Статті в журналах: "Translational studies"

1

Özmen, Ceyda. "Beyond the Book: The Periodical as an ‘Excavation Site’ for Translation Studies." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 11, no. 1 (August 6, 2019): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/tc29447.

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The present study starts with a theoretical and methodological discussion in an effort to approach the periodical as a composite genre formed through a range of interacting discourses and networks including translations and translators. It traces the position and role of translation and translators within the broader makeup of the periodical and its metanarrative. In light of the framework outlined in the first part, the second part elaborates on a popular, long-lasting Turkish film magazine, Yıldız [Star] (1938-1954) as a translational product and institution. The analysis of a film magazine as a case study adds further layers to the study and allows for multidisciplinary cross-fertilization and dialogue across translation, periodical, and film studies. Siting Yıldız vis-à-vis the socio-cultural and political context of the era and a large network of relations, this part reveals the substantial contribution of the translational habitus of the magazine to the construction and maintenance of its “common habitus” (Bourdieu 273; Philpotts). It also becomes evident that translation does not only contribute to the formation of the heteroglossic structure of Yıldız but also plays a significant part in shaping its metanarrative, which is highly relevant to the Turkish experience of American modernity presented by classical Hollywood films and stardom. Keywords: translation history, periodical studies, film magazine, translational habitus, common habitus

2

Dizdar, Dilek. "Translational transitions: “Translation proper” and translation studies in the humanities." Translation Studies 2, no. 1 (January 2009): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14781700802496274.

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3

Kaveyaninia, Zeinab, Dianoosh Sanei, and Reza Hajimohammadi. "Evaluation of Cultural and Ideological Manipulations in Four Persian Translations of Jhumpa Lahiri’s Hell-Heaven." International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 5, no. 4 (October 31, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.5n.4p.53.

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The present paper examined cultural and ideological implications in translation studies. For this purpose, four Persian translations of Hell-Heaven were chosen. Hell-Heaven is a story adopted from “Unaccustomed Earth” (2008), written by the Indian-American writer, Jhumpa Lahiri. Therefore, the translations were explored to detect translators’ ideological shifts; in the way that all components of translations were pondered to detect translational adaptations chosen by four translators. The result showed that translators had adopted translational strategies such as addition, deletion and substitution to deal with American and Indian’s cultural and ideological differences.

4

Mossop, Brian. "A Translator’s Wanderings in TranslationStudiesWorld." TTR 30, no. 1-2 (May 31, 2019): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1060019ar.

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This semi-autobiographical article reflects on the discipline known as Translation Studies from the point of view of the author, who was a full-time Canadian government translator from 1974 to 2014, but also taught and wrote about translation. The narrative begins with the emergence of Translation Studies in Canada and in Europe and continues through the present neoliberal era, with reflection on a variety of topics including the English name of the discipline, the lack of definition of an object of study, the original role of the journal Meta, and the notion of translation as applied linguistics. The last section considers two fictive scenarios in which Translation Studies does not emerge, and translation is studied, right from the start, in ways much more closely linked to the translation profession, with a focus on translators rather than translations, and therefore on translational production rather than the analysis of completed translations.

5

Kulwicka-Kamińska, Joanna. "Wielopoziomowe relacje między literaturą religijną Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego a przekładami Biblii na języki narodowe." Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza 25, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsj.2018.25.2.10.

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The article presents the genesis and the features of the Renaissance religious writings of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the context of the translations of the Bible into national languages. An analysis was performed on a Tatar tefsir, which – according to the most recent research – is a translation of the Qur’an into a European language – the third translation of this kind in the world. Due to the fact that in the 16th century a Polish and even a European Qur’anic translational tradition did not exist, this translation makes reference to the Biblical-psalter literature of the Middle Ages and to the translations of the Scripture of the Reformation, inter alia as far as the selection of the methods and the ways of translation or the adoption of specific translational solutions is concerned. Thus the translation belongs to the translational tradition of sacred books and to the most important trends of Polish and European culture. In this context, a medieval tradition (a continuation of the achievements of translation studies of the 15th c.) and the innovation of the Renaissance overlap. There is an analogy with the 16th-century Biblical printed texts, which also represent a transitional stage – they make reference to a medieval tradition and they also take advantage of the benefits of humanist Biblical studies.

6

Wilss, Wolfram. "Interdisciplinarity in Translation Studies." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 11, no. 1 (November 5, 1999): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.11.1.07wil.

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Abstract This article is aimed at clarifying the concept of interdisciplinarity in Translation Studies (TS). It concentrates on three aspects of possible interdisciplinary TS research: cultural studies, psychological issues, and technological aspects (machine translation). Depending on the kind of information-processing devices which translators have, and the amount of intellectual abilities which a specific translation task requires, there will emerge a relatively realistic picture of what translational information-processing is like and which type of interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary research would secure efficient translator performance.

