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1

Koeppe, Robert A., David M. Raffel, Scott E. Snyder, Edward P. Ficaro, Michael R. Kilbourn, and David E. Kuhl. "Dual-[11C]Tracer Single-Acquisition Positron Emission Tomography Studies." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 21, no. 12 (2001): 1480–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200112000-00013.

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Анотація:
The ability to study multiple physiologic processes of the brain simultaneously within the same subject would provide a new means to explore the interactions between neurotransmitter systems in vivo. Currently, examination of two distinct neuropharmacologic measures with positron emission tomography (PET) necessitates performing two separate scans spaced in time to allow for radionuclide decay. The authors present results from a dual-tracer PET study protocol using a single dynamic-scan acquisition where the injections of two tracers are offset by several minutes. Kinetic analysis is used to e
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2

Chernokozhev, D. A., K. I. Kuznetsova, R. R. Gazimov, A. S. Zasedatelev, and M. S. Khozyaiov. "MODERN METHODOLOGICAL POSSIBILITIES OF THE TRACER METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE COVERAGE OF AN OIL RESERVOIR BY FLOODING." BULLETIN of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences 21 (April 2021): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52531/1682-1696-2021-21-1-24-28.

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The article presents the results of modeling tracer studies of the process of flooding of an oil reservoir. As a result of the studies, the dependences on the time of the change in the volume occupied by the injected water were obtained. Formulas are given that allow us to calculate the values of the coefficient of coverage of the reservoir area by flooding as a whole and the contribution of each injection well to flooding. The technology is implemented by continuously pumping the tracer into the injection well. Continuous injection of different tracers into different injection wells allows fo
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3

Clemens, Torsten, Markus Lüftenegger, Ajana Laoroongroj, Rainer Kadnar, and Christoph Puls. "The Use of Tracer Data To Determine Polymer-Flooding Effects in a Heterogeneous Reservoir, 8 Torton Horizon Reservoir, Matzen Field, Austria." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 19, no. 04 (2016): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/174349-pa.

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Анотація:
Summary Polymer-injection pilot projects aim at reducing the uncertainty and risk of full-field polymer-flood implementation. The interpretation of polymer-pilot projects is challenging because of the complexity of the process and fluids moving out of the polymer-pilot area. The interpretation is increasingly more complicated with the heterogeneity of the reservoir. In the polymer pilot performed in the 8 Torton Horizon (TH) reservoir of the Matzen field in Austria, a polymer-injection well surrounded by a number of production wells was selected. A tracer was injected 1 week before polymer inj
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4

Sudo, Shigeru, and Naoki Tamura. "Tracer-encapsulated solid pellet injection system." Review of Scientific Instruments 83, no. 2 (2012): 023503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3681447.

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5

Wang, Sheng-Ping, Dan Zhou, Zuliang Yao, et al. "Quantifying rates of glucose production in vivo following an intraperitoneal tracer bolus." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 311, no. 6 (2016): E911—E921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00182.2016.

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Анотація:
Aberrant regulation of glucose production makes a critical contribution to the impaired glycemic control that is observed in type 2 diabetes. Although isotopic tracer methods have proven to be informative in quantifying the magnitude of such alterations, it is presumed that one must rely on venous access to administer glucose tracers which therein presents obstacles for the routine application of tracer methods in rodent models. Since intraperitoneal injections are readily used to deliver glucose challenges and/or dose potential therapeutics, we hypothesized that this route could also be used
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6

Joshi, Aniket D., Robert A. Koeppe, Jeffrey A. Fessier, and Michael R. Kilbourn. "Signal Separation and Parameter Estimation in Noninvasive Dual-Tracer PET Scans using Reference-Region Approaches." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 29, no. 7 (2009): 1346–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2009.53.

