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Статті в журналах з теми "Tortosin"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 18 лютого 2022

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1

Gombau Domingo, M. Carme. "Les revistes bilingües a la Tortosa de la II República." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 9, no. 9 (June 12, 2017): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.9.8233.

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Resum: Enmig d’un panorama periodístic escrit exclusivament en castellà, sorgeix el primer rotatiu escrit íntegrament en català a Tortosa: La Veu de Tortosa. El succeeix La Veu de la Comarca en la voluntat de «desvetllar la consciència catalanista de la comarca tortosina». Tots dos rotatius representen la introducció del regionalisme a les terres de l’Ebre i del catalanisme conservador, en una ciutat on predominaren els partits dinàstics espanyols durant la primera dècada del segle xx. Després del silenci de la dictadura primorriverista, apareix un setmanari homònim del de principis de segle com a plataforma de difusió d’un partit comarcal afí al de la Lliga Regionalista. En contrapartida, la revista Vida Tortosina, primer, i el quinzenari Acció, després, esdevenen els òrgans d’expressió d’Acció Catalana i representen un moderat nacionalisme d’esquerres. Regionalistes i nacionalistes pretenien fer front a la força política majoritària a Tortosa amb l’establiment de la ii República, els republicans marcel·linistes. Paraules clau: terres de l’Ebre, premsa comarcal, catalanisme, actituds lingüístiques Abstract: In the middle of a journalistic circuit written exclusively in Spanish, comes the first newspaper written entirely in Catalan in the city of Tortosa: La Veu de Tortosa. This one is followed by La Veu de la Comarca which has the firm intention of «awake the Catalan consciousness of the district of Tortosa». Both newspapers represent the introduction of regionalism in Terres de l’ Ebre and the Catalan language in a zone dominated throughout the first decade of the twentieth century by Spanish dynastic parties. After the silence of the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera appears a homonymous weekly as a diffusion platform of a district party related to the Lliga Regionalista. In counterpart, the magazine Vida Tortosina first, and the biweekly Acció after, become organs of expression of Acció Catalana and represent a moderate progressive nationalism. Regionalists and nationalists tried to fight the greatest political force in Tortosa with the establishment of the II Republic, the «marcel·linistes» Republicans. Keywords: Ebre’s land, tortosin press, Catalanism, linguistic actitudes

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2

Gombau Domingo, Maria del Carme. "Les revistes bilingües a la Tortosa de la II República." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 7, no. 7 (June 29, 2016): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.7.8443.

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Resum: En l’àmbit de la premsa tortosina en català del primer terç del segle xx es donen dues actituds lingüístiques: la fabriana i la tortosinista. La primera, partidària del model de llengua de l’IEC, era minoritària als anys vint però es generalitza a partir dels anys trenta (La Veu de Tortosa, La Veu Comarcal, Ara, Acció, Vida Tortosina i Lluita); mentre que el tortosinisme, que es correspon amb una ideologia cada cop més localista i que eleva el «parlar tortosí» a la categoria de llengua, queda reduït durant la ii República a tres revistes bilingües: La Zuda, Germanor i La Santa Cinta. Paraules clau: premsa tortosina, actituds lingüístiques, tortosinisme, fabrisme. Abstract: There were two linguistic actitudes in the tortosine press of the first third in the 20th century: the fabriana amb the tortosinista. The fabriana, in favour of the IEC linguistic model, was in minority during the 20’s, but it became widespread from the 30’s (La Veu de Tortosa, La Veu Comarcal, Ara, Acció, Vida Tortosina i Lluita). The second, the tortosinista, had a local ideology and compared the tortosinisme talk as a complet language, but it was reduced during the ii Republic to three magazines: La Zuda, Germanor i La Santa Cinta. Key words: tortosine press, linguistic actitudes, tortosinisme, fabrisme.

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3

Alanyà i Roig, Josep. "La música al Seminari de Tortosa." Anuario Musical, no. 57 (December 30, 2002): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/anuariomusical.2002.57.87.

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[ca] Aquest article analitza el tractament i la importància creixent de la música litúrgica, el cant gregorià, la música sagrada polifònica i també del conreu de la música popular i profana al Seminari Diocesà de Tortosa durant els cinquanta anys de la seva existència. Es posa en evidencia la gran tradició musical d'aquesta institució tortosina seguint el fil de la vida i obra de musics i musicòlegs com Felip Pedrell, Vicent Ripollés, Mn. Josep M. Peris i Mn. Vicent Garcia Julbe. I es dona a conèixer quin va ser l'humus i el nodriment del Dr. Josep Pavia com a musicòleg i prevere de l'Església des deis anys de la seva adolescència.

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4

Tang, H., A. Micheels, J. Eronen, and M. Fortelius. "Regional climate model experiments to investigate the Asian monsoon in the Late Miocene." Climate of the Past Discussions 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 841–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-7-841-2011.

