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Статті в журналах з теми "Traditional gender norms":
1
Green, Robert-Jay. "Traditional Norms of Masculinity." Journal of Feminist Family Therapy 10, no. 1 (December 21, 1998): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j086v10n01_04.
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Alban, Gillian M. E. "Gaskell’s Characters Challenging Gender Norms." Gender Studies 15, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/genst-2017-0004.
Анотація:
Abstract This paper evaluates women characters of Elizabeth Gaskell0’s social novels set in England’s industrial era. While in some ways a traditional woman of her age, Gaskell assumes responsibility and nurture as a duty of men as well as women, and shows her powerful women escaping gender norms, making her worthy of more notice as a social critic than she often gains.
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Scarborough, William J., and Ray Sin. "Gendered Places: The Dimensions of Local Gender Norms across the United States." Gender & Society 34, no. 5 (September 3, 2020): 705–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243220948220.
Анотація:
In this study, we explore the dimensions of local gender norms across U.S. commuting zones. Applying hierarchical cluster analysis with four established indicators of gender norms, we find that these local cultural environments are best conceptualized with a multilevel framework. Commuting zones can be differentiated between those that are egalitarian and those that are traditional. Within these general categories, however, exist more complex dimensions. Gender-traditional areas may be distinguished between traditional-breadwinning and traditional-essentialist, while egalitarian areas are separated into those that are liberal-egalitarian and egalitarian-essentialist. Examining the factors sustaining this spatial variation, we test the role of compositional and contextual effects. We find limited support for compositional effects because commuting zone demographic makeup explains little variation in gender norm indicators. Instead, we find evidence that local gender norms are sustained through contextual effects where the experience of living in a particular environment shapes residents’ attitudes and behaviors. Contextual effects are exceptionally strong in areas with traditional gender norms, where residents who would otherwise hold gender-egalitarian perspectives (e.g., the highly educated) have more traditional outlooks than those who share the same characteristics but reside in places with egalitarian gender norms.
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Chattopadhyay, Swagata. "Traditional gender roles attitude and romantic partner conflict among males: A Correlational study." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 09 (September 13, 2021): 573–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/09524.
Анотація:
Social norms and roles can affect our behavior and intrude on our alternatives. On the flip, that has an impact on and strain to comply may be constraining, specifically for individuals and personal goals for individuals who are much less aligned with the norms and roles of the one. Throughout the college years, a person socializing will increase to plenty volume. Chances of having a romantic relationship increase in those years of lifestyle. Exploring and being curious approximately the opposite genders and the eagerness to be in a courting with the alternative gender boom at its height So, conventional roles can also make it more difficult for a few individuals to proportion their precise characteristics, live true to their personal socio-sexual preferences, and self-decide their conduct in relationships. Provided that those man or woman possibilities and behaviors are crit for enjoyable relationships is usually uncertain as to whether or not following conventional norms and roles of masculinity and femininity ultimately helps or hurts a relationship. Gender role attitude here refers to the beliefs held by individuals towards any specific gender as measured by the Gender Role Attitude Scale (GRAS). The instrument was developed by Prof. Dr. Simge Zeyneloölu to determine attitudes towards gender roles. Another scale used was Romantic partner conflict which refers to the everyday conflicts faced by individuals in relationships and how they handle the conflict. The scale was introduced by Tammy L. Zacchill, purpose of this scale is to measure conflict experienced by individuals in romantic relationships. The study aims at seeing the relationship between gender role attitudes and romantic partner conflict among males.
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Butovskaya, M. L., and E. B. Guchinova. "Men and Women in Contemporary Kalmykia: Traditional Gender Stereotypes and Reality." Inner Asia 3, no. 1 (2001): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146481701793647741.
Анотація:
AbstractKalmyk social life has been transformed over the 20th century, and this article documents changes specifically in the sexual division of labour and gender relations. Previous social norms (which differed from widely-held suppositions aboutmale dominance in all spheres of life)were drastically altered by the Soviet regime, changing work patterns and living conditions for both sexes. The article focuses mainly on Post-Socialist transformations, which are discussed through analysis of field-data concerning Kalmyk children. It was found that there are significant differences between the play activities of boys and girls, the gender norms they uphold, and the actual patterns of relations between men and women found among adults. The gender norms children uphold in speech are stereotyped and more ‘conservative’ than either their own behaviour or that of their parents. Nevertheless, observation of boys and girls at play showed definite differences in aggressiveness and responsiveness, the types of games preferred, and patterns of inter-relations among / between the sexes, and the article concludes that human behavioural universals may be evident here.
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Walsh, J. Andy, Lindsey C. Blom, Jocelyn Bolin, and Sharon Bowman. "Factors Relating to College Football Players’ Conformity to Traditional Masculine Norms." Journal of Men’s Studies 29, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10608265211004557.
Анотація:
Conforming to masculine norms can lead to depression and anxiety in men. Athletic identity may affect conformity to masculine norms, specifically in college football players. This study explored the relationships among conformity to masculine norms, athletic identity, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being in 110 male college football players. The main findings convey as football players’ conformity to masculine norms increase, their athletic identity increases while their personal growth, life satisfaction and positive relationships decrease. This was specifically true for the areas of conformity to norms related to sexual relationships, winning, and emotional control/expression; as conformity scores to these norms increased, experiences with positive relationships and personal growth decreased. Furthermore, athletes who played football longer and older were less likely to conform to the norms around emotional control, than athletes with less football experience or younger in age. No group differences were found.