7

Dimitroulia, Titika. "On the translational turn: Translation Studies as a global project." Punctum. International Journal of Semiotics 1, no. 2 (2015): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18680/hss.2015.0020.

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8

Schneider, Kellyanna, Courtney Strecker, Kimberly Iceman, and Teresa Pitts. "Translation of Clinical Dysphagia Scales for Use in Translational Studies." FASEB Journal 34, S1 (April 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.07296.

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9

Serpa, Talita, Celso Fernando Rocha, and Diva Cardoso De Camargo. "The Goodland & Colchie’s Stylistic Pattern in a Translational Process for Brazilianisms compared with Brazilian Literary Works present in Translational English Corpus (Tec)." Tradterm 33 (May 17, 2019): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-9511.v33i0p5-25.

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This article aims at analyzing possible stylistic patterns related to the translational process of brazilianisms present in a Darcy Ribeiro’s work, Maíra (1978), comparing it to other translations of Brazilian publications which integrate the Translational English Corpus (TEC). We base our research on canonical works of Corpus-Based Translation Studies (OLOHAN: 2001; BAKER: 1992 1993 1995; CAMARGO: 2005 2007), as well as of Terminology (FAULSTICH: 1995 2001 2002; BARBOSA: 2006), in order to investigate the sociocultural data by the use of WordSmith Tools - version 4.0 (SCOTT: 2004) and TEC Tools. We intend to promote a reflexive observation of brazilianisms, with regard to variation and loans, providing subsidies for the comprehension of translation as a social and linguistic behaviour.

10

Schjoldager, Anne. "Interpreting Research and the 'Manipulation School' of Translation Studies." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 7, no. 12 (January 4, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v7i12.24927.

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This article examines, explains and puts into perspective what others have dubbed the ‘Manipulation School’. This group of scholars see themselves as working within descriptive translation studies (DTS), as defined by Holmes (1975), and their main methodological tool is a search for translational norms, first proposed by Toury (1980a). The article then explores how these ideas relate to current research on interpreting - especially Gile’s work - and it concludes that, with certain modifications, the theory of translational norms could be extended to interpreting.

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Abuissac, Shehda R. S., Ahmed Arifin Bin Sapar та Ali Gobaili Saged. "Pragmatic Interpretation and Translational Equivalence of Ironic Discourse in the Holy Qurʾan Based on SAT and EAT Theories: Arberry’s English Translation as a Case Study". Al-Bayān – Journal of Qurʾān and Ḥadīth Studies 18, № 1 (5 травня 2020): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22321969-12340080.

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Abstract This paper discusses and examines intercultural differences between the Arabic use of ironic language in the Quran and its English translation equivalents by Arberry. The data samples of the study are methodologically classified and interpreted in accordance with Haverkate’s “Speech Acts Theory of Irony” (SATI), the “Echoic Account Theory” by Sperber and Wilson, and Nida’s “Theory of Equivalence”. Throughout the application of pragmatic and translation theories, qualitative analysis is used. Analysis and interpretation led to the conclusion that Arabic traditional culture, semantically complex language concepts like polysemy, idiomatic multi-word expressions and, above all, emotive images play fundamental roles that are impeding the translations of ironic speech acts from the Qurʾan into adequate English equivalents. The study also shows how verbal irony intersects with other figures and tropes. Its interface produces a vast range of various functions and dissociative thoughts, while being open to many interpretations. Lastly, the study shows how translational techniques can mitigate, minimize and overcome the problems of corresponding equivalence. The study suggests future research into the role that discourse parameters play for the translational transfer of Qurʾanic ironic speech acts and for all other figurative language types that are interrelated with verbal irony.

12

Li, Wenjie. "The Canonization of Translated Literature: A Historical Review on the Chinese Translations of H. C. Andersen’s Tales." European Journal of Scandinavian Studies 49, no. 1 (April 24, 2019): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2019-0005.

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Abstract The influences that translational practice has on other social systems, especially literary polysystems have been attracting scholarly attention from both inside and outside translation studies. Translational activities are considered as a kind of cultural importation bringing new genres and styles of writing to the literary target polysystem. Besides, translation is also believed to be an integral means of canon formation, not only introducing a foreign literary work to the target audience but also making its way to the centre, that is the canon of the target literary polysystem. The present article will suggest a mechanism of canonization of translated literature on the basis of the investigation of influential factors in translation. The mechanism will then be applied to a historical review of the Chinese translations of H. C. Andersen’s tales, hoping to offer some insights into the dynamics and complexity of the canonization of translated literature and the roles that translational activities play in the process. The article also attempts to show that historical accounting of translation should be humanist. Perspectives taken by the narrator and other human factors are vital for the composition of a history of translation.