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Анотація:
This is the first study to report results from a noninvasive dual-tracer positron emission tomography (PET) in humans not requiring arterial sampling, in which two radiotracers were injected closely in time within the same scan. These studies yield near simultaneous information on two different neuropharmacological systems, providing better characterization of a subject's neurologic condition. The noninvasive dual-tracer approach described in this study is based on the primary assumption that an appropriate bolus plus constant infusion protocol brings the reference tissue of the first radiotra
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7

Akanji, Lateef, and Gabriel Falade. "Closed-Form Solution of Radial Transport of Tracers in Porous Media Influenced by Linear Drift." Energies 12, no. 1 (2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010029.

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Анотація:
A new closed-form analytical solution to the radial transport of tracers in porous media under the influence of linear drift is presented. Specifically, the transport of tracers under convection–diffusion-dominated flow is considered. First, the radial transport equation was cast in the form of the Whittaker equation by defining a set of transformation relations. Then, linear drift was incorporated by considering a coordinate-independent scalar velocity field within the porous medium. A special case of low-intensity tracer injection where molecular diffusion controls tracer propagation but con
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8

Petrič, Metka, Nataša Ravbar, Petra Gostinčar, Petra Krsnik, and Marina Gacin. "Establishment of a freely accessible GIS database containing the results of groundwater tracing and possibilities of its use." Geologija 63, no. 2 (2020): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2020.017.

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Анотація:
Tracing with artificial tracers is a research method that gives very good results in examining the direction and characteristics of groundwater flow in karst aquifers. The first mention of such experiments in Slovenian karst dates back to history and the beginnings of their use in the water resources management process in the first years of the 20th century. From that point on, more than two hundred tracer tests were carried out in Slovenian karst. Unfortunately, their results often remain hidden in internal reports in the archives of implementing organisations and are very difficult to access
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9

Seki, Chie, Jeff Kershaw, Paule-Joanne Toussaint, et al. "15O Radioactivity Clearance is Faster after Intracarotid Bolus Injection of 15O-Labeled Oxyhemoglobin than after 15O-Water Injection." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 23, no. 7 (2003): 838–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wcb.0000071889.63724.1f.

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The authors tested the hypothesis that the oxygen content of brain tissue is negligible by injecting an intracarotid bolus of 15O-labeled tracer into rats. Under the hypothesis, the clearance rates of 15O radioactivity from the brain after injections of both 15O-labeled water (H215O) and 15O-labeled oxyhemoglobin (HbO15O) should be identical. However, the logarithmic slope of the 15O radioactivity curve after HbO15O injection (0.494 ± 0.071 min-1) was steeper than that after H215O injection (0.406 ± 0.038 min−1) ( P<0.001, n = 13), where the time range used in the comparison was between 60
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10

Loula, A. F. D., J. N. C. Guerreiro, F. L. B. Ribeiro, and L. Landau. "Tracer Injection Simulations by Finite Element Methods." SPE Advanced Technology Series 4, no. 01 (1996): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/27047-pa.

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11

Horikoshi, Toru, Yasuhiro Asari, Arata Watanabe, et al. "Unsuccessful tracer injection in radionuclide cisternography revisited." Annals of Nuclear Medicine 20, no. 4 (2006): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02984653.

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12

Tuvdendorj, Demidmaa, David L. Chinkes, David N. Herndon, Xiao-Jun Zhang, and Robert R. Wolfe. "A novel stable isotope tracer method to measure muscle protein fractional breakdown rate during a physiological non-steady-state condition." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 304, no. 6 (2013): E623—E630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00552.2012.

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Анотація:
The measurement of the fractional breakdown rate (FBR) of muscle proteins during physiological non-steady state of amino acids (AAs) presents some challenges. Therefore, the goal of the present experiment was to modify the bolus stable isotope tracer injection approach to determine both fractional synthesis rate (FSR) and FBR of leg muscle protein during a physiological non-steady state of AAs. The approach uses the traditional precursor-product principle but is modified with the assumption that inward transport of AAs is proportional to their plasma concentrations. The FBR value calculated fr
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13

Werder, Mauro A., Alexandre Loye, and Martin Funk. "Dye tracing a jökulhlaup: I. Subglacial water transit speed and water-storage mechanism." Journal of Glaciology 55, no. 193 (2009): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214309790152447.