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Alesina, Alberto, Paola Giuliano, and Nathan Nunn. "On the Origins of Gender Roles: Women and the Plough *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 128, no. 2 (May 1, 2013): 469–530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjt005.
Анотація:
Abstract The study examines the historical origins of existing cross-cultural differences in beliefs and values regarding the appropriate role of women in society. We test the hypothesis that traditional agricultural practices influenced the historical gender division of labor and the evolution of gender norms. We find that, consistent with existing hypotheses, the descendants of societies that traditionally practiced plough agriculture today have less equal gender norms, measured using reported gender-role attitudes and female participation in the workplace, politics, and entrepreneurial activities. Our results hold looking across countries, across districts within countries, and across ethnicities within districts. To test for the importance of cultural persistence, we examine the children of immigrants living in Europe and the United States. We find that even among these individuals, all born and raised in the same country, those with a heritage of traditional plough use exhibit less equal beliefs about gender roles today.
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Mukherjee, Arghya Kusum. "Traditional institutions and female labor force participation." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-07-2016-0199.
Анотація:
Purpose In general, the return from participation in MNREGA will be highest for those women whose mobility and social interaction is least impeded by conservative social norms. However, if any intervention enhances knowledge base, or challenges traditional norms of gender, then return from that intervention may be highest for those women impede most by conservative social norms. It may be interpreted as non-monotonic effect of restrictedness across caste and religion. The purpose of this paper is to examine non-monotonicity hypothesis of social restrictedness for the intervention MNREGA. Design/methodology/approach Using primary data from three districts of West Bengal, the paper has tried to see whether there exists any non-monotonic effect of restrictedness on household’s “expenditure on consumption,” “expenditure on temptation good,” “expenditure on women’s health” and “expenditure on children’s education and health” across castes and religion. The sample is relatively homogeneous in terms of socio economic status, but differs in affiliation to castes and religion. Findings As a result of participating the labor force through MNREGA, the contribution of women to household earnings increases, which may potentially increase their bargaining power within the household. The conventional notion is that women who are least fettered by social norms should get maximum benefits of participation in MNREGA. However, the analysis shows that women of upper caste (UC) community have been able to exercise the highest level of agency in allocating household resources compared to the women of scheduled caste community. It substantiates the non-monotonicity of restrictedness of social norms across castes and religions. Agency of Muslim women has not increased significantly compared to the UC women. Research limitations/implications The study suffers from usual limitations of sampling. Originality/value There is hardly any study deciphering MNREGA from the perspective of caste, religion and gender.
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Kroshus, Emily, Christine M. Baugh, Cynthia J. Stein, S. Bryn Austin, and Jerel P. Calzo. "Concussion reporting, sex, and conformity to traditional gender norms in young adults." Journal of Adolescence 54 (January 2017): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.11.002.
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Walker, Marquita R. "Gender Bias in Employment." Advances in Social Work 20, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): xiii—xvi. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24867.
Анотація:
Gender bias in employment is not a new phenomenon. The historical devalued status of women and equity-seeking groups preserved in cultural and social gendered roles permeates the workplace and contributes to institutional structures which are fashioned by and reproduced through traditional norms and mores relegating women and equity-seeking groups to secondary status roles. The question then becomes is the continuation of these reinforced structural norms in the best long-term interest of all humanity? What are we giving up when we relegate over half of the world’s population to secondary and devalued status? What gains could be made if all workers were given the same opportunities, supports, and encouragements to reach their full potential.
Дисертації з теми "Traditional gender norms":
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O'Neill, Patricia. "Chinese daughters negotiating contemporary norms and traditional filial obligation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:82c7fd13-1f64-467a-8756-779363c8c98e.
Анотація:
In the past, Chinese normative values deprived daughters of education, choice and autonomy, relegating them to a dependent domestic role within a rigid family hierarchy. This is no longer the norm. Today, Chinese daughters are widely educated and many are working outside the home, becoming financial assets to their families. Despite this, gendered expectations concerning filial obligation have not abated, and perhaps surprisingly given their modern lifestyles and financial contributions, Chinese daughters continue to accept this responsibility, including caregiving for ageing parents. The aim of this thesis is to explore the nature of the current caregiving paradigm between Chinese daughters, their parents and parents-in-law. It seeks to understand why Chinese daughters continue to undertake filial obligation when they are no longer dependent on the family; how they manage the practical discharge of filial obligation; and the ways in which traditional filial obligation have shifted. In furtherance of this exploration, in 2011 and 2012, 58 Chinese women and 6 Filipina domestic helpers were interviewed in Hong Kong and Singapore. Thematic analysis was performed on the transcribed data. Symbolic interactionism, caregiving motivation models, and Hochschild's (1983) theory of emotion management provided the conceptual and theoretical framework for the research. Drawing from the data, a support and care typology was developed reflecting the varying levels of daughters' filial support and their motivations for providing this support. Among these respondents, the core belief in "duty" has not fundamentally changed from that of their parents' generation. However, feelings of affection and gratitude, the strength of traditional or contemporary norms, and one’s self-image together with emotion work, moderated the duration and quality of care daughters were willing to provide. These factors may also determine whether caregiving is outsourced to foreign domestic helpers, or whether parents and in-laws are placed in nursing homes, and the nature of care provided thereafter.