13

Bernaerts, Lars, Liesbeth De Bleeker, and July De Wilde. "Narration and translation." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 23, no. 3 (July 31, 2014): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947014536504.

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This opening essay of the special issue on ‘Narration and Translation’ discusses the overlaps between the fields of narratology and translation studies. The fact that translation scholars have merely skimmed the surface of narratological issues relevant for the study of translation can be understood within the context of early developments in translation studies. The first explicit use of narratological models in this discipline has grown out of unease with the extant focus on the macrostructural level of translations. In recent decades, translation scholars have begun to include narrative approaches in their research. Some conceptualize the translator’s discursive presence by referring to a model of narrative communication, or borrow concepts from narratology in order to analyse observed shifts in literary translations. Outside the domain of literary translation studies, scholars have looked into the way translation can refashion narratives in the real world. Conversely, narrative theories have rarely dealt with translational issues, even though they often rely on translations of literary texts. The issue as a whole wants to enhance the dialogue between narratology and translation studies. Each essay explores aspects of the relation between narration and translation.

14

Zwischenberger, Cornelia. "Translation as a metaphoric traveller across disciplines." Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts 3, no. 3 (October 16, 2017): 388–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttmc.3.3.07zwi.

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Abstract Translation, as a concept, may be regarded as a prototype of a ‘travelling concept’ as it has travelled to numerous disciplines in recent years. Therefore, a ‘translational turn’ was proclaimed for the humanities, cultural studies, and social sciences (cf. Bachmann-Medick 2007, 2009). Outside of translation studies, the use of the translation concept is not bound to “translation proper” (Jakobson 1959, 232) or to the way in which the concept is used and defined in translation studies. Consequently, ‘translation’ is usually used as a very broad metaphor in translation studies’ neighbouring disciplines and fields of research. This mobility shows the potential and high polysemantic value of the translation concept. What we are missing, however, is a ‘translaboration’ between translation studies and the various other disciplines that employ translation studies’ master concept. The paper will illustrate the background of the translational turn and the rise of the notion of ‘cultural translation’ as well as the deployment of the translation category in organisation studies and sociology. It will thus limit itself to examples from cultural studies and the social sciences. The paper’s aim is to revise and dispel some of the misconceptions held against translation proper and the discipline of translation studies, thereby showing that translation studies has the conceptual and theoretical grounding to be the leading discipline for the unfolding of a translational turn outside its disciplinary borders. Furthermore, the paper will show the common ground for a translaboration from which both translation studies and its neighbouring disciplines could ultimately benefit.

15

Xiao, Richard. "How different is translated Chinese from native Chinese?" International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 15, no. 1 (March 22, 2010): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.15.1.01xia.

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Corpus-based translation studies focus on translation as a product by comparing comparable corpora of translational and non-translational texts. A number of distinctive features of translational English in relation to native English have been uncovered. Nevertheless, research of this area has so far been confined largely to translational English translated from closely related European languages. If the features of translational language that have been reported on the basis of translated English are to be generalized as ‘translation universals’, it is of vital importance to find supporting evidence from non-European languages. Clearly, evidence from “genetically” distinct language pairs such as English and Chinese is arguably more convincing, if not indispensable. This article explores potential features of translational Chinese on the basis of two balanced monolingual comparable corpora of translated and native Mandarin Chinese. The implications of the study for translation universal hypotheses are also discussed.

16

Agrawal, Rajendra K., and Joachim Frank. "Structural studies of the translational apparatus." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 9, no. 2 (April 1999): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-440x(99)80031-1.

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17

FEERO, GREG. "Translational Efforts Make Genetic Studies Useful." Clinical Neurology News 6, no. 2 (February 2010): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1553-3212(10)70028-5.

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18

Bolon, Brad. "NIH plan will hinder translational studies." Nature 471, no. 7336 (March 2011): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/471036b.

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19

Burdett, Charles, Nick Havely, and Loredana Polezzi. "The Transnational/Translational in Italian Studies." Italian Studies 75, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00751634.2020.1744869.

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20

John⁎, M. R. "Translational and clinical studies on calcilytics." Bone 47 (June 2010): S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2010.04.034.

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21

Jolkkonen, Jukka, and Gert Kwakkel. "Translational Hurdles in Stroke Recovery Studies." Translational Stroke Research 7, no. 4 (March 22, 2016): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12975-016-0461-y.

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22

Nishio, Kazuto, Tokuzo Arao, Tatsu Shimoyama, Yasuhiro Fujiwara, Tomohide Tamura, and Nagahiro Saijo. "Translational studies for target-based drugs." Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 56, S1 (November 2005): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00280-005-0104-6.

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23

Zhao, Yimin. "Jiehebu or suburb? Towards a translational turn in urban studies." Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 13, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 527–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsaa032.