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Анотація:
AbstractWe present results of an investigation of two jökulhlaups (glacial lake outburst floods) at Gornergletscher, Switzerland, using dye-tracer experiments and complementary hydrological measurements. Repeated dye injections into moulins showed that tracer transit speeds were larger after the lake had emptied, but when proglacial discharge was still high, than during the main phase of the jökulhlaup. This counter-intuitive finding was modelled by tracer retardation inside the injection moulin. This model, together with an estimate of the maximum time the tracer takes to transit the injectio
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14

Huseby, Olaf K., Mona Andersen, Idar Svorstol, and Oyvind Dugstad. "Improved Understanding of Reservoir Fluid Dynamics in the North Sea Snorre Field by Combining Tracers, 4D Seismic, and Production Data." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 11, no. 04 (2008): 768–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/105288-pa.

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Анотація:
Summary To obtain improved oil recovery (IOR), it is crucial to have a best-possible description of the reservoir and the reservoir dynamics. In addition to production data, information can be obtained from 4D seismic and from tracer monitoring. Interwell tracer testing (IWTT) has been established as a proven and efficient technology to obtain information on well-to-well communication, heterogeneities, and fluid dynamics. During such tests, chemical or radioactive tracers are used to label water or gas from specific wells. The tracers then are used to trace the fluids as they move through the
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15

Giertzuch, Peter-Lasse, Joseph Doetsch, Mohammadreza Jalali, Alexis Shakas, Cédric Schmelzbach, and Hansruedi Maurer. "Time-lapse ground penetrating radar difference reflection imaging of saline tracer flow in fractured rock." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 3 (2020): H25—H37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0481.1.

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Анотація:
The characterization of flow and transport processes in fractured rock is challenging because they cannot be observed directly and hydrologic tests can only provide sparse and local data. Time-lapse ground penetrating radar (GPR) can be a valuable tool to monitor such processes in the subsurface, but it requires highly reproducible data. As part of a tracer injection experiment at the Grimsel Test Site (GTS) in Switzerland, borehole reflection GPR data were acquired in a time-lapse survey to monitor saline tracer flow through a fracture network in crystalline rock. Because the reflections from
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16

Zeng, Xian Yang, Zuo He Chi, Ming Guang Zheng, Gong Gang Sun, Guang Xue Zhang, and Jin Qing Wang. "Experiment Research on Air Flow Rate Measurement Using Tracer Gas Method." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 520–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.520.

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Experiment research on the air flow rate measurement using tracer gas method in a 300mm internal diameter and 90° elbow duct are presented, which CO and air are selected as tracer gas and gas stream. Results show that the relative errors between the flow rate measured by tracer gas method and turbine flowmeter are varied in the range of -2.15%~1.69% when the injection point is upstream of the elbow on 7D~13D (D is the internal diameter of the duct), and the sampling point is downstream of the elbow on 10D~14D. The further distances of the injection point and sampling point are apart, the less
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17

Siberlin, C., and C. Wunsch. "Oceanic tracer and proxy time scales revisited." Climate of the Past Discussions 6, no. 5 (2010): 1589–628. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-6-1589-2010.

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Abstract. Quantifying time-responses of the ocean to passive and active tracers is critical for the interpretation of paleodata from sediment cores because surface-injected tracers do not instantaneously spread throughout the ocean. To obtain insights into the time response, a computationally efficient state transition matrix method is demonstrated and used to compute successive states of passive tracer concentrations in the global ocean. Times to equilibrium exceed a thousand years for any one region of the global ocean outside of the injection and convective regions and concentration gradien
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18

Somogyvári, Márk, Peter Bayer, and Ralf Brauchler. "Travel-time-based thermal tracer tomography." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 5 (2016): 1885–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1885-2016.

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Abstract. Active thermal tracer testing is a technique to get information about the flow and transport properties of an aquifer. In this paper we propose an innovative methodology using active thermal tracers in a tomographic setup to reconstruct cross-well hydraulic conductivity profiles. This is facilitated by assuming that the propagation of the injected thermal tracer is mainly controlled by advection. To reduce the effects of density and viscosity changes and thermal diffusion, early-time diagnostics are used and specific travel times of the tracer breakthrough curves are extracted. These
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19

Matsumoto, Takeshi, Hiroyuki Tachibana, Yasuo Ogasawara, and Fumihiko Kajiya. "New double-tracer digital radiography for analysis of spatial and temporal myocardial flow heterogeneity." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 280, no. 1 (2001): H465—H474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.1.h465.

