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1
Xia, Zhigang, Qinsheng Guo, Wenxiang Ye, Jun Chen, Shengli Feng, and Cailing Ding. "Comparative study of fiber trapping by filaments in conventional and diagonal sirofil systems." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 14 (April 7, 2017): 1581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517703606.
Анотація:
In this study, geometrical and theoretical analyses were conducted comparatively for fiber trappings by filaments in the left diagonal, conventional and right diagonal sirofil with right strand and left filament arrangement (denoted as LDS-RS-LF, CS-RS-LF and RDS-RS-LF, respectively)and left diagonal, conventional and right diagonal sirofil with right filament and left strand arrangement (LDS-RF-LS, CS-RF-LS and RDS-RF-LS, respectively). White filaments and blue rovings were used to produce conventional and diagonal sirofil yarns to validate the analysis. Online and offline fiber trapping capacity comparisons indicated that CS-RS-LF and CS-RF-LS had higher capacities of trapping fibers than LDS-RS-LF and RDS-RF-LS, respectively, and lower capacities than RDS-RS-LF and LDS-RF-LS, respectively. Yarn appearance and tensile properties results revealed that diagonal sirofils with improved fiber trappings increased yarn hairiness and tensile properties, while the ones with deteriorated fiber trappings decreased yarn hairiness and tensile properties. Sirofil yarn unevenness CVm decreased as the fiber trapping enhanced by RDS-RS-LF and LDS-RF-LS and increased as the fiber trapping weakened by LDS-RS -LF and RDS-RF-LS. This corresponded well to our theoretical hypotheses on fiber trappings by filaments in conventional and diagonal sirofil systems.
2
Takaya, Chibi A., Kiran R. Parmar, Louise A. Fletcher, and Andrew B. Ross. "Biomass-Derived Carbonaceous Adsorbents for Trapping Ammonia." Agriculture 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9010016.
Анотація:
The preparation of low-cost carbonaceous adsorbents for nitrogen recovery is of interest from agricultural and waste management perspectives. In this study, the gaseous ammonia (NH3) and aqueous ammonium (NH4+) sorption capacities have been measured for different types of carbonaceous chars produced under different conditions. The study includes a comparison of an oak-based hydrochar produced from hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) at 250 °C with two biochars produced from slow pyrolysis at 450 °C and 650 °C, respectively. The chars were also chemically modified with H2SO4, H3PO4, H2O2, and KOH to investigate the potential for sorption enhancement. The highest sorption