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Abstract Engaging with reflections on improper urban vocabularies, this article proposes a translational turn to foreground dialogues—rather than equivalences—between languages. Drawing on the philosophies of language and hermeneutics, I adopt ‘the fusion of horizons’ as an alternative perspective to redefine translation where different languages encounter each other. To better capture global urban experiences, we should recognise the role of translation that exposes us to strangeness and alterity. This point is elaborated with heterogeneous names of the urban frontier, which inform us how and how far appropriating gaps/distances can initiate creative and unexpected dialogues for more global urban studies.

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Meylaerts, Reine. "Translational Justice in a Multilingual World: An Overview of Translational Regimes." Meta 56, no. 4 (July 11, 2012): 743–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1011250ar.

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Since democratic societies are based on the ideal of participatory citizenship and since participatory citizenship presupposes, among other things, the citizens’ right to communicate with the authorities, one of the biggest challenges for contemporary multilingual societies is the elaboration of a fair translation policy: there is no language policy without a translation policy. However, among the numerous studies on language rights, on language policies or on immigrant incorporation, the key role of translation is usually not taken into consideration. Which linguistic and translational territoriality regimes are used by authorities to communicate with their multilingual populations? How do these different regimes relate to their linguistic and translational rights and their chances for participatory citizenship and integration? This essay discusses four prototypical regimes which may be used by authorities to communicate with their citizens. It will also try to hint at their possible impact on minorities’ linguistic and translational rights and integration.

25

Kubaszczyk, Joanna. "Czy przekładoznawstwo to nauka oparta na solidnym fundamencie?" Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 25, no. 44 (June 15, 2019): 9–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.25.2019.44.01.

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Are Translation Studies a Field of Study Based on a Solid Foundation? Hypothesising about the Principles of Translation Studies In every field of study, there are some fundamental assumptions, laws or certainties. What is the situation in translation studies? Do the existing translational theories, which subsume very different theoretical and methodological approaches, offer a common denominator for not always convergent, and sometimes even openly contradictory, theoretical proposals of particular researchers? On the other hand, perhaps there are some translational assumptions and laws which all theoreticians, or at least the majority of them, would admit to be acceptable? The article attempts to create a catalogue of principles which seem to be fundamental for translation studies.

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Cattrysse, Patrick. "Adaptation Studies, Translation Studies, and Interdisciplinarity. Reflections on Siblings and Family Resemblance1." Adaptation 12, no. 3 (September 24, 2018): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apy011.

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AbstractDefinitional issues are not new in translation and adaptation studies (TS and AS, respectively), and neither is the question of whether AS and TS should be seen as one discipline studying one object of study or rather as two disciplines studying two distinct sets of phenomena. This paper argues that an interdisciplinary view on the subject may offer some analytical tools that help advance this discussion. Since the issue is in part one of definition, Section one looks into theories of definitions and discusses four types of definition that could be of use to our debate. This leads to the paradoxical conclusion that to define translations and adaptations is at once easy and difficult. Words like ‘adaptation’ or ‘translation’ are common nouns, which point to sets of entities that share nonunique features. Hence to name is to categorize. Section two probes into theories of categorization and how they could help categorize translational and adaptational phenomena. It turns out that a study of categories and categorizing must involve categorizers. Consequently, one may study science as an epistemic practice, but also as a social one. This introduces section three, which looks into the emerging discipline of interdisciplinarity studies, that is, the study of the compartmentalization (e.g., disciplinarization) of academic knowledge. The conclusion that follows suggests that perhaps, instead of trying to absorb each other, AS and TS should consider themselves rather as siblings, that is, members of a larger family called intertextuality or influence studies.

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Smirnova, Julia B., Julian N. Selley, Fatima Sanchez-Cabo, Kathleen Carroll, A. Alan Eddy, John E. G. McCarthy, Simon J. Hubbard, Graham D. Pavitt, Chris M. Grant, and Mark P. Ashe. "Global Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Widespread yet Distinctive Translational Responses to Different Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2B-Targeting Stress Pathways." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 21 (November 1, 2005): 9340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.21.9340-9349.2005.

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ABSTRACT Global inhibition of protein synthesis is a hallmark of many cellular stress conditions. Even though specific mRNAs defy this (e.g., yeast GCN4 and mammalian ATF4), the extent and variation of such resistance remain uncertain. In this study, we have identified yeast mRNAs that are translationally maintained following either amino acid depletion or fusel alcohol addition. Both stresses inhibit eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B, but via different mechanisms. Using microarray analysis of polysome and monosome mRNA pools, we demonstrate that these stress conditions elicit widespread yet distinct translational reprogramming, identifying a fundamental role for translational control in the adaptation to environmental stress. These studies also highlight the complex interplay that exists between different stages in the gene expression pathway to allow specific preordained programs of proteome remodeling. For example, many ribosome biogenesis genes are coregulated at the transcriptional and translational levels following amino acid starvation. The transcriptional regulation of these genes has recently been connected to the regulation of cellular proliferation, and on the basis of our results, the translational control of these mRNAs should be factored into this equation.