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A new high-resolution digital radiographic technique based on the deposition of125I- and 3H-labeled desmethylimipramine (IDMI and HDMI, respectively) was developed for the assessment of spatial and temporal myocardial flow heterogeneity at a microvascular level. The density distributions of two tracers, or relative flow distributions, were determined by subtraction digital radiography using two imaging plates of different sensitivity. The regions resolved are comparable in size to vascular regulatory units (400 × 400 μm2). This method was applied to the measurement of within-layer myocardial f
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20

Chapman, Molly C., Amie Y. Lee, Jessica H. Hayward, Bonnie N. Joe, and Elissa R. Price. "Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Sentinel Node Tracer Injection: Effects on Breast MRI Quality." Journal of Breast Imaging 2, no. 6 (2020): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbaa083.

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Abstract Objective To evaluate the MRI artifact rendered by the typical injection of a ferromagnetic tracer now being intermittently used for intraoperative sentinel node (SN) identification at our institution, and to explore its impact on postoperative imaging and management. Methods This study was Institutional Review Board-approved and granted a waiver of consent. A database search tool was used to identify MRI exams performed on patients who had previously undergone breast-conserving surgery with use of a superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) SN tracer between January 1, 2015, and May 1, 202
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21

Watson, Philip D. "Analysis of the paired-tracer method of determining cell uptake." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 275, no. 2 (1998): E366—E371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1998.275.2.e366.

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Анотація:
The paired-tracer method has been used extensively for determining cell uptake of numerous substances, although the method of calculating uptake has no published theoretical support. We have investigated the effect of capillary permeability of the tracers on v, the uptake rate calculated directly from the ratio of tracer venous concentrations. For a simple mathematical model of plasma-tissue movement of lactate and an analytic expression for v, it has been shown that values of v calculated in the first moments after tracer injection depend almost entirely on the differences in tracer permeabil
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22

Hill, A. D., and J. Ricardo Solares. "Improved Analysis Methods for Radioactive Tracer Injection Logging." Journal of Petroleum Technology 37, no. 03 (1985): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/12140-pa.

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23

Young, Dirk F., and William P. Ball. "Injection Mode Effects on Tracer Experiments in Columns." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 2, no. 3 (1997): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(1997)2:3(113).

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24

Brouyere, Serge, Guy Carabin, and Alain Dassargues. "Influence of injection conditions on field tracer experiments." Ground Water 43, no. 3 (2005): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0041.x.

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25

Lassen, Niels A. "Neuroreceptor Quantitation in vivo by the Steady-State Principle Using Constant Infusion or Bolus Injection of Radioactive Tracers." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 12, no. 5 (1992): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1992.101.

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Анотація:
The approaches hitherto used for measuring the kinetic constants Kd and Bmax of neuroreceptors in vivo all violate the steady state of the system. This complicates the kinetic analysis as approximations must be made, introducing errors of unknown magnitude. The present study presents the theory for designing experiments in which the steady state is preserved. It is based on maintaining a constant degree of receptor binding (occupancy) throughout the experiment. This is achieved by administering by prolonged intravenous infusion the non-radioactive ligand one wishes to study. The fraction of re
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26

Siberlin, C., and C. Wunsch. "Oceanic tracer and proxy time scales revisited." Climate of the Past 7, no. 1 (2011): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-27-2011.

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Анотація:
Abstract. Quantifying time-responses of the ocean to tracer input is important to the interpretation of paleodata from sediment cores – because surface-injected tracers do not instantaneously spread throughout the ocean. To obtain insights into the time response, a computationally efficient state-transition matrix method is demonstrated and used to compute successive states of passive tracer concentrations in the global ocean. Times to equilibrium exceed a thousand years for regions of the global ocean outside of the injection and convective areas and concentration gradients give time-lags fro
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27

Wirestam, R., V. Andrée Larsen, M. Stubgaard, et al. "Deuterium MR Spectroscopy at 4.7 T." Acta Radiologica 36, no. 1 (1995): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519503600116.

