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1
Hu, Bizhen. "Improved Tomato Grafting Technologies." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480568784958911.
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2
McGinley, Susan. "Temperature Makes the Difference: Improving Tomato Seedling Survival During Transport." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622186.
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3
Fessehazion, Melake Kessete. "Predicting and improving seedling emergence of three vegetable crops." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02092006-130454.
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4
Camu, Isabelle Veronique Marie. "Understanding the mechanism(s) of hydro-priming to improve seed vigour and seedling establishment of Solanum lycopersicum." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33211.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seeds are very complex and diverse plant organs. Seed germination is the most sensitive stage of plant life and is influenced by various environmental signals including phytohormones, salt, light, temperature and water potential. Seeds have an innate mechanism called dormancy that blocks germination, and plants have developed several dormancy-inducing strategies to optimise the timing of germination. Seed germination vigour is an important factor in crop yield. Seedling vigour is defined as the sum of the seed properties which determine the level of activity and performance during germination and seedling emergence. A poor seed lot can be improved by post-harvest treatment such as hydro-priming as it is used in the seed industry, but the biological mechanism is unknown. The aim of this study is to understand the mechanism(s) of hydro-priming in order to improve seed vigour and seed germination. I set seeds at different temperatures to produce variation in seed vigour and it showed that germination of seeds with low vigour can be improved by hydro-priming. Using LC-IT-ToF/MS I characterised compounds that leach from seeds during hydro-priming, and showed that some of these are putative germination inhibitors. Adding these compounds to the water during hydro-priming showed that the inhibitory effect of these compounds is not the main mechanism that regulates germination. Also, transcriptomic analysis showed that genes involved in OPDA pathway are expressed during hydro-priming as well as during endosperm weakening cap associated genes. I concluded that hydro-priming improves the speed of germination of low temperature set and its efficiency is dependent of activation of metabolic activity.
5
Khan, Mohammad Jamal 1960. "Evaluation of sulfur containing amendments for soil crusting, seedling emergence of tomato and DTPA extractable micronutrients." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278206.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of five amendments (H₂SO₄, Al₂(SO₄.18H₂O, FeSO₄.7H₂O, and CaS₅ and CaSO₄.2H₂O) on crust formation, seedling emergence, dry matter yield (DMY) of tomato and soil properties in a sodic soil from the Safford Agricultural Center. When applied in equivalent quantities (600 kg/ha S), sulfuric acid and Al-sulfate proved to be the best anti-crusting agents and gypsum the least. Tomato seedling emergence and DMY increased with addition of H₂SO₄ followed by gypsum. Sulfuric acid was superior in reducing ESP in 0-3 cm depth, while EC was increased with additions of all amendments. In 3-8 cm depth the amendments affected pH, EC and ESP less than at the 0-3 cm depth. DTPA extractable and plants concentrations of Zn, Fe and Mn significantly increased with the addition of various amendments, while Cu was not effected by any amendments.
6
Chia, Po-Lung. "End-of-day Far-red Light Quality and Dose Effects on Elongation of Tomato Rootstock Seedling Hypocotyls." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193454.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Methyl bromide fumigation, a common method used to combat soil borne pathogens in commercial tomato cultivation, was to be limited by the Montreal Protocol due to concerns of ozone depletion. Alternative methods to protect tomatoes against diseases include grafting. However, short grafted transplants may expose the scion to the soil. To avoid scion exposure, hypocotyl elongation of two tomato rootstocks 'Maxifort' and 'Aloha' via end-of-day far-red (EOD-FR) was examined in terms of light quality (red to far-red ratio, or R/FR) and dose (product of far-red intensity and duration). In EOD-FR light quality experiments, 'Aloha' seedlings were exposed to unfiltered and filtered incandescent light with an R/FR of 0.5 and 0.05 respectively. The resulting hypocotyl elongation was higher in filtered light than either the unfiltered light or the untreated control. Hypocotyl elongation response to EOD-FR dose in 'Aloha' and 'Maxifort' was affected by both far-red intensity and treatment duration. A saturating response was also found within a far-red dose between 0–8 mmol•m⁻²•d⁻¹ and modeled using non-linear regression with a three parameter Michaelis-Menten equation to estimate the far-red dose required to obtain near-maximum hypocotyl elongation for 'Aloha' and 'Maxifort'. The far-red dose required was affected by cultivar and experimental period. None of the EOD-FR treatments affected plant mass or stem diameter. To conclude, for maximum hypocotyl elongation using EOD-FR, the lower R/FR would increase the effectiveness of the treatment. The far-red dose should preferably be at 4–8 mmol• m⁻²•d⁻¹.
7
Yacoub, M., L. J. Clark, and J. L. Stroehlein. "Effects of Soil Amendments on Crusting, Seedling Emergence and Yields of Onions, Tomatoes and Peppers." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221239.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Studies were carried out at the Safford Agricultural Center using some soil amendments as anti-crusting agents. The results are promising in terms of improved stands on soils subject to crusting. Additional research is needed in order to determine proper rates which will reduce crusting without being toxic to the emerging seedlings.
8
Parajuli, Suman. "Influence of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Seedling Grafting on Plant Growth, Fruit Yield and Quality, and Disease Tolerance." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31651.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Influence of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedling grafting on the plant growth, fruit yield and quality, and disease tolerance were investigated using 3 cultivars (Big Beef, Celebrity, Cannonball) as scions and two Solanum species (B-blocking, Maxifort) as a rootstock in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The grafted plants were statistically higher in values for stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll, and fruit carotenoid contents. Similarly, the scion/rootstock combination ‘Big Beef/Maxifort’ and ‘Big Beef/B-blocking’ had prolonged days to maturity and gives a higher yield than the non-grafted ‘Big Beef’. Grafting seedling on ‘Maxifort’ and ‘B-blocking’ rootstocks improves the fruit quality like titratable acidity (TA), fruit firmness, but didn’t alter the pH, total soluble solid (TSS), lycopene and TSS/TA. Also, grafted treatment ‘Big Beef/Maxifort’ was found to be a highly disease resistant treatment when compared to the ‘Big Beef’ control with mean relative effect 0.074.
9
Allison, Patricia J. "Biosynthesis of pectic 1,4 #beta#-D-galactan in mung bean (Vigna radiata) and related studies on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322046.
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10
Yacoub, Mohamed Mohamed. "Effects of soil amendments on crusting, seedling emergence and yield of onion, tomatoes and peppers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185461.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effects of sulfur-containing amendments (H₂SO₄,Al₂(SO₄)₃ and gypsum) or crust formation, soil chemical properties, seedling emergence and yields of onions (Allium cepa), tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum) and chili peppers (Capsicum sp.) were studied on a Pima clay loam soil. Treatments were surface applied on a strip above the seeds. The chemicals influenced the penetrometer index, soil-pH, electrical conductivity, DPTA-extractable soil Fe, Cu, Zn, Mu and seedling emergence in two greenhouse experiments. Gypsum and H₂SO₄ increased seedling emergence while Al₂(SO₄)₃ reduced the soil-pH and EC more than H₂SO₄ and gypsum. Based upon penetrometer readings, H₂SO₄ was the best anti-crusting agent tested followed by gypsum and Al₂(SO₄)₃. At the end of the study, all soil samples were very low in KCl extractable Al, showing that Al toxicity was not responsible for seedling damage. Gypsum decreased levels of Mn and Zn but did not affect Fe and Cu. Al₂(SO₄)₃ increased Fe and Zn, decreased Cu but did not affect Mn. H₂SO₄ did not affect extractable Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe levels. In a field study using two water qualities at Safford, gypsum produced the most tomato seedlings whereas Al₂(SO₄)₃ and H₂SO₄ produced the least. Onion stand counts were not affected by the chemicals with either water. Gypsum, H₂SO₄ and Al₂(SO₄)₃ polymer produced the highest pepper stand counts with the saltier water but there were no differences with lower salt water. Tomatoes produced the highest yield with gypsum and lowest with H₂SO₄ and Al₂(SO₄)₃ with saltier water. With lower salt water, gypsum produced highest yield, followed by the H₂SO₄. Both H₂SO₄ treatments produce low yields. Onions showed no treatment response under lower salt water, while with saltier water, gypsum and H₂SO₄ produced the highest yields. Pepper yields were not affected by amendments with the lower salt water. Al₂(SO₄)₃ polymer, H₂SO₄ and gypsum increased yields with the saltier water. Varieties of peppers and tomatoes produced different yields in response to water quality in a supplementary field study.
11
Ibrahim, Abdelaziz Ali Mohamed 1948. "Vegetative, reproductive and yield responses of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) seedlings to low temperature and exogenous sucrose treatments." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278454.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effects of subjection of 15-day-old plants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. 'Contessa') to low night temperature (LNT) of 4°C for up to 21 nights and pre-chilling application of 10% sucrose solution on vegetative, reproductive and yield responses were examined under greenhouse conditions. Chilled seedlings exhibited severe inhibition of growth, with the degree of inhibition increasing with length of chilling. While sucrose treatment (ST) reduced such inhibition and promoted subsequent recovery, it transiently inhibited growth of the unchilled controls. In the long-term, inhibition of growth was observed only for the 0%-sucrose-treated plants cooled for 21 nights. Although LNT lowered the position of the first inflorescence in a direct relation to duration of exposure, this effect was reduced by ST. LNT had no lasting effects on the reproductive and productivity responses of the first two inflorescence (FTI), earliness of flowering, or potential yield and quality. ST promoted flowering of only the 21-day-cooled plants as well as numbers of flowers, fruit set and large fruit responses of FTI. The results indicate that, although early chilling stunts seedling growth, plants may recover at a later favorable temperature without loss to their reproductive capacity or yielding potential.