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Yakubova, Parvina. "The Effects of Traditional Gender Norms on the Fate of Girls' Education in Tajikistan." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31832.
Анотація:
Tajikistan is the only post-Soviet republic that went through a civil war after the collapse of the Soviet Union, which negatively impacted all aspects of the country as well as education, particularly girls’ education. The limitations on Tajik girls’ education are due to economics and gender norms that are critical factors. This paper highlights the girls’ education condition in the period from 1995 to 2019, which is the post-war period, in the capital city, Dushanbe, and rural areas of the country. The review answered why girls most likely choose family life (marriage and children) rather than pursuing higher education in their life. In order to study this issue, the study used primary data. This paper studied the traditional culture (gender norms) factor as a barrier to keep girls out of school while providing the context of the social and occurred political changes during the post-war to the present time.
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Jones-Virma, Marit. "Women’s rights movements in Ethiopia : The role of activism via social media on traditional gender norms and attitudes." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45304.
Анотація:
The main aim of this Degree Project was to investigate the role of social media for women’s rights movements in Ethiopia, specifically for the #MeTooEthiopia movement, and whether utilising social media in their operations and mobilisations has enhanced the movements’ ability to raise awareness and challenge traditional gender norms. The research was investigated through the lens of digital activism and via the logic of connective action, by utilising in-depth semi-structured interviews with women’s rights activists in Ethiopia and overseas and undertaking a review of the #MeTooEthiopia movement social media platforms. Through the interviews, it was possible to identify numerous benefits and challenges relating to the country-specific cultural, social and economic context that women’s rights movements in Ethiopia have to operate in. For the #MeTooEthiopia movement specifically, operating an international movement within this context has been challenging, however due to its ability to diversify and adopt to both new and traditional communication technologies, the movement has been able to sustain its momentum and remain active in their attempt to raise awareness and challenge traditional gender norms. The findings also demonstrate that for contemporary women’s rights movements in Ethiopia, raising awareness and bringing along attitudinal change cannot be accomplished by only utilising new technologies. Rather, it is necessary to combine activism via social media with traditional forms of communication, including face-to-face meetings, to be able to have a reach across the wider society.
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Arán, Paula Daniella. "Overcoming Gender Stereotypes: A Depiction of Six Swedish Students in Non-Traditional Fields." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33422.
Анотація:
The study investigates the factors that encouraged six Swedish students to choose a femaleor male-dominated field of study in higher education. This is of interest as gender normsand stereotypes may inflict and limit students' educational choices. The purpose is likewiseto elucidate the educational choices from a gender perspective. The study explores twoquestions: “Which factors may have encouraged the students to opt for a non-traditionalcareer?” “How can the students’ educational choices be understood from a genderperspective?”. To fulfil the purpose and question of issue a qualitative method was used,including female and male students aged 22–36. For the analyse of the interviews, the studyrelies on the theoretical framework of Linda Gottfredson – The Theory of Circumscription,Compromise and Self-Creation, Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) by Lent, Brown &Hackett and The Stereotypical Gender Contract by Hirdman. The results indicate thatstudents' non-traditional educational choices consist of both internal and external factors.On the one hand, it is possible to find explanations in upbringings that have been moretolerant regarding gender roles. It has also been shown that several of the students invarious ways have been exposed to the profession through past experiences. Nevertheless,there are also personal motives that led to the choice of education as well as a supportivenetwork in form of family members and significant persons in the environment. From agender perspective, this means that the students, through their upbringing, where it appearsto have been less strict attitudes concerning gender roles, also contributed to lessrestrictions on their educational choice. On the other hand, the results imply that harmfulgender norms and stereotypes still affect students’ choice of occupation why more work isneeded in order to stop these negative patterns.
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Miller, Alise N. "Undesirable." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1594841610444696.
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Cele, Thabile Lorraine Sheila. "Do men have any influence in stopping women and girls from undergoing FGM in Sierra Leone? The case of Mabonkani Village in Bombali District." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415561.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT “FGM is known to have no health benefits and has serious, immediate and long-term physical and psychological health consequences, which can be severe, including post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety and reduced desire or sexual satisfaction” (28 Too Many, 2014, p5). This master thesis is an attempt to gain male perspectives in strategies to eradicate Female Genital Mutilation, FGM. The aim is to gain an understanding on how men view the concept of FGM in relation to existing norms such as gender, social and international norms. Literature tends to focus less on men’s roles and views compared to on women´s for how to end FGM. The male perspective is very important especially as literature shows that cultural practices in most cases benefit men compared to women as is shown in the case of FGM. Men are held in high esteem as the ones with a final deciding voice in the homes, institutions and the general community. This was also the case in the village of Mabonkani. Men hold powers to enable or prohibit actions and practices. Therefore, if FGM is to end, men can, because of their positionality spearhead effective campaigns and awareness raising messages. Focus groups and interviews were used to obtain information. The empirical findings were analysed and categorised and then presented in tables, graphs and themes. The findings revealed a conflictual decision making that men face if/when they decide to abandon FGM as it is heavily tied to their cultural and social identity. Abandoning the practice also means that they face ostracism by their own community members, loss of identity as a family man and community member, breaking up social cohesion among other reasons. Men are keen on ending FGM after lengthy discussions on its complications at a personal and social level. Men expressed that they preferred the training of women than the removal of clitoris. They offered various solutions including sending girls to schools to address issues of informed consent/age as well as getting young people to be more involved in and to include all actors instead of picking just a few. The views of household men and youth were different. The youth embraced international norms. They suggested that it is up to them to change the future of the next generation through the information available and they no longer claim ignorance about FGM as was the case earlier. All men interviewed cited challenges of identity, ostracism by their own community and lack of national laws to support their actions. The analysis looked at the human rights approach, how local communities can be influenced to abandon traditional harmful practices in favour of international norms that will promote gender equality and breakdown structural and systematic norms that discriminate.