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Tan, Zaixi. "Censorship in Translation: The Dynamics of Non-, Partial and Full Translations in the Chinese Context." Meta 62, no. 1 (July 6, 2017): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040466ar.

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This research focuses upon how the translation of certain types of literature in China evolved historically: from ‘non-translations’ (i.e., ‘translations’ unmade as well as made and yet strictly forbidden under given censorship conditions) to ‘partial’ or ‘full/near-full’ translations set against the backdrop of changing practices required by the country’s censorship policies. My analysis begins with an overview of the multi-faceted interface between censorship and translation, followed by the conceptualization of a typology of translations under censorship. This initial discussion, in turn, allows me to resituate specific translations, including the once absented translations of earlier times (i.e., prior to the 1949 Revolution or prior to the Cultural Revolution), which were initially taken at face value as ‘non-translations’ and yet which, later on, became ‘partial’ or ‘full/near-full’ translations under the country’s subsequently more relaxed censorial operations. I attempt to illustrate such shifts by means of in-depth discussion of the dynamic nature of translational commitment in connection with the change-resistant properties and evolving priorities of censorship. In illustrating my arguments, I will draw specific examples from case studies of three well-known censorship-affected translations – i.e., On China (Kissinger 2011), Lolita (Nabokov 1991) and The Good Earth (Buck 1960), which, I argue, epitomise the shifting degrees of translational commitment (‘non-,’ ‘partial’ and ‘full/near-full’) as they occurred in the Chinese context.

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Van Poucke, Piet. "Aging as a motive for literary retranslation." Translation and Interpreting Studies 12, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 91–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.12.1.05van.

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Abstract One of the concepts that is regularly referred to in studies on retranslation, but has not yet been extensively investigated or operationalized, is the (alleged) aging of (literary) translations. While the assumption that every generation deserves its own translation of canonical literary works is taken for granted, particularly by non-academic critics of literary (re)translations, this notion does not seem to be as prevalent in academia. In this article, I review the scholarly literature on retranslation in order to determine how the concept of aging has been defined and described in translation studies so far. The findings of this survey will subsequently be tested out with a number of case studies on literary retranslation, allowing us to determine the relative importance of the concept and define its different aspects. Finally, I present the first results of an empirical pilot study on aging in literary translation, and will suggest several lines for further investigation that would allow translation studies to further operationalize the concept for future, more comprehensive and systematic analyses of aging in all its different (linguistic, translational, and cultural) aspects.

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Chaume, Frederic. "Film Studies and Translation Studies: Two Disciplines at Stake in Audiovisual Translation." Meta 49, no. 1 (September 13, 2004): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/009016ar.

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Abstract Audiovisual texts are usually built according to the conventions of film language, a complex language that overcomes linguistic communication and has its own rules and conventions. In film language it is possible to distinguish several signifying codes which complement and frame words and linguistic meaning. This paper will focus on the interplay of non-linguistic codes in film language and audiovisual translation. In the first place, I will argue that for the analysis of audiovisual texts from a translational perspective at least the theoretical contributions of Translation Studies and those of Film Studies are necessary. Then, I will review the different models of analysis of audiovisual texts offered from the perspective of Translation Studies. Finally, I will introduce a new paradigm based on Film Studies, and present the signifying codes that primarily affect translation operations in the transfer. I will also illustrate these codes with a number of non-linguistic signs and their representation in the text, and will finally discuss the influence of such signs on translation operations.

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Rezvani, Reza, and Peyman Nouraey. "A Comparative Study of Shifts in English Translations of The Quran: A Case Study on “Yusuf” Chapter." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 17, no. 1 (April 2014): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2014.17.1.70.

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Long since Translation Studies emerged as a nascent academic discipline, it has seen a considerable number of descriptive theories and models, among which, Catford’s (1965) translation ‘shift’ approach has garnered particular attention within the realm of translational comparative studies. Quranic texts have constantly been the center of attention, as the Quran has established itself as the most famous and sublime text in Arabic. As such, the present comparative study aimed at investigating the frequencies of different types of translation shifts occurring in translations form Arabic into English drawing on Catford’s (1956) shift typology. To this end, seven translations of the first thirty verses of the Chapter ‘Yusuf’ rendered by Sarwar, Arberry, Irring, Pickthall, Saffarzade, Shakir and Yusef Ali were selected to be studied. First, each element was compared for any probable shift(s). Then, the Chi-square procedure was applied in order to establish the existence of any statistically significant differences in shift frequencies. The results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between five types of shifts. The results also revealed that the most frequent translation shifts from Arabic into Persian were Unit shifts and Level shifts with a mean of 83 and 49 respectively.