12
Padda, Kiran Preet. "Impact of GFP-modification of Paenibacillus polymyxa on its ability to enhance growth of corn, canola and tomato seedlings." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a marker gene has facilitated biological research in plant-microbe interactions. However, our knowledge about the effects of introduction of this marker protein in a microbe is very limited. I analyzed the effect of GFP-tagging of a plant growth-promoting bacterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R, on its ability to fix nitrogen and promote growth of important crop species: corn, canola and tomato. To evaluate this, corn, canola and tomato seeds were inoculated with P2b-2R and P2b-2Rgfp and grown for 40 days. Seedlings were harvested 20, 30 and 40 days after inoculation for evaluation of rhizospheric and endophytic colonization (cfu). Biological nitrogen fixation (¹⁵N dilution) and growth response (length and biomass) of P2b-2Rgfp inoculated seedlings was also compared with control and P2b-2R inoculated seedlings. The entire experiment was repeated to confirm the treatment effects. P2b-2Rgfp inoculated seedlings (i) accumulated upto 55% more biomass than non-inoculated controls and 17% more biomass than P2b-2R treated seedlings; (ii) were upto 41% longer than controls and 17% longer than P2b-2R treated seedlings; and (iii) fixed 18% of nitrogen from atmosphere (5% higher than P2b-2R). Canola seedlings inoculated with P2b-2Rgfp (i) had 118% more biomass than controls and 69% more biomass than P2b-2R treated seedlings; (ii) were 69% longer than controls and 37% longer than P2b-2R treated seedlings; and (iii) derived 22% of nitrogen from atmosphere (6% more than P2b-2R). But in case of tomato, P2b-2Rgfp and P2b-2R inoculated seedlings were analogous in terms of growth promotion and nitrogen fixation. Seedlings inoculated with either P2b-2Rgfp or P2b-2R were nearly 40% longer than controls, assimilated nearly 90% more biomass than controls, and fixed nearly 17% of nitrogen from atmosphere. P2b-2Rgfp and P2b-2R strains formed consistent rhizospheric and endophytic populations in corn, canola and tomato roots. To the best of my knowledge, these results represent the first evidence that transformation of a bacterial strain by GFP can significantly enhance its plant growth-promoting efficacy in corn and canola. Since the results of tomato were contrary to corn and canola, it can also be concluded that effect of GFP-tagging of P2b-2R might vary depending on the host plant.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
13
Gharbi, Amel G. "Use of monoclonal-based serodiagnostic assays for detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in infected tomato seeds and seedlings /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779914826314.
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Melo, Aniela Pilar Campos de. "Peliculização de sementes de tomate associada ao paclobutrazol." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5080.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Seed treatment with paclobutrazol should be enhanced and coating technologies, such as film coating can be applied uniformly and promising to fix this regulator in the seed coat without allowing a contact damaging the embryo. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility of the film coating tomato seeds with paclobutrazol on seed physiological potential and the implications on the growth of seedlings. The research was carried out in the Laboratory of the “Setor de Horticultura” and at nursery seedling of “Setor de Manejo Integrado de Pragas” of “Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos” from March to October 2012. Three experiments were conducted. First, to define the best dosage of polymer coating, the treatments were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial, with two cultivars (Santa Clara and Kada Gigante) and four concentrations of polymer Disc AG Red L-203® (0, 50, 100 and 150 mL kg-1 seed). In the second, with the polymer concentration established, the potential adhesive film coating for seed treatment with paclobutrazol was determined through a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, presence or absence of the coating polymer Disc AG Red L-203® (0 and 150 ml kg-1 seed) and four paclobutrazol concentration PBZ (0, 35, 70 and 105 mg L-1). In the third, the tomato seed conditioning with PBZ (50 mg L-1) and coating polymer Disc AG Red L-203® (150 mL kg-1 seed) were evaluated. The film coating promotes negative effects on germination of cultivar Santa Clara. The cultivate Kada Gigante obtained a superior performance to Santa Clara as the emergence of seedlings. The use of hydrophilic polymer (150 ml kg-1 seed) increased 4% seedling emergence compared to control. The PBZ resulted in reductions in 27% germination, 8% seedling emergence, 19% seedling height, 20% leaf area and in increase in the detection of chlorophyll of 24%, compared to control. Imbibition of seeds with PBZ, even with the presence of the polymer coating, harmed the speed of germination and seedling emergence. In conclusion, the effect of film coating on the germination of tomato seeds depends on the cultivar. The seed physiological potential can increased by the use of polymer coating, although it does not occur for the production of seedlings. PBZ is effective in seedling growth control, but affect the germination and seed vigor. The film coating as a vehicle for fixation of paclobutrazol is not indicated due to maintenance of reduced seedling emergence.
O tratamento de sementes com paclobutrazol deve ser aprimorado e tecnologias de recobrimento, como a peliculização, podem ser promissoras para aplicar uniformemente fixar este regulador no tegumento das sementes sem permitir um contato prejudicial ao embrião. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em avaliar a viabilidade técnica da peliculização de sementes de tomate associada ao paclobutrazol sob o comportamento fisiológico de sementes e as implicações no crescimento de mudas. A pesquisa foi conduzida no Laboratório do Setor de Horticultura e em casa de vegetação do Setor de Manejo Integrado de Pragas da Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos, de março a outubro de 2012. Foram conduzidos três experimentos. Primeiramente, os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo duas cultivares (Santa Clara e Kada Gigante) e quatro concentrações do polímero Disco AG Red L-203® (0, 50, 100 e 150 mL kg-1 de semente) para definição da melhor dose de polímero de revestimento. No segundo, com a dose de polímero estabelecida, o potencial adesivo da peliculização para o tratamento de sementes com paclobutrazol foi determinado por meio de um arranjo fatorial 2 x 4, sendo presença ou ausência do polímero de revestimento Disco AG Red L-203® (0 e 150 mL kg-1 semente) e quatro concentrações de paclobutrazol - PBZ (0, 35, 70 e 105 mg L-1). No terceiro, o condicionamento de sementes de tomate com PBZ (50 mg L-1) e polímero de revestimento Disco AG Red L-203® (150 mL kg-1 de semente) foram avaliados. A peliculização prejudicou a germinação de sementes da cultivar Santa Clara. A cultivar Kada Gigante obteve um desempenho superior a Santa Clara quanto à emergência de plântulas. O uso de polímero hidrofílico (150 mL kg-1 de semente) aumentou 4% a emergência de plântulas, em relação ao controle. O PBZ propiciou reduções de 27% na germinação, 8% na emergência de plântulas, 19% na altura de parte aérea, 20% na área foliar e aumento de 24% na detecção de clorofila, em relação ao controle. A embebição de sementes com PBZ, mesmo com a presença do polímero de revestimento, prejudicou a velocidade de germinação e a emergência de plântulas. Conclui-se que o efeito da peliculização na germinação de sementes de tomate depende da cultivar utilizada. O potencial fisiológico pode ser incrementado pelo uso de polímeros de revestimento, sendo que isto não ocorre para a produção de mudas. O PBZ é eficiente no condicionamento da altura de mudas, mas prejudica a germinação e o vigor de sementes. A peliculização como veículo para fixação do PBZ não é indicada devido à manutenção da redução da emergência de plântulas.
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MacLeod, Michael M. "Control of Fusarium crown and root rot on tomato seedlings using synthetic iron chelators and phenolic compounds found in lettuce roots." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21095.pdf.
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Viktor, Aleysia. "Physiological and metabolic factors determining nitrogen use efficiency of tomato seedlings grown with elevated dissolved inorganic carbon and different nitrogen sources." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52999.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine (l) the influence of elevated dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on the nitrogen use efficiencies (NUE) of tomato seedlings grown with different nitrogen sources, (2) how changes in the regulation and activities of nitrate reductase (NR), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc), carbonic anhydrase (CA) and subsequent changes in metabolites would account for observed changes in NUE, and (3) to what extent elevated DIC contributed to the carbon budget of plants grown with different nitrogen sources. Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Fl44 seedlings were grown in hydroponic culture (pH 5.8) with 2 mM of either N03- or NH4 + and the solutions were aerated with either 0 ppm or 5000 ppm CO2 concentrations. The similar NUEs of NH/-fed plants grown with either root-zone CO2 concentration were largely due to their similar RGRs and N uptake rates. Elevated root-zone DIC had an initial stimulatory effect on N~ + uptake rates, but it seems as if this effect of DIC physiological processes was cancelled out by the toxic effect of unassimilated NH/. The NUE for N03--fed plants supplied with 5000 ppm root-zone CO2 was higher relative to 0 ppm root-zone CO2 and it was possibly due to the higher relative growth rates for similar N uptake rates of 5000 ppm compared to 0 ppm root-zone CO2. Nitrate-fed plants grown with 5000 ppm compared to 0 ppm root-zone CO2 had higher in vivo NR and in vitro NR and PEPc activities. These increases in enzymes activities possibly lead to increases in organic acid synthesis, which could have been used for biomass accumulation. This would account for the increased relative growth rates of N03--fed plants grown with 5000 ppm compared to 0 ppm root-zone CO2. The increasing rootzone CO2 concentrations resulted in the Ó15N values of NH/-plants becoming more positive indicating an absence of enzymatic discrimination. This may have been due to the inhibitory effect of DIC on Nll,+ uptake, causing plants to utilise both internal isotopes equally. The Ól3C studies showed that PEPc contributed equally to both N03-- and NH/-fed plants over the long term. From this it can be concluded that the lower NUE of NH/-compared to N03--fed plants grown with 5000 ppm root-zone C02 was due to increased N uptake and exudation of organic compounds into the nutrient solution. Experiments with 813C also showed that at increasing rootzone CO2 concentrations, PEPc made a bigger contribution to the carbon budget via the anaplerotic reaction.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om (1) die invloed van verhoogde opgeloste anorganiese koolstof dioksied (DIC) op die stikstofverbruiksdoeltreffenheid (NUE) van plante wat op verkillende stikstofbronne gekweek is, te bepaal. (2) Veranderinge in die regulering van nitraat reduktase (NR), fosfo-enolpirovaatkarboksilase (PEPc) en karboonsuuranhidrase (CA) is bestudeer en gekorreleer met waargeneemde verskille in NUE. (3) 'n Beraming van die mate waartoe verhoogde DIC bydra tot die koolstofbegroting van plante, gekweek op verskillende stikstofbronne, word bespreek. Lycopersicon esculentum cv. F144 saailinge is in waterkultuur (pH 5.8) met 2 mM N03- of NH/ gekweek en die oplossings is alternatiewelik met 0 ppm of 5000 ppm CO2 belug. Die NUEs van plante gekweek met NH/ en belug met albei C02 konsentrasies was vergelykbaar grootliks as gevolg van hulooreenkomstige relatiewe groeitempo's en Nopname. DIC het aanvanklik NH/ opname gestimuleer, maar enige latere stimulerende effek van DIC op fisiologiese prosesse was klaarblyklik uitgekanselleer deur N~ + toksiteit veroorsaak deur vertraagde assimilasie. Die NUE van plante gekweek met N03- en 5000 ppm CO2 was hoër as dié van plante gekweek met N03- en 0 ppm CO2. Dit is moontlik gekoppel aan hoër relatiewe groeitempo's teenoor onveranderde N opname tempo's. Plante gekweek met N03- en 5000 ppm CO2 het hoër in vivo NR en in vitro NR en PEPc aktiwiteite getoon as plante gekweek met N03- en 0 ppm CO2. Bogenoemde toenames in ensiem aktiwiteite word verbind met biomassa toename deur verhoogde organiese suur sintese. Dit bied 'n moontlike verklaring vir die hoër relatiewe groeitempo's van plante gekweek met N03- en 5000 ppm CO2 teenoor plante gegroei met N03- en 0 ppm CO2. Die 015N waardes van plante gekweek met NH/ en 5000 ppm CO2 was meer positief as dié van plante gekweek met Nl-l,+ en 0 ppm CO2 wat gedui het op die afwesigheid van ensiematiese diskriminasie. Dit kon as gevolg gewees het van die vertragende effek van DIC op Nl-la + opname wat daartoe sou lei dat die plante beide isotope eweveel inkorporeer. Eksperimente met ol3C het getoon dat PEPc oor 'n lang tydperk eweveel begedra het tot die koolstofbegroting van plante gekweek met beide N03- and N~+. Hiervan kan afgelei word dat die laer NUE van plante gekweek met NH4 + en 5000 ppm C02 in vergelyking met dié van plante gekweek met N03- en 5000 ppm CO2 die gevolg was van verhoogde NH/ opname en uitskeiding van aminosure in die voedingsoplossing. Eksperimente met 0"c het ook getoon dat verhoogde DIe konsentrasies die bydrae van PEPc tot die plant se koolstofbegroting laat toeneem.