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Brinkman, Inge. "Kikuyu gender norms and narrative /." Leiden : Research school CNWS, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37712892x.
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Algotsson, Anna. "Transgression and Tradition : Redefining Gender Roles in Elizabeth Gaskell´s North and South." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119026.
Анотація:
This essay argues that Elizabeth Gaskell challenges the limiting gender roles of the Victorian era through giving her heroine, Margaret Hale in North and South, both the traditionally female qualities of virtue and selflessness and the traditionally masculine qualities of independence and action. The essay also argues that Gaskell’s heroine balances between the feminine and the masculine world as to not appear “unwomanly”, but rather subtly influencing the readers and calls for changing gender norms. Concrete examples of the heroine’s gender transgressions are put forward, but also her compliance to the traditional gender roles summed up in three roles or themes: the angel in the house, the female visitor and the refined lady. This essay also provides a didactic approach on working with North and South and the topic of Victorian gender norms in the upper secondary school. The relevance of and reasons for reading literature in school are also presented. The didactic chapter offers a concrete lesson plan on how to work with the theme of Victorian gender norms, which may develop students’ emphatic skills and also make them aware of ties between themselves and people that lived a long time ago.
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Sexton, Jonathan Merle. "Why can't we just play ball? An exploration of how collegiate female athletes experience traditional gender norm expectations." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3187.
Анотація:
The purpose of this dissertation study was to explore how traditional gender norms influence the daily experiences of female student-athletes. The following research question framed this study: How do collegiate female basketball players experience traditional gender norm expectations in relation to their sport? A combination of sources focused on gender norms and athletics informed this study, including previous research, mass media publications and documentaries, and the researcher's individual experiences with gender norms in organized athletics. To explore the research question, six National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (D-I) female basketball players were interviewed to provide phenomenological data focused on their individual experiences with gender norms in college basketball. Semi-structured interviews utilizing a feminist phenomenological qualitative design were completed via Skype™. A phenomenological approach was employed to focus on the meaning of events experienced by people in specific situations. The feminist lens ensured that the study framed gender as a fluid concept consisting of multiple intersections. The six participants in the study represented five different teams from a major NCAA conference. Almost all of the participants in the study attended a different major research university in the Midwest (two participants attended the same institution). Three major themes surfaced from data provided by participants. These themes include: (1) the challenge of meeting traditional gender expectations (2) contrasting gender expectations in athletic and non-athletic settings (3) the changing dynamic of gender perceptions in women's basketball. These themes focus on participants' experience of contrasting gender expectations in different settings. In athletic settings participants described rarely thinking about gender dynamics or expectations. Off the court, however, players described a stronger perception of expectations for how they should look and behave. Players described experiencing regular questions and assumptions about their gender identity (i.e. female, male, trans*) and / or sexual orientation (i.e. bisexual, gay, heterosexual, queer) when wearing loose fitting basketball sweats during the day. While players rarely thought about conforming to a gender identity or role on the court, they did describe frustrations with an imbalance of media coverage between men's and women's athletics. Based on the findings of this study, recommendations for higher education practice include (1) providing training and educational opportunities for student-athletes, coaches, and administrators focused on gender socialization and subsequent perceptions of student-athletes (2) developing mentoring programs pairing new recruits with veteran players to help acclimate new student-athletes to the demands of the NCAA season, and to explore the impact of traditional gender norm expectations on student-athletes and (3) developing mass media or social media campaigns to help encourage positive recruiting practices in women's basketball and to discourage recruiters focusing on the gender identity or sexual orientation of players and coaches on other teams as a means of lowering interest in those programs.
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Matri, Khaoula. "Port du voile : représentations et pratiques du corps chez les femmes tunisiennes." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H005/document.