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Cohen, Imogen. "On randomness." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 30, no. 1 (January 25, 2018): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.14124.coh.

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Abstract Andrew Chesterman’s 2008 article “On Explanation” examines what it means to explain translational phenomena. In doing so, it explores the nature of explanation itself and raises one crucial question: How much is beyond explanation? In other words, to what extent could translational phenomena be due to mere chance? This article addresses this question by drawing on six landmark experiments within the field of psychology. These experiments suggest (1) that we, as translators, might unknowingly be injecting random elements into our translations, and (2) that we, as Translation Studies scholars, might be ‘seeing’ causes in that randomness where there are none. This article also draws on psychologist Daniel Kahneman’s ideas about the ‘illusion of causation’ and on Nassim Taleb’s definition of randomness within the humanities and social sciences. It concludes by arguing that retrospective explanations of translations should pay far more than lip service to the notion of chance.

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Bazzi, Samia. "Foreign metaphors and Arabic translation." Journal of Language and Politics 13, no. 1 (April 28, 2014): 120–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.13.1.06baz.

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This paper attempts to bridge translation studies on metaphor with perspectives from cognitive and critical discourse studies. It provides a new contribution to the study of the interplay between language and politics by investigating the ideological motivations behind choices made by Arab journalists/translators in translating metaphors in reports of world events, in the Middle East in particular. The analytic approach adopted for the purpose of this study draws inspiration from cognitive linguistics, critical discourse studies, and descriptive translation studies. Through a comparative study of a corpus of news representations in Western and Middle Eastern sources, the study scrutinizes the role of metaphor in our perception of reality and interpretation of a news event. Based on an examination of the processing of metaphor in professional translations, the study concludes that metaphors can be classified into two main types in terms of media translation: the cultural type and the ideological type and that each of these is approached differently by translators. The generalized findings concerning these two types of translational patterns are supported by input from Arabic-speaking university-level students of translation studies, in the form of parallel translations by the students and notes on their subsequent classroom discussion.

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Bassnet, Susan. "Translation studies at a cross-roads." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 24, no. 1 (September 7, 2012): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.24.1.02bas.

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This article is an account of the personal journey of one writer, from her first encounters in the 1970s with fellow scholars sharing an interest in translation and a sense of frustration at the anti-translation prejudices of many colleagues working in literature or linguistics at that time. The article traces the gradual rise of translation studies as an important field in its own right, but raises questions about the present state of the discipline, arguing that as translation studies has become more established, so it is failing to challenge orthodoxies and risks being left behind by the more innovative and exciting research now emerging from within world literature, postcolonialism, and cultural memory studies. I suggest that translation studies has reached a cross-roads and needs to reach out to other disciplines, taking advantage of what is being hailed by some as a translational turn within the humanities in general.

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Kim, D. S. "Thyroid cancer: are molecular studies making any difference?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 121, no. 10 (June 25, 2007): 917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107009279.

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‘Translational research’ encompasses all activities that apply basic scientific research findings to clinical practice. Although it has taken almost 20 years since the first scientific discoveries, the approval of new ‘drugs’ such as Herceptin and Avastin represents a successful example. There has also been successful translation of science into the clinic in the field of otolaryngology.In the last decade, we have seen major developments in molecular biology and genetics. Two notable achievements have been the completion of the human genome project and the parallel advances in high-throughput molecular genomic and proteomic technologies. Linked with these events has been the enormous accumulation of new data which offers the promise of important future clinical applications.This review aims to discuss these major scientific developments, to demonstrate successes in thyroid translational research, and to summarise more recent research findings in thyroid disease which provide hope for the development of future clinical tools.

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Malmkjær, Kirsten. "What happened to God and the angels." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 15, no. 1 (November 20, 2003): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.15.1.03mal.

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The paper which follows uses a set of translations by Henry William Dulcken of stories written by Hans Christian Andersen and published in Danish between 1835 and 1866 as the object of an exercise in translational stylistic analysis. Section 1 presents the author, Section 2 discusses translational stylistics, Section 3 sets the scene for the stylistic study by outlining the impact of fairytale translations on the literary polysystem in Britain in the 19th Century and the reception in Victorian Britain of Andersen’s stories, and by introducing the translator and comparing his translations briefly with other early translations. Section 4 is devoted to the stylistic study, while Section 5 suggests that translational stylistics can be an important component in comparative cultural studies.

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ARHIRE, Mona. "Explicitation, simplification and neutralisation in the translation of reference." Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education 13 (December 1, 2020): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2020.13.2.