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Lin, Chiou-Lein, and 林秋蓮. "Effects of Seedling Age on Tomato Growth in Different Crop Seasons." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54951612944056967662.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
園藝學系
84
Three tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were planted in Spring, Summer and Fall 1995 to evaluate seedling growth and early fruit yield in response to age of plug seedling.Increasing seedling age would increase plant height, leaf area, shoot and root dry weight, but smaller root:shoot ratio which may be due to the root-restriction stress in small cell size (25ml/cell). The younger seedlings were better in recovery after transplanting, except 5w transplants in summer which showed slower growth rate. One week after transplanting, mean relative growth rate of 5w transplants in summer was only 84.7 mg/gweek which is significantly less than 7w and 9w transplants of 830.5 and 528.6mg/gweek, respectively. Effects of age on growth in spring were not significant at 3 weeks after transplanting. In summer and fall crops the influence of age continued for 4 weeks after transplanting. Cultivars of ''Known You 301'' and ''Asia Veg. No4.'' had similar growth pattern and showed bigger seedling than ''Red Crown'' before transplanting except the root:shoot ratio as well as the restoration growth of transplants after transplanting.The days to flowering after transplanting mainly affected by cultivars and crop seasons. Transplants of ''Red Crown'' began to flower about 2 days earlier than ''Known You 301'' and ''Asia Veg. No.4'', while transplants in spring crop flowered 14 and 21 days earlier than summer and fall crops, respectively. There were no significant differences among transplant age. The younger transplants had fewer internodes preceding to the first inflorescence. Plants grown in spring showed 5-10 internodes less than plants in summer and fall crops.Croping date and cultivars were the major factors influenced the early and marketabl yields. Summer crop had the least yield. Cultivar ''Red Crown'' produced the greatst early and marketable yield. ''Known You 301'' had higher percentage of large fruits in early yield, although fruits harvested were the least. Both early and marketable yields were unaffected by seedling age at transplanting.
18
WANG, PING-YUAN, and 王品元. "Effect of Abscisic Acid on Healing Physiology of Tomato Grafted Seedling." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fab3vu.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立宜蘭大學
園藝學系碩士班
106
This research aimed to study the effects of foliar application with abscisic acid (ABA) to the tomato grafted seedlings to reduce physiological stress during the healing period. In this test, tomato ‘Yu Nu’ was used as scion and eggplant ‘EG203’ was used as stocks. Grafted seedlings were applied with 0 (control), 500, 1000 and 1500 mg L-1 ABA, respectively, and then placed in the accumulation chamber. Record physiological changes of tomato grafted seedling within 14 days after grafting. The results showed that foliar application with ABA were reducing the tomato grafted seedlings withering immediately and improve the graft survival rate significantly. The structural development of the graft union formation in tomato plants is studied. Longitudinal section diagrams from graft union showing graft gap at the 1st-3rd day after grafting. Longitudinal section of the graft union showing the cell division situation is obvious at the 5th-7th day after grafting. Longitudinal section of the graft union showing that tissue of stock and scion mixed each other, parts of graft union were connected at the 9th-13th day after grafting. The results of scion and rootstock xylem bundles stained with blue flower dye value showed that the grafted seedling of 500 mg L-1 ABA treatment had significantly higher at the 13th day after grafting. The results of functional vascular connections showed that the grafted seedling of 1000 mg L-1 ABA treatment had significantly smaller gap of the sugar content between scion and rootstock at the 13th day after grafting. The content of proline in the control group was significantly higher than treatment group at initial stage after grafting. The results of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase activity showed that control, 500, 1000 mg L-1 ABA treatment reached the highest value at the 7th day after grafting. The results of chlorophyll fluorescence parameter showed that all treatment had obviously lower Fv/Fm at initial stage after grafting. At 9th day, Fv/Fm recovered gradually. The results showed that the foliar application with ABA at appropriate concentrations reduced the tomato grafted seedlings withered ratio, proline content, and improve the graft survival rate significantly. In addition, 500, 1000 mg L-1 ABA treatment had better performance of promote nutrient transport. The results of this research can be improved the quality of grafted seedlings with positive benefits.
19
Yong, Ying, and 楊盈. "Effect of Tomato Biochar Mixed Substrates on Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Seedling Growth and the Control of Tomato Fusarium Wilt." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y83pd8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
園藝學系所
106
Biochar is a carbonized product made from pyrolysis. The raw materials of biochar are mainly agricultural wastes including rice straw and peanut shells. The physical and chemical properties of biochar are characterized by high porosity, electrical conductivity and pH value. In this study, tomato residues were pyrolyzed at 350 oC to produce tomato biochar, the chemical and physical properties of tomato biochar were analyzed, and the suitability of tomato biochar mixed with peat moss as transplant growth substrate or disease-resistant substrate was investigated. Results from physical analysis of tomato biochar indicated that the values of its total porosity, container capacity and bulk density are within the range for an ideal growth substrate, however, the value of its air space is lower than the ideal range. On the other hand, the chemical analysis of tomato biochar revealed that its pH value and electrical conductivity are too high to be a suitable growth substrate. Therefore, tomato biochar was washed twice to lower its pH value and electrical conductivity before being mixed with peat moss. Nutrient analysis of tomato biochar-mixed substrates suggested that N concentration is higher than its ideal range in TBW2-25 and TBW2-50 but are suitable in the rest substrates tested. The concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were all suitable in all substrates tested. Seed germination tests revealed that the germination rates of cabbage and tomato seeds were both over 90 % when exposed to the filtrates of tomato biochar-mixed substrates. These results suggested that there is no growth inhibiting substance present in the tomato biochar-mixed substrates and these substrates can be used for transplant growth. Results from cabbage seedling growth test demonstrated that there is no significant difference of seedling quality index among all substrates tested but the phenotype of cabbage seedling appears to be the best when grown in TBW2-25 suggesting that tomato biochar can replace 25 % peat moss for cabbage transplant growth. Results from tomato seedling growth test indicated that seedlings perform better when grown in TBW2-50 suggesting that tomato biochar can replace 50% peat moss for cabbage transplant growth. Dual cultures on potato dextrose agar(PDA) demonstrated that inhibition rate of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici mycelial growth by Trichoderma longibrachiatum TrL-01 is more than 63 % and between 20-50 % by T. harzianum Ti6 and TN3, respectively. Inoculation tests in peat moss suggested that phenotypes of tomato seedlings are similar between those grown in peat moss (P) and in peat moss plus T. longibrachiatum TrL-01 (PT), however, the seedling quality index is better in PT. Seedling growth was the worst for those grown in peat moss plus F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (PF) but was only slightly worse than those grown in peat moss plus F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and T. longibrachiatum TrL-01 (PFT). Taken together, these results revealed that the seedling growth promoting effect and Fusarium mycelial growth inhibition effect of T. longibrachiatum TrL-01 is somewhat limited. Inoculation tests in the tomato biochar-mixed substrate (TBW2-50) indicated that growth phenotypes of tomato seedlings are better in those grown in TBW2-50 plus T. longibrachiatum TrL-01 (TBW2-50T) than those grown in TBW2-50. Growth phenotypes of tomato seedlings grown in TBW2-50 plus F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (TBW2-50F) were slightly worse than those grown in TBW2-50 or TBW2-50T. Growth phenotypes of tomato seedlings grown in TBW2-50 plus F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and T. longibrachiatum TrL-01 were the worst. Overall, these results revealed that inoculation of T. longibrachiatum TrL-01 in TBW2-50 may promote tomato seedling growth, however, no suppression of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici function can be found. Taken together, tomato biochar after being washed twice may partially replace peat moss as a growth substrate for tomato and cabbage transplant growth, seedling growth promoting effect may be observe in the tomato biochar-mixed substrate (TBW2-50) after inoculation with T. longibrachiatum TrL-01, however, suppression of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici function by T. longibrachiatum TrL-01 was not obvious. The application of tomato biochar as a growth substrate for vegetable transplant production may reduce the amount of peat moss consumption and contribute to agricultural waste reutilization.
20
Hsiao, Way-jone, and 蕭瑋炯. "The Study of Producing Tomato Seedling from Lateral Shoots Using Ebb-and-flow System." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08875908437764163120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
農業機械工程學系研究所
88
Presently, most tomato's seedlings are grown from seeds in the field and their growing time lasts 20 to 25 days. The growing period could be shortened if seedlings are grown from lateral shoots. This technique also benefits for adjusting the harvest time of tomatoes and for replanting new ones on the greenhouse's benches. The purpose of this study focuses on the physiological characteristics of tomato plants growing from the stage of lateral shoots using ebb-and-flow irrigation. The growing enviroment was controlled to explore the relation and influence of lengths of lateral shoot, periods of ebb-and-flow irrigation, and curing operations via this system. The lateral shoots were cut directly from the natural plants of tomato and cultivated by this system. As the lateral shoots continue to grow, we have observed their first flowers and fruits in this experiment. Experiments showed that, among 5, 8 and 11 cm in length of lateral shoots, the longer the lateral shoots, the higher the rooting rates observed. Lengths longer than 8 cm have higher rooting rates and reaches its highest at 11 cm in length. In split tests for irrigating periods and curing operations, the rooting rate of shoots by three different periods of irrigation and two different curing operations of shoots were observed. The periods of ebb-and-flow irrigation have significant effects on rooting rates. The shoots processed by curing operation were also extremely significant on rooting rates. All treatments have best results as the period of irrigation was set at H10/L50. In analysis, the influence between nutrient temperature and rooting time of lateral shoots were studied. The lateral shoots in nutrient at 26 were found 1~3 days earlier in rooting time than at 23 . To attend a rooting rate over 85% via this system, it is recommended that a combination of H10/L50 for irrigation period, length of side shoots longer than 8 cm with curing and set temperatures for nutrients between 23 and 26 be used. The survival rate of lateral shoots treated by this system reaches nearly 100% when they are later planted on the benches in the greenhouse. The average of the first flower of seedlings was about 5 to 6 weeks and the average first harvest was about 7 to 8 weeks. There were no symptom of disease observed.
