes in entire populations. In addition, the curriculum encourages students to engage in problembased learning, by which they are trained to approach questions creatively and independently.
by Yaa-Lirng Tu.
M.Eng.
11
Prosdocimo, Domenick A. "Extracellular Pyrophosphate Homeostasis and Regulation of Vascular Calcification in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1266605413.
12
Justice, Stafford Ruth M. "Report on a MTSC Internship at The Normandy Group." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1037647613.
13
Roenker, Andrew T. "Testing of Torque-and-Angle High Strength Fasteners." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1490701582262578.
14
Ibáñez, García José María. "Método para la aplicación del Diseño Centrado en el Usuario (DCU), caso de estudio: salas de tareas no asistenciales (TNA) en hospitales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/387121.
Анотація:
The present research project is based on concepts such as creativity, design and innovation, therefore, I shall start this thesis by outlining the topics addressed:
- Providing data on creativity as a quality present in all individuals, both internally (biological basis for each person) and externally (relational and environmental conditions).
- Providing data related to user-centred design (UCD): improve the design of "existing environments" and turn them into "preferred environments", based on the users' interests/needs (participative methodology).
- Providing data that can be used to ascertain the current state of innovation in hospitals: the presence of hospitals in the field of innovation (the reality at international, national, and in the local Catalan levels).
Once the role of hospitals in the field of innovation has been determined, it is necessary to describe the different health care systems worldwide, from the perspective of hospital management. These systems are composed of a number of organizations and agencies that provide certain services to improve and protect citizens' health.
Since hospitals have many areas available to cover different uses, the quality of the design of the building defines an internal organizational structure that addresses these complex functional relationships, in addition to providing them with the appropriate technology. A short chronological journey through the different hospital models offers an overview of the development and characterization of hospital architecture: the success of healthcare planning strategies lies in the ability to adapt (functional and structural) regarding the (past, present and future) needs of the population and the territory.
In this sector, progress is being made towards models that contribute to the humanization of healthcare functions. We know of successful cases of hospitals, where the patients' welfare and recovery improved, after design interventions to enhance health care. Therefore, it is important to consider transferring certain features of action in design, in this case related to Non Patient Care Tasks, to improve the medical team's welfare and productivity.
Some hospitals opt for solutions in which the functional and technical aspects of the facility are prioritized. This leads to the creation of effective, albeit, stressful and inadequate environments, regarding the physical, psychological and functional convenience of the professional team. The contribution of this research project is to propose a method to improve the versatility of workrooms where various tasks are conducted. This method allows us to quantify the changing opinions and priorities of users, combining them with a series of fixed relationships that exist among the many conditioning factors involved in the design of an environment.El presente proyecto de investigación se fundamenta en conceptos tales como “creatividad, diseño e innovación” por tal motivo se ha creído oportuno comenzar la presente tesis aportando información sobre tales temáticas: Aportando datos referidos a la creatividad como una cualidad presente en todos los individuos y que se manifiesta tanto internamente (base biológica de cada persona) como externamente (condiciones ambientales y relacionales). Aportando datos relacionados con el diseño centrado en el usuario (DCU): basarse en los intereses/necesidades del usuario (metodología participativa), para mejorar el diseño de los “entornos existentes” y convertirlos en “entornos preferidos”. Aportando datos que sirvan para constatar el estado actual de la innovación en el ámbito hospitalario: la presencia de los hospitales en el campo de la innovación (realidad a nivel internacional, nacional y en el ámbito territorial de Cataluña). Una vez se conoce el papel que juegan los hospitales desde en el campo de la innovación, resulta necesario describir los distintos sistemas sanitarios existentes a nivel internacional desde la perspectiva de la gestión hospitalaria. Dichos sistemas los componen una serie de entidades y organismos que producen determinados servicios para mejorar y proteger la salud de las personas. Ya que los hospitales disponen de un gran número de espacios para cubrir distintos usos, la calidad del diseño del edificio define un esquema organizativo interno que cuida estas complejas relaciones funcionales, además de dotarlas de la tecnología adecuada. Hacer un breve recorrido cronológico por los diversos modelos de hospitales, sirve para tener una visión general de la evolución y caracterización de la arquitectura hospitalaria: el éxito de las estrategias de planificación sanitaria reside en la capacidad de adaptación (funcional y estructural) según las necesidades (pasadas, presentes y futuras) de la población y del territorio. En este sector se está evolucionando hacia modelos que contribuyen a la humanización de las funciones sanitarias. Se conocen casos exitosos de hospitales donde, tras efectuar intervenciones en diseño relacionadas con las Tareas Asistenciales (TA), se ha logrado mejorar el bienestar y sanación de los pacientes. Por lo que resulta natural plantearse trasladar ciertas consideraciones de actuación en diseño, en esta ocasión relacionadas con las Tareas No Asistenciales (TNA), para mejorar tanto el bienestar del equipo de profesionales médicos como su productividad. Se pueden encontrar soluciones adoptadas en hospitales en las que se prioriza el aspecto funcional y técnico de las instalaciones, llevando a la creación de entornos efectivos y a la vez estresantes e inadecuados para la comodidad física, psicológica y funcional del equipo de profesionales. La aportación de esta investigación es proponer un método para mejorar la polivalencia de salas de trabajo que acogen la celebración de tareas diferentes. El método permite cuantificar (objetivar) las opiniones y prioridades de los usuarios (cambiantes), combinándolas con una serie de relaciones (fijas) que se dan entre los muchos condicionantes que intervienen en el diseño de un entorno
15
Islam, Saidul. "Studies towards the chemical origins of life." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/studies-towards-the-chemical-origins-of-life(afeac977-39db-4caa-bcbc-63643f5e9f3e).html.
Анотація:
The 'RNA World' hypothesis states that RNA was the first living system on the primitive Earth, where it carried out dual genotypic and phenotypic functions. Therefore, RNA must have self-assembled by purely chemical means from small prebiotic feedstock molecules. A plausible demonstration of the synthesis of RNA with the natural [5'→3'] phosphodiester linkage, and its self-replication has not been achieved so far. Some have speculated a 'simpler' informational polymer preceded it, and biology based on this polymer subsequently 'invented' RNA. The structurally simpler L-α-threofuranosyl nucleic acid (TNA) has been proposed as a primordial ancestor to RNA. A study into the potential self-assembly of TNA nucleotides was carried out. It is shown that as a direct result of TNA's structural simplicity, its generational chemistry is more difficult than RNA. The tetrose aminooxazolines are unstable under the conditions of its formation. The tetrose anhydronucleosides efficiently incorporate phosphate to form activated tetrose cytidine-2',3'-cyclic phosphates, but with the wrong stereochemistry. Strong support for the 'RNA world' hypothesis came from a report in 2009 of the prebiotic synthesis of activated pyridimine ribonucleoside-2',3'-cyclic phosphates. Oligomerisation studies were carried out on these activated monomers with various catalysts, and NMR studies were carried out to determine the aspects of their reactivity. It was found that only short oligomers are formed. However, nucleoside-2',3'-cyclic phosphates were found to selectively hydrolyse to a 2:1 mixture of 3' and 2'-monophosphates, and this observation was considered as etiologically relevant. Nucleoside-2' and 3'-monophosphates cyclise back to nucleoside-2',3'-cyclic phosphates upon phosphate activation, and so cannot be considered as direct candidates for oligomerisation. A chemistry that selectively uses the nucleoside-3'-phosphate for the synthesis of RNA, and recycles the unwanted 2'-phosphate would be highly desirable. Thus, a regio- and chemoselective reaction that selectively acetylates monomer and oligomer nucleoside-3'-phosphates at the 2'-hydroxyl in water is presented. Nucleoside-2'-phosphates are shown to acetylate less efficiently, and show a greater propensity to recyclise back to nucleoside-2',3'-cyclic phosphates. Purine nucleotides were also found to acetylate better than pyrimidines. This potentially primordial protecting group chemistry approach towards the prebiotic synthesis of RNA is conceptually novel, and has the potential to give a natural [5'→3'] phosphodiester linkage isomer. It is considered as a major step towards solving the long-standing problem of non-enzymatic self-replication of RNA.