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Recurrent features of translation, sometimes labelled as ‘translation universals’, have been intensively investigated within Descriptive Corpus-based Translation Studies. Numerous language pairs have been set under researchers’ lens with a view to observing languages from a contrastive viewpoint, but also individually, in their translational manifestations. This has enabled the identification of characteristic features of the translational facets of languages, which have generated more and more nuanced scholarly theories. This paper examines the occurrence of some of the most frequent features of translation, namely: explicitation, simplification and neutralisation in the translation of reference as a cohesive device. Methodologically speaking, the investigation combines the theoretical and applied areas of Translation Studies, with an interdisciplinary dimension provided by the fusion of methodological input borrowed from Descriptive Translation Studies, Discourse Analysis and Contrastive Studies. The theoretical component of the research refers to issues of contrastiveness between English and Romanian viewed from a translational angle, in terms of equivalence and the occurrence of the three features of translation. The applied area of Translation Studies comprises the empirical approach to the translation of reference, while addressing not only the researchers’ community, but also the practitioners in translation and the translator training environment. The research applies both quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate the data selected from John Fowles’ novel Mantissa (1982) and its translation into Romanian by Angela Jianu (Fowles 1995). The findings provide insights into the nature and functions of referring expressions as formal links, but also as stylistic devices, and shed light into issues related to contrastiveness of reference between English and Romanian, to aspects of equivalence and translatability, as well as to the occurrence of translation universals.

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Daskalakis, Nikolaos P., Rachel Yehuda, and David M. Diamond. "Animal models in translational studies of PTSD." Psychoneuroendocrinology 38, no. 9 (September 2013): 1895–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.006.

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39

Schork, Nicholas J., and Laura H. Goetz. "Single-Subject Studies in Translational Nutrition Research." Annual Review of Nutrition 37, no. 1 (August 21, 2017): 395–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064717.

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40

Ransohoff, David F. "Cultivating Cohort Studies for Observational Translational Research." Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 22, no. 4 (March 5, 2013): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0140.

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41

Quinney, Sara K., Rakesh Gullapelli, and David M. Haas. "Translational Systems Pharmacology Studies in Pregnant Women." CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology 7, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12269.

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42

Vavken, Patrick, and Martha M. Murray. "Translational Studies in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair." Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews 16, no. 1 (February 2010): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0147.

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43

Choe, Han Kyoung, and Jun Cho. "Comprehensive Genome-Wide Approaches to Activity-Dependent Translational Control in Neurons." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051592.

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Activity-dependent regulation of gene expression is critical in experience-mediated changes in the brain. Although less appreciated than transcriptional control, translational control is a crucial regulatory step of activity-mediated gene expression in physiological and pathological conditions. In the first part of this review, we overview evidence demonstrating the importance of translational controls under the context of synaptic plasticity as well as learning and memory. Then, molecular mechanisms underlying the translational control, including post-translational modifications of translation factors, mTOR signaling pathway, and local translation, are explored. We also summarize how activity-dependent translational regulation is associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and depression. In the second part, we highlight how recent application of high-throughput sequencing techniques has added insight into genome-wide studies on translational regulation of neuronal genes. Sequencing-based strategies to identify molecular signatures of the active neuronal population responding to a specific stimulus are discussed. Overall, this review aims to highlight the implication of translational control for neuronal gene regulation and functions of the brain and to suggest prospects provided by the leading-edge techniques to study yet-unappreciated translational regulation in the nervous system.

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Bhoumik, Priyasma, Alberto Del Rio-Espinola, Florian Hahne, Jonathan Moggs, and Olivier Grenet. "Translational Safety Genetics." Toxicologic Pathology 45, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623316675064.

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The emerging field of translational safety genetics is providing new opportunities to enhance drug discovery and development. Genetic variation in therapeutic drug targets, off-target interactors and relevant drug metabolism/disposition pathways can contribute to diverse drug pharmacologic and toxicologic responses between different animal species, strains and geographic origins. Recent advances in the sequencing of rodent, canine, nonhuman primate, and minipig genomes have dramatically improved the ability to select the most appropriate animal species for preclinical drug toxicity studies based on genotypic characterization of drug targets/pathways and drug metabolism and/or disposition, thus avoiding inconclusive or misleading animal studies, consistent with the principles of the 3Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement). The genetic background of individual animals should also be taken into consideration when interpreting phenotypic outcomes from toxicity studies and susceptibilities to spontaneous safety-relevant background findings.

45

Förster, Hans. "Translating from Greek as Source Language? The Lasting Influence of Latin on New Testament Translation." Journal for the Study of the New Testament 43, no. 1 (September 2020): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142064x20949384.

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Translational choices in New Testament translation appear to be influenced far more strongly by the Latin tradition and Martin Luther’s towering translation than hitherto acknowledged. This contribution uses examples from the synoptic gospels to trace the influence of Martin Luther, the Vulgate, Erasmus and the Old Latin version of the New Testament in current dictionaries like the Bauer/Aland and BDAG.