21
Pung, Guan-Hua, and 彭冠華. "The effect of methyl jasmonate acid on tomato seedling and subsequently on Spodoptera litura." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31296260917038890523.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
103
To protect themselves, plant may response to insect’s damage through two kinds of defensive mechanisms (constitutive and inducible). Inducible defense appear just after plants were attacked by herbivores through the methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) systematic action. Previous studies indicated that application of MeJA on plant leaves or the direct insect damage may cause plant’s production of some defense-related substances, such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and trypsin inhibitor (TI) which may against insect’s attack. Many research have been conducted to evaluate the effects of sparying MeJA on plant leaf on plants and subsequently on insect herbivores; but only limited studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of MeJA on seeds’ germination and the prime effects against insect herbivores. In this study, tomato seeds were soaked in MeJA of different concentrations and different soaking time. Then, the plant’s defensive proteins, tomato’s performance and short- term growth performance of Spodoptera litura were measured. Results showed that PPO increased by treated with MeJA for 1 hour, while treated with MeJA for 1 day could decerase PPO and TI content. High MeJA concentration could decrease tomato seed germination ration and caused bad larval performance, especially in long time treatment. In summary, we found MeJA could decrease larval performance and tomato’s growth performance. Since this experiment was only tested for seedlings in greenhouse, more studies are needed for the practical use of this idea in the field.
22
Chiu, Huei-Lung, and 邱輝龍. "Influence of seedling age on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)cplant growth and early yield." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58106904783112650790.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
園藝學系
82
Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to study the influence of seedling ages (4、6、8 and/or 10 weeks) on growth and early yield of fresh-market tomato. Older seedlings in plug tray (20ml/plug) showed bigger plant size at transplanting in all three cultivars. The root specific activity of seedlings transplanted on November 17, 1993 increased after transplanting, but the root specific activity of 4 week old seedlings transpl- anted on December 2, 1993 were higher than other seedling. Four old seedlings transplanted on November 17, 1993 and December 2, 1993 had the best recovery from transplanting. There was no significanct difference on days to flowering of seedlings transplanted on December 4, 1993 and January 15, 1994 either among cultivars or among seedling ages. The first node of inflorescence(FNI) were not different among cultivars. There was a quardratic response of age upon FNI for seedlings transplanted on December 4, 1993 but the response was linear for seedlings transplanted on January 15, 1994."Known You 202" had the highest early yield for December 4, 1993 transplanting had the highest early yield for January 15, 1994 transplanting. Ten week old se- edlings had the highest early yield for both experiments transpl- anted on December 4, 1993 and on January 15, 1994. The diffreence between three planting seasons were also exam- ized. Seedlings transplanted on September 22, 1993 had the high- est plant height and leaf area. However, seedlings transplanted on November 17, 1993 had the highest number of nodes and leaves. The plant size of seedlings transplanted on December 2, 1993 were significantly smaller than seedlings transplanted in Sep- tember and November .
23
Fessehazion, M. K. (Melake Kessete). "Predicting and improving seedling emergence of three vegetable crops." Diss., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27620.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The predictive values of standard and non-standard germination temperatures, standard accelerated ageing (AA) and saturated salt accelerated ageing (SSAA) tests were investigated. Germination tests were performed at standard and non-standard temperatures of 10°, 20°, 20°/30° and 30°C for cabbage and tomato, and 10°, 15°, 20° and 30°C for onion. The AA and SSAA tests were conducted using four relative humidities: standard AA (RH100), NaCl (RH75), Ca(NO3)2 (RH43) and MgCl2 (RH32). Emergence trials were also conducted at a range of temperatures (winter, 15°/25° and 30°C) and media (Hygromix and soil) using seedling trays. Correlations were calculated to evaluate the relationship between laboratory and emergence test results. Three onion seed lots that have different vigour levels were primed with PEG or NaCl and were germinated and planted under varying temperatures and levels of salinity. There were vigour differences among different seed lots of cabbage, onion and tomato seeds used in this study. Using the different laboratory tests, seed lots were distinguished as high, medium and low vigour seed lots. The low temperature germination test (10°C) for cabbage and onion; and 20°C for tomato were found to be effective for separation of seed lots according to their vigour levels. All SSAA vigour tests were also useful in differentiating seed lots based on their physiological stage of deterioration. Using the standard AA (RH100) the seed moisture content was high (29 to 45%), resulting in fungal growth. However, in the SSAA test the moisture content was below 14% and no fungal growth was observed. Ageing of seed lots using NaCl and MgCl2 resulted in a low narrow range of moisture contents, but using Ca (NO3)2 the range of the moisture content between seed lots was higher. For all crop seeds, there was no significant difference in the percentage emergence between the two growth media but larger seedlings were observed from the commercial growth medium (Hygromix). For cabbage, highly significant correlations were obtained between germination percentage at 10°C and RH32 and all emergence trials. In onion, the correlations were not consistent; highly significant correlations were observed from germination capacity (GC), 15°C, 20°C, 30°C, RH75 and RH32; and emergence parameters at specific conditions. However, the germination percentage from 30°C correlated significantly with the final emergence percentage and seedling vigour index. Germination of tomato seeds at 20°C and all SSAA had highly significant correlation with all emergence parameters. The germination rate parameters: MGT (mean germination time) and GI (germination index) were valuable in categorising seed lots with moderate vigour levels, however, except GE in cabbage and onion, all other germination rate characters failed to correlate with any emergence parameters. The radicle percentage germination (viability or GC) and final emergence percentage (FEP) were not enhanced by priming in all seed lots in the germination and emergence trials at all temperatures. The percentage of normal seedling was increased due to priming when seeds were subjected to low temperature and higher salinity levels. Priming was effective in improving the rate, uniformity of germination/emergence; and increased the seedling dry mass of onion seeds when grown under relatively cold environmental conditions. Priming was more beneficial for low vigour seed lots (seed lot A) than for high vigour seed lots (B, C). Priming also improved germination rate and uniformity at all salinity levels, but faster rate of emergence, more uniform and higher seedling dry mass were only observed when seeds were watered with low salinity levels (25 mM of NaCl). No significant difference was observed using NaCl or PEG as priming agent. Onion seeds are tolerant to salinity during germination and the effect of priming was more beneficial at emergence.Dissertation (MSc (Agric) Horticulture)--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Plant Production and Soil Science
unrestricted
24
Huang, Yu-Mei, and 黃玉梅. "Studies on the plug cell design for improving pan root and growth of tomato and cabbage seedling." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66505239954793729901.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
園藝學系
86
Three tray types, inverse pyramid cell, rounded pyramid cell, and improved round cell, effect of plug type on root growth of tomato and cabbage seedling. Root circling was serious in rounded inverse pyramid cell which cell depths were not deep enough. There is also some root circles on the inverse pyramid cell seedlings. The improved round tray type with six crest lines has root-inducted function, and roots distribution were uniformed. Root area, root dry and fresh weight of tomato seedlings grown in improved round type plug had the largest growth, but inverse pyramid type showed the smallest. Plug type had no significant affect on growth of cabbage seedling. Although root area, root fresh and dry weight were highest on improved round type plug, all of them had not reached significant level. Effect of plug type on growth stage of tomato and cabbage seedling was different. The results indicated on growth of tomato seedlings that stem diameter, leaf area, and shoot dry weight of tomato seedlings were grown in improved round cell and were higher than those of in inverse pyramid cell. However, there were no significant different between rounded pyramid and improved round cell seedlings in above these characteristics. In cabbage seedling, significant differences were found on stem length, leaf number, and leaf area of cabbage seedling, but not on stem diameter, shoot fresh and dry weight. In inverse pyramid cell seedlings, the stem diameter was the thinnest, but the stem length was the longest and seemed to have over growth. Leaf number and leaf area were largest in improved round cell seedlings. Yield of tomato and cabbage seedlings were highest on improved round plug after they were transplanted and no significant results were found between rounded and inverse pyramid type plug.Changes cell design in inverse pyramid and rounded pyramid plug would improve roots growing in circles of tomato and cabbage seedling. Inverse pyramid cell was treated with a series of narrow vertical openings in the sidewall (T-A-4), root tips of seedling growing to the opening sites, and reaching on the edge of the cell sidewall puncture. So this treatment has root-inducted function. In addition, partial of root tips dried up, stopped growth and stimulated root branch. De-bottom cell treatment (T-O), owing to directly contact with the air, automatically stopped root tips growth as the root grew to the cell bottom. So root pruning effect can improve root growth not only avoided pan root but also promoted growth of branch root. Although rounded pyramid cell seedlings will more give pan root than inverse pyramid cell seedlings did, this deficit was improved after the plug cell structure was changed, especially in cell sidewall treated with a series of narrow vertical openings of the plug (R-A-3) to avoid the root circles. Meanwhile, the U form bottom (R-U) also reduced the possibility of root circling, but forming a U form browning root vestige at the plug cell bottom. The root tips number of 4-week-old tomato seedlings grown in inverse pyramid cell with T-A-4 treatment and de-bottom increased 218%, 210% respectively, than in control plug. The rounded pyramid cell with R-A-3 treatment increased 157%, than in control plug. At the same time, the root tips number of cabbage seedlings grown in all designed cell trays were also significantly more than that in control plug. At 5 to 7-week-old tomato and cabbage seedlings, the root area, root fresh and dry weight were significant higher than those in control plug. Thus, the root growth of tomato and cabbage seedlings grown in inverse pyramid cell tray with T-A-4 treatment was the highest. However, Rounded pyramid cell with R-A-3 treatment was the highest. On the other hand, plug cell structure treatment also increased the growth index of the tomato and cabbage seedlings. The inverse pyramid cell with T- A-4 treatment showed was the highest harvest index, and control was the lowest. Wereas, the rounded pyramid cell with R-A-3 showed the best harvest index and the seedling quality.Owing to root pruning and root induction affect during the seedling stage, root tip number of tomato and cabbage seedlings 10 days after transplanting were highest in de-bottom cell, the next highest in T-A-4 treatment and the lowest in control set in the inverse pyramid cell tray. The seedling growth of R-A-3 treatment after transplanting was higher than that of control set in the rounded pyramid cell tray. The initial flowering point of tomato was earlier two to five days than the control. Early stage of tomato yield was also increased significantly. The cabbage seedling grown in all designed cell trays had the highest head yield than control.
