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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Tone"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 25 липня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Tone"

1

Fong, Ivan, Fenqi Wang, Kira Chan, et al. "Phonetic adaptation in conversation: The case of Cantonese tone merging." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (2024): A314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027635.

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Анотація:

Phonetic adaptation occurs when one interlocutor adjusts their speech to converge to or diverge from that of their conversation partner to enhance intelligibility. While most research investigates segmental adaptations, our study focuses on suprasegmentals, specifically Cantonese tone merging. Some Cantonese speakers (“mergers”) are found to merge certain lexical tones (e.g., mid-level Tone3 and low-level Tone6), which may cause confusions when interacting with non-merger speakers. Previous research has shown that a merger may unmerge a level tone pair (Tone3/Tone6) when shadowing a non-merger

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2

Gbeto, Flavien. "Esquisse de la tonologie synchronique de Wemɛgbe dialecte Gbe du sud-Benin". Studies in African Linguistics 33, № 1 (2004): 66–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v33i1.107339.

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In this paper I show that Wemegbe, a language spoken in southern Benin, has two underlying tones, H and L, and that the surface tones M, LH and HL are derived by phonological rules. A H tone is inserted after an initial prevocalic voiceless obstruent (occurring in non verbals), creating a HL contour tone, when the vowel of the syllable is L toned. The LH tone is derived through a rightspreading rule from a L' prefix tone, which is postulated for all verbs in their imperative forms and for all nouns. Of particular interest is the fact that the rightward spreading rule for L' is blocked by a voi

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3

Rolle, Nicholas, and Otelemate Harry. "Why spread? Kalabari clitics spread their tone due to word-minimality, prosodic constituency, and *LHH tonotactics." Phonological Data and Analysis 7, no. 2 (2025): 1–35. https://doi.org/10.3765/pda.v7art2.82.

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Why do certain morphemes spread their tones, while other morphemes do not? We address this funda-mental question in Kalabari (Kalaḅarị-Ịjọ), where certain clitics trigger a process of ‘low tone spread’ targeting following high tones (e.g. à ‘I’ in /à páḅụ́rụ́tẹ́ꜜẹ́/→[à pàḅụ̀rụ̀tẹ́ꜜẹ́]‘I have stammered’). We provide a comprehensive description of this process, establishing that its only triggers are a small class of prosodically-deficient pronominal clitics, all of which are low-toned, monosyllabic, and onsetless. We claim that these properties together prevent it from being parsed as a separat

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4

Myers, Scott. "Tone association and F₀ timing in Chichewa." Studies in African Linguistics 28, no. 2 (1999): 215–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v28i2.107375.

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In Chichewa (Bantu, Malawi), a high tone is realized as a peak in fundamental frequency (fO). In this study, the timing of fO peaks relative to the duration of the high-toned syllable was measured for high tones in phrase-medial, -penultimate and -final positions. No phonetic support was found for the assumption in the literature that a phrase-medial high tone is spread over two syllables. Instead, it was found that such a high tone is realized with a significantly later fO peak than a high tone in the last two syllables. On the other hand, support was found for Kanerva's proposal that a phras

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5

Teeranon, Phanintra, and Rungwimol Rungrojsuwan. "Change in the Standard Thai High Tone: An Acoustic Study." MANUSYA 12, no. 3 (2009): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01203003.

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6

Lin, Hui-shan. "Indirect tone-prominence interaction in Kunming tone sandhi." Concentric. Studies in Linguistics 45, no. 1 (2019): 44–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/consl.00003.li.

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Abstract Kunming exhibits a special kind of interaction between tone and prominence whereby the prosodic headedness is shown to play an indirect role in tone sandhi. Due to higher-ranked tonal faithfulness constraints, lower tones, which are universally unfavored in the head position, do not change to higher tones, and higher tones, which are universally unfavored in the non-head position, do not change to lower tones. Nonetheless, though the unfavored tone-(non-)head correlation does not directly trigger tone sandhi, it indirectly decides whether tone sandhi will take place. Falling tones, in

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7

Tu, Jung-Yueh. "Analysis of errors in Mandarin disyllabic tones produced by Vietnamese speakers." Global Chinese 9, no. 2 (2023): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2023-0017.