16
da, Assuncao Gouveia Tuna Maria. "A population-based study of transient neurological attacks : incidence, clinical characteristics, investigation, aetiology and prognosis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ad3b3af3-326d-49be-9839-84019b465cc9.
Анотація:
Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide and the commonest cause of dependency, creates a huge societal burden and is responsible for billions of pounds in health and social care costs. About 30% of strokes occur in individuals with a previous transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke. Effective prevention would minimise the consequences. However, the diagnosis of TIA is difficult, particularly by non-experts. About 50% of patients with a suspected TIA or minor stroke have atypical TIAs or a non-vascular diagnosis (TIA/minor stroke mimics). Although there is some evidence that non-specific Transient Neurological Attacks (TNAs) have an increased risk of acute vascular events, the evidence is still both thin and controversial. The aim of my thesis has been to evaluate the burden of TIA/minor stroke mimics, TNAs and all acute cerebrovascular events among all referrals from the general population to a TIA clinic; to determine the reliability of clinical diagnosis of TIA and non-specific TNA; to improve the classification of non-specific TNAs; and to predict the risk of stroke and other major vascular events after a non-specific TNA and TNA syndromes. I have collected and analysed data from a population-based study, the Oxford Vascular Study (OXVASC). OXVASC is an ongoing prospective, population-based incidence study of all vascular diseases in all territories in Oxfordshire, UK, which started in 2002. The study population comprises approximately 92,728 individuals registered with nine GP practices and uses multiple overlapping methods of "hot" and "cold" pursuit to identify patients with acute vascular events. The research described in this thesis has several clinically relevant findings which can contribute to improving the diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspected TIAs. First, I highlighted that TIA/minor stroke mimics (mimics) were responsible for one quarter of all suspected TIAs, had similar short- and long-term risk of acute cardiac events as did TIAs, and that the majority (70%) of mimics were complex neurological conditions. Second, I showed that TIA/minor ischaemic strokes are each more common than major ischaemic strokes and that TIA/minor ischaemic stroke patients together had two-thirds of all recurrent strokes and two-thirds of all myocardial infarctions and sudden cardiac deaths. Moreover, the 10 years' cumulative risk of stroke in patients with TIA, minor stroke and major stroke was very high and the risk of death among all cerebrovascular events was greater than 50%. Third, I found that the crude incidence rate of TNAs per 1000 people in OXVASC was slightly higher than the crude incidence rate of TIAs (0.73 versus 0.67) and increased with age. In addition, I reported that among TNA syndromes, transient isolated vertigo, unilateral sensory symptoms, migraine-aura like events and transient confusion had high incidence rates, whereas transient total paralysis and transient speech arrest had low incidence rates. Fourth, I showed that about one-third of TIAs seen in the first 10 years of OXVASC did not fulfil the classical criteria (NINDS-negative TIA) and had the same short- and long-term risk of stroke as NINDS-positive TIAs. Fifth, although the 90 days stroke risk after a TNA was lower than after a NINDS-positive TIA, in the post 90 days up to 10 years period the risk of recurrent stroke was not significantly different between the two groups. Sixth, the risks of stroke were higher than expected in the background population in all TNA categories (focal-TNA, non-focal TNA and focal plus non-focal TNA) and all TNA syndromes (isolated brainstem syndrome, migraine-like syndrome, isolated sensory syndromes, isolated visual disturbance, isolated speech disturbance, transient confusion and transient unresponsiveness) except transient amnesia. Moreover, non-focal TNAs and focal plus non-focal TNAs had a six times higher risk of stroke than expected and a similar risk to NINDS-positive TIAs. Finally, transient confusion and transient unresponsiveness had a relative risk of stroke nine times higher than expected and twice the risk of NINDS-positive TIAs.
17
藤本, 重行. "分泌型亜鉛要求性酵素活性化機構の分子機序に関する解析". Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217752.
18
Clément, Thomas. "Recherche de liens entre expression d'ARN non codants et physiopathologies articulaires, utilisation des microARN comme biomarqueurs du phénotype chondrocytaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0113/document.
Анотація:
L’arthrose est la pathologie articulaire la plus répandue et, avec l’allongement de l’espérance de vie, sa prévalence ne cesse d’augmenter. Elle se caractérise par une dégénérescence du cartilage articulaire associée à une inflammation synoviale et un remodelage anormal de l’os sous-chondral, qui résultent en une perte progressive de mobilité et des douleurs très handicapantes. Dans le cartilage, le chondrocyte est le seul type cellulaire et il est responsable de la synthèse des composants de la matrice extracellulaire (collagènes, protéoglycanes). Au cours de l’arthrose, le phénotype du chondrocyte est altéré et la balance synthèse/dégradation des composants matriciels est déséquilibrée en faveur de la dégradation du cartilage. Il n’existe actuellement aucun traitement permettant de ralentir efficacement l’évolution du processus arthrosique, de sorte que la recherche de biomarqueurs pertinents et de cibles thérapeutiques potentielles est en pleine effervescence depuis l’explosion de l’étude des microARNs. Les microARNs sont des petits ARNs non codants régulant négativement l’expression des gènes. On estime que 50% des gènes sont potentiellement régulés par les miARNs. Les miARNs semblent impliqués dans tous les processus biologiques majeurs tels que la différenciation cellulaire, l’apoptose ou encore la cancérisation. Ces petits ARN non codants sont donc des biomarqueurs potentiels très intéressants. Au cours de ces travaux de thèse l’implication des miARN dans la régulation du phénotype chondrocytaire a été étudiée. A partir d’un modèle de perte du phénotype chondrocytaire différencié, provoquée par des repiquages successifs ou une stimulation par l’IL-1β les variations du profil d’expression des miARNs ont été analysées par l’utilisation de puces dédiées. Ces données ont permis de mettre en évidence 43 miARNs candidats dont le cluster miR-23~27b~24-1 et miR-29b. L’étude de la régulation de la production différentielle des miARNs de ce cluster a été entreprise, sans que nous parvenions toutefois à apporter une réponse formelle sur les mécanismes impliqués. Néanmoins, nous avons identifié miR-29b comme un régulateur négatif de l’expression du gène codant Col-IIa1 au cours de la perte du phénotype différencié, ainsi que chez les chondrocytes « arthrosiques ». Enfin, comme il a été montré au laboratoire que l’équilibre entre les concentrations extracellulaires de pyrophosphate/phosphate inorganique (ePi/ePPi) était essentiel au maintien du phénotype chondrocytaire différencié, nous nous sommes intéressés à la régulation des gènes codant les acteurs protéiques impliqués dans cette balance (ANK, PC1, Pit-1 et TNAP). A partir de prédictions de cibles par analyse in silico, un panel de 4 miARNs candidats a été établi : let7e, miR-9, miR-188 et miR-219. Nos travaux avec des systèmes rapporteurs ont démontré l’implication de miR-9 en tant que régulateur négatif de l’expression des gènes PC-1, Pit-1 et TNAP, de façon cohérente ou non avec les prédictions bio-informatiquesOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent joint disease and its prevalence still grows with the increase in lifespan. OA is characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, together with synovitis and abnormal subchondral bone remodeling, leading to progressive loss of mobility and pain. Chondrocyte is the unique cell type in cartilage which accounts for the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components (collagens, proteoglycans). During OA, chondrocyte phenotype is altered and the balance between ECM synthesis and degradation is impaired towards cartilage degradation. To date no treatment can efficiently reduce OA progression so that the search for reliable biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets is very active, particularly since the discovery of microRNAs. miRNAs are estimated to regulate 50% of cellular genes. They contribute to major cellular processes such as cell differentiation, apoptosis or tumorigenesis. Therefore, miRNAs are interesting putative biomarkers. During this PhD thesis, we studied the contribution of miARNs to the control of chondrocyte phenotype. Using a model of chondrocyte differentiated phenotype loss induced by extensive subculturing or IL-1β challenge we studied changes in miRNAs profile with microarrays. We determined a panel of 43 varying miRNA including the miR-23~27b~24-1 cluster and miR-29b. The differential production of miRNAs from this cluster has been investigated, but we didn’t succeed in identifying the underlying mechanisms. However, we identified miR-29b as a negative post-transcriptional regulator of Col-IIa1 during differentiated phenotype loss and OA. Finally, as equilibrium between extracellular levels of inorganic phosphate and pyrophosphate (ePi/ePPi) was previously shown in the laboratory to be crucial for the maintenance of a differentiated chondrocyte phenotype, we studied the regulation of the genes encoding the 4 proteins regulating this balance (ANK, PC1, Pit-1 and TNAP). From in silico analysis, we selected a panel of 4 miRNAs: let7e, miR-9, miR-188 and miR-219. Using reporter assays, we showed that miR-9 was a negative regulator of PC-1, Pit-1 and TNAP, according or not to bioinformatics prediction
19
Setterhall, Veronica. "Digital Deliveries : A comparison between the National Archives in Sweden and the United Kingdom reflecting the challenges for higher archival collaboration within the European Union." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Information Technology and Media, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-581.