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Deuterium MR spectroscopy was used for the determination of tissue blood flow (TBF). The tracer D2O was injected into the tissue of interest, and tracer washout was followed using a 4.7 T spectroscopy/imaging unit. Normal subcutaneous tissue in rats was studied, as well as tissue influenced by vasoactive agents (papaverine and adrenaline). The vasoactive agents introduced changes of 40% in TBF, compared with normal tissue. Normal tissue measurements were repeated using various D2O injection volumes (5–400 μl). The injection volume 5 μl gave TBF 11.7 ± 2.0 ml/100 g·min (mean ± 1 SD). This value
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28

Michelet, Å. Aulie. "Effects of Intravascular Contrast Media on Blood-Brain Barrier." Acta Radiologica 28, no. 3 (1987): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518702800320.

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Анотація:
The effects upon the rabbit blood-brain barrier after intracarotid injection of two non-ionic contrast media, iopentol (a monomer) and iodixanol (a dimer) were compared. Iothalamate and iohexol were used as reference substances. 99Tcm-DTPA, 125I-HSA and Trypsin blue were used as tracers in order to demonstrate various degrees of damage to the barrier. Injection of iothalamate led to large extravasation of 99Tcm-DTPA, 125I-HSA and Trypan blue which means severe damage of the blood-brain barrier. Injection of iopentol and iohexol resulted in some extravasation of all three tracers used, whereas
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29

Cobelli, C., M. P. Saccomani, E. Ferrannini, R. A. Defronzo, R. Gelfand, and R. Bonadonna. "A compartmental model to quantitate in vivo glucose transport in the human forearm." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 257, no. 6 (1989): E943—E958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1989.257.6.e943.

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Анотація:
Glucose transport is a critical step in the control of glucose disposal that, until presently, has not been quantitated in vivo in humans. We have employed the perfused forearm and euglycemic insulin-clamp techniques in combination with a dual-tracer injection to measure basal and insulin-mediated glucose transport in six normal subjects. L-[3H]glucose, which is not transported, was used to trace extracellular glucose kinetics; 3-O-[14C]-methyl-D-glucose, transportable but not metabolizable, was used to monitor glucose movement across the cell membrane. After bolus intra-arterial injection of
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30

Pecly, J. O. G., and J. S. F. Roldão. "Dye tracers as a tool for outfall studies: dilution measurement approach." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 7 (2013): 1564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.027.

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Анотація:
Dye tracer technique is well established and of wide application for assessment of outfalls and for delineation of near field and far field extensions. Common goals of a tracer study include the measurement of the dilution factor, estimation of the dispersion coefficients, measurement of the effluent discharge and calibration of a contaminant transport model. This paper presents a brief review of the methods involving the use of dye tracer for outfall assessment and illustrates the methods of slug release and continuous injection based on two real cases of campaigns carried out on Brazilian co
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31

Liu, H., I. J. Llewellyn-Smith, and A. I. Basbaum. "Co-injection of wheat germ agglutinin-HRP and choleragenoid-HRP into the sciatic nerve of the rat blocks transganglionic transport." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 43, no. 5 (1995): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/43.5.7730587.

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Анотація:
We report on the surprising loss of transganglionic and retrograde labeling in the spinal cord of the rat after co-injection of the tracers wheat germ agglutinin-HRP (WGA-HRP) and choleragenoid toxin-HRP (CTB-HRP) into the sciatic nerve. Injection of WGA-HRP alone produced a pattern of transganglionic label consistent with transport by small-diameter primary afferent fibers. Small cell bodies were labeled in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and there was dense terminal labeling in the superficial dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord. Injection of CTB-HRP alone produced a pattern of
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32

Nguyen, Quoc P., William R. Rossen, Pacelli L. J. Zitha, and Peter K. Currie. "Determination of Gas Trapping With Foam Using X-Ray Computed Tomography and Effluent Analysis." SPE Journal 14, no. 02 (2009): 222–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/94764-pa.