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Abstract This study investigates the tone production of Mandarin disyllabic words by Vietnamese speakers. It aims to provide insights into the challenges Vietnamese speakers face when producing Mandarin tones in disyllabic words. In the study, there were 30 Vietnamese L2 learners of Mandarin, who were requested to produce 80 (4 tones × 4 tones × 5 words of each tonal combination) disyllabic words in Mandarin. The overall results showed that Tone 4 was the most difficult among the four lexical tones. In the first syllable, most errors were found for Tone 3 when followed by another Tone 3 (where

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8

Yang, Chunsheng. "Tone errors in scripted conversations of L2 Mandarin Chinese." Chinese as a Second Language Research 5, no. 1 (2016): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2016-0003.

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AbstractThis study examines the acquisition of Mandarin tones by American English speaking second language (L2) learners. Three types of tone sequences, namely, compatible tone sequences, conflicting tone sequences, and other tone sequences, were used. The analysis of tone errors in different tone sequences showed that, while learners seemed to have acquired the Tone 3 and its sandhi, they tended to over-apply the sandhi rule in inappropriate contexts and produced tone errors. More importantly, the low and rising tones, which are generally difficult for L2 learners to produce, were the most fr

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9

Wu, Han, Yixiao Zhang, Yiru Liu, et al. "The Neural Development of Chinese Lexical Tone Perception: A Mismatch Negativity Study Across Childhood, Adolescence, and Adulthood." Brain Sciences 15, no. 1 (2025): 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010093.

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Анотація:

Background/Objectives: In a tonal language like Chinese, phonologically contrasting tones signify word meanings at the syllable level. Although the development of lexical tone perception ability has been examined in many behavioral studies, its developmental trajectory from childhood to adulthood at the neural level remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the issue by measuring the mismatch negativity (MMN) response to a Chinese lexical tonal contrast in three groups. Methods: The MMN response to a flat-falling tonal contrast (Tone1 versus Tone4) were recorded from childre

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10

Li, Yuqing, and Feng Yang. "A Study on the Tone Perception of Mandarin by Native Speakers of Shaoxing Dialect." Philosophy and Social Science 1, no. 4 (2024): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.62381/p243407.

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This article studies how native speakers of Shaoxing dialect perceive Mandarin tones, and whether there is a perceptual correspondence between the tone system of Shaoxing dialect and Mandarin tone system. Ten participants from the Shaoxing dialect area were selected to create six pairs of Mandarin tone opposition groups, with a total of 60 Mandarin perception samples. The perception experiment was conducted using E-Prime software. The subjects determine which tone in the dialect is similar to the Mandarin tone they hear, and then input the similar tone category. Finally, statistical analysis i

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Дисертації з теми "Tone"

1

Zhang, Zheng-sheng. "Tone and tone sandhi in Chinese." online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 1988. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?8907344.

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2

Pham, Hoa T. "Vietnamese tone, tone is not pitch." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63689.pdf.

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3

Hartmann, Katharina. "Focus and Tone." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1972/.

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Анотація:

Tone is a distinctive feature of the lexemes in tone languages. The information-structural category focus is usually marked by syntactic and morphological means in these languages, but sometimes also by intonation strategies. In intonation languages, focus is marked by pitch movements, which are also perceived as tone. The present article discusses prosodic focus marking in these two language types.

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4

Banterle, Francesco. "Inverse tone mapping." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55447/.

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The introduction of High Dynamic Range Imaging in computer graphics has produced a novelty in Imaging that can be compared to the introduction of colour photography or even more. Light can now be captured, stored, processed, and finally visualised without losing information. Moreover, new applications that can exploit physical values of the light have been introduced such as re-lighting of synthetic/real objects, or enhanced visualisation of scenes. However, these new processing and visualisation techniques cannot be applied to movies and pictures that have been produced by photography and cin

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5

Chan, Lee Lee L. "Fuzhou Tone Sandhi /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9935444.

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6

Emonts, Michael William. "Memory-based Tone Recognition of Cantonese Syllables." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/60.

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Анотація:

Speech recognition has only recently been applied to Cantonese. Considerable effort, however, has been spent in recognizing Mandarin, the standard dialect of Chinese. Prior to this thesis, the only published work on monosyllabic Cantonese tone recognition is from Tan Lee et al. (1993,1995). This thesis is the first of its kind in that it explores memory-based learning as a viable approach for Cantonese tone recognition. The memory-based learning algorithm employed in this thesis outperforms the highly respected and widely used neural network approach. Various numbers of tones and features

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7

Karlsson, Christoffer, and Lukas Schachtschabel. "Legible Tone Mapping : An evaluation of text processed by tone mapping operators." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för kreativa teknologier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12748.