Анотація:
The European Union has lead to higher collaboration between the European countries, more exchange of information and a tendency to centralize more political decisions. There is also a tendency to try to create legislations that are more similar in each nation.
This paper aims at giving an idea about the challenges that the nations might meet when working towards higher archival collaboration within the European Union. The report by the European Commission “Report on archives in the enlarged European Union - Increased archival collaboration in Europe: action plan” from 2005 states that there is a need for higher European collaboration within the field of archives. The goal is to create a gateway for the citizens to have easy access to archival information from the different member states.
There are some obstacles for this to easily work. To start with the member nations have different cultural traditions and legislations when it comes to freedom of information. It has also got to do with technical issues such as which computer systems, file types and structures et c that are allowed.
This paper takes its starting point in the field of digital deliveries to the national archives of Sweden and The United Kingdom. A comparison has been made to show the difference of how these countries proceed with their archival work to give an idea about how these differences can affect the wish for higher collaboration within the European Union.
20
Servent, Denis. "Métabolisation de la trinitroglycérine par Phanerochaete chrysosporium et par les cytochromes P-450 des microsomes hépatiques." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD295.
Анотація:
Nous avons étudié les mécanismes enzymatiques impliqués dans la bioconversion de la trinitroglycérine (TNG) par un champigon filamenteux : Phanerochaete chrysosporium ainsi que sa métabolisation par des extraits de cellules hépatiques. Les résultats suivants ont été mis en évidence : - Le mycelium dégrade la TNG en 2-MNG avec un rendement de 90% et une régiosélectivité de 80%. Les spectres RPE effectués au cours de l'incubation de la TNG mettent en évidence la formation de complexes hémoprotéine-NO et protéine Fe-S-NO intracellulaires. - La dégradation de la TNG par P. Chrysosporium met en jeu différents systèmes enzymatiques composés de plusieurs activités solubles et membranaires. L'activité cytosolique est constituée d'une activité glutathion-transférase et d'une hémoprotéine de type cytochrome P-450. Une hémoprotéine semble intervenir au niveau des activités liées aux membranes et plus particulièrement de type cytochrome P-450 dans la fraction microsomiale. - Des microsomes de foie de rat induit au phénobarbital interagissent avec la TNG pour donner un spectre UV-visible de type I alors qu'en anaérobie et en présence de NADPH apparaît un spectre caractéristique d'une interaction cytochrome P-450-NO. Ces microsomes dégradent la TNG en ses dérivés di et mononitrés. Parmi les inducteurs de cytochromes P-450 étudiés, la dexaméthasone augement nettement la concentration des cytochromes P-450 efficaces dans la dégradation réductive de la TNG. Ce résultat, de même que les effets d'inhibiteurs spécifiques, permet d'impliquer la forme IIIA du cytochrome P-450We have studied the eniymatic mechanisms involved in the bioconversion of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) by a filamentous fungus : Phanerochaete chrysosporium and in the GTN metabolization by hepatic cells extract. The following resuits have been pointed out - The fungus degrade GTN in 2-GMN with a rate of 90% and 80% of regioselectivity. EPR spectra made during GTN incubation show the formation of intracellular complexes identified like hemoprotein-NO and protein Fe-S-NO. - The GTN degradation by P. Chrysosporium involved enzymatic systems_ constituted by soluble and membrane activities. The cytosolic activity is constituted by a glutathion-transferase and by an hemoprotein like cytochrome P-450. Hemoproteins seems to be involve in membrane activities and in particular a cytochrome P-450 in microsomal fraction. - Hepatic rat microsomes, induced by phenobarbital, interact with GTN to form a type I spectrum. In presence of NADPH and in anaerobic condition, a spectrum appeared, caracteristic of an interaction cytochrome P-450-NO. These microsomes degrade GTN in di and mononitrated derivatives. Amongst the cytochrome P-450 inducer tested, dexamethasone increases stongly the concentration of cytochrome P-450 involved in the reductive degradation of GTN. This result and the effect of specific inhibitors allow us to involve the IIIA form of cytochrome P-450
21
Elia, Letizia. "PCA study of the interannual variability of the GPS height and environmental parameters." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20438/.
Анотація:
The objective of this study is to investigate a large network of GPS stations to identify and analyze spatially coherent signals present in the Up coordinate time series of the stations and, at the same locations, to identify and analyze common patterns in the series of environmental parameters and climate indices. The study is confined to Europe and the Mediterranean area, where 107 GPS sites were selected from the archive of the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory (NGL) on the basis of the completeness and length of the data series. The parameters of interest the Up coordinate of the GPS stations, the surface pressure (SP), the terrestrial water storage (TWS) and various climate indices: NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation), EA (East Atlantic), AO (Artic Oscillation), SCAND (Scandinavia), TNA (Tropical North Atlantic) and MEI v2 (Multivariate ENSO Index version 2). The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is the methodology adopted to extract the main patterns of the space/time variability of these parameters. The work also focused on the coupled modes of space/time interannual variability between pairs of variables using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) methodology. The coupled variability between all the aforementioned parameters is investigated.
This study has identified, over Europe and the Mediterranean, main modes of variability in the time series of the GPS Up coordinate, SP and TWS. The SVD analysis of coupled parameters, namely GPS Up-SP and GPS Up-TWS, showed that most of the common variability is explained by the first 3 modes. Moreover, the correlation between the GPS Up coordinate and the climate indices was estimated to investigate the possible influence of climate variability on the GPS Up behaviour. More than 30 stations, over the total of 107, show significant correlations with the AO, TNA and SCAND indices. The correlation coefficients with MEI v2 turn out to be significant and up to 0.5 for about half of the stations.
22
Habib, Bachir. "MIMO Channel Hardware Simulator for LTE and 802.11ac Wireless Communication Systems." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAR0023.