25
Chu, Yung-Chu, and 朱詠筑. "Effect of temperature and light quality on seedling growth of cherry tomato and eggplant suitable for grafting." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cu94f2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
106
Cherry tomato is an important economic crop in Taiwan and is often grafted onto eggplant to resist soil-borne diseases bacterial wilt and abiotic stress like such as water stress. In the vegetable seedling grafting industry, manual grafting is most commonly used. The aging of farmers resulted in the shortage of labors day by day. In order to solve the problem, grafting machines was developed to replace hand-labor. In this research, we planted tomato and eggplant seedlings at different temperature (20, 25, 30℃) and under different light quality conditions. The leaf morphological characteristics, relative chlorophyll content, total soluble carbohydrate, starch, chlorophyll fluorescence, transpiration, and photosynthesis were investigated for each temperature and light quality. Three grafting method including EMP-300 grafting machine, grafting auxiliary equipment and manual grafting were used to graft tomato scions ‘Rosada’ onto eggplant rootstocks ‘EG203’. The test result was observed in the treatment when stem diameter was 2 mm or larger and hypocotyl length was 3.4 mm or larger for tomato seedlings and eggplant seedlings at 25℃. Subsequently, we set the temperature at 25℃ with different light treatment such as T5 lamp, T5 lamp plus red LED, T5 lamp plus blue LED, T5 lamp plus far-red LED, and glasshouse condition served as a control. Except for the control and T5 lamp plus far-red LED, the other treatments were all suitable for grafting, the stem diameter and hypocotyl length of seedlings all grew used. Nursing tomato and eggplant seedlings at 25℃ with T5 lamp, T5 lamp plus red LED, and T5 lamp plus blue LED, can get not only vigorous seedlings but also good grafting survival rate. Most of all, the grafting efficiency was greatly improved.
26
Nzanza, Bombiti. "Seedling quality, plant growth and fruit yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in response to Trichoderma harzianum and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27737.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Existing evidence suggested that nursery inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could reduce deleterious effects of biotic and abiotic stresses and improve seedling quality, fruit yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). However, studies of their combined inoculation on seedling growth, fruit yield and quality of tomato plants are not well-documented. Experiments were carried out to investigate the combined effect of T. harzianum and AMF on tomato crop performance under various conditions. When combined with a T. harzianum and AMF mixture, seaweed extract from Ecklonia maxiama inhibited AMF root colonisation of tomato seedlings. Treating seedlings with a mixture of T. harzianum and AMF reduced the incidence of Verticillium wilt in tomato grown in a nethouse at early season, with negligible effect on fruit yield. Further investigations were initiated to find out whether T. harzianum and AMF were efficient when applied as a mixture or alone, at different inoculation times. Co-inoculation with T. harzianum and AMF (Glomus mosseae) improved seedling growth and development, except when both fungi were simultaneously applied two weeks after sowing. When the seedlings were allowed to grow up until full harvest in a greenhouse, both fungal inoculants increased total yield and marketable yield, but these increases were not significant. Furthermore, inoculation with AMF increased the percentage of extra-large fruit. Field experiments conducted under commercial tomato production confirmed greenhouse studies. Inoculation of tomato with T. harzianum and AMF, either alone or in combination increased early fruit yield (four first harvesting weeks). Throughout the studies, percentage AMF root colonisation in seedlings and plants remained low, despite nursery inoculation. Field experiments investigated the effects of AMF-inoculated transplants combined with biochar-amended soils on AMF root colonisation and their resultant effects on overall crop performance and microbial community structure. Biochar had no effect on AMF root colonisation, and also when combined with AMF, it had no influence on tomato productivity. Interestingly, biochar altered the fungal community while AMF might have influenced the bacterial community such as plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria, which are associated with improved plant growth, nutrient uptake and disease control in the rhizosphere. These benefits could contribute to improved yield and fruit quality. In conclusion, although the results were variable, there was a clear indication that T. harzianum and AMF can play an important role in tomato production.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Plant Production and Soil Science
unrestricted
27
Yang, Chia-Yen, and 楊佳晏. "Effect of Rice Straw as Alternative Subtrates on Plug Seedling of Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L. var. Capitata) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51610019908213912173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
園藝學系所
105
In this study, rice straw was used as a growth substrate to partially replace peat moss for vegetable transplants cultivation. The reutilization of rice straw not only reduces agricultural residues but diminishes the reliance of vegetable growers on peat moss. First of all, shredded rice straw was mixed with a commercial growing medium (peat moss) in different proportions (0%, 5%, 25%, and 50%, by volume). Chemical analysis of the shredded rice staw indicated that it is a weak base, and the electrical conductivity of the shredded rice straw is lower than peat moss. The application of the shredded rice straw in growth substrate increased the total porosity of the substrate. There was no significant difference in seed germination rate between filtrates of rice straw containing substrates and peat moss, suggesting that rice straw had no inhibitory effect on seed germination. Analysis of cabbage seedling growth revealed that substrate containing 5% rice straw produced transplants with similar seedling index and absolute growth rate relative to the control, and similar results were observed in the substrate containing 25% rice straw for tomato transplant production. These results showed that rice straw may replace 5% peat moss as a cabbage transplant growing medium, while 25% peat moss may be replaced by rice straw as the tomato transplant growing medium. Secondly, rice straw was prepared into two different ideal particle sizes to be mixed with peat moss as growth substrate for cabbage and tomato transplant production. Our results indicated that the physical properties of the mixed growth substrate is suitable for seedling growth. In this case, rice straw with ideal particle size was mixed with a commercial growing medium (peat moss) in different proportions (0%, 5%, 15%, and 25%, by volume). Analysis of cabbage and tomato seedling growth revealed that substrate containing 15% rice straw with ideal particle sizes produced transplants with similar seedling index and absolute growth rate relative to those of the control. These results showed that rice straw with ideal particle size may replace peat moss up to 15% as a vegetable transplant growing medium. Thirdly, rice straw was turned into biochar and then mixed with a commercial growing medium (peat moss) in different proportions (0%, 5%, 25%, and 50%, by volume). Chemical analysis of rice staw biochar indicated that it is a weak base. Interestingly, analysis of physical properties of the rice straw biochar containing substrates revealed that they were similar to those of peat moss. No significant difference in seed germination rate was noticed between treatments with filtrates of various rice straw biochar containing substrates and that of peat moss, suggesting that rice straw biochar had no inhibitory effect on seed germination. Analysis of cabbage or tomato seedling growth revealed that substrate containing 25% or 50% rice straw biochar produced transplants with similar seedling index and absolute growth rate relative to the control, respectively. These results suggested that rice straw biochar may replace 25% or 50% peat moss as a cabbage or tomato transplant growing medium, respectively.
28
Chu, Yi-Fen, and 朱宜芬. "Application of biochar as a growing substrate for cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) seedling growth." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40436713448068188468.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
園藝學系所
103
Biochar is produced through a process called pyrolysis and is often made from agricultural wastes burned under limited oxygen conditions. The stable and carbon-rich solid material thus generated is known as biochar. This study investigated the potential of using Cryptomeria japonica biochar (CJB) and wood biochar (WB) mixed with peat moss (P) as growing substrates for cabbage and tomato transplant growth. Results from the physical-chemical analyses of these substrate materials indicated that CJB and WB are alkaline, the electrical conductivity (EC) levels of CJB and WB were lower than that of P. Nutrient contents of biochars were lower than peat moss, with the CJB being the lowest. Results from the particle size analysis indicated that P contains more fine-sized particles, but the biochar (CJB and WB) contain more coarse-sized particles. To investigate whether biochar contains any plant growth inhibitory substance, seed germination tests were conducted by using biochars as germination substrates. Our results indicated that germination rates of cabbage and tomato in the P, CJB, and WB treatments were all above 85%, suggesting that biochars (CJB and WB) do not contain any significant plant growth inhibitor and can be used as transplant growing media. Results from the cabbage seedling growth analysis indicated that the seedling index and absolute growth rate obtained from the CJB or WB mixed with P treatments were not significantly different from P, suggesting that CJB or WB could replace 50% peat moss as a growing medium of cabbage seedlings. In tomato, the best seedling growth was observed in the CJB25 treatment, and the seedling growth in the CJB5 and CJB50 treatments were not significantly different from that in P. The seedling index and absolute growth rate of WB-related treatments were not significantly different from those of P. These results further surpported that CJB or WB could replace at least 50% peat moss as a seedling growth medium, with 25% CJB replacement (CJB25) being the best. Because nutrient contents of CJB were relatively lower than that of P, nutrient solutions were applied once a day, once every three days, or once every five days to determine the best nutrient management strategy for CJB mixed with peat moss substrates. When the mixing ratio of CJB was no more than 50%, once every five days of Hoagland nutrient solution application was found to be suitable for cabbage seedling growth. On the other hand, when the mixing ratio of CJB was 75%, nutrient solution should be applied once every three days to maintain the comparable seedling growth. When the tomato seedlings were treated with Yamasaki''s tomato nutrient solution, once every five days of nutrient solution application was enough to maintain a good seedling growth in substrates mixed with no more than 50% of CJB. However, under these conditions, the tomato seedlings showed slightly poor quality, but had less leggy phenomenon compared to those supplied with nutrient solution once every three days. Similarly, when the mixing ratio of CJB was 75%, once every three days of nutrient supply was more appropriate. Results from chemical analysis of fast treated tomato residue (TF), CJB, and P indicated that the electrical conductivity (EC) level of TF was higher than that of P. Nutrient contents of TF were higher than peat moss and biochars. The germination rate of cabbage and tomato in TF was 23.33% and 0%, respectively. Results from growth analyses of TF, CJB, and P mixed media treated cabbage and tomato seedlings showed that PBT1 is more suitable for cabbage and tomato seedling growth, followed by PBT2, and PBT3 is less suitable. Due to the high content of phenols and soluble salts in TF, TF alone was not a suitable plant growing medium. Taken together, our results suggested that CJB or WB can partially replace peat moss as a growing medium for cabbage or tomato seedlings, however, due to its low level of nutrient contents and high pH value, it can not completely replace peat moss. Nonetheless, it can at least reduce the amount of peat moss used in vegetable transplant growth and therefore improve utilization of agricultural wastes.