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Abstract. The Late Miocene (11.6–5.3 Ma) is a crucial period for the Asian monsoon evolution. However, the spatiotemporal changes of the Asian monsoon system in the Late Miocene are still ambiguous, and the mechanisms responsible for these changes are debated. Here, we present a simulation of the Asian monsoon climate (0 to 60° N and 50 to 140° E) in the Tortonian (11–7 Ma) using the regional climate model CCLM3.2. We employ relatively high spatial resolution (1° × 1°) and adapt the physical boundary conditions such as topography, land-sea distribution and vegetation in the regional model to represent the Late Miocene. As climatological forcing, the output of a Tortonian run with a fully-coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model is used. Our results show a stronger-than-present E-Asian winter monsoon wind in the Tortonian, as a result of the enhanced mid-latitude westerly wind of our global forcing and the lowered northern Tibetan Plateau in the regional model. The summer monsoon circulation is generally weakened in our regional Tortonian run compared to today. However, the changes of summer monsoon precipitation exhibit major regional differences. The precipitation decreases in N-China and N-India, but increases in S-China, the western coast and the southern tip of India. This can be attributed to the combined effect of both the regional topographical changes and the other forcings related to our global model. The spread of the dry summer conditions over N-China and NW-India further implies that the monsoonal climate may not be fully established over these regions in the Tortonain. Compared with the global model, the high resolution regional model highlights the spatial differences of the Asian monsoon climate in the Tortonian, and better characterizes the convective activity and its response to topographical changes. It therefore provides a useful and compared to global models complementary tool to improve our understanding of the Asian monsoon evolution in the Late Miocene.

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5

Johnson-Freese, Joan, and Roger Handberg. "The tortoise and the tortoise." Space Policy 7, no. 3 (August 1991): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-9646(91)90004-2.

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6

Shishikura, Fumio. "Globin-intron Sequences Imply Molecular Relationships Between the Galapagos Giant Tortoise and the Aldabra Giant Tortoise." Journal of Nihon University Medical Association 72, no. 6 (2013): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4264/numa.72.326.

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7

Shishikura, Fumio. "Globin-intron Sequences Imply Molecular Relationships Between the Galapagos Giant Tortoise and the Aldabra Giant Tortoise." Journal of Nihon University Medical Association 72, no. 5 (2013): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4264/numa.72.5_326.

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8

Grant, Brian. "Wittgenstein's Elephant and Closet Tortoise." Philosophy 70, no. 272 (April 1995): 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100065372.

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Locke reports, in his discussion of substance and with some amusement, on the Indian philosopher who, when asked what the earth rests on, postulated an elephant and then, when asked in turn about the elephant, decided to go with a tortoise. Locke's amusement, of course, is justified. But it is also tempered if not downright equivocal. For he sees that at some point a very special elephant or—if we stick to the Indian's story—a very special tortoise will have to be invoked. Locke's own tortoise, or elephant, substratum or substance, has some very peculiar properties or, alternatively, an equally alarming lack of them—so much so that, as he is painfully aware, it might well seem totally implausible. Enough of Locke though. Wittgenstein's problem, unlike Locke's, lies in epistemology. His elephant consists of an indefinitely large and varied set of bench-marks or paradigms—Moore's examples, in fact, along with some additions—that function as an epistemological ‘foundation’, ‘river bed’, ‘bedrock’, ‘rock bottom’, a ‘substratum’, no less. Where is the tortoise? Wittgenstein's answer to this is that there is no tortoise, none at all. A non-existent tortoise, however, is as unacceptable here as a regular common-or-garden one. Even the Indian realized that an elephant is no good without a tortoise.

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9

Deepak, V., and Karthikeyan Vasudevan. "Factors influencing the occurrence and vulnerability of the Travancore tortoise Indotestudo travancorica in protected areas in south India." Oryx 49, no. 4 (May 1, 2014): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313001166.

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AbstractProtected areas in developing tropical countries are under pressure from local demand for resources, and therefore it is essential to monitor rare species and prevent overexploitation of resources. The Travancore tortoise Indotestudo travancorica is endemic to the Western Ghats in southern India, where it inhabits deciduous and evergreen forests. We used multiple-season models to estimate site occupancy and detection probability for the tortoise in two protected areas, and investigated factors influencing this. During 2006–2009 we surveyed 25 trails in four forest types and estimated that the tortoise occupied 41–97% of the habitat. Tortoise presence on the trails was confirmed by sightings of 39 tortoises and 61 instances of indirect evidence of tortoises. There was considerable interannual variation in both direct and indirect evidence of tortoise presence. Although grass marshes represented only a small fraction of the protected areas, they constituted an important foraging ground for the tortoise and should be a focal point for monitoring and protection measures. Human-inhabited enclaves within the protected areas, and consequent furtive hunting, had a negative effect on occupancy by the tortoise, and therefore protected area management should include educating local communities and involving them in monitoring and protecting the species.

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10

Huffman, Jessica N., Kent S. Haizlett, Dana K. Elhassani, Brian T. Cooney, and Evelyn M. Frazier. "A Survey of Gopherus polyphemus Intestinal Parasites in South Florida." Journal of Parasitology Research 2018 (December 26, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3048795.

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Gopherus polyphemus populations are diminishing throughout their range due to urbanization, fragmentation, and poor habitat management. Increased population densities, poor habitat quality, and lack of fire may influence disease transmission. Parasite roles within wild tortoise populations are largely unknown; despite evidence these pathogens may pose significant health risks. This study provides a baseline of gopher tortoise intestinal parasites across South Florida and reports on how varying environmental and tortoise characteristics may affect intestinal parasite species prevalence and approximate loads. Tortoise fecal samples were taken from six tortoise populations across five South Florida sites. Seven species of intestinal parasites were discovered from 123 tortoises. Identified parasites include endohelminths such as cyathostomes, pinworms, ascarids, flukes, and protozoans including Eimeria, Cryptosporidium, and Amoeba species. Significant differences in parasite prevalence and loads were seen between sites, while parasitism among sex, size class, and habitat type remained relatively ubiquitous.