Анотація:
Pour évaluer les performances des systèmes de communications sans fil, un simulateur matériel de canal MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) est réalisé pour les nouveaux systèmes de communication. Il fournit la vitesse de traitement nécessaire et permet d’évaluer les performances en temps réel. Il permet de comparer les différents systèmes dans les mêmes conditions souhaitées. Les objectifs de ce travail concernent principalement les modèles de canal MIMO et l'architecture de bloc numérique du simulateur matériel.Le simulateur matériel conçu peut être configuré avec les nouveaux réseaux radio-mobiles (LTE) et les réseaux locaux sans fil (WLAN 802.11ac). Il utilise des modèles de canaux standardisés, comme le TGn IEEE 802.11n et le 3GPP-LTE, ou des résultats de mesures effectuées avec un sondeur de canalMIMO conçu et réalisé dans notre laboratoire. Récemment, le sondeur de canal a été utilisé au cours de campagnes de mesure pour des environnements à bord d’un navire et de l’extérieur-vers-l’intérieur (outdoor-to-indoor). Un algorithme est proposé pour que les réponses impulsionnelles mesurées soient compatibles avec la bande des signaux LTE. En outre, le modèle de Kronecker avec des évanouissements de Rayleigh est utilisé pour obtenir un canal variant dans le temps.Le simulateur doit être capable de reproduire différents types d'environnement. Dans ce contexte, de nombreux scénarios ont été proposés. Ils considèrent le mouvement à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur pour des environnements et des réseaux hétérogènes. Un algorithme est proposé et analysé pour basculer entre les environnements d’une manière continue. Ces réseaux offrent des services à travers un réseau cellulaire à l'aide du LTE et sont capables de maintenir le service lors du passage à un réseau local sans fil WLAN 802.11ac.Deux architectures pour le bloc numérique du simulateur matériel sont proposées. La première opère dans le domaine fréquentiel en utilisant des modules de transformée de Fourier rapide (FFT/IFFT). Dans ce contexte, une nouvelle architecture fréquentielle améliorée qui fonctionne avec des signaux d'entrée de longue durée est proposée. La seconde opère dans le domaine temporel en utilisant des filtres à Réponse Impulsionnelle Finie (FIR).Les architectures ont été implémentées sur des circuits programmables (FPGA : Field Programmable Gate Array) Virtex-IV de Xilinx. Leurs occupations sur FPGA, la précision des signaux de sortie et leur latence sont analysées et comparées. De plus, une solution basée sur un facteur d’échelle automatique (ASF: Auto-Scale Factor) est introduite pour augmenter la précision des signaux de sortieTo evaluate the performance of the emerging mobile and wireless communication systems, a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel hardware simulator is designed and implemented using the recent communication standards. It provides the processing speed required to the real-time performance evaluation and allows comparing various systems in the same test conditions. The objectives of this work mainly concern the MIMO channel models and the digital block architecture of the hardware simulator. The hardware simulator can be configured with Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) 802.11ac signals. It uses standard channel models, as 3GPP LTE and TGn IEEE 802.11n. It also allows replaying measurement results obtained with the MIMO channel sounder designed and realized at our laboratory. In fact, data obtained during measurement campaigns onboard a ship and for outdoor-to-indoor environments were used. The measured impulse responses are pre-processed in order to make them compatible with LTE or 802.11ac signals. Moreover, timevarying channel models are obtained using Kronecker model with Rayleigh fading.The simulator must be able to reproduce different types of environment. In this context, many scenarios considering realistic people movements have been proposed. They involve movements in outdoor, indoor, outdoor-to-indoor or heterogeneous environments. An algorithm is proposed and described to switch between the environments in a continuous manner. Heterogeneous wireless communication systems are also considered. These systems provide service through a cellular network using LTE standard and are able to maintain the service when switching to a WLAN 802.11ac, for example.Two architectures for the digital block of the hardware simulator are proposed. The first operates in the frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT/IFFT) modules. A new improved frequency architecture that works for streaming mode input signals is proposed. The second operates in time domain using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters.The architectures of the digital block of the hardware simulator are implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Virtex-IV from Xilinx. Their occupation on the FPGA, the accuracy of the output signals and their latency are analyzed and compared. Moreover, a new algorithm, based on an Auto-Scale Factor (ASF), is added for the time domain architecture. This algorithm improves the precision of the output signals
23
Tanner, Douglas Ray. "Genetic Analysis of Ribosome Stalling and Rescue." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2272.
Анотація:
In eubacteria, ribosome stalling on broken messenger RNA transcripts can lead to cell death. The trans-translation quality control mechanism rescues many of these stalled ribosomes. In this process, tmRNA enters stalled ribosomes by mimicking a transfer RNA, accepting the stalled nascent peptide. The ribosome then releases the broken mRNA and resumes translation on a coding region within tmRNA itself. Translation of tmRNA marks the nascent peptide for destruction by the addition of a short proteolysis tag and the ribosome is released at a stop codon within the tmRNA open reading frame. An intriguing aspect of trans-translation is that the ribosome synthesizes one protein from two RNA templates. How is the proper site chosen on tmRNA to resume translation? Do the conserved pseudoknot structures help set the reading frame? Using a genetic selection to assay libraries of tmRNA mutants, we found that stable hairpin structures can functionally replace pseudoknot 1. We conclude that the role of pseudoknot 1 in tmRNA function is purely structural. Our results demonstrate that the inactivity of an RNA mutant designed to destroy a given structure should not be interpreted as proof that the structure is necessary for RNA function. Such mutations may only destabilize a global fold that could be formed equally well by an entirely different, stable structure. Broken mRNAs are not the only cause of ribosome stalling; stalling can also result from nascent peptide interactions with the ribosomal exit tunnel that inhibit peptidyl-transferase activity. SecM, TnaC, and ErmCL all stall ribosomes to regulate the expression of downstream genes. What other peptide sequences can cause ribosome stalling? We modified our tmRNA-based selection to screen libraries of random peptides and identified a number of novel stalling peptides, including the sequence FxxYxIWPP. This sequence interacts with the exit tunnel differently than SecM and TnaC as seen in studies using mutant ribosomes. Like SecM, stalling occurs on this sequence with the next aminoacyl tRNA trapped in the A site but unable to react with the nascent peptide. These results show that a variety of peptides can interact in the exit tunnel and peptidyl-transferase center to regulate ribosome activity.
24
Schön, Anna. "Utopia Trek : utopibegreppets resa genom Star Trek." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2539.
Анотація:
Humanity has always dreamed about a better world. These dreams has manifested themselves in the vision of Utopia - the good place, but also the non-existing place. Up until World War II man still wrote optimistic descriptions of this ideal world, and spread the idea through literature. In the aftermath of the atomic bomb and under the influence of the cold war, these publications seized to surface in literary surroundings. Despite this utopia did not die - it has only changed. Today you can find utopia, not primarily in books, but in Science Fiction. TV’s biggest Science Fiction-series, Star Trek, is perhaps the best example of this. The Master's thesis "Utopia Trek - a travel through Star Trek with the concept of utopia" takes you through the history of utopia and into its new habitat, Star Trek, where the essence of a utopia for the 21th century is found, discussed and reevaluated.
Mänskligheten har alltid drömt om en bättre värld. Dessa drömmar har manifesterats i visionen om Utopia - den goda platsen, men också platsen som inte existerar. Fram till andra världskriget skrev man fortfarande optimistiska beskrivningar av denna idealvärld, och spred idén via litteraturen. Efter hotet från atombomben och under påverkan av det kalla kriget, slutade dessa publikationer att dyka uppi litterära sammanhang. Trots detta dog inte drömmen utopia - det har bara förändrats. Idag kan man finna utopia, inte företrädesvis i böcker, utan i science fiction. Tv:s största science fiction-serie, Star Trek, är kanske det bästa exemplet på detta. Magisteruppsatsen "Utopia Trek - utopibegreppets resa genom Star Trek" tar dig genom utopias historia och in i dess nya hemvist, Star Trek, där essensen av ett utopia för 2000-talet upptäcks, diskuteras och omvärderas.
25
劉敏憲. "高能分子TNAD、TNAZ衍生物之熱力學與動力學理論研究及其爆炸性能的預測". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17997884174326003564.
26
Jiang, Yu-Lin, and 江育霖. "Antioxidative Activities of Extracts of TNG 71 and TNG 57 Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Leaves." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41164754964557725655.
Анотація:
碩士大葉大學
生物產業科技學系
102
This study is aimed to evaluate the antioxidative activities of the extracts from the leaves of Ipomoea batatas L. TNG 71 and TNG 57. Various solvents (water, 40% alcohol, and 95% alcohol) were used to extract the fresh and dried leaves. Each extract was concentrated under a reduced pressure and freeze-drying process. The total contents of phenolics and flavoids as well as the antioxidative activities of each extract were analyzed. Assays of antioxidative activities included DPPH (α, α-diphenyl- β-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging ability, chelating ability of ferrous iron, reducing ability of ferric ion, and the scavenging ability of agreement of basic telecommunications services. Furthermore, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts. The results showed that the highest (36%) the yields for both (TNG-71 and TNG-57) were from the 95% ethanol extracts. Total phenolic contents were highest (2.20 mg/g). The 40% ethanol extracts of fresh and dried leaves of TNG-71 and TNG-57 had the highest total phenolic contents. The total contents of flavoids were highest (5.53 mg/g) by 95%. Ethanol extracts for both fresh and dried leaves of TNG-71 and TNG-57 had the highest total contents of flavoids. For antioxidant capacity, 40% ethanol extracts of fresh TNG-71 and TNG-57 leaves had the highest scavenge ability of DPPH (IC50＝0.02 mg/mL). On the other hand, for dried TNG-71 and TNG-57 leaves, 95% ethanol extracts performed with better antioxidant activities (IC50＜0.01 mg/mL). The 95% ethanol extract of fresh TNG-71 leaves had the highest chelating abilities of ferrous iron (IC50＝0.28 mg/mL), and for the other aqueous extracts, the chelating abilities had also reached IC50＜0.26 mg/mL. For the reducing ability of ferric ion, the 95% ethanol extract was the highest under a concentration higher than 0.8 mg/mL. For the scavenging ability of ABTS, the 40% ethanol extract was the highest (IC50＜0.25 mg/mL) among all. In summary, the extracts (by 40% or 95% ethanol) of I. batatas leaves had potent antioxidative capacities. All extracts could inhibit the growth of S. aureus at a concentration of 0.05 mg/mL or higher, but no antimicrobial activity to E. coli. The results obtained in this study are useful for future research and development of functional foods.