29
Truong, Ha Duy, and 何維長. "Effects of vermicompost application on the growth of organic seedling and organic production of two tomato varieties (small honey and graces)." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67186410868927345830.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
博士國立屏東科技大學
熱帶農業暨國際合作系
104
This study was carried out for two consecutive years (2012-2014) at National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan. The aim of the present study is to assess application technology of vermicompost in organic cultivation of two tomato varieties. The study consists of four experiments being conducted under greenhouse conditions. In the first experiment (1), two tomato varieties seedlings were grown in different medium compositions to evaluate quality and growth of these tomato varieties. For the second experiment (2), two tomato varieties seedling were grown on different vermicompost rates then investigated quality and growth of tomato. For the third experiment (3), two tomato varieties grown on different vermicompost rates, subsequently growth and productivity were investigated. Besides, this experiment also evaluated residual effect of vemicompost on the second crop throughout assessment growth and productivity of two tomato varieties. For the fourth experiment (4), two tomato varieties were grown on reused medium from second season with adding 1.0 kg of vemicompost (equivalent to rate of 1: 8), then growth, productivity and fruit quality were evaluated. The results showed that, for the first experiment (1), using of VC enhanced the morphological growth (plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, fresh and dry shoot weigh), the N, P, K concentration in plant. However, using VC induced reducing germination rate of tomato seeds. This result was due to that VC made higher EC, pH value and bulk density. On the contrary, using cattle manure compost (T3) decreased EC, pH value, bulk density so that it helped increased germination rate. In the second experiment (2), the electrical conductivity (EC) value and macronutrient concentration had the positive correlation with proportion of vermicompost (VC), whereas water holding capacity (WHC), aeration porosity, and micronutrient concentration showed negatively. The treatment using mixture of VC with rice husk ash (RHS) and coconut fiber (CF) at the rate of 1:1:1 had the highest germination rates with a range of 98.0-100% for tomato varieties and higher than the control by 16.7% and 19.9% for V1 and V2, respectively. Moreover, both the productivity of biomass and the nutrient concentration in mixture were higher compared to other treatments. The shoot dry weight in both V1 and V2 were higher than that of the control over 60% with values of 2.03 and 2.10 g/plant, respectively. This finding showed that VC had a significant influence on the growth and nutrient uptake of tomato plants at seedling stage; especially VC when combined with RHS and CF at the rate of 1:1:1 proved optimum conditions for seedlings performance of tomato varieties. For the third experiment (3), in the first and second seasons, growth and yield of tomato were also influenced by different VC rates and reused VC. Obviously, increasing VC proportion led to the augmentation of EC, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in planting media in both seasons. However, in the first season the nutrient absorbent ability of tomato were remarkably higher compared to those in the second season due to higher available nutrient in the media of the first season. This may influence the shoot dry weight as well as the yield of tomato in both seasons. In T4 treatment, the yield attained the highest value in the first season for both varieties with the values of 562.3 and 812.4 g/plant for V1 and V2, respectively. In the second season the N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in media significantly decreased compared to those in the first season (496.4 g/plant-V1 and 508.3 g/plant-V2). In comparison, the yields in the first season were higher those in second season by 13.2% and 59.8% for V1 and V2, respectively. However, in the second season, the maximum yield found in T5 (508.3 g/plant-V1 and 682.2 g/plant-V2) and declining by 10.6 and 19.1% compared to those in the first season for V1 and V2, respectively. This can be explained that amounts of nutrients from the media in the first season had supported the growth and development of tomato resulting deficiency of nutrients in the media for the second season. In the fourth experiment (4), pH, EC, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg available in media were increased with addition of 1.0 kg VC. The EC values were higher by 2.03-3.7 % compared to those in the first season of third experiment after 15 days of transplanting stage. Similarly, K contents were increased from 2.4 to 3.1 %. This finding revealed that the addition of 1.0 kg VC significantly improved the physic-chemical media properties, increasing the EC and also increasing the macronutrients in the media resulting substantial increased the yield and quality of tomato fruits. It is concluded that EC of VC was the key factor for the positive increase of the productivity and quality of tomato and the salinity (EC at 3.52 dS/m) caused restriction of water to fruits that resulting increase of the total soluble solids in tomato fruit and without effect yield reduction.
30
Wu, Shin-Hao, and 吳心浩. "Growth and Development of Tomato Plug Seedlings." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21355071665838112181.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
園藝學系
87
Experiments were conducted to study the growth and yields of tomato plug seedlings raised at different altitudes and of different ages. Tomato variety Sheng-Neu and Known-You 301 were used as plant materials in this study. Results indicated that seedlings raised at lowland (180m elevation) had significantly higher total above ground biomass than those raised at highland (1,700m elevation). Consistently, the dry weight of tomato plug seedling increased as seedling age increased. However, the dry weight increment at seedling age from 6 to 8 weeks was much less than the increment from 4 to 6 weeks, which may possibly indicate that the growth of tomato seedlings in 128-cell plug trays was inhibited after the seedlings age of 6 weeks. Among the four different evaluation methods, the parameters of shoot dry weight to root dry weight ratio or stem diameter to plant height ratio were found to be two good ways to evaluate the seedling growth vigor. Seedlings raised at highland had slower growth and were smaller in size than those raised at low land. However, these plants had more vigorous growth and could catch up or even surpass the growth of seedlings from low land after being transplanted for 20 days to 25 days. Seedlings of 8 weeks old usually bare the first inflorescence at higher node position and flowered after longer vegetative growth period than seedlings of 4 or 6 weeks old. Seedlings of both varieties if transplanted at 4 weeks old had the highest final yield. Yet, the effect of seedling age on early yield was found significant on Known-You 301 variety only. As compared to the seedlings raised at low land, plug seedlings from highland bare the first inflorescence at 2.9 to 6.0 nodes lower position, flowered at 6.3 to 13.7 days earlier, and had 285 to 1,217g increase in the early fruit yield. Therefore, to grow fall season tomato crops in Taiwan, it is suggestible that the growers raise the plug seedlings at highland until 4 to 6 weeks old than transplant them into low land field so as to increase early yield and obtain higher profits.
31
Collins, Daniel. "A HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Study of Hydroxybenzoic Acids and Related Derivatives in Commercial Seaweed Biostimulants and their Plant Growth Bioactivity." Thesis, 2022. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/44693/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rapidly growing world population, increasing severity of climate change, and constantly evolving environmental pressures have drawn into question whether current agricultural practices can meet the growing food demands healthily, equitably and sustainably. This has resulted in the rising popularity of natural biostimulants, particularly seaweed extracts, to increase crop productivity in an eco-friendly and safe manner. To better understand the complex modes of action underpinning the well-reported benefits of seaweed biostimulants to crops, their phytochemical composition requires further characterisation. Hydroxybenzoic acids, a subclass of phenolic acids, are an important class of phytochemicals and the aim of this study was to characterise their profile in commercial seaweed biostimulants. This work used modern analytical technologies to investigate salicylic acid and other benzoic acid derivatives in a commercial seaweed biostimulant, and then assessed the biological activity of the monohydroxybenzoic acids using plant growth assays.
Qualitative HPLC-ESI-MS/MS methods were developed for the analysis of hydroxybenzoic acids and related derivatives. The various benzoic acid derivatives investigated include monohydroxybenzoic acids, dihydroxybenzoic acids, trihydroxybenzoic acids, methoxylated hydroxybenzoic acids, methoxylated benzoic acids, and an amino substituted benzoic acid. The HPLC-ESI-MS/MS methods for the analysis of the various derivatives were then employed to investigate the presence of these compounds in the commercial seaweed biostimulant. The compounds found to be present were the monohydroxybenzoic acids, 2,3- and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, and anthranilic acid.
A HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the analysis of the monohydroxybenzoic acids was optimised and partially validated for the quantification of salicylic acid and its isomers in a commercial seaweed biostimulant. Sample preparation employed acidified acetonitrile partitioning of the seaweed biostimulant before mixed-mode solid-phase extraction. The three isomers were successfully separated using a reversed-phase biphenyl stationary phase with a methanol/water mobile phase acidified with formic acid. The MS/MS detection employed the characteristic MRM transition of m/z 137 93 of the monohydroxybenzoic acids. The concentrations of 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in a commercial seaweed biostimulant were found to be 137, 3409, and 1748 μg/L, respectively.
Tomato seedling plant growth bioassays were conducted to investigate the biological effects of salicylic acid and its isomers on plant growth. Fresh and dry root and shoot weight data along with longest root length data were assessed to evaluate the biological effects of the various treatments on tomato seedling growth. It was found that a significant increase in root growth was observed when the commercial seaweed biostimulant was fortified with a combination of the three monohydroxybenzoic acids, using dosages that correlate to the concentrations determined in the seaweed biostimulant in this study.
32
Chi, Chia Hui, and 紀佳慧. "Effects of Light Quality on Seedlings Growth and Development in Tomato." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11351624562002607056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
園藝學系
92
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of light quality（660 nm red light, 435 nm blue light, red light + blue light, 400~700 nm cool white fluorescent lamp,）on the growth and development of tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）seedlings. Results indicated that light quality had significant effects on growth and development of tomato seedlings. Plants treated with red light or fluorescent lamp had significant increase in leaf area and in dry and fresh weight of the shoots and the roots. The plants in red light treatment had longer internodes and the highest plant height and became seriously stretched, whereas those in blue light treatment were more compact of shorter internodes length. Characteristics of plants in red light + blue light treatment displayed between those in red light and blue light. While fluorescent lamp treatment increased the stem diameter. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents of plants grown in blue light were higher than those grown in red light. The photosynthesis rates of plants grown in all treatments were increased with time of day and were descended after 15:00 pm, especially those grown in red light. Stomatal conductance was the highest when seedlings exposed to red light + blue light but was the lowest under fluorescent lamp. However the rubisco activity was the highest under red light and was the lowest under blue light. Plants treated with red light had the highest soluble sugar content and followed by fluorescent lamp, red light + blue light and blue light, respectively. However, seedlings grown under fluorescent lamp produced the highest starch content that was 9.3 ％ at dry weight base. After treated for 5 weeks, leaf palisade mesophyll tissues arranged closely together under the fluorescent lamp and red light + blue light, intermediate under the blue light, and under the red light. Stem cross-sections of first internodes of tomato plants area of xylem was thickest in red light-grown plants, intermediate in red light + blue light-grown plants, and thinnest in the blue light or fluorescent lamp-grown plants. However, Cortex was the thickest in plants grown under the blue light and significantly thinnest in plants grown under the red light. Flowered the earliest at 50.1 days after sowing, which was red light, fluorescent lamp and days earlier than that of plant in red light + blue light and blue light respectively.