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11

Molineri, Carlos, Lucimar G. Dias, and María del Carmen Zúñiga. "New insights into the phylogeny of Tortopus Needham and Murphy and Tortopsis Molineri (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae) with description of three new species." Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 79 (May 31, 2021): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e62735.

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Abstract The family Polymitarcyidae, with a worldwide distribution, includes mayflies with large burrowing nymphs. South America harbors the highest diversity of this family, including the subfamilies Asthenopodinae and Campsurinae. In this work, three new species belonging to the genera Tortopsis and Tortopus (Campsurinae) are described based on adults and nymphs from Colombia: Tortopsis torosp. nov., Tortopsis andakisp. nov. and Tortopus coreguajesp. nov. Additionally, Tortopsis limoncocha is firstly recorded from Colombia. A cladistic analysis of all the species in these genera is presented, using external morphological characters of adults and eggs. Keys to male and female adults of all the species of both genera are presented.

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12

Moose, Ruth. "The Tortoise." English Journal 81, no. 8 (December 1992): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/820305.

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13

Smith, Laura. "Tortoise parties." BSAVA Companion 2013, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22233/20412495.0213.20.

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14

Boyer, Donal M., and Thomas H. Boyer. "Tortoise Care." Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians 4, no. 1 (January 1994): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/1076-3139.4.1.16.

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15

Lindisfarne, Nancy. "The Tortoise." Anthropology Humanism 23, no. 1 (June 1998): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ahu.1998.23.1.83.

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16

Brown, Sarah J. L. "Tortoise medicine." Veterinary Record 174, no. 11 (March 13, 2014): 280.3–281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.g2122.

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17

Jakes, T. "Tortoise expertise." Veterinary Record 122, no. 14 (April 2, 1988): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.122.14.339-a.

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18

Jackson, O. "Tortoise expertise." Veterinary Record 122, no. 17 (April 23, 1988): 423–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.122.17.423.

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19

Muldoon, Paul. "A Tortoise." Sewanee Review 127, no. 3 (2019): 579–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sew.2019.0049.

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20

Manzano, Adriana S., Jorge I. Noriega, and Walter G. Joyce. "The tropical tortoise Chelonoidis denticulata (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the Late Pleistocene of Argentina and its paleoclimatological implications." Journal of Paleontology 83, no. 6 (November 2009): 975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09-031.1.

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The terrestrial tortoise clade Chelonoidis is endemic to the South American continent and nearby islands. Three continental species are currently recognized that inhabit three distinct habitats. The red-footed tortoise (C. carbonaria) and yellow-footed tortoise (C. denticulata) are often sympatric tropical to semi-tropical taxa, but the former taxon generally prefers open and wet savannahs, whereas the latter distinctly prefers permanent and wet forest cover. In contrast, the Chaco Tortoise, C. chilensis, is arid-adapted and lives along the eastern dry slopes of the southern Andes (Ernst and Barbour, 1989). The diverse group of generally dry-adapted tortoises from the Galapagos Islands is currently thought to be the gigantic sisters of C. chilensis (Caccone et al., 1999).

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21

Carter, SK, KE Nussear, TC Esque, IIF Leinwand, E. Masters, RD Inman, NB Carr, and LJ Allison. "Quantifying development to inform management of Mojave and Sonoran desert tortoise habitat in the American southwest." Endangered Species Research 42 (August 6, 2020): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01045.

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Two tortoise species native to the American southwest have experienced significant habitat loss from development and are vulnerable to ongoing threats associated with continued development. Mojave desert tortoises Gopherus agassizii are listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act, and Sonoran desert tortoises G. morafkai are protected in Arizona (USA) and Mexico. Substantial habitat for both species occurs on multiple-use public lands, where development associated with traditional and renewable energy production, recreation, and other activities is likely to continue. Our goal was to quantify development to inform and evaluate actions implemented to protect and manage desert tortoise habitat. We quantified a landscape-level index of development across the Mojave and Sonoran desert tortoise ranges using models of potential habitat for each species (152485 total observations). We used 13 years of Mojave desert tortoise monitoring data (4732 observations) to inform the levels and spatial scales at which tortoises may be affected by development. Most (66-70%) desert tortoise habitat has some development within 1 km. Development levels on desert tortoise habitat are lower inside versus outside areas protected by actions at national, state, and local levels, suggesting that protection efforts may be having the desired effects and providing a needed baseline for future effectiveness evaluations. Of the relatively undeveloped desert tortoise habitat, 43% (74030 km2) occurs outside of existing protections. These lands are managed by multiple federal, state, and local entities and private landowners, and may provide opportunities for future land acquisition or protection, including as mitigation for energy development on public lands.

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22

Howze, Jennifer M., and Lora L. Smith. "Detection of Gopher Tortoise Burrows Before and After a Prescribed Fire: Implications for Surveys." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/052018-jfwm-045.