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Summary Foam is used worldwide to improve acid placement in matrix acid treatments and to redirect gas flow in improved oil recovery. Gas trapping is a major factor in foam processes; it affects foam mobility and controls diversion of liquids such as acid injected after foam. Most previous studies of gas trapping have relied on fitting effluent-gas tracer profiles to a 1D model for transport of tracer in the presence of trapped gas, including mass transfer between flowing and trapped gas. We present new experiments where X-ray computed tomography (CT) directly determines the gas-tracer distrib
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33

Hock, Regine, lmut Iken, and Alexander Wangler. "Tracer experiments and borehole observations in the over-deepening of Aletschgletscher, Switzerland." Annals of Glaciology 28 (1999): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821742.

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Анотація:
AbstractThe subglacial drainage in a pronounced overdeepening of Grosser Aletschgletscher, Switzerland was investigated by borehole water-level observations and dye-tracer injections. In August 1990 and 1991, tracer was injected at the bottom of a borehole (depth 904 m and 710 m, respectively), and simultaneously in a nearby moulin. The moulin and borehole injections identified two different flow systems coexisting within the overdeepening. The moulin injection yielded short-lived, highly peaked break-through curves with high velocities, indicating a hydraulically efficient channelized system.
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34

Rossi, P., N. Dörfliger, K. Kennedy, I. Müller, and M. Aragno. "Bacteriophages as surface and ground water tracers." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2, no. 1 (1998): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-2-101-1998.

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Abstract. Bacteriophages are increasingly used as tracers for quantitative analysis in both hydrology and hydrogeology. The biological particles are neither toxic nor pathogenic for other living organisms as they penetrate only a specific bacterial host. They have many advantages over classical fluorescent tracers and offer the additional possibility of multi-point injection for tracer tests. Several years of research make them suitable for quantitative transport analysis and flow boundary delineation in both surface and ground waters, including karst, fractured and porous media aquifers. This
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35

Yang, Qing Chun. "A Comparative Study on Scoping Numerical Calculations of Anisotropic Diffusion Experiment in Clay." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 1434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.1434.

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Safety assessment of nuclear waste disposal in a deep geological repository requires understanding and quantifying radionuclide transport through the hosting geological formation. Radionuclide diffusion is the main transport mechanism in clay formations since they usually have small hydraulic conductivities. Thus, understanding diffusion and determining diffusion parameters under real conditions is crucial for the performance assessment of a deep geological repository. In this paper, a comparative analysis is performed which focus on the dimensions of the packed-off section where tracers are i
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36

SUDO, Shigeru, Naoki TAMURA, Diana KALININA, et al. "Multi-Functional Diagnostic Method with Tracer-Encapsulated Pellet Injection." Plasma and Fusion Research 2 (2007): S1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/pfr.2.s1013.

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37

Kobayashi, D., T. Asai, S. Yamada, Y. Ishikawa, N. Tamura, and Y. Narushima. "Development of a tracer-containing compact-toroid injection system." Review of Scientific Instruments 89, no. 10 (2018): 10I111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5039310.

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38

Cheong, K. W. "HVAC ductwork: Constant-injection tracer-gas assessment of airtightness." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 19, no. 3 (1998): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014362449801900310.

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39

Fortenberry, Robert, Pearson Suniga, Mojdeh Delshad, et al. "Design and Demonstration of New Single-Well Tracer Test for Viscous Chemical Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Fluids." SPE Journal 21, no. 04 (2016): 1075–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/178914-pa.

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Summary Single-well-partitioning-tracer tests (SWTTs) are used to measure the saturation of oil or water near a wellbore. If used before and after injection of enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) fluids, they can evaluate EOR flood performance in a so-called one-spot pilot. Four alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) one-spot pilots were recently completed in Kuwait's Sabriyah-Mauddud (SAMA) reservoir, a thick, heterogeneous carbonate operated by Kuwait Oil Company (KOC). UTCHEM (Delshad et al. 2013), the University of Texas chemical-flooding reservoir simulator, was used to interpret results of two of the
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40

Hoffer, L. John, Mazen J. Hamadeh, Line Robitaille, and Kenneth H. Norwich. "Human sulfate kinetics." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 289, no. 5 (2005): R1372—R1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00325.2005.