Анотація:
Cette recherche portant sur Port du voile : représentations et pratiques du corps chez les femmes tunisiennes vise à comprendre les processus qui président à la conversion des femmes tunisiennes, réputées parmi les plus modernes et les plus émancipées du monde musulman, au port de l'une ou l'autre des formes du voile dit islamique. Elle a adopté pour cela une démarche combinant (1) l'analyse socio-anthropologique concernant la production sociale du « corps féminin », l'adoption-adaptation des normes relatives à la conduite féminine dans les sociétés de traditions islamiques, (2) les approches historiques, théologiques et politiques relatives au port du voile dans le contexte actuel de la mondialisation et des crispations identitaires qui en sont le corollaire, (3) l’étude empirique sur la base d’une enquête qualitative auprès de femmes converties au port du voile, pour comprendre leurs motivations, leurs stratégies, les usages qu'elles en font dans différent espaces publics qui leur étaient interdits par les traditions qu'elles mobilisent pour le justifier. Ce travail a permis de saisir, par delà les références et les motivations idéologiques partagées par les adeptes du voile, la diversité du phénomène au niveau de ses formes comme au niveau de ses usages et des significations qui lui sont associées par les acteurs, que ce soit en termes de rapports entre modernité et tradition, sécularisation et réactivation des formes de religiosité, libération et aliénation, affirmation individuelle et réflexe grégaireThis research sheds lights on veiling: representations and body practices among Tunisian women. the target of this research is to understand the process which reigns the perception of Tunisian women- who are renewed to be the most modern and the most emancipated in the Islamic world – of different forms of veil which is associated to Islam.In order to carry out this research ,she has opted an approach that combines (1) the socio-anthropological analysis concerning the social production of the "female body", adoption, adaptation of standards related to women’s behavior in the societies of Islamic traditions, Historical approaches, theology and policies focusing on veiling in the current context of globalization and identity crises .(3) the empirical study is based on a qualitative survey of women converted to veiling; the main target of this research is to understand their motivations, their strategies, and the practices which are getting different in public spaces. In fact, many practices were forbidden by the traditions are no longer forbidden today and veiled women tend to justify them. This research has allowed us to find out the references and the ideological motivations shared by veiled women and their followers;The research has also shed lights on The diversity of the phenomenon at the level of its forms as well as the uses and the meanings associated to it by the social actors, whether in terms of the relationship between modernity and tradition, secularism and reactivation of religion forms or in terms of liberation and alienation , self-assertion and gregarious reflex
Книги з теми "Traditional gender norms":
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Hellemans, Babette. Understanding Culture. Translated by Gioia Marini. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089649911.
Анотація:
This pioneering textbook explores the theoretical background of cultural variety, both in past and present. How is it possible to study 'culture' when the topic covers the arts, literature, movies, history, sociology, anthropology and gender studies? Understanding Culture examines the evolution of a concept with varying meanings depending on changing norms. Offering a long-duration analysis of the relationship between culture and nature, this book looks at the origins of studying culture from an international perspective. Using examples from the several scholarly traditions in the practice of studying culture, Understanding Culture is a key introduction to the area. It identifies the history of interpreting culture as a meeting point between the long-standing historical investigation of 'humanism' and 'postmodernism' and is a comprehensive resource for those who wish to further their engagement with culture as both a historical and contemporary phenomenon.
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Boyle, Deborah. Gender Roles and the Role of Nature. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190234805.003.0008.
Анотація:
Some scholars have argued that Cavendish was a feminist or proto-feminist. This chapter argues that Cavendish’s views on gender were actually quite conservative. Cavendish thought natural norms should guide people’s choices, and she believed women were naturally inferior to men. While Cavendish’s natural philosophy entails that natures are not fixed and that women are free to act differently than Nature prescribes, this chapter argues that Cavendish thought that violating gender norms would be irregular, unnatural, and a source of social instability. She believed women should conform to traditional feminine virtues and that women’s education should reinforce those virtues. Nonetheless, Cavendish also recognized how social institutions can limit women’s freedom. This chapter explores the complexities of Cavendish’s critique of one such institution, patriarchal marriage, arguing that despite her recognition that patriarchal marriages were nearly always bad for women, Cavendish believed marriage to be necessary for maintaining social order.
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Krook, Mona Lena, and Sarah Childs. Gender, Women, and Representation in State Politics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.402.
Анотація:
The main contribution of research on women, gender, and state-level politics has been the introduction of the concept of gender and an expansion of traditional definitions of politics. These studies have continued to expand over the years, opening up some major areas of research as well as introducing challenges to feminist research on women, gender, and state-level politics. Social movements are among the key topics of recent studies. This is due to the fact that women have been largely excluded from other arenas of political participation. Work on political parties links to another major area of study. Although wide-ranging, it can be separated into research on electing versus being elected. Furthermore, women’s voting behavior and the election of female candidates are often treated as important questions in themselves. Another line of work, however, seeks to go beyond political priorities and presence to examine concrete policy outcomes. This research can be divided into three sets of questions: the behavior of female policy actors, the gendered nature of public policies, and the creation and evolution of gender equality policies. A fifth major literature points to the relationship between women, gender, and the state. The state is a central actor and topic in political science. Focusing on state-society interactions, feminists have been interested in understanding how states influence gender relations and, conversely, how gendered norms and practices shape state policies.
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Marshall, Katherine. Gender Roles and Political, Social, and Economic Change in Bangladesh and Senegal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788553.003.0007.
Анотація:
This chapter compares secular and religious influences on evolving gender roles and norms in two long-standing democratically governed countries: Bangladesh and Senegal. A broadly moderate and tolerant character of Islam and generally constructive political engagement between political and religious leaders explain the relative success of these democratic institutions. Religious leaders have generally acquiesced in, if not actively supported, developments such as education for girls and health policies, but tensions have arisen with regard to family law, microcredit, and industrial employment. Religious leadership in both countries remains a male province, though significant groups of women (secular and religious) are contesting traditional religious teachings and tacit understandings of family and leadership. Backlash against women’s public roles and changing family dynamics in both countries is generally linked to more extremist interpretations of Islam, but there are broader conservative pressures, and thus challenging agendas ahead.
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Asadullah, M. Niaz, Nudrat Faria Shreya, and Zaki Wahhaj. Access to microfinance and female labour force participation. 30th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/968-6.