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Abstract Gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus populations have declined by as much as 80% over the past century, primarily as a result of habitat loss. In 2006, the eastern population of the gopher tortoise was petitioned for federal listing as threatened. In response, a Candidate Conservation Agreement was developed for the gopher tortoise. A Candidate Conservation Agreement is a voluntary agreement between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other interested parties to address the conservation needs of a species before it becomes federally listed and to enact measures to preclude the need to list the species. The gopher tortoise Candidate Conservation Agreement identified an assessment of the status of populations on protected lands as a priority and line transect distance sampling (LTDS) was adopted as the standardized survey methodology. Surveys with LTDS rely on detection of gopher tortoise burrows because tortoises are fossorial. However, gopher tortoise burrows vary greatly in size and small burrows of juveniles are rarely detected. Although LTDS is statistically robust and allows for imperfect detection, few studies have examined how detection varies with tortoise burrow size and whether habitat structure may influence detection of gopher tortoise burrows. Both factors could affect the accuracy of population estimates using LTDS and interpretation of demographic parameters needed for the Candidate Conservation Agreement. Therefore, we conducted surveys for burrows using LTDS before (28 March–13 April 2016) and after (9–18 May 2016) a prescribed burn, which reduced vegetation cover. We detected significantly more burrows (P < 0.001, n = 651) of all sizes after the burn, and the burrow abundance estimate was 64% higher postburn. Our study showed that conducting gopher tortoise surveys after a prescribed burn increased detections and provided a more accurate population estimate. We therefore recommend conducting surveys immediately after a burn. However, varying burn cycles on large sites may make it difficult to survey following a prescribed burn and because the effects of a burn on habitat structure may vary within a site, methods to account for variation in detection due to habitat structure are needed. Population estimates for gopher tortoises using LTDS that do not account for variation in detection due to habitat structure likely underestimate population size.

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23

GONÇALVES, INÊS C., ELIDIOMAR R. DA-SILVA, and JORGE L. NESSIMIAN. "First record and new species of Tortopsis Molineri, 2010 (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae) from Brazil." Zootaxa 2866, no. 1 (May 4, 2011): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2866.1.3.

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A new species of the recently erected genus Tortopsis is described from males and females imagos collected in Macaé river, Rio de Janeiro State. Tortopsis canum sp. nov. can be recognized by the color pattern of the head and pronotum, strongly shaded with black in both sexes, male genitalia with parastyli long and straight and female parastyli receptor “C” shaped, with receptors large, occupying nearly all extension of sternum VIII. This new species represents the first record of the genus Tortopsis in Brazil.

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24

Stober, Jonathan M., Rocio Prieto-Gonzalez, Lora L. Smith, Tiago A. Marques, and Len Thomas. "Techniques for Estimating the Size of Low-Density Gopher Tortoise Populations." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/012017-jfwm-005.

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Abstract Gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) are candidates for range-wide listing as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Reliable population estimates are important to inform policy and management for recovery of the species. Line transect distance sampling has been adopted as the preferred method to estimate population size. However, when tortoise density is low, it can be challenging to obtain enough tortoise observations to reliably estimate the probability of detection, a vital component of the method. We suggest a modification to the method based on counting usable tortoise burrows (more abundant than tortoises) and separately accounting for the proportion of burrows occupied by tortoises. The increased sample size of burrows can outweigh the additional uncertainty induced by the need to account for the proportion of burrows occupied. We demonstrate the method using surveys conducted within a 13,118-ha portion of the Gopher Tortoise Habitat Management Unit at Fort Gordon Army Installation, Georgia. We used a systematic random design to obtain more precise estimates, using a newly developed systematic variance estimator. Individual transects had a spatially efficient design (pseudocircuits), which greatly improved sampling efficiency on this large site. Estimated burrow density was 0.091 ± 0.011 burrows/ha (CV = 12.6%, 95% CI = 0.071–0.116), with 25% of burrows occupied by a tortoise (CV = 14.4%), yielding a tortoise density of 0.023 ± 0.004 tortoise/ha (CV = 19.0%, 95% CI = 0.016–0.033) and a population estimate of 297 tortoises (95% CI = 210–433). These techniques are applicable to other studies and species. Surveying burrows or nests, rather than animals, can produce more reliable estimates when it leads to a significantly larger sample of detections and when the occupancy status can reliably be ascertained. Systematic line transect survey designs give better precision and are practical to implement and analyze.

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25

LIU, XIANMING, ZHENG ZHAO, and WENBIAO LIU. "TORTOISE COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION ON APPARENT HORIZON OF A DYNAMICAL BLACK HOLE." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 12 (January 2012): 358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512006563.

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Thinking of Hawking radiation calculation from a Schwarzschild black hole using Damour-Ruffini method, some key requirements of the tortoise coordinate transformation are pointed out. Extending these requirements to a dynamical black hole, a dynamical tortoise coordinate transformation is proposed. Under this new dynamical tortoise coordinate transformation, Hawking radiation from a Vaidya black hole can be got successfully using Damour-Ruffini method. Moreover, we also find that the radiation should be regarded as originating from the apparent horizon rather than the event horizon at least from the viewpoint of the first law of thermodynamics.

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26

TURVEY, SAMUEL T., JUAN ALMONTE, JAMES HANSFORD, R. PAUL SCOFIELD, JORGE L. BROCCA, and SANDRA D. CHAPMAN. "A new species of extinct Late Quaternary giant tortoise from Hispaniola." Zootaxa 4277, no. 1 (June 15, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4277.1.1.