27
TING, HUANG SHIH, and 黃詩婷. "Development of Egg Roll Using TNG 71 Rice." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39723299905737654132.
Анотація:
碩士亞洲大學
保健營養生技學系
103
This study we developed egg roll using TNG 71 polished rice and brown rice, then evaluated its quolity basing on the tests of pH value, moisture content, water activity, water holding capacity, bulk density, specific volume, L、a、b value, water absorption index, water solubility index,emulsion properties,oil quality, total plate count, physical property, baking loss and sensory evaluation. We found that the moisture, protein, fat, ash and total sugar of TNG 71 polished rice were 12.66%, 6.23%, 0.37%, 0.26%,78.56% and brown rice were 12.56%,6.94%,1.52%, 1.21%,76.21% in respectively. Used the different TNG 71 rice particle size as raw materials to make the baking egg roll, we analyzed egg roll quality basing on rice batter's emulsion properties and egg roll's physical properties, baking loss rate, volume size and sensory evaluation. The results showed, the egg roll made from polish rice and brown rice, when particle size less than 100 mesh have the largest emulsifying activity, breaking force, rigidity. and sensory evaluation overall score. Egg rolls supplemented with milk caramel showed significant have least baking loss and largest breaking force. On the other hand the egg roll with shortening oil has the largest emulsifying activity, breaking force, rigidity and volume. During twelve weeks storage and accelerated storage test during four weeks of egg roll, the values of peroxide value(POV), acid value(AV), thiobarbituric acid value and (TBA) value were increased, whereas, pH value was decreased.The POV、AV、TBA and, pH value in polished rice are 15.33-16.67 meq/kg、1.37-1.60 mg/g、17.33-17.56 MDA/g and, 7.81-7.79, in brown rice are 13.33-14.67 meq/kg、1.09-1.23 mg/g、16.23-16.53 MDA/g and, 7.09-7.00.On the other hand, the sensory evaluation and breaking force no significant difference (p > 0.05) during this storage period. The egg roll have very good stability during this storage period, so we concluded the egg roll have expansibility in the future.
28
Lian, Wei-Pei, and 連芛珮. "The Effects of Platonin on Reducing Glutamate-Induced Death in CTX TNA2 Astrocytes." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31936625643581727755.
29
Yang, Ya-Ting, and 楊雅婷. "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell using TiO2 Nanowires on Anodic TiO2 nanotube Arrays (TNWs/TNAs)." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g644t9.
Анотація:
碩士國立交通大學
照明與能源光電研究所
101
Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), a new generation solar cell, has the potential to be widely used due to its advantages of low cost, compatibility for flexible devices, and enhanced performance with temperature. Specifically, the morphology of TiO2 film is one of the major factors affecting the conversion efficiency. Among various structures, TiO2 nanotube has great potential due to the highly ordered could provide a direct transport route and higher stability for flexible device. In this study, a TNWs/TNAs hybrid structure was first fabricated using a one-step method by anodizing a titanium foil in electrolytes consisting of NH4F and H2O, under different voltage and processing time. The evolution and the mechanism of TNWs/TNAs hybrid structure prepared by using mechanical stirring were examined and proposed. The DSSC performance of TNWs/TNAs was measured and compared to TNAs and conventional TiO2 nanoparticle film. Based on the I-V characteristics and dye absorption measurement by an UV-visible spectroscopy, nanowires in the TNWs/TNAs (12 贡m) hybrid structure enhance the surface area and improve the redox couple diffusion in TiO2 electrode to raise the photocurrent, resulting in enhanced conversion efficiency. For TNWs/TNAs hybrid structure (30V, 8 hours), the conversion efficiency and Jsc are 1.85%, 5.27 mA/cm2, compared to 1.04% and 3.81 mA/cm2 in a TNA only film. The 44.3% improvement in conversion efficiency can be attributed to the enhanced dye adsorption (21%) and better electron transport in TNWs/TNAs compared to TNAs only. Overall, TNWs/TNAs films show great potential to be a simple and flexible DSSC.
30
Lin, Yi-chun, and 林宜君. "Computational Consideration of Recurring the Tng-ko of Taiwan Traditional Timber Frame." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67507067163234659489.
Анотація:
博士國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
97
This research focuses on the “Tng-ko” technique of Taiwanese Han-style traditional buildings, which brings up a feasible reservation applying digital method. The Tng-ko is a tailor-made wooden ruler with one-to-one scale measurements of heights for important wooden components designed specially for a Han-style traditional building. In modern times, transcend of these precious building practice is losing its ground fast as the younger generation lacking the interest to continue inheriting these invaluable traditional building techniques. Having aware of the possible implications arisen once this intangible asset is lost, the deciphering (and interpretative) work of the Tng-ko becomes all the more important. This study attempt using data calculation method and interview master carpenters to take lessons in Tng-ko technique. On the other hand, by using 3D laser scanning technology on a selected cases to build up a complete 3D digital space information, together with the master carpenter’s concept of playing a building, were used to reversely work out the digital Tng-ko that was already lost. The success of using 3D laser scanning techniques to produce the digital Tng-ko opens up an alternative approach in the field of architectural conservation and will become an important reference point for conservation and maintenance of historical buildings in the future.
31
Liao, Chi-Ya, and 廖麒雅. "Synthesis of TiO2 Nanowires on TiO2 Nanotubes arrays (TNWs/TNAs) Hybrid Structure and their Photocatalytic Performance." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79139426005996957863.
Анотація:
碩士國立交通大學
材料科學與工程學系所
102
TiO2 nanowires on TiO2 nanotubes arrays (TNWs/TNAs) were fabricated by anodic oxidation, which is simple and low-cost. The anodizing time and the water content in the electrolyte for the effect of morphology were investigated in this thesis. The longer anodizing time would fabricate the thicker TiO2 film, larger TNAs diameter and longer TNWs. On the other hand, more water content in the electrolyte would fabricate the thinner TiO2 film, larger TNAs diameter and shorter TNWs. We also controlled the anodizing time and water content to fabricate various thicknesses of TNWs/TNAs films and different lengths of TNWs, and we further discussed their ability to photodegrade methylene blue (MB). In this research, TNWs/TNAs film with 10.5 μm film thickness, 75 nm TNAs diameter and 2.5 μm TNWs length has best photocatalytic activity due to their larger surface area. Finally, we compared with TNWs/TNAs and TiO2 nanoparticles (Degussa, P-25) film, though the surface area of nanoparticles is larger than TNWs/TNAs, the ability of photocatalysis is worse than TNWs/TNAs because TNWs/TNAs provide direct carriers diffusion path, which reduces the probability of recombination, and thus result in promotion of photocatalytic performance. On the other hand, TNWs/TNAs are easier retrieve and re-use in comparison with particles which suspend in the reaction water. Therefore, TNWs/TNAs are a suitable photocatalyst for use in the water purification.
32
Cave, Eleanor Margaret. "Elucidating the mechanisms through which tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase mediates intracellular lipid accumulation." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25676.