33
Huang, Jing-Yueh, and 黃景岳. "Cold Water Treatment Promotes Ethylene Production and Dwarfing in Tomato Seedlings." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84343545425689138231.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
植物學系
89
Tomato seedlings treated with cold water (5°C) once a day, starting 14 days after sowing, were only 80% that of the controlled (25°C) plant height after 21 days. The dwarfing effect was most conspicuous on the first internode length. The hypocotyl diameter, fresh and dry weight of shoot was not significantly affected. 5°C water treatment effectively induced ethylene production with a peak duration 60-90 minutes after the cold water shower. Shoot segments excised above the first node have highest rate of ethylene production. A single treatment of 5°C water on Day 21 results in an ethylene production rate of 19.6 nl/g F.W./hr, compared to 3.4 nl/g F.W./hr for 25°C control seedlings (an increase of 5.8 times). Fourteen-day-old seedlings receiving 2 weeks of 5°C cold water treatment is equivalent to pre-treatment with 3 ppm of ethephon (2-chlorophosphonic acid); and 1 nl/L 1-methyl-cyclopropene (1-MCP) pre-treatment is sufficient to block the ethylene action induced by 5°C cold water treatment. There were no distinct differences in hypocotyl diameter and endogenous ethylene production rate among those treatments. It is inferred that cold water treatment-induced dwarfism of tomato seedlings is mediated through ethylene action.
34
Clark, Miranda Marshall. "Biological control methods for damping-off of tomato seedlings caused by Pythium myriotylum." 2006. http://etd.utk.edu/2006/ClarkMiranda.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
35
LI, SHAO-YANG, and 李少楊. "The Development of Automated Grafting System Takes Grafted Tomato Seedlings as an Example." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sjtu65.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士南榮科技大學
工程科技研究所碩士班
107
The aim of this research is to develop a completely automatic tomato seedling grafting machine, which requires merely one operator. The operator only needs to replace seedling supply and grafted seedling trays, and supplement the adhesive tape of triangular clamps;the other following nine steps are completely automated: clamping the scion seedlings and rootstock seedlings from the seedling supply trays, fixing the seedlings, arranging the seedlings, judging the chopping position of the scion seedlings, chopping the roots of scion seedlings in advance, chopping the branches and leaves of rootstock seedlings in advance, chopping the scion seedlings and rootstock seedlings in parallel, grafting the scion seedlings and rootstock seedlings, and transporting the grafted finished products to the grafted seedling trays. The proposed tomato seedling automatic grafting system is composed of four major blocks: scion seedling feeding area, rootstock seedling feeding area, seedling chopping and grafting area, and grafted seedling sprouting area. A programmable logic controller is integrated with the proposed machine to realize automatic control of the whole system. This is done so various mechanisms can be coordinated, thus, achieving high automation. This study is based on the concept of multitasking in today’s industries. After the grafting machines are completely automated, the operator can work on multiple systems simultaneously to achieve efficient production. Under normal operating conditions, the operator only needs to replace three groups of seedling trays manually;each cycle requires approximately three minutes. Further, 20 groups of systems can be operated simultaneously in one hour, and the grafting efficiency can reach 24,000 seedlings per hour. By introducing automated systems to the agricultural technology industry, automatic control is expected to increase one-person multitask production capacity for grafted products. The seedling arranging and chopping mechanism of the proposed grafting system realizes the completely automated functions of judging the height of seedlings and accurately chopping seedlings. The core of this system is a grating system composed of optical fiber sensors. The proposed system can also be applied for the grafting of other crops. Further, it improves productivity and reduces manpower. Key words: Automation, grafting machine, grafting system, programmable logic controller, optical fiber sensor
36
Snyman, Marisha. "Salicylic acid-mediated potentiation of Hsp70 in tomato seedlings is modulated by heat shock factors." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6172.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ph.D.In plants, salicylic acid (SA) is a signaling molecule that regulates disease resistance responses such as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and the hypersensitive response (HR), and has been implicated in both basal and acquired thermotolerance. It has also been shown that SA enhances heat-induced Hsp/Hsc70 accumulation in plants. In this study, temperature studies revealed that heat shock (HS) at 40 °C for 30 min significantly induced Hsp/Hsc70 accumulation in 3-week old tomato (UC82B) seedlings. Time- and dose-responsive studies showed that 0.1 mM SA for 17 hrs was unable to induce Hsp/Hsc70 but in combination with HS significantly (P > 0.001) potentiated this response. To investigate the mechanism of SA-mediated, heat-induced Hsp/Hsc70 potentiation, tomato seedlings were treated with either SA alone, HS or both, before analyses of hsp70 mRNA, Hsf DNA-binding and gene expression of hsp70, hsfAl, hsfA2 and hsfEll. SA alone established Hsf DNA-binding, but was not accompanied by increased Hsp70 accumulation or expression of hsp70 mRNA. SA had no significant effect on hsfA2 and hsf81 gene expression, but increased the basal levels of hsfAl. In heat-shocked plants, Hsf DNA-binding was enhanced, and increased hsfAl, hsfA2 and hsfB1 expression preceded accumulation of Hsp70. The combined treatment of SA and HS resulted in potentiated Hsf DNA-binding, enhanced expression of hsp70, hsfAl, hsfA2 and hsfB1, leading to potentiated levels of Hsp/Hsc70. Since increased hsp70 and hsf gene expression coincided with increased levels of Hsp70 accumulation, it is likely that the SA-mediated potentiation of Hsp70 is due to the ability of SA to regulate Hsfs during HS. This study therefore proposes a mechanism for the potentiation of Hsp70 by SA in the presence of heat, which might contribute to our understanding of the role SA plays in the heat shock response and thermotolerance.
37
Srinivas, A. "Genetic and physiological regulation of phototropic response during de-etiolation in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) seedlings." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/797.
Повний текст джерела
38
Sun, Yung-Wei, and 孫永偉. "Studies on the mechanisms of reduction of stem elongation by cold water irrigation in tomato seedlings." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65963422733066146878.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
博士國立中興大學
園藝學系
92
The purposes of this study were to establish the cold-water irrigation system for plug-seedlings production, and to reveal the possible mechanisms by which cold-water mediated the reduction of stem elongation in tomato seedlings. The shortest seedlings were found in the seedlings irrigated with the lowest or highest water temperature. However, highest stem strength and seedling index were only found in the seedling irrigated with the 5℃ water. Decrease in the length of first internode was primarily responsible for the shortening seedling by cold-water irrigation. Irrigation of cold water in the morning (8:00) or evening (16:00) showed the best results in shortening seedling. After the cold water irrigation, the soil temperature drop to minimum within 60 to 90 sec, and recovered to the room temperature after 60 min. Longer period of cold-water irrigation and lower the cold-water temperature resulted in shorter seedlings. Significant reduction in the plant height and increases in the seedling index and chlorophyll contents were found in the seedlings irrigated with cold water. Among five major groups of plant hormones, only GAs and ethylene could promote or inhibit the stem elongation of tomato seedlings, respectively. Increase in the seedling index and chlorophyll contents by cold-water irrigation was inhibited by GAs application. Stem elongation induced by room-water irrigation was inhibited by ethylene application, but seedling index and chlorophyll contents were decreased. Furthermore, the PP333 and STS were applied to abolish the actions of GAs and ethylene, respectively. The results indicated that the PP333 could mimic the actions of cold-water on tomato seedlings for reduction of stem elongation, and increases in the seedling index and chlorophyll contents, but STS was fail to abolish the action of cold-water. The results indicated that the significant decrease in the cell length of first internode was found in the tomato seedlings irrigated with cold water (5℃), and there were no changes in the cell numbers and cell width. Both pp333 (10 ppm) and ethephon (53 ppm) applications can cause the reduction of stem elongation of tomato seedlings at room temperature. The cellular morphological chacters, such as cell length, the ratio of cell length to width, stomata density, and compact palisade tissue in PP333-trteaded seedlings were similar to those in cold-water irrigated seedlings, but different from those in the ethephon-treated seedlings. Increases in cell length, the ratio of cell length to width, stomata density, and compact palisade tissue were found in the 5℃+GA-treated, 25℃+PP333+GA-treated, and cold-water irrigated seedlings, but not in the 5℃+STS-treated seedlings. The expressions of 3β-hydroxylase and 20-oxidase genes were higher in the cold-water irrigated seedlings than in the room-temperature irrigated seedlings, but declined after addition of GAs. Both PP333 and ethephon application could cause reduction of stem elongation in tomato seedlings, but had the different patterns in induction of the expressions of 3-hydroxylase and 20-oxidase genes. The results of effects of STS (silver thiosulphate) on the expression of 3β-hydroxylase, 20-oxidase, ACC synthase, and ACC oxidase genes implied that there were no differences in the ethylene metabolism between cold-water irrigated and room-temperature irrigated seedlings. The reduction of stem elongation was found in the Nr, Pearson, VFN8, and Money maker, but not in the epi and gib-3 after 3-weeks of cold-water irrigation, i.e. the inhibition of stem elongation caused by cold-water was not shown in the situations of ethylene over-expression (epi) and GA shortage (gib-3). Except gib-3, decreases in the cell length were found in all other varieties (lines). Increases in the expression of 3β-hydroxylase and 20-oxidase genes were found in all varieties (lines) after cold-water irrigation, but not the expressions of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase genes. In responding to the increasing doses of GA, increases in plant height, and decreases in the transcripts of 3β-hydroxylase and 20-oxidase genes were found in gib-3, but there were no differences in the transcripts of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase genes. In conclusion, cold-water irrigation system for the production of plug-grown seedlings could be useful in the commercial application. Decrease in the cell length of first internode was primarily responsible for the reduction of stem elongation induced by cold-water irrigation. It is suggested that blocking GA metabolism, not ethylene, may be involved in the events of cold-water mediated reduction of stem elongation in tomato seedling.
39
Reddy, Ramachandra K. "Spatial and temporal regulation of phytochrome A, phytochrome B levels and distribution in maize and tomato seedlings." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1303.