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Insular giant tortoise diversity has been depleted by Late Quaternary extinctions, but the taxonomic status of many extinct populations remains poorly understood due to limited available fossil or subfossil material, hindering our ability to reconstruct Quaternary island biotas and environments. Giant tortoises are absent from current-day insular Caribbean ecosystems, but tortoise remains from Quaternary deposits indicate the former widespread occurrence of these animals across the northern Caribbean. We report new Quaternary giant tortoise material from several cave sites in Pedernales Province, southern Dominican Republic, Hispaniola, representing at least seven individuals, which we describe as Chelonoidis marcanoi sp. nov. Although giant tortoise material was first reported from the Quaternary record of Hispaniola almost 35 years ago, tortoises are absent from most Quaternary deposits on the island, which has been studied extensively over the past century. The surprising abundance of giant tortoise remains in both vertical and horizontal caves in Hispaniola’s semi-arid ecoregion may indicate that this species was adapted to open dry habitats and became restricted to a habitat refugium in southeastern Hispaniola following climatic-driven environmental change at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary. Hispaniola’s dry forest ecosystem may therefore have been shaped by giant tortoises for much of its evolutionary history.

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27

JAKES, K. A., P. J. O'DONOGHUE, and R. D. ADLARD. "Phylogenetic relationships of Trypanosoma chelodina and Trypanosoma binneyi from Australian tortoises and platypuses inferred from small subunit rRNA analyses." Parasitology 123, no. 5 (November 2001): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182001008721.

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Trypanosome infections are often difficult to detect by conventional microscopy and their pleomorphy often confounds differential diagnosis. Molecular techniques are now being used to diagnose infections and to determine phylogenetic relationships between species. Complete small subunit rRNA gene sequences were determined for isolates of Trypanosoma chelodina from the Brisbane River tortoise (Emydura signata), the saw-shelled tortoise (Elseya latisternum), and the eastern snake-necked tortoise (Chelodina longicollis) from southeast Queensland, Australia. Partial sequence data were also obtained for T. binneyi from a platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) from Tasmania. Phylogenetic relationships between T. chelodina, T. binneyi and other species were examined by maximum parsimony and likelihood methods. The Australian tortoise and platypus trypanosomes did not exhibit any close phylogenetic relationships with those of mammals, reptiles or amphibians, but were closely related to each other, and to fish trypanosomes. This contra-indicates their co-evolution with their vertebrate hosts but does not exclude co-evolution with different groups of invertebrate vectors, notably insects and leeches.

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Attum, Omar, Basem Rabia, Magdy El-Bana, and Sherif Baha El Din. "The diet and vegetation composition of Egyptian tortoise habitat in North Sinai, Egypt." Amphibia-Reptilia 42, no. 3 (April 8, 2021): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10053.

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Abstract We studied the diet and vegetation composition of Egyptian tortoise, Testudo kleinmanni, habitat in North Sinai, Egypt. Dietary data was recorded through direct observations and the vegetation composition was recorded through the use of quadrats and line transects in 66 sampling points (33 in tortoise areas and 33 in non-tortoise areas). Our results showed that vegetation of Egyptian tortoise habitat had high species richness, Simpson’s diversity index, and vegetation cover in contrast to areas without Egyptian tortoises. These tortoises ate thirty four species of plants, a majority of these being perennials, with most feeding observations occurring in spring and winter. The consumption of perennials may enable Egyptian tortoises to find and consume food in an arid environment with low, variable and unpredictable rainfall. The plants most consumed were rare in our vegetation survey, suggesting food preferences. Our study suggests that Egyptian tortoises, which rely on vegetation for food and refugia, may suffer if vegetation cover and richness decrease.

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29

Olson, S. L., and J. R. Humphrey. "The island of origin of Richard Harlan's Galapagos tortoise Testudo elephantopus." Archives of Natural History 44, no. 1 (April 2017): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2017.0418.

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Nothing was known about the source of the specimen that was the basis for Richard Harlan's description of the tortoise Testudo elephantopus beyond the facts that it was from the Galapagos and was alive in the possession of Philadelphia businessman Whitton Evans before 5 September 1826. From published and archival sources we propose that there is compelling circumstantial evidence that this tortoise was taken on Charles (Floreana, Santa Maria) Island, Galapagos, in September 1825 by Evans's ship America, Isaiah Eldredge master, on its way to Honolulu and Canton. The historically important name Testudo elephantopus Harlan 1826 should therefore take precedence for the extinct tortoise of Charles Island.

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30

Holman, J. A., and Tim T. Tokaryk. "A new specimen of giant land tortoise (Geochelone sp.) from the Wood Mountain Formation (Middle Miocene) of Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 2572–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-240.

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A relatively complete shell of a giant land tortoise, Geochelone sp., from the Middle Miocene Wood Mountain Formation of Saskatchewan further documents records heretofore based on fragments. The occurrence of this tortoise in fossil deposits in Canada has previously been interpreted as indicating a subtropical climate in the Middle Miocene.

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31

Smith, Chuck. "Desert Tortoise Care." Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians 4, no. 1 (January 1994): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/1076-3139.4.1.12.

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32

Marconi, Diego. "Persuading the Tortoise." Philosophical Investigations 39, no. 2 (May 20, 2015): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phin.12098.