Анотація:
Background: Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is an enzyme which functions within the body to catalyze the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate to phosphate, and is a well-known mediator of bone mineralization. It has also been identified as a positive mediator of intracellular lipid accumulation (ICLA) in both murine and human preadipocytes as well as in the hepatocellular cell line HepG2. However, the mechanism through which TNAP functions to control ICLA is not known. Both osteoblasts and adipocytes are both of mesenchymal origin and thus may share conserved mechanisms through which TNAP functions. Within bone, TNAP converts pyrophosphate (which inhibits mineralization) to phosphate. This phosphate is essential to the mineralization process through binding to hydroxyapatite crystals, and it also activates the transcription of genes whose products function in osteoblast differentiation, including NRF2. This thesis therefore aimed to determine the role of both pyrophosphate and TNAP-generated phosphate in ICLA. In addition, it is possible that TNAP may interact with other proteins, as it is known that TNAP is able to dephosphorylate proteins such as tau. This thesis therefore aimed to determine whether TNAP binds to other proteins in the context of ICLA.
Lipids are not only stored within hepatocytes and adipocytes, but are also found in cells of the adrenal cortex, and TNAP is known to be expressed within such cells. Therefore, this thesis also aimed to determine whether TNAP is involved in the accumulation of cholesterol esters within lipid droplets in the adrenal cortex.
Methods: To determine the effect of high intracellular pyrophosphate levels on ICLA, 3T3-L1 cells (a preadipocyte cell line) were cultured in the presence and absence of probenecid, an inhibitor of the pyrophosphate transporter ANK, and induced to accumulate lipids. Lipid accumulation was monitored through Oil red O staining. The effect of probenecid treatment on TNAP activity and intracellular pyrophosphate levels was also analysed. To determine whether TNAP functions in ICLA by producing phosphate for gene induction, 3T3-L1 cells were stimulated to undergo ICLA in the presence and absence of the TNAP inhibitor levamisole, which in turn blocks ICLA. Levamisole treated cells were also incubated with phosphate to see if this would overcome the inhibitory effect of levamisole on ICLA. The ability of phosphate to induce gene expression of NRF2 was determined through real-time PCR. In addition, an NRF2 expressing plasmid was transfected into cells treated with the TNAP inhibitor levamisole to determine if this would also overcome the block on ICLA caused by TNAP inhibition.
In silico analysis identified TRAF2 as a potential binder of TNAP. The expression of TRAF2 during ICLA was determined through real time PCR, and the effect of overexpression of TRAF2 on intracellular lipid accumulation was determined through the transfection of a TRAF2 expressing plasmid in cells induced to undergo ICLA.
To determine whether TNAP modulates lipid accumulation in cells of the adrenal cortex, the Y1 murine adrenocortical cell line was cultured in the presence and absence of TNAP inhibitor levamisole, and ICLA measured by Oil Red O staining. The location of TNAP within Y1 cells was identified by histochemical staining.
Results: Cells treated with probenecid showed increased pyrophosphate levels (expressed as a % of levels observed at baseline) when compared to untreated controls (155.5 ± 15.1 % vs 51.1 ± 18.9 %; p=0.001) after 24 hours of culture. Increased pyrophosphate levels resulted in ICLA within 3T3-L1 cells surpassing levels seen in untreated controls (507.4 ± 30.4 % vs 337.6 ± 16.17 %; p=0.004). This increase in pyrophosphate was coupled to an increase in TNAP activity within the initial 24 hours (291.5 ± 72.8 % vs baseline of 100%; p=0.038) compared to that seen in control experiments (103.43 ± 24.3 % vs baseline of 100%; p=0.848). Cells treated with levamisole showed minimal ICLA and when exogenous phosphate was added, lipid levels were reconstituted to levels similar to that seen in cells induced to accumulate lipids in the absence of levamisole (284.01 ± 62.52% vs 275.86 ± 35.52%; p= 0.83). In the presence of levamisole plus exogenous phosphate, NRF2 expression was upregulated within 1 hour of treatment to levels greater than that seen in the absence of phosphate but presence of levamisole (216.64 ± 19.24% vs 98.28 ± 3.79%; p=0.004). Expression of NRF2 (through transfection with an NRF2 expression plasmid) in cells deficient in TNAP activity (via levamisole treatment), and induced to accumulate lipids, was not able to completely reconstitute ICLA when compared to cells not treated with levamisole (193.72 ± 16.51 vs 326.46 ± 47.64; p = 0.019), but ICLA was still greater than that observed at baseline.
In silico analysis predicted that TNAP would bind to TRAF2, yet neither band shift assays nor immune co-precipitation showed evidence of this. However, TRAF2 mRNA was down regulated within 3T3-L1 cells during adipogenesis, reaching levels of 15.27 ± 10.27% (p= 0.014) of baseline (levels prior to induction of intracellular lipid accumulation) by day 4 of lipid accumulation. Overexpression of TRAF2 during adipogenesis markedly reduced intracellular lipid accumulation (147.88 ± 11.28% vs 326.46 ± 47.64%; p=0.028 (after 8 days of culture)).
In Y1 cells TNAP activity is upregulated during ICLA, reaching 233 ± 37.56% (p=0.019 vs. baseline) of baseline levels within the initial 24 hours. Inhibition of TNAP activity through levamisole treatment resulted in a decrease in ICLA when compared to cells not treated with levamisole. Histochemical analysis showed that TNAP activity was localised to the lipid droplet.
Discussion and Conclusions: Within 3T3-L1 cells TNAP mediates intracellular lipid accumulation through the generation of phosphate. The phosphate is able to increase the expression of NRF2, however it is likely that NRF2 is not the only gene whose expression is regulated by TNAP-generated phosphate. It was found that TNAP and TRAF2 do not bind to each other in the context of ICLA; however TRAF2 is a negative mediator of ICLA through a TNAP-independent mechanism. Functional TNAP is necessary for the accumulation of cholesterol esters within the Y1 cell line, suggesting that TNAP is essential for lipid accumulation in cell types that store lipids in intracellular membrane-bound droplets in the form of triglycerides or cholesterol esters.GR2018
33
Yen, Kuang-Hung, and 顏光宏. "Theoretical study on Variety of substituent effects Influence the Synthesis of High Energy Density Material 1,3,3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ)." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87705964988735938201.
Анотація:
碩士國防大學理工學院
化學工程碩士班
102
This study is aimed at the simulation modeling of synthesis of 1,3,3-trinitro azetidine （TNAZ） high-energy compound. Based on the experimental nitrometane and 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol raw material methods in latest literatures, we suggested reasonably reaction mechanisms. Using quantum mechanical theory, i.e.,electronic density functional theory（DFT）B3LYP/6-31G（d,p） in the version of Gaussian 09 program, we have completed optimization work for all species in relatrd reaction stage and have obtained energy barrier data, which were referred to pick out the more feasible reaction path ways. From the research results：Nitromethane was used to react with formaldehyde through ionic type transition to produce 2,2-dinitro-1,3-propandiol,followed by reacting with hydrogen bromide to produce 1,3-dibromo-2,2-dinitro propane; further reacting with tertiary amine to produce 1-tertiary amino-3,3-dinitro azetidine, and undergo nitration to obtain TNAZ. Substituent effect of some atomic groups were found in this part of synthesis modeling, and a total activation energy of 1386.6 kJ/mol has to be conquered to complete the reaction. Furthermore, synthesis modeling with 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol raw material method, the suggested reaction routes could be bromination of glycerol to 1,3-dibromo-2-propanol; followed by reacting with nitromethane to undergo amination, and further cyclization, oxidation, oximization, nitration in sequence to produce the target TNAZ product. An overall 1163.5 kJ/mol of energy barrier has to be crossed over in this part of computation. Keywords：1,3,3 - trinitro azetidine（TNAZ）, density functional theory（DFT）, substituent effect, activation energy, amination reaction.
34
徐英豪. "A Study of the Influence of Forestry Development on Spatial changes of Tnug-Shih Settlement through Map Analysis（1895-1986）." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07354737149019948534.