46

Halverson, Sandra L. "Metalinguistic Knowledge/Awareness/Ability in Cognitive Translation Studies: Some Questions." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business, no. 57 (June 11, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v0i57.106191.

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Throughout the history of contemporary Translation Studies, theoretical, empirical and pedagogically oriented work has made use of a range of notions that assume a translator’s metalinguistic knowledge, or knowledge about language, rather than knowledge of a language or languages. Examples include ideas such as ‘translation strategies’, translational ‘problem-solving’, ‘the monitor model’ and models of translator competence. Issues related to learning, automatization, and consciousness also figure in many of the discussions. At the same time, studies in bi- and multilingualism and second (and third) language acquisition have also developed a range of related ideas and concepts to deal with some of the same issues and concerns in bi- and multilingual language production more broadly (see e.g. Jessner 2006: 40-43). Some recent translation process studies have begun to target questions related to metalinguistic awareness (e.g. Ehrensberger-Dow/Künzli 2010, Ehrensberger-Dow/Perrin 2009) while the underlying assumptions of some of the commonly used ideas are also being questioned (e.g. Muñoz Martín 2016a). The range of available ideas, the significant differences between them, and the increasingly important role these ideas are playing in cognitive translation research mandate a critical look at this conceptual field. In this paper, I present some current views on metalinguistic knowledge/awareness/ability within the bi- and multilingualism and second language acquisition (SLA) literature, and compare these to some of the most widely used constructs in Cognitive Translation Studies (CTS). The aim is to clear the conceptual ground and to single out some of the most pressing questions to be addressed regarding this particular aspect of translational cognition.

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Meldrum, Yukari Fukuchi. "Translationese in Japanese Literary Translation." TTR 22, no. 1 (October 21, 2010): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044783ar.

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Translationese in Japanese, despite its distinct characteristics when compared to natural Japanese, has so far been systematically studied by only one researcher (Furuno, 2005). In addition to this general lack of scholarly interest, the translational situations in Japan are not well-known in the West. In this paper, the notions of translationese in Japan are investigated from the perspective of Translation Studies and of Kokugogaku (studies of Japanese language). In addition, this study provides reasons for conducting systematic studies of translationese in Japan, where Translation Studies is still in its initial stages. Finally, the results of a preliminary examination of small comparable corpora using a translation and a non-translation are presented.

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Canlı, Gülsüm, and Ayşe Banu Karadağ. "Retranslations of Faulkner’s Sanctuary in Turkish Literature." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.3p.173.

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This study is based on a comparative analysis of Turkish translations of Sanctuary (1931) by William Faulkner and aims to review the assumptions of literary translation by Antoine Berman’s “retranslation hypothesis” and “deforming tendencies”. The novel was exposed to an obligatory rewriting process by the editor and was reworded by Faulkner who acted as a self-translator to make the original version acceptable. The rewritten version, which can be regarded as an intralingual translation, became the source text for interlingual translations. The novel was first translated by Ender Gürol as Kutsal Sığınak (1961); then by Özar Sunar as Lekeli Günler (1967) and finally by Necla Aytür as Tapınak (2007). Among Faulkner’s fifteen books which have been translated into Turkish thus far, Sanctuary is the only one with three translations in total. The translational process will be described to understand the rationale behind translators’ decisions within the context of translation studies.

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Piecychna, Beata. "LEGAL TRANSLATION COMPETENCE IN THE LIGHT OF TRANSLATIONAL HERMENEUTICS." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 34, no. 1 (October 1, 2013): 141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2013-0027.

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Abstract This paper is concerned with the concept of translation competence as seen from the perspective of translational hermeneutics. The first part of the article provides a short survey of how translation competence and its develop- ment has been described so far, with a particular focus on the legal translator’s skills and abilities. The second part of the paper briefly presents the notion of translational hermeneutics together with its main concepts. The aim of this part of the article is also to show similarities between the translation phenomenon and hermeneutical studies. Finally, building on Stolze’s (2011) hermeneutical model of translation, the last part of the paper presents the main features of a hermeneutical model of legal translation competence.

50

Baker, Mona. "The Role of Corpora in Investigating the Linguistic Behaviour of Professional Translators." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 4, no. 2 (December 31, 1999): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.4.2.05bak.

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The Translational English Corpus held at the Centre for Translation Studies at UMIST is a computerised collection of authentic, published translations into English from a variety of source languages and by a wide range of professional translators. This resource provides the basis for investigating a range of issues related to the distinctive nature of translated text, the style of individual translators, the impact of individual source languages on the patterning of English, the impact of text type on translation strategies, and other issues of interest to both the translation scholar and the linguist. Most importantly, this concrete resource allows us to develop a framework for investigating the validity of theoretical statements about the nature of translation with reference to actual translation practice.

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