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33

Botting, David. "The Virtuous Tortoise." Philosophical Investigations 40, no. 1 (July 14, 2015): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phin.12106.

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34

Hinten, Marvin D. "Corman's the Tortoise." Explicator 54, no. 1 (September 1995): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00144940.1995.9934057.

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35

Williams, Nigel. "The last tortoise." Current Biology 20, no. 12 (June 2010): R493—R495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.001.

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36

BLACKBURN, SIMON. "Practical Tortoise Raising." Mind 104, no. 416 (1995): 695–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/104.416.695.

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37

Grierson, Lawrence E. M. "Revising the tortoise." Medical Education 48, no. 5 (April 9, 2014): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/medu.12412.

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38

Thiel, Christian, and Christoph Thiel. "Hare and Tortoise." Datenschutz und Datensicherheit - DuD 39, no. 10 (September 2015): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11623-015-0494-5.

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39

Hanna, Patricia. "The vanishing Tortoise." Philosophia 24, no. 1-2 (December 1994): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02379956.

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40

Smith, Lora L., Matt Hinderliter, R. Scott Taylor, and Jennifer M. Howze. "Recommendation for Gopher Tortoise Burrow Buffer to Avoid Collapse from Heavy Equipment." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/062015-jfwm-055.

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Abstract Gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) occur in open-canopy pine habitat on well-drained soils in the southeastern United States, where they construct burrows that offer protection from thermal extremes, fire, and predators. Gopher tortoise populations have declined over the past 50 y, primarily as a result of habitat loss and degradation. Southeastern pine forests require active management with prescribed fire, mechanical thinning, or removal of hardwoods to maintain suitable habitat for gopher tortoises. In addition, many pine forests in the Southeast that support gopher tortoise populations are managed for multiple uses including intensive silviculture. Heavy equipment associated with these activities used in proximity to gopher tortoise burrows can cause them to collapse, potentially causing harm to tortoises or other imperiled organisms that use their burrows. Hence, there is a need for practical guidelines for use of heavy equipment for timber harvest, management, and other activities around gopher tortoise burrows to minimize risk to tortoises. We conducted a field study to determine the distance at which heavy equipment caused gopher tortoise burrows to collapse using a feller buncher, rubber-tire front-end loader, and an agricultural tractor with a tree-mower attachment in sandy clay loam (15 burrows) and undifferentiated deep sand (15 burrows) soils at a site in southwestern Georgia. All burrows were confirmed to be unoccupied by tortoises or other vertebrate commensal species using a camera scope before collapse. The greatest mean distance to collapse across all vehicles tested in sandy clay loam and undifferentiated deep sand was 2.19 ± 0.56 m and the maximum distance to collapse was 3 m. Given the variation in collapse distance, we recommend a buffer that extends 4 m in radius from the entrance of the gopher tortoise burrow to minimize risk of collapse from heavy equipment.

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41

SORIA, J. M., C. VISERAS, and J. FERNÁNDEZ. "Late Miocene–Pleistocene tectono-sedimentary evolution and subsidence history of the central Betic Cordillera (Spain): a case study in the Guadix intramontane basin." Geological Magazine 135, no. 4 (July 1998): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756898001186.

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The Guadix Basin became established as an intramontane basin in the central sector of the Betic Cordillera at the beginning of Late Miocene time. Its geodynamic evolution starts with a unit of Tortonian marine sediments and is completed by a unit of Late Turolian–Pleistocene continental sediments. In the two units, six depositional sequences have been differentiated whose boundaries, in most cases, coincide with tectonic events. Geohistorical diagrams show the results of quantitative analyses of subsidence in the northern sector of the basin and permit correlation of the main events with significant changes in the history of subsidence and uplift. A period of strong subsidence occurred at the beginning of Tortonian time causing the formation of a marine basin 800 m deep. The mid- and end-Tortonian tectonic events involved periods of uplift leading to shallowing in the basin. After continentalization at the end of the Tortonian, the basin was uplifted continuously from Late Turolian to Late Pleistocene times, finally accumulating sediments at a height of 1000 m.

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Tang, H., A. Micheels, J. Eronen, and M. Fortelius. "Regional climate model experiments to investigate the Asian monsoon in the Late Miocene." Climate of the Past 7, no. 3 (August 9, 2011): 847–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-847-2011.

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Abstract. The Late Miocene (11.6–5.3 Ma) is a crucial period in the history of the Asian monsoon. Significant changes in the Asian climate regime have been documented for this period, which saw the formation of the modern Asian monsoon system. However, the spatiotemporal structure of these changes is still ambiguous, and the associated mechanisms are debated. Here, we present a simulation of the average state of the Asian monsoon climate for the Tortonian (11–7 Ma) using the regional climate model CCLM3.2. We employ relatively high spatial resolution (1° × 1°) and adapt the physical boundary conditions such as topography, land-sea distribution and vegetation in the regional model to represent the Late Miocene. As climatological forcing, the output of a Tortonian run with a fully-coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model is used. Our regional Tortonian run shows a stronger-than-present East Asian winter monsoon wind as a result of the enhanced mid-latitude westerly wind of our global forcing and the lowered present-day northern Tibetan Plateau in the regional model. The summer monsoon circulation is generally weakened in our regional Tortonian run compared to today. However, the changes of summer monsoon precipitation exhibit major regional differences. Precipitation decreases in northern China and northern India, but increases in southern China, the western coast and the southern tip of India. This can be attributed to the changes in both the regional topography (e.g. the lower northern Tibetan Plateau) and the global climate conditions (e.g. the higher sea surface temperature). The spread of dry summer conditions over northern China and northern Pakistan in our Tortonian run further implies that the monsoonal climate may not have been fully established in these regions in the Tortonian. Compared with the global model, the high resolution regional model highlights the spatial differences of the Asian monsoon climate in the Tortonian, and better characterizes the convective activity and its response to regional topographical changes. It therefore provides a useful and compared to global models, a complementary tool to improve our understanding of the Asian monsoon evolution in the Late Miocene.