Анотація:
碩士東海大學
建築學系
93
The study is concerned about the influence of forestry development on settlement spatial change during the Japanese occupation period and Nationalist government period. The forestry industry and spatial development in Tung-Shih are, in accordance with historical time, the subjects of the study. Map analysis is used as the research method. It is applied to investigate those relevant maps found and selected from the Japanese period and National governments period. Through the investigation of maps one against another, along with the historical documentation, the influence of the forestry development can be divided into five substance factors: direct, indirectly, conjunction, support, and service. The maps with different periods of time are superimposed to expose their differences and changes. Following that, these differences and changes are analyzed and explained with the assistance of related literature and interview. Finally, the findings are summarized into three basic systems for comparison. They are forestry, transportation, and settlement systems. Based on the afore-mentioned research viewpoints and method, the theme and contents of the study are focused on: 1.The impact of forestry industry on the settlement space of Tung-Shih. 2.The use of map as the analytical tool to find out the relations between the forestry industry and settlement space. It is found that the management of the forestry industry plays a leading resulted in different role in this study. Different operation policies applied in the two periods performance in the Pa-Hsien-Shan forestry and the Ta-Hsueh Shan forestry business. Each period had different influence on the development the settlement space of Tung-Shih. The function, meaning and structure of settlement space are changed by the coordinated function of the management direction of forestry industry, transportation system, and continuous development and management.
35
Chen, Yen-Ju, and 陳彥儒. "Anti-inflammatory effect of afatinib in oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated CTX-TNA2 cells and primary cultured rat astrocytes." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39632851699919906593.
Анотація:
碩士國立陽明大學
藥理學研究所
104
Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a 171-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein with tyrosine kinase (TK) activity is known to initiate multiple signaling cascades that generate intracellular mediators to regulate cell growth and proliferation as well as regulate cell survival, migration, differentiation, and death. However, EGFR has been proposed to be involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, including stroke. In response to injuries, EGFR reportedly triggers quiescent astrocytes to become reactive astrocytes. In my thesis, two aims were included, one was the effect of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) on astrocytes, CTX-TNA2 (a rat astrocyte cell line) and primary cultured rat astrocytes. The other was the anti-inflammatory effect of afatinib (an EGFR-TK inhibitor) on OGD-treated astrocytes. In the first part of the thesis, both CTX-TNA2 and primary cultured rat astrocytes were incubated in a cultured medium deprived of glucose in a chamber with 1% O2/ 94% N2/ 5% CO2 at 37°C for 3, 6, and 12 h. Western blot assay showed that OGD induced EGFR phosphorylation (tyrosine 1068) and activated subsequent signaling pathways, including phosphorylation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in time dependent manner. Besides, OGD elevated the level of activated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, a biomarker of activated astrocytes), cyclooxygenase (COX)-II, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), caspase 1 (a biomarker of inflammasome activation), and IL-1β (a pro-inflammatory cytokine). In the second part of the thesis, the effect of afatinib on OGD-induced activation of astrocytes was investigated by incubating afatinib with OGD (12h)-treated astrocytes. Western blot assay demonstrated that afatinib (1 and 10 nM) inhibited OGD (12h)-induced EGFR phosphorylation and its signaling pathways in dose dependent manner. Furthermore, afatinib attenuated OGD-elevated GFAP expression and reduced the colocalized immunofluorescent intensities of phosphorylated EGFR and GFAP, indicating that afatinib inhibited OGD-induced EGFR phosphorylation and astrocyte reactivation. The anti-inflammatory activity of afatinib was demonstrated as follows. First, afatinib reduced OGD-induced elevation in iNOS and COX-II levels as well as NO levels in the cultured medium. Moreover, afatinib inhibited OGD-induced activation of caspase 1 and IL-1β elevation. In addition, afatinib decreased the migration ability and engulfment of microspheres of activated astrocytes. afatinib was capable of potentiating OGD-induced elevation in excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT)-1 but not EAAT2. In conclusion, afatinib may exert its neuroprotective effect by inhibiting OGD-induced EGFR activation, neuroinflammation and migration. Furthermore, afatinib appears to attenuate phagocytosis in treated astrocytes. In conclusion, afatinib is capable of inhibiting EGFR activation, neuroinflammation, and migration. Translationally, EGFR-TKIs may be neuroprotective by exerting its anti-inflammatory action and thus attenuating brain damages.
36
PENG, LU FANG, and 彭路芳. "The Study of Rescue Efforts on the TNA Air Accident from the Perspectives of Cross-Sector Collaboration." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f9ym7m.
Анотація:
碩士國立臺北大學
公共行政暨政策學系碩士在職專班
106
Recently due to the impact of massive disasters, the problems caused by the disasters which could not be handled solely by government or one department are getting much more attention in our country. Therefore, scholars and researchers put more emphasis on those problems and bring up the issues of cross-sector collaboration and disaster prevention and rescue. This research takes TNA air accidents as an example and interviews the rescuers involved in the accidents with the qualitative research method. Based on the concept of cross-sector collaborations and using Bryson’s research as a theoretical framework, this research hopes to clearly clarify the situation of vertical integration of central and local governments, the horizontal integration of local governments (both Taipei City and New Taipei City) and the cross-sector collaborations network participated by the non-governmental organizations (Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation and Taiwan Mobile Vehicle Association of Venture Development), and to analyze the key factor affecting the cross-sector collaborations of the TNA air accident. This research discovers that the rescue operations of the TNA air accidents represent an exemplary demonstration of a successful cross-sector collaboration. Although the initial rescue procedure may not be as smooth as expected when the accidents just happened, the chaotic situation was quickly turned into an orderly and efficient collaboration as the duties are clearly defined, the commands are systematically given, and the disaster prevention support agreement between the Taipei and New Taipei Cities are faithfully executed. Together with the proper use of modern technologies and the solid drills and practices every day, these prove to be the critical ingredients contributing to the success on the TNA air accidents rescue operations. Last but not least, the supportive strength from the non-governmental organizations, including both the manpower and material supports, also makes up for the deficiency of the government. However, due to the enormous search range, initial discordance did happen when the field control personnel found it difficult to handle the influx of voluntary non-governmental helpers. All the difficulties encountered are well worth fathoming in the future.
37
DeFelippis, Daniel. "The Angular Momentum of the Circumgalactic Medium and its Connection to Galaxies in the Illustris and TNG Simulations." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-t6bh-0508.
Анотація:
A galaxy's angular momentum is known to be correlated with its morphology: at a given mass, spiral galaxies have higher angular momenta than elliptical galaxies. A galaxy's angular momentum is also largely set by its formation history: in particular, how much gas and the kinematic state of the gas that both accretes onto it and is expelled in galactic outflows from AGN and supernovae. All gas inflowing to and outflowing from the galaxy interacts with gas in the region surrounding the galaxy called the circumgalactic medium (CGM), which means at a fundamental level, the CGM controls the angular momentum of the galaxy. Therefore, to really understand the origins of galactic angular momentum, it is necessary to understand the angular momentum of the CGM itself. In this dissertation, I present a series of projects aimed at studying angular momentum in the CGM using the Illustris and IllustrisTNG cosmological hydrodynamical simulations suites. In an appendix, I also present a project on searching a survey of neutral hydrogen for previously undetected ultra-faint dwarf galaxies in and around the Milky Way's CGM.
First, to understand how present-day galaxies acquire their observed angular momentum, I analyze the evolution of the angular momentum of Lagrangian gas mass elements as they accrete onto dark matter halos, condense into Milky Way-scale galaxies, and join the z=0 stellar phase of those galaxies. I find that physical feedback from the galaxy is essential in order to produce reasonable values of galactic angular momentum, and that most of the effects of this feedback occur in the CGM, necessitating studying the angular momentum of the CGM itself.
Following on from this result, I then characterize the angular momentum distribution and structure within the CGM of simulated galaxies over a much larger range of halo masses and redshifts, with the goal of determining if there are common angular momentum properties in CGM populations. I indeed find that the angular momentum of the CGM is larger and better aligned around disk galaxies that themselves have high angular momentum. I also identify rotating structures of cold gas that are generally present around galactic disks. This clear connection of the CGM to the galaxy motivated a detailed comparison to observations of cold CGM gas.