Повний текст джерела
40
Hseuh, Yow-Guang, and 薛佑光. "The Physical and Chemical Properties of Commercial Media and their Effects on Growing Cabbage and Tomato Plug Seedlings." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17879591631435215027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
園藝學系
88
The objective of this study is to investigate the 13 commercial media on plugs seedling growth of cabbage and tomato. The seeds of cabbage and tomato were sown in 128 cell-PE plugs at TSS greenhouse. The changes of physical and chemical properties of different media were investigated before and during seedling growth stages. Seedling growth parameter were assessed seedling growth and after transplanting in field. The major components of tested media were white and black peat mosses. Total porosity was increased with increasing of white peat moss and the smaller of the particles had smaller in total porosity. Degree of the air-filled porosity and container capacity were varied with ratios of perlite, vermiculite, sand and wetting agent. Bluk density was decreased as white peat moss and perlite increased, but would increased with increasing of fine sand. The pH value of sphagnum peat moss was below 4 originally, however, after adding of lime into the media, the pH value would be above 5. The EC value was higher than 1.0mS/cm when media contained more black peat moss and fertilizer. Total porosity had been declined rapidly at the early seedling stage, nevertheless, risen again to the prior value during the seedling growth in cabbage. On the contrary, total porosity had declined gradually and risen again to the original value in tomatoes. The rising range of total porosity was higher in media which contained more fine black peat moss. Air-filled porosity of the media had been increased significantly at the early stage and become mildly later. Container capacity had decreased substantially at the early stage and level off after middle stage. The change in bluk density of medium was not distinct. The pH values of media were changing toward 6.8-7.0 which conincide with the pH value of irrigation water for medium with pH values either below 6 or above 7 originally. EC value of medium had decreased dramatically at the early stage of seedling growth and then slowly decreased in late stages. Days after fertilization, the EC value would risen a little. Moderate air-filled porosity (5 to 6%) and EC below 0.38 were the best medium for the early stage seedling growth in cabbage. A lower air-filled porosity (15.78 to 16.71%), container capacity around 74.5 to 75.6% and EC value about 0.16 to 0.22mS/cm were the best conditions for the middle-stage seedling growth. However, at the late stage, air-filled porosity 15 to 17% and EC value 0.26 to 0.29mS/cm would be recommended. The optimal ranges of physical and chemical properties of medium for the tomato seedlings were wider than cabbage. At the early stage, air-filled porosity 8.36 to 9.10%, container capacity from middle to high (80 to 85%) and EC value 0.43 to 0.26mS/cm. For the middle stage of seedling growth, container capacity from middle to low (72 to 80%), pH value 5.7 to 6.6, EC value 0.25 to 0.5, were the best conditions. After all, the physical and chemical properties of medium did not significantly affect the growth. However, the pH value below 5.78, EC value 0.36 to 0.47 would be suggested. The effects of physical and chemical properties of medium decreased as the days after transplanting increased. There were no significant differences in total yields of cabbage while using of different medium in nursery.
41
Nemakanga, Rendani. "Pepper and tomato seed performance in response to imbibition and dehydration." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4480.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The International Seed Testing Association and the Association of Official
Seed analysts define seed vigour as the ability of a seed lot to perform during
the germination process and crop stand establishment under a wide range of
environmental conditions. There are many ways to determine seed vigour, but
few satisfy the requirements of being simple, inexpensive and reproducible,
among others, to permit the seed industry to adopt seed vigour as an indicator
of seed quality when they sell seeds. Hence, the standard germination test,
which is performed under uniform and favourable conditions, is generally used
to indicate seed quality when seeds are marketed. The objective of this study
was to determine the performance of tomato and pepper seeds in response to
pre-germination hydration and dehydration relative humidities (12%, 49% and
75% RH). Before hydration, seeds were hydrated at three temperatures
(10°C, 20°C and 30°C). Hydration was performed by imbibing pre-weighed
pepper ('Santarini' and 'California Wonder'), Chilli and tomato ('Heinz',
'Marondera' and 'Roma') seeds for 2 h in 10 ml of distilled H(2)0 per 100 seeds
at 10°C, 20°C and 30°C. Dehydration was performed by change in seed mass
determined during a 72-hour dehydration at 12%, 49% and 75% RH. Seed
performance in response to imbibition and dehydration was determined by
leakage of electrolytes from seeds during imbibition, laboratory germination
capacity and seedling emergence under simulated shadehouse nursery
conditions. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of seed
treatments on yield. Seed mass increased by about 50% during the 2-hour of
hydration. Dehydration was hastened by decreasing the RH, and 12% RH
significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the post-imbibition seed moisture content
compared with 49% and 75% RH. The latter two relative humidities reduced
the seed moisture content to about 10% and 15%, respectively, for all
cultivars, irrespective of imbibition temperature. Low imbibition temperature
(10°C) significantly (P < 0.01) increased electrolyte leakage, compared with
high imbibition temperatures (20°C and 30°C), which were not significantly
different from each other. At all hydration temperatures, low RH (12%) caused
a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in seed germination whereas 49% RH and
75% RH apparently had a priming effect on seeds. There was no significant
difference between imbibition temperatures, with respect to seed germination,
but 100G caused a significant decrease in germination index, a measure of
seed vigour. Seedling emergence was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced by both
low imbibition temperature (10oG) and low dehydration relative humidity (12%
RH). The negative effects of low imbibition temperature and rapid dehydration
at 12% RH were also observed as stunted seedling growth.
Principal component analysis and linear regression were used to determine a
statistical model to predict seedling emergence from germination percentage.
The model predicted emergence consistently, but it overestimated it by about
2% to 3%. It is concluded that low imbibition temperature and rapid
dehydration can be used to simulate stress to determine seed performance in
pepper and tomato.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.
42
KUAN, HAO-YUN, and 關皓云. "Effects of P-hydroxybenzoic Acid or Cinnamic Acid Treatment on Sweet Pepper and Tomato Seedlings Under Three Kinds of Stress." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h4z8rd.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立宜蘭大學
園藝學系碩士班
105
The lack of water resources in Taiwan during the dry season results in water shortages, whereas during the East Asian rainy season, heavy rains frequently lead to floods. In addition to the substantial use of chemical fertilizers that accelerate soil salinization, the aforementioned stress factors have reduced the quality and yield of vegetable cultivation. Therefore, this study was conducted to pretreat plants using 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) and cinnamic acid (CA), and investigate changes in the growth, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense systems of the plants under various stress conditions. The findings can contribute to reducing the negative effects of stress on crop growing. Either PHBA or CA was applied to the plants of sweet pepper “Emerald Star” and tomato “Golden Gem” that contain five to six true leaves. Specifically, a PHBA or CA solution was poured into the growth medium 2 and 4 days before applying the draught stress. After 5 days of draught treatment, watering was recovered for 7 days. The results showed that the plants pretreated with PHBA or CA demonstrated increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities as well as reduced concentrations of MDA, superoxide anions, and hydrogen peroxide in the leaves. Three different concentrations of PHBA and CA were adopted, revealing that the bell pepper plants attained the most favorable antioxidant capability under 0.1 mM PHBA or 0.025 mM CA, whereas the optimal concentration for the tomato plants was 0.15 mM PHBA or 0.05 mM CA. Another experiment was conducted, in which PHBA or CA was respectively added to the growth medium 2 and 4 days before applying a flood treatment for 7 days, after which the plants were removed from the flooded medium and recovered for another 7 days. The results showed that the sweet pepper plants most effectively reduced lipid peroxidation and ROS content under 0.15 mM PHBA or 0.05 mM CA, demonstrating enhanced antioxidant activities in the leaves. The tomato plants were most resistant to flooding under 0.1 mM PHBA or 0.05 mM CA. A salinization experiment was also conducted, in which sweet pepper and tomato plants were subjected to seven salinization treatments using 150 mM NaCl. Specifically, after pretreatment of two salinization treatments, PHBA or CA was added to the growth medium during the third and fourth treatments, respectively. After 14 days of salinization treatments and 7 days of recovery, the results showed that applying either PHBA or CA was effective against the saline damage; the plant growth was less inhibited, and the internal antioxidation capability was enhanced. Particularly, the sweet pepper plants attained the most favorable salt resistance capability under 0.15 mM PHBA or 0.05 mM CA, whereas the optimal treatment concentration of the tomato was 0.25 mM PHBA.
43
Chen, Hung-Bin, and 陳鴻彬. "Influence of Plug Seedlings Grown at Different Elevations and Cultivation Density on the Growth and Yield of Two Tomato Cultivars in Fall Crop Season." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87164247755790460117.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
園藝學系
88
Tomato cultivars Known- You 301 and Red Crown were used in this study. Tomato seedling were grown in high and low elevations at ching- jing farm, Nantou and at Shang-sheng nursery, Chiayi, respectively. The seedlings, then, were transplanted twice into the plots at Tainan District Agricultural Improvement Station in September and October, 1998 with three different densities to evaluate seedling-growing condition and plant density on the growth and yield of tomato. Results of the cv. Known- You 301 indicated that the stem diameter of the seedling grown at high elevations is larger but shorter than that grown at low elevations. No significantly difference was observed in the node of flower initiation among the seedlings from high or low elevations and planted in September, while the seedlings planted in October, high elevations plants were found with 6.3 nodes lowest for flower initiation. On the cv. Red Crown, Seedling quality was found the same as cv. Known-You 301 ignoring the seedling grown elevations. Seedling grown at high elevations and transplanted in September and October were found with 1.2 and 3.6 nodes, respectively, lower of flower initiations than those cultivated at low elevations. On the cv. Known-You301. Data accumulation of the harvestings in 12 weeks. Total fruit numbers, average fruit weight, and total yield for the plants planted in October were higher than those planted in September. Plants from high elevations seedlings were higher yield and more fruits in the first 2 and 4 weeks of harvestings. The yield per 3m2 of plants from high elevations seedlings was 0.8 ㎏ in the first 2 weeks and accumulated to 5.1㎏ in the 4th weeks, while the of yield plants form low elevations seedling was from 0.2㎏ to 2.9㎏. Since then elevations of seedling raising did not significantly affect the yield. Among the plant densities tested, one plant at a planting hill and with 25㎝ between plants had the highest fruit number, however, no significantly difference was observed in fruit size and average fruit weight. The plot with one plant/25㎝/hill between plants produced 2.8㎏ more than that with on plant/50㎝/hill between plants planted in September or October. “Red Crown” tomato, plants planted in October were with higher yield, more fruits and larger average fruit weight than those planted in September in the first（2wks）, 2nd（4wks）and 3rd（6wks）harvestings, total yield and fruit number from the seedlings grown at high elevations were higher than that from the low elevations seedling. Average fruit weight was no significantly difference between the seedling-raising elevations in the first and 2nd harvestings. After 4 weeks or after the 2nd harvesting, average fruit weight from the low elevations seedlings was larger than that from the high elevations seedlings. The yield of plants from high elevations seedling in each experimental units was 0.3㎏ of fruit in the first 2 weeks and accumulated to 9.7㎏ in the 6th weeks, but the yield of plants from low elevations seedlings was from 0 to 7.6㎏. No significantly difference was observed in yield after 6 weeks. Among the three densities, yield of the treatment with one plant / hill was the highest than the other two. The plot with one plant/25㎝/hill between plants produced 4.1㎏ more than that with on plant/50㎝/hill between plants in September or October.