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43

Segura, Amalia, Miguel Delibes-Mateos, and Pelayo Acevedo. "Implications for Conservation of Collection of Mediterranean Spur-Thighed Tortoise as Pets in Morocco: Residents’ Perceptions, Habits, and Knowledge." Animals 10, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020265.

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The trading and collection of wild animals as pets may be cause for concern regarding animal welfare and species conservation. These concerns can be exemplified by Mediterranean spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca), a long-living species whose use as pets is long established. The human dimension plays a major role in the wildlife for the pet collection, and is particularly important in countries like Morocco, where this might pose a threat to the conservation of the species involved. This study, which is based on a questionnaire survey (n = 480 participants), documents the fact that many people in Morocco keep tortoises as pets: 55% of the participants in the survey and over two tortoises/person. Importantly, most captive tortoises, particularly juveniles, had been collected directly from wild populations by their owners (42%, n = 264). In general, the tortoise owners had limited knowledge of their tortoises’ habits and requirements, although rural people were more likely to acknowledge that the tortoise is a wild and threatened species. Our study reveals that non-commercial collection is a common activity in Morocco that may threaten wild tortoise populations and hence species conservation, and it could have consequences regarding the welfare of the animals. We were also able to identify the profile of people towards whom education campaigns should be directed in order to reduce the number of tortoises collected from wild populations. Additional field research should also be conducted to quantify the impact of pet collection on wild tortoise populations.

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Smith, Lora L., Jennifer M. Howze, Jennifer S. Staiger, Eric R. Sievers, Deborah Burr, and Kevin M. Enge. "Added Value: Gopher Tortoise Surveys Provide Estimates of Gopher Frog Abundance in Tortoise Burrows." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 12, no. 1 (October 27, 2020): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-20-030.

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Abstract The gopher frog Lithobates capito is one of the most terrestrial frogs in the southeastern United States and often inhabits gopher tortoise burrows Gopherus polyphemus outside of the breeding season. Gopher frog populations have declined, and the species is under review for listing as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Much of our knowledge on the status of gopher frogs is based on detections of larvae at breeding wetlands, which can be challenging because of environmental variability and provides no information on the terrestrial life stages of the species. Therefore, an alternative method is called for. We recorded observations of gopher frogs during gopher tortoise surveys at four conservation lands in Florida and used line-transect distance sampling to estimate frog abundance. We also recorded burrow size, incidence of frog co-occupancy with tortoises, and distance from frog-occupied burrows to breeding wetlands. We observed 274 gopher frogs in 1,097 tortoise burrows at the four sites. The proportion of burrows occupied by gopher frogs among sites ranged from 0.17 to 0.25. Gopher frog abundance in tortoise burrows was 742 (512–1,076 95% CL) at Etoniah Creek State Forest, 465 (352–615) at Ft. White Wildlife Environmental Area, 411 (283–595) at Mike Roess Gold Head Branch State Park, and 134 (97–186) at Watermelon Pond Wildlife Environmental Area. We observed up to four frogs in a single burrow. The proportion of frogs detected in burrows occupied by a gopher tortoise ranged from 0.46 to 0.79 among sites, and overall, gopher frogs preferred burrows occupied by tortoises over unoccupied burrows (χ2 = 15.875; df = 3; P = 0.001). Gopher frogs used burrows from 7 to 43 cm in width; mean width of frog-occupied burrows did not differ from that of unoccupied burrows (F1,3 = 0.049, P = 0.825). Distance from frog-occupied tortoise burrows to the nearest breeding wetland ranged from 141 to 3,402 m. Our data on gopher frogs collected in conjunction with gopher tortoise monitoring efforts using line-transect distance sampling and burrow cameras provided novel information on frog abundance in their terrestrial habitat and required no additional effort. However, the extent to which frogs use tortoise burrows relative to other available refuges (small mammal burrows, stumps, or other structures) is unknown; thus, our estimates should be considered conservative. We suggest that terrestrial abundance estimates for gopher frogs can complement efforts to monitor breeding activity to provide a more comprehensive means of monitoring population trends in this cryptic species.

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45

Marín, Aurelio, and Albert Bertolero. "Efficacy of inguinal palpation for detecting oviductal eggs in Hermann's tortoise, Testudo hermanni." Amphibia-Reptilia 26, no. 4 (2005): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853805774806232.