I perform this comparison in the following chapter where I use the highest-resolution simulation from the IllustrisTNG suite of cosmological magneto-hydrodynamical simulations to generate synthetic observations of cold CGM gas around star-forming galaxies in order to study kinematics and compare them to line-of-sight observations of cold gas near comparable galaxies. With this direct comparison to observations of the CGM, I show that IllustrisTNG produces rotating CGM gas consistent with observations to a high degree.
In the penultimate chapter I present unpublished work where I begin to examine angular momentum evolution in the CGM on much finer timescales than can be resolved with the cosmological simulations I have used thus far. Preliminary results suggest that gas can experience large changes in angular momentum very quickly, and that these changes may be connected to corresponding changes in the temperature of the gas.
Finally, I conclude by summarizing my main results and briefly discussing what questions still remain unanswered and my plans and strategies for pursuing these questions in my future work.
38
LIOU, YAN-TING, and 劉彥廷. "Antioxidative Activies of Extracts from Tainung 66 (TNG 66) and Purple Sweet Potato of Ipomoea batatas L. Leaves." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89125018550161532000.
Анотація:
碩士大葉大學
生物產業科技學系
101
The polyphenols, being phytochemicals and having a strong antioxidant capacity, widely present in fruits and vegetables. It has been shown that polyphenolic com-pounds have the ability to rid free radicals in a human body and help protect body tis-sues against oxidative stress. The study is aimed to evaluate the antioxidativity of ex-tracts of the leaves of two varieties of sweet potatoes (TNG 66 and purple-leaf). Three different solvents (water, 40% ethanol, and 95% ethanol) were used to extract the leaves (fresh or dried). Each extract was concentrated under a reduced pressure and freeze-drying process to become a powder product. The contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids were determined, and the antioxidativity and the antibacterial ability of each extract were analyzed. The major analyses of antioxidativity included scavenging ability of α, α-dipheny1-β-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), ferrous iron chelating ability, ABTS cation scavenging ability, and reducing ability of ferric ion. Experi-mental results showed that the extracts of TNG 66 fresh and dried leaves had the highest extraction yields of 2.55％ and 5.80％, respectively, both extracted by water. For fresh and dried leaves of purple-leaf sweet potato, the highest yields were 3.23％ and 8.41％, respectively, both extracted by water. The total phenolics contents were 0.97 and 3.52 mg/g, respectively, in the extracts of the fresh leaves and dried leaves of TNG 66 sweet potato by 40% ethanol. The highest contents of total phenolics were 2.59 and 5.26 mg/g, respectively, in the extracts from the fresh leaves (extracted by water) and dried leaves (by 95% ethanol) of purple-leaf sweet potato. The total flavo-noid contents were 0.63 and 1.91 mg/g, respectively, in the extracts from the fresh leaves (extracted by water) and dried leaves (by 95% ethanol) of TNG 66 sweet potato. The total flavonoid contents were 6.11 and 5.66 mg/g, respectively, in the extracts from the fresh leaves (extracted by water) and dried leaves (by 40% ethanol) of the purple-leaf sweet potato. The extract of dried leaves (by 95% ethanol) of purple-leaf sweet potato had the highest antioxidative activity. The extract had the highest scavienge ability of DPPH (99.7％) at a concentration of 0.8 mg/mL, had the highest che-lating ability of ferrous iron (99.3％) at a concentration of 4 mg/mL, had the highest scavenge ability of ABTS cation (99.9％) at a concentration 0.8 mg/mL, and had the highest relative reducing ability (61.3％) at a concentration of 0.8 mg/mL. The extract of fresh leaves (by 40 % ethanol) of purple-leaf sweet potato had the highest antibac-terial ability and had a good antibacterial affect with an inhibiting zone of 11.0 mm at a low concentration of 0.05 mg/mL.
39
劉敏憲. "TNAD,DNNC及HCO前置體的製備及其分析鑑定及高能特性研究". Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52495939098325948269.
40
Harms, Monika. "Differenzierung aviärer Brachyspiren mit PCR-basierten Methoden und MALDI-TOF-MS." 2017. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21210.
41
"Developing Alternative Genetic System for Structural DNA nanotechnology and Darwinian Evolution." Doctoral diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14291.
Анотація:
abstract: A major goal of synthetic biology is to recapitulate emergent properties of life. Despite a significant body of work, a longstanding question that remains to be answered is how such a complex system arose? In this dissertation, synthetic nucleic acid molecules with alternative sugar-phosphate backbones were investigated as potential ancestors of DNA and RNA. Threose nucleic acid (TNA) is capable of forming stable helical structures with complementary strands of itself and RNA. This provides a plausible mechanism for genetic information transfer between TNA and RNA. Therefore TNA has been proposed as a potential RNA progenitor. Using molecular evolution, functional sequences were isolated from a pool of random TNA molecules. This implicates a possible chemical framework capable of crosstalk between TNA and RNA. Further, this shows that heredity and evolution are not limited to the natural genetic system based on ribofuranosyl nucleic acids. Another alternative genetic system, glycerol nucleic acid (GNA) undergoes intrasystem pairing with superior thermalstability compared to that of DNA. Inspired by this property, I demonstrated a minimal nanostructure composed of both left- and right-handed mirro image GNA. This work suggested that GNA could be useful as promising orthogonal material in structural DNA nanotechnology.Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Chemistry 2011
42
She, Tzu-Fang, and 佘慈芳. "Subject 1：Comparison of CID versus ETD based MS/MS fragmentation for the analysis of doubly derivatized steroidsSubject 2：Proteomic and bioinformatic analysis of rice leaf in TNG 67 and its aromatic mutant SA0420." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09512036543943944027.
Анотація:
碩士國立中興大學
分子生物學研究所
98
1. Steroids are essential hormones of human and significant drugs in treatment of inflammation. There are many diseases which related to concentration of steroids in human body. Because most content of endogenous and Anabolic steroids have similar structural characterization with slightly change of functional groups, the method of qualitative and quantitative analysis should be particular about sensitivity and precision. There are developed techniques of steroid analysis which include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), GC-MS, and LC-MS. Among these techniques, ELISA need specific antibody and GC-MS require volatilization of solution sample. However, LC-MS/MS has advantage that detection of complex sample and time-reduced of pretreatment, and it is a rapid and convenient technique for examination of disease and drugs. In this study, a rapid and specific analytical method based on liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) which combined collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) was used to detect doubly derivatized steroids. This approach proved that derivatization with Girard’s reagent P by microwave irradiation led to higher ESI sensitivity of steroids and less time consuming. As the result of derivatized steroids underwent two fragmentation method, CID provides abundant fragment ions which are low m/z, and ETD provides high m/z ions. Besides, sequential fragmentation mechanism of ETD is easy to recognize. Owing to the distinct structure information of ETD expect to improve accuracy, we establish the fragment ions database for steroid identification and quantitative analysis by coupling selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Finally, we expect that rapid and specific analytical method provided here could be a helpful tool for steroids or more biological sample. 2. Rice is an important staple food in world. Aroma is one of the important quality trait and results in high price in the market. In this study, the rice cultivar Tainunr 67 (TNG67) and its aromatic mutant SA0420 derived from sodium azide (NaN3) mutagenesis were used for proteomic and bioinformatic analysis. The proteins of differential expression were identified by proteomic analysis. Beside, the information of differentially expressed protein spots in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was use for bioinformatic analysis. In order to find the key proteins of TNG67 and SA0420, differentially expressed protein spots were integrated and classified by bioinformatic software. As the result of expriment, two traits have increasing aroma in 54, 61, 68, 75 days after transplanting, and the most aroma stage is 68 days after transplanting. There wrer 138 differentially expressed proteins which were obtained by comparison of 2 trait and 4 sampling time. Integral analysis of these differentially expressed proteins was founnd severial enzymes of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase (GSA-AT) which acquired from bioinformatic analysis were related to aroma producton. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase activase (Rubisco activase), significant protein from bioinformatic analysis, was probably related to expreesion of proline, precusor of 2-AP. In addition, some of significant proteins which mechanism of differentially expression in two traits would need more research to confirm, including aspartate aminotransferase and Stromal 70 kDa heat shock-related protein. This study provided significant proteins by picking from information of differentially expressed protein. Further studies will be focused on mechnism of these protein, and to investgate their function and gene expressed analysis.