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Context. Tone mapping operators (TMO) are designed to reduce the dynamicrange of high dynamic range images so that they can be presented onstandard dynamic range display devices. Many operators focus on creatingperceptually similar images. Objectives. This thesis aims to investigate how dierent TMOs reproducephotographed text. The underlying reason being to test the contrast reproductionof each TMO. Methods. An experiment has been performed in order to investigate thelegibility of photographed and tone mapped text. A user study was conducted,in which 18 respondents partook, where respondents w

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8

D'Oyley, Heather M. "Vasodilators and venous tone." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27871.

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The objective of these experiments was to investigate the effects of various membrane receptor-mediated and receptor-independent vasodilators on the resistance and capacitance vessels of conscious, unrestrained rats by measuring mean arterial pressure (MAP) and mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP), an index of total body venous tone. ln the first set of experiments the dose-response effects of the directly-acting vasodilators nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside and hydralazine were determined in intact rats as well as in rats treated with the ganglionic blocker, hexamethonium. The effects

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9

Bao, Zhiming. "The structure of tone /." New York [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 1999. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0602/99019275-d.html.

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10

Ighoroje, Ahbor Dolly Awani. "pH and vascular tone." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293493.

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Книги з теми "Tone"

1

Zhang, Jingfen. Tono-types and Tone Evolution. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4870-7.

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2

Yip, Moira Jean Winsland. Tone. Cambridge University Press, 2002.

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3

Garō, Ishikawa, and Gallery Aoi (Nagoya Japan), eds. Tone Fink ten: Tone Fink. Ishikawa Garō, 1994.

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4

Bax, Arnold. Tone poems. Chandos, 1985.

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5

McMahon, Sean. Wolfe Tone. Mercier, 2001.

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6

Vigeland, Tone. Tone Vigeland. Electrum Gallery, 1990.

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7

McMahon, Seán. Wolfe Tone. Mercier, 2001.

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8

Bax, Arnold. Tone poems. Chandos, 1985.

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9

Rivers, Olivia. Tone deaf. Skyhorse Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2016.

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10

1892-1958, Tone Valdemars, ed. Valdemārs Tone. Neputns, 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "Tone"

1

Gooch, Jan W. "Tone." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11945.

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2

Weik, Martin H. "tone." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_19721.

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3

Markham, Peter. "Tone." In What’s the Story? The Director Meets Their Screenplay. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367815363-9.

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4

Block, Bruce. "Tone." In The Visual Story. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315794839-5.

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5

Abrams, Michael C. "Tone." In The Art of City Sketching, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003026037-6-8.

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6

Marlo, Michael R., and David Odden. "Tone." In The Bantu Languages. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315755946-5.

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7

Zhang, Jie. "Tones, Tonal Phonology, and Tone Sandhi." In The Handbook of Chinese Linguistics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118584552.ch17.

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8

Gooch, Jan W. "Continuous Tone." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2875.

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9

Leman, Marc. "Tone Semantics." In Music and Schema Theory. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85213-8_2.

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10

Gooch, Jan W. "Self-Tone." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_10444.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Tone"

1

Kumar, R. Jegadeesh, M. Lohith, S. Navienvijayaraj, S. Vignesh, and D. Akash. "Link Tone Home Automation." In 2024 15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt61001.2024.10724684.

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2

Yuan, Yi, and Hongli Deng. "An Experimental Analysis of Monosyllabic Tone and Disyllabic Tone in Wuming Mandarin." In 2024 International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing (CLNLP). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/clnlp64123.2024.00022.

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3

Thompson, Napier Guy Ian. "Tone sandhi between complex tones in a seven-tone southern Thai dialect." In 5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1998). ISCA, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1998-101.

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4

Demaidi, Mona Nabil, and Mohamed Medhat Gaber. "TONE." In the ArabWIC 6th Annual International Conference Research Track. ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3333165.3333179.

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5

Palomino, Daniel, Muhammad Shafique, Altamiro Susin, and Jörg Henkel. "TONE." In ISLPED'14: International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design. ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2627369.2627628.

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6

Zhang, Yong, Xinran Xiong, and Oana Balmau. "TONE." In EuroSys '22: Seventeenth European Conference on Computer Systems. ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3503646.3524295.

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7

Qin, Zhen, and Peggy Mok. "The perception of speech and non-speech tones by tone and non-tone language listeners." In Speech Prosody 2012. ISCA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/speechprosody.2012-93.

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8

Cooper, Angela, and Yue Wang. "Cantonese tone word learning by tone and non-tone language speakers." In Interspeech 2010. ISCA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2010-533.