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Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine steady-state serum and urinary inorganic sulfate and sulfate ester kinetic profiles of nine normal men after intravenous injection of the stable isotope sodium [34S]sulfate. Sulfate ester appearance was traced by eliminating inorganic sulfate from samples, followed by hydrolysis of sulfate esters to inorganic sulfate for analysis. Whole body inorganic sulfate turnover in steady state was calculated using standard tracer techniques. Rate of appearance and disappearance of inorganic sulfate was 841 ± 49 μmol/h. Average urinary inorganic
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41

Wolkersdorfer, Christian, and Jenna LeBlanc. "Regulations, legislation, and guidelines for artificial surface water and groundwater tracer tests in Canada." Water Quality Research Journal 47, no. 1 (2012): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2012.042.

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This paper describes Canadian federal and provincial regulations, legislation, and guidelines for artificial tracer tests, where substances are released into water, and provides a world-wide comparison. Alberta is currently the only Canadian province with guidelines and regulations relating to those tests. None of the other provinces have specific tracer test regulations in place, though the injection of artificial substances into waters is covered by Section 36(3) of the federal Fisheries Act. Newfoundland and Labrador, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut sometimes require a permit to cond
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42

Laing, Robyn J., Jurate Lasiene, and Jaime F. Olavarria. "Topography of Striate-Extrastriate Connections in Neonatally Enucleated Rats." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/592426.

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It is known that retinal input is necessary for the normal development of striate cortex and its corticocortical connections, but there is little information on the role that retinal input plays in the development of retinotopically organized connections between V1 and surrounding visual areas. In nearly all lateral extrastriate areas, the anatomical and physiological representation of the nasotemporal axis of the visual field mirrors the representation of this axis in V1. To determine whether the mediolateral topography of striate-extrastriate projections is preserved in neonatally enucleated
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43

Radtke, Christine, Jeffery D. Kocsis, Wolfgang Baumgärtner, and Peter M. Vogt. "Fluoro-Ruby as a reliable marker for regenerating fiber tracts." Innovative Surgical Sciences 2, no. 1 (2017): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iss-2016-0019.

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AbstractAxon visualization techniques are important in assessing the efficacy of interventional approaches to stimulate neural regeneration. Whereas the labeling of descending tracts in the spinal cord has been well established using the intracortical injection of biotin dextran amine (BDA), the labeling of ascending sensory fibers of the dorsal funiculus is more problematic. Fluoro-Ruby (FR; dextran tetramethylrhodamine; MW 10,000) is a bidirectional permanent tracer, but the retrograde tracing of fibers is particularly prominent, and FR is a highly sensitive tracer that can be applied in dis
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44

Saccomani, M. P., R. C. Bonadonna, D. M. Bier, R. A. DeFronzo, and C. Cobelli. "A model to measure insulin effects on glucose transport and phosphorylation in muscle: a three-tracer study." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 270, no. 1 (1996): E170—E185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1996.270.1.e170.

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We studied five healthy subjects with perfused forearm and euglycemic clamp techniques in combination with a three-tracer (D-[12C]mannitol, not transportable; 3-O-[14C]methyl-D-glucose, transportable but not metabolizable; D-[3-3H]glucose, transportable and metabolizable) intra-arterial pulse injection to assess transmembrane transport and intracellular phosphorylation of glucose in vivo in human muscle. The washout curves of the three tracers were analyzed with a multicompartmental model. A priori identifiability analysis of the tracer model shows that the rate constants of glucose transport
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45

Mihara, Kisyo, Sachiko Matsuda, Yuki Nakamura, et al. "Intraoperative laparoscopic detection of sentinel lymph nodes with indocyanine green and superparamagnetic iron oxide in a swine gallbladder cancer model." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (2021): e0248531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248531.