Анотація:
Although microfinance started as a movement to improve women’s economic well-being through increased female entrepreneurship in particular, its impact on women’s attitudes toward and participation in the labour market is not fully understood. We fill this gap by combining data on branch locations of the major microfinance institutions in Bangladesh with household survey data and implement a spatial regression discontinuity design. Our estimates suggest significant effects of access to credit on women’s work; attitudes towards gender, social and employment norms; and psychosocial well-being. Access to credit increases labour force participation in terms of paid employment and traditional economic participation. Relatedly, respondents are more likely to be prevented from working by their husbands or other household members. They are also more likely to express traditional beliefs in relation to gender, social, and employment norms. Finally, access to credit leads to a loss in life satisfaction, financial satisfaction, health satisfaction, and overall happiness.
6
Powers, Jack. The Inductive Risk of “Demasculinization”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190467715.003.0012.
Анотація:
That scientists should countenance non-epistemic values in their scientific practices has become widely accepted, in part on the basis of arguments from inductive risk. But traditional arguments from inductive risk have focused narrowly on the risk of making mistakes about the truth of hypotheses. This chapter argues that there are inductive risks associated with characterizational choices in science even when there are no mistakes about the truth of hypotheses. Using research into the endocrine-disrupting properties of the herbicide, atrazine, as a case study, this chapter shows how choosing to characterize the effects of atrazine using gendered language poses the risk of reinforcing problematic societal gender norms, while choosing to eschew the use of that gendered language poses risks with respect to environmental protection. The argument that such risks are inductive risks is supported by an analysis of the concept of induction found in traditional arguments from inductive risk.
7
Stone, Ken. Marriage and Sexual Relations in the World of the Hebrew Bible. Edited by Adrian Thatcher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199664153.013.020.
Анотація:
The Hebrew Bible is sometimes understood as the source of a ‘traditional’ Judaeo-Christian approach to marriage and sexual practice. A comprehensive examination reveals, however, that biblical assumptions about sex, gender, and kinship are complex and internally diverse. Some of these assumptions stand in tension with traditional Jewish and Christian norms for marriage and sexual activity. This essay reviews such matters as the biblical vocabulary for, and representations of, marital relations; the status of women in households organized around fathers; the role of polygyny; differing standards for the sexual conduct of husbands, wives, and concubines; intermarriage and inter-ethnic sexual relations; prostitution; the use of sex and marriage within male contests for power and honour; the use of sexual and marital images in representations of Israel’s relationship to God; and the attitudes towards sex and gender found in less frequently read books of the Bible such as the Song of Songs.
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Koskoff, Ellen. Afterword. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037245.003.0012.
Анотація:
This concluding chapter explains how each of the articles in this collection illustrates an individual woman doing the work of feminism—that is, creating strategies that enable her to perform various identities, often in conjunction with so-called traditional ones, that resist and critique issues of gender within her specific context. Stripped of its theory, feminism is simply living a life guided by resistance to inherited or imposed gender norms, as found in specific cultural and historical moments. Feminist acts become political, in the sense of conscious activism, when they are explicit and public, voiced with the goal of social change. But, as feminists often remind people, every social act is political in some sense; how conscious the actor is of performing a political act, however, can vary considerably.
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Threat, Charissa J. The Quality of a Person. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039201.003.0006.
Анотація:
This chapter focuses on the Army Nurse Corps's (ANC) attempt to deal with not only civil rights activism but also women's rights and gender equality in a fast-changing society. Between the mid-1950s and the late 1960s, the ANC and its members simultaneously endorsed and impeded attempts to restructure race and gender roles and standards while endeavoring to meet the practical nursing needs of the U.S. Army. At the advent of the Vietnam War, following the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the ANC represented a new frontier of integration in the labor force. Yet the reality of the situation proved more complex. This chapter examines integration issues within the ANC in relation to the complicated nature of a broader domestic civil rights struggle. It shows that changing military policies regarding the race and sex of military nurses reveal a recurring negotiation between traditional race and gender relationships and shifting cultural norms.
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McCammon, Holly J., Allison McGrath, David J. Hess, and Minyoung Moon. Women, Leadership, and the U.S. Environmental Movement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190265144.003.0014.
Анотація:
This chapter discusses modes of women’s leadership in the US environmental movement over the past one hundred years, expanding the definition of leadership beyond simply the formal head of large environmental organizations. During the early and mid-twentieth century, women-only organizations contributed to broadening the conservation movement, and a diverse set of women’s groups engaged in creating healthier environments in urban areas. Women’s leadership in contemporary environmentalism helped expand the movement by pushing gender, racial, ethnic, and class boundaries. Women became leaders of mainstream environmental groups, led efforts for environmental justice, developed ecofeminism, and participated in direct-action environmentalism. The chapter concludes that examining women’s environmental leadership reveals similarities and differences in women’s leadership over time, women’s ongoing struggles against traditional gender norms, the broad diversity of women leading in the movement, and women’s significant influence on the environmentalism and the environment itself.
Частини книг з теми "Traditional gender norms":
1
McCleary, Kate S. "Enactments of Youth Agency to Resist, Transgress, and Undo Traditional Gender Norms in Honduras." In Education and Youth Agency, 103–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33344-1_6.
2
Erlinghagen, Marcel. "Migration Motives, Timing, and Outcomes of Internationally Mobile Couples." In IMISCOE Research Series, 157–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67498-4_9.