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9

Matias, Vitor Pereira, and João Batista Neto. "Enhancing Fairness in Machine Learning: Skin Tone Classification Using the Monk Skin Tone Scale." In Anais Estendidos da Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5753/sibgrapi.est.2024.31648.

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Анотація:

In the machine learning era, unethical errors from poorly curated datasets are a pressing issue, especially in fields related to skin tone recognition in which imbalanced datasets lead to biased results. Developing a skin tone classification algorithm helps identify such imbalances. Existing methods range from classic computer vision pipelines to deep learning CNNs that typically employs controlled environment datasets with limited class diversity (two to six classes). Our work focuses on classifying skin tones using the 10-class Monk Skin Tone (MST) scale. To this end, we created the SkinTone

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10

Schwanhäußer, Barbara, and Denis Burnham. "Lexical tone and pitch perception in tone and non-tone language speakers." In Interspeech 2005. ISCA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-278.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Tone"

1

Ebeling, Martin, and Gerald Langner. Differences in Spectral and Fundamental Hearing between Absolute and Relative Pitch. Carl Stumpf Gesellschaft, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61712/hnpk7403.

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Consider a stimulus consisting of three sine tones with the same frequency spacing. For some listeners such a stimulus elicits a residual tone. Obviously, their hearing system interprets the three sine tones as three adjacent partials of a complex tone with a fundamental frequency equal to the frequency spacing. On the other hand, some subjects easily hear out some or even all single sine tones. One can therefore distinguish between two hearing modes: the case of the residue pitch is referred to as fundamental hearing, whereas the ability to resolve single partials is called spectral hearing o

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2

Hale, Jay H. Setting the Moral Tone in Operational Level Commands,. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada331142.

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3

D. Rockwell, J.C. Lin, P. Oshkai, M. Reiss, and M. Pollack. Shallow Cavity Flow Tone Experiments: Onset of Locked-On States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821945.

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4

Larson, G. W., H. Rushmeier, and C. Piatko. A visibility matching tone reproduction operator for high dynamic range scenes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/486125.

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5

Camarillo, G., and H. Schulzrinne. Early Media and Ringing Tone Generation in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). RFC Editor, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3960.

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Lee, Bomi, and Michelle L. Childs. Ideal Beauty Standards: A Preliminary Analysis of Ethnicity and Skin Tone Features. Iowa State University. Library, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.8298.

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7

Ahle, Neil W. Endothelial Mediation of Coronary Vascular Tone: Nitric Oxide Attenuation of Cholinergic Vasospastic Challenge. Defense Technical Information Center, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1011160.

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Kapelyushnyi, Anatolyi. Феноменологічний інструментарій ефективності девіатологічного контролювання впливу телевізійного тексту на формування емоційного тонусу суспільства. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11740.

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Анотація:

Main objectives of the study are the phenomenological tools of the effectiveness of deviatological control of the influence of television text on the formation of emotional tone of society. Particular attention is paid to the additional emotional meanings that arise when speaking live due to lack of time to understand them. Because of this, emotional nuances, and often the emotional background in general, arise involuntarily, against the wishes of the author. Emphasis is placed on making appropriate recommendations to TV journalists. During the Russian aggression in the Ukrainian media, the re

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Bandula-Irwin, Tanya, Max Gallien, Ashley Jackson, Vanessa van den Boogaard, and Florian Weigand. Beyond Greed: Why Armed Groups Tax. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.044.

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Анотація:

Armed groups tax. Journalistic accounts often have a tone of surprise about this fact, while policy reports tend to strike a tone of alarm, highlighting the link between armed group taxation and ongoing conflict. Policymakers often focus on targeting the mechanisms of armed group taxation as part of their conflict strategy, often described as ‘following the money’. We argue that what is instead needed is a deeper understanding of the nuanced realities of armed group taxation, the motivations behind it, and the implications it has for an armed group’s relationship with civilian and diaspora pop

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Bandula-Irwin, Tanya, Max Gallien, Ashley Jackson, Vanessa van den Boogaard, and Florian Weigand. Beyond Greed: Why Armed Groups Tax. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.021.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Armed groups tax. Journalistic accounts often include a tone of surprise about this fact, while policy reports tend to strike a tone of alarm, highlighting the link between armed group taxation and ongoing conflict. Policymakers often focus on targeting the mechanisms of armed group taxation as part of their conflict strategy, often described as ‘following the money’. We argue that what is instead needed is a deeper understanding of the nuanced realities of armed group taxation, the motivations behind it, and the implications it has for an armed group’s relationship with civilian and diaspora

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