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Mapping of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) can enable less invasive surgery. However, mapping is challenging for cancers of difficult-to-access visceral organs, such as the gallbladder, because the standard method using radioisotopes (RIs) requires preoperative tracer injection. Indocyanine green (ICG) and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) have also been used as alternative tracers. In this study, we modified a previously reported magnetic probe for laparoscopic use and evaluated the feasibility of detecting SLNs of the gallbladder using a laparoscopic dual tracer method by injecting ICG and SPI
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46

Drescher, Robert, Falk Gühne, and Martin Freesmeyer. "Early-Dynamic Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography and PET Angiography for Endoleak Detection After Endovascular Aneurysm Repair." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 24, no. 3 (2017): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526602817699397.

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Purpose: To propose a positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) protocol including early-dynamic and late-phase acquisitions to evaluate graft patency and aneurysm diameter, detect endoleaks, and rule out graft or vessel wall inflammation after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in one examination without intravenous contrast medium. Technique: Early-dynamic PET/CT of the endovascular prosthesis is performed for 180 seconds immediately after intravenous injection of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose. Data are reconstructed in variable time frames (time periods after tracer injection)
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47

Horikoshi, T., H. Ikegawa, M. Uchida, T. Takahashi, A. Watanabe, and T. Umeda. "Tracer Clearance in Radionuclide Cisternography in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension." Cephalalgia 26, no. 8 (2006): 1010–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01152.x.

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We semiquantitatively analysed radionuclide cisternography in three patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage diagnosed by typical symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging findings before and several months after treatment with epidural blood patch. Radioactivity in the whole CSF space was measured immediately after and at 1, 5, 7 and 24 h after intrathecal injection of 111In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Initial findings included the vague appearance of leakage in the thoracic spine in two patients, early bladder filling at 1 h in one and a lack of tracer filling
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48

Geng, Abdollahi-Nasab, An, Chen, Lee, and Boufadel. "High Pressure Injection of Chemicals in a Gravel Beach." Processes 7, no. 8 (2019): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7080525.

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The remediation of beaches contaminated with oil includes the application of surfactants and/or the application of amendments to enhance oil biodegradation (i.e., bioremediation). This study focused on evaluating the practicability of the high pressure injection (HPI) of dissolved chemicals into the subsurface of a lentic Alaskan beach subjected to a 5 m tidal range. A conservative tracer, lithium, in a lithium bromide (LiBr) solution, was injected into the beach at 1.0 m depth near the mid-tide line. The flow rate was varied between 1.0 and 1.5 L/min, and the resulting injection pressure vari
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49

Morris, Evan D., Nathaniel M. Alpert, and Alan J. Fischman. "Comparison of Two Compartmental Models for Describing Receptor Ligand Kinetics and Receptor Availability in Multiple Injection PET Studies." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 16, no. 5 (1996): 841–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199609000-00009.

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The goal of research with receptor ligands and PET is the characterization of an in vivo system that measures rates of association and dissociation of a ligand-receptor complex and the density of available binding sites. It has been suggested that multiple injection studies of radioactive ligand are more likely to identify model parameters than are single injection studies. Typically, at least one of the late injections is at a low specific activity (SA), so that part of the positron emission tomography (PET) curve reflects ligand dissociation. Low SA injections and the attendant reductions in
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50

Mahieu, Rutger, Josanne S. de Maar, Eliane R. Nieuwenhuis, et al. "New Developments in Imaging for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Early-Stage Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Cancers 12, no. 10 (2020): 3055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12103055.

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Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a diagnostic staging procedure that aims to identify the first draining lymph node(s) from the primary tumor, the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN), as their histopathological status reflects the histopathological status of the rest of the nodal basin. The routine SLNB procedure consists of peritumoral injections with a technetium-99m [99mTc]-labelled radiotracer followed by lymphoscintigraphy and SPECT-CT imaging. Based on these imaging results, the identified SLNs are marked for surgical extirpation and are subjected to histopathological assessment. The routine
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