Анотація:
AbstractThis chapter presents analyses of data from the first wave of the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS) to explore the role of gender differences in migration motives, patterns, and outcomes in recently emigrated or remigrated couples. The results show that emigration of couples follows a traditional gender pattern with leading men and trailing women. However, we also found important evidence that remigration patterns do not follow these traditional gender norms. The decision towards and the timing of remigration within couples is led by women independent of age, education, migration experience, migration motives, and personality traits. Turning to migration outcomes, we find evidence for at least some psychological burden for women. When women are the trailing partner with respect to emigration or remigration decisions, they report a decrease in overall life satisfaction as well as an increase in perceived social isolation after migration. However, under some circumstances men also suffer psychologically. Specifically, men who have remigrated in advance of their female partners report lower life satisfaction and higher perceived isolation.
3
Evertsson, Marie, Eva Jaspers, and Ylva Moberg. "Parentalization of Same-Sex Couples: Family Formation and Leave Rights in Five Northern European Countries." In The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy, 397–428. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2_16.
Анотація:
AbstractThis chapter introduces the concept of parentalization, defined as the ability to become parents and be recognized as such, both legally and via social policies. Applying the concept to same-sex couples, we examine how states may facilitate or hinder the transition to parenthood through laws and policies in five Northern European countries; Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the Netherlands. Trends in the number of children zero years of age in married/cohabiting same-sex couples suggest a link between parentalization and realized parenthood. As partly indicated by these trends, parentalization is a gendered concept, and parenthood is more readily available to some couples than to others. Perhaps most importantly, very few same-sex couples have been able to jointly adopt a child. The fact that married female couples face fewer barriers to parentalization than other non-traditional couples partly reflects dominant norms on gender and motherhood.
4
Pachauri, Saroj, Ash Pachauri, and Komal Mittal. "Understanding Health Needs of Transgender." In SpringerBriefs in Public Health, 27–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4578-5_3.
Анотація:
AbstractTransgenders are individuals whose gender identity does not conform to gender norms and expectations traditionally associated with their sex assigned at birth. It is an identity or expression when gender differs from sex. Those who have medical interventions to transition from one sex to another identify as transsexuals.
5
Kong, Camillia. "African Personhood, Humanism, and Critical Sankofaism: The Case of Male Suicide in Ghana." In International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice, 85–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_10.
Анотація:
AbstractSuicide in Ghana is criminalised and those who survive suicide attempts are subject to significant social condemnation. Paradoxically, studies show that male suicide is often driven by individuals’ strong sense of responsibility to meet social norms and expectations around gender as well as the internalisation of societal views that death would be preferable to shame and disgrace. This contradiction prompts a critical re-examination of the communitarian tradition of African personhood which posits an intimate link between the individual attainment of socially affirmed roles and the status of personhood. Through an analysis of the Akan concept of critical sankofaism I suggest that African approaches to suicide may draw upon important adaptive, critical resources internal to African cultural values, thus highlighting the progressive potential of the African tradition. I show specifically how male gender norms and societal responses to suicide attempts distort core humanistic values at the heart of African communitarian personhood.
6
"Traditional Norms of Masculinity." In Transformations of Gender and Race, 92–94. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203047699-9.
7
"Traditional Gender Norms and the Legal Framework Limit Women’s Agency." In Opening Doors, 55–92. The World Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/9780821397633_ch02.
8
Duffy, Brooke Erin. "The Aspirational Ethos: Gender, Consumerism, and Labor." In (Not) Getting Paid to Do What You Love. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300218176.003.0002.
Анотація:
This chapter argues that the gendered history of the producer/consumer binary is a multifarious one, structured through evolving norms about women's social positioning within various spheres, most especially the public and private domains. Fortunately, these rudimentary—and overwhelmingly patriarchal—norms have been challenged on a number of fronts, and once-airtight boundaries are being slowly effaced. Yet the specter of traditional, gender-based divisions lingers on. Thus, while female workers have made substantial gains in the labor force since the women's liberation movement, occupational inequalities and social hierarchies persist—though they are much too often brushed aside with narratives about innate “gender differences” or, alternatively, “pipeline problems.”
9
Britton, Hannah E. "People." In Ending Gender-Based Violence, 74–97. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043093.003.0004.
Анотація:
During the democratic transition, the South African women’s movement focused on creating governmental institutions for women’s empowerment. However, these institutions have not been sufficient to ensure social change. This chapter examines the stories of community leaders who are attempting to fill in the gaps and to address gender-based violence, as well as the stories of community organizers, religious leaders, and tradition leaders who challenge patterns of violence in homes, relationships, and communities. Relying on individual leaders and policy advocates is a tenuous model, given that success is linked to people rather than institutions, and people are not permanent. Similarly, while many community leaders break with “traditional” ideas of male superiority, others continue to deploy these norms to the detriment of women’s empowerment.
10
and, Michelson. "Gender Roles, Masculinity, and Support for Transgender Rights." In Transforming Prejudice, 83–108. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190068882.003.0004.
Анотація:
Prejudice against transgender people is often linked to traditional or even toxic conceptualizations of gender and gender identity and particularly to norms and expression of masculinity. Attitudes toward transgender people and rights are deeply divided by gender, with lower levels of support among men, and also by attitudes about traditional gender roles. Two experiments provide evidence that among men, threats to masculinity generate greater opposition to transgender people and rights while reassurances of masculinity generate greater support, particularly for support of transgender military service. Consistent with expectations, women who are exposed to information threatening or reassuring them of their femininity tend not to be affected.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Traditional gender norms":
1
Kostyk, Liubov, and Vasyl Kostyk. "Formation of Gender Identity of Preschoolers is an Important Aspect of Socialisation of an Individual." In ATEE 2020 - Winter Conference. Teacher Education for Promoting Well-Being in School. LUMEN Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/atee2020/15.