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AbstractFor the first time, inguinal palpation effectively detected calcified oviductal eggs in a tortoise species. Inguinal palpations for 36 Hermann's tortoises, from six samples during spring 1999 and spring 2000, were verified with X-ray radiography. Palpation results did not differ significantly from radiography results and did not differ between two independent observers. A logistic regression analysis indicated that palpation success depended on the presence of oviductal eggs, and not on observer, year (1999 or 2000) or tortoise age class (young adult or old adult). The probability of correctly classifying females as gravid or nongravid through palpation was 78.4%. Although inguinal palpation did not allow detection of all clutches, it is a simple, inexpensive and effective means to determine the breeding status of Hermann's tortoise populations.

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46

Brown, Sarah. "How do I know if this tortoise is dead?" Companion Animal 25, no. 5 (June 2, 2020): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2020.0023.

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A client asking ‘how do I know if this tortoise is dead?’ might seem a bizarre or silly question, but is actually one we are asked at our exotics practice quite frequently by both tortoise keepers and also other veterinary professionals. The quick answer is that it can be difficult to tell! This short article explains why, and gives some pointers for consideration.

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47

Epperson, Deborah M., Craig R. Allen, and Katharine F. E. Hogan. "Red Imported Fire Ants Reduce Invertebrate Abundance, Richness, and Diversity in Gopher Tortoise Burrows." Diversity 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13010007.

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Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) burrows support diverse commensal invertebrate communities that may be of special conservation interest. We investigated the impact of red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) on the invertebrate burrow community at 10 study sites in southern Mississippi, sampling burrows (1998–2000) before and after bait treatments to reduce fire ant populations. We sampled invertebrates using an ant bait attractant for ants and burrow vacuums for the broader invertebrate community and calculated fire ant abundance, invertebrate abundance, species richness, and species diversity. Fire ant abundance in gopher tortoise burrows was reduced by >98% in treated sites. There was a positive treatment effect on invertebrate abundance, diversity, and species richness from burrow vacuum sampling which was not observed in ant sampling from burrow baits. Management of fire ants around burrows may benefit both threatened gopher tortoises by reducing potential fire ant predation on hatchlings, as well as the diverse burrow invertebrate community. Fire-ant management may also benefit other species utilizing tortoise burrows, such as the endangered Dusky Gopher Frog and Schaus swallowtail butterfly. This has implications for more effective biodiversity conservation via targeted control of the invasive fire ant at gopher tortoise burrows.

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48

Triantoro, Richard Gatot Nugroho, and Abdullah Tuharea. "Pemanfaatan Tradisional dan Tataniaga Kura-Kura di Merauke Provinsi Papua." Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Faloak 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpkf.2019.3.2.117-125.

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49

Obermaier, Elisabeth, Burkard Pfeiffer, and K. Eduard Linsenmair. "Mortality and Parasitism in West African Tortoise Beetles (Coleoptera: Cbrysomelidae)." Entomologia Generalis 25, no. 3 (June 28, 2001): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/25/2001/189.

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50

Benítez-Malvido, Julieta, Andrés Giménez, Eva Graciá, Roberto Carlos Rodríguez-Caro, Rocío Ruiz De Ybáñez, Héctor Hugo Siliceo-Cantero, and Anna Traveset. "Impact of habitat loss on the diversity and structure of ecological networks between oxyurid nematodes and spur-thighed tortoises (Testudo graeca L.)." PeerJ 7 (December 2, 2019): e8076. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8076.

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Habitat loss and fragmentation are recognized as affecting the nature of biotic interactions, although we still know little about such changes for reptilian herbivores and their hindgut nematodes, in which endosymbiont interactions could range from mutualistic to commensal and parasitic. We investigated the potential cost and benefit of endosymbiont interactions between the spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca L.) and adult oxyurid nematodes (Pharyngodonidae order Oxyurida) in scrublands of southern Spain. For this, we assessed the association between richness and abundance of oxyurid species with tortoises’ growth rates and body traits (weight and carapace length) across levels of habitat loss (low, intermediate and high). Furthermore, by using an intrapopulation ecological network approach, we evaluated the structure and diversity of tortoise–oxyurid interactions by focusing on oxyurid species infesting individual tortoises with different body traits and growth rates across habitats. Overall, tortoise body traits were not related to oxyurid infestation across habitats. Oxyurid richness and abundance however, showed contrasting relationships with growth rates across levels of habitat loss. At low habitat loss, oxyurid infestation was positively associated with growth rates (suggesting a mutualistic oxyurid–tortoise relationship), but the association became negative at high habitat loss (suggesting a parasitic relationship). Furthermore, no relationship was observed when habitat loss was intermediate (suggesting a commensal relationship). The network analysis showed that the oxyurid community was not randomly assembled but significantly nested, revealing a structured pattern for all levels of habitat loss. The diversity of interactions was lowest at low habitat loss. The intermediate level, however, showed the greatest specialization, which indicates that individuals were infested by fewer oxyurids in this landscape, whereas at high habitat loss individuals were the most generalized hosts. Related to the latter, connectance was greatest at high habitat loss, reflecting a more uniform spread of interactions among oxyurid species. At an individual level, heavier and larger tortoises tended to show a greater number of oxyurid species interactions. We conclude that there is an association between habitat loss and the tortoise–oxyurid interaction. Although we cannot infer causality in their association, we hypothesize that such oxyurids could have negative, neutral and positive consequences for tortoise growth rates. Ecological network analysis can help in the understanding of the nature of such changes in tortoise–oxyurid interactions by showing how generalized or specialized such interactions are under different environmental conditions and how vulnerable endosymbiont interactions might be to further habitat loss.

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