Анотація:
Children's gender perceptions are actively formed in preschool age and are an integral component of person's gender identity. The formation of sexual identity of a child continues from 2 to 7 years, and the formation of his/her imagination occurs in the process of socialization through: identification, imitation, following, modeling, direction, self-determination, encouragement, self-acceptance, self-reflection, cognitive dissonance. Child masters the social norms, patterns of behavior and cultural values of his/her nation. The gender approach to the upbringing of the preschool children should be focused on the formation and establishment of equal, gender-independent opportunities for self-realization of the individual. However as practical experience shows, the gender component and its methodological data are insufficient in terms of the content of preschool education. In preschool institutions, gender education takes place spontaneously, educators use the traditional approach to forming child's self-esteem and his stereotypes of self-perception only on the basis of gender, so it is important today to pay more attention to gender education and socialization. Experimentally it has been investigated the peculiarities of gender and age identification of the preschoolers of the preschool institution of a combined type #9 of the city of Chernivtsi. According to the research, the greater part of children of 5-6 years old are aware of their belonging to the male or female sex, having the already formed gender identity. Gender perceptions of preschool children are gender-appropriate: girls’ - feminine, and boys’ – masculine. In addition, they are stereotypical: boys have instrumental role, girls-expressive.
2
Dobrokhleb, V., O. Efanova та Marina, Pisklakova-Parker. "ГЕНДЕРНЫЙ АСПЕКТ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЭКОЛОГОКУЛЬТУРНЫХ НОРМ ПОВСЕДНЕВНОСТИ". У Perspektivy social`no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiia prigranichnyh regionov 2019. Институт экономики - обособленное подразделение Федерального исследовательского центра "Карельский научный центр Российской академии наук", 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36867/br.2019.33.76.013.
Анотація:
Статья посвящена анализу гендерных аспектов повседневного поведения населения в экологической сфере. На основе результатов опроса населения Республики Карелия выявлена большая активность женщин в формировании экологокультурных норм повседневности, которая проявляется в большей обеспокоенности экологической ситуацией в стране и регионе, ее влиянием на здоровье, более активном участии в природосберегающих практиках, инициировании создания новых экологических традиций в семье, что позволяет рассматривать активность женщин в экологической сфере как один из важных факторов противодействия надвигающейся экологической катастрофы. The article is devoted to the analysis of gender aspects of everyday behavior of the population in the environmental sphere. Based on the results of a survey of the population of the Republic of Karelia revealed a great activity of women in the formation of environmental and cultural norms of everyday life, which is manifested in greater concern about the environmental situation in the country and the region, its impact on health, more active participation in conservation practices, initiating the creation of new environmental traditions in the family, which allows us to consider the activity of women in the environmental sphere as one of the important factors to counter the impending environmental disaster.
Звіти організацій з теми "Traditional gender norms":
1
Carter, Becky. Gender Inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.062.
Анотація:
This rapid review examines evidence on the structural causes and drivers of gender inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood region and how these gender inequalities contribute to instability in the region. While the Eastern Neighbourhood region performs relatively well on gender equality compared with the rest of the world, women and girls continue to face systemic political and economic marginalisation and are vulnerable to gender-based violence. Research on Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Moldova identifies the key underlying cause to be a set of traditional patriarchal gender norms, intersecting with conservative religious identities and harmful customary practices. These norms do not operate in isolation: the literature highlights that gender inequalities are caused by the interplay of multiple factors (with women’s unequal economic resources having a critical effect), while overlapping disadvantages affect lived experiences of inequalities. Other key factors are the region’s protracted conflicts; legal reform gaps and implementation challenges; socio-economic factors (including the impact of COVID-19); and governance trends (systemic corruption, growing conservatism, and negative narratives influenced by regional geopolitics). Together these limit women and girls’ empowerment; men and boys are also affected negatively in different ways, while LGBT+ people have become a particular target for societal discrimination in the region. Global evidence – showing that more gender unequal societies correlate with increased instability – provides a frame of reference for the region’s persistent gender inequalities.
2
Carter, Becky. Strengthening Gender Equality in Decision-making in Somaliland. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.078.
Анотація:
This rapid review searched for literature on how and why women continue to struggle in Somaliland to achieve formal political representation and to take on informal decision-making roles on local peace and political matters, from community to national levels. Women’s participation in peacebuilding and political decision-making in Somaliland is very limited. A key barrier is the clan system underpinning Somaliland’s political settlement. Entrenched and politicised, patriarchal clans exclude women (and other minority groups) from formal and customary leadership and decision-making roles. Other contributing factors are conservative religious attitudes and traditional gender norms. Structural inequalities – such as low levels of education, lack of funds, and high levels of violence towards women and girls – impede women’s participation. Some women are more disempowered than others, such as women from minority clans and internally displaced women. However, there is increasing disillusionment with clan politicisation and a growing recognition of women’s value. There are opportunities for framing gender equality in local cultural and religious terms and supporting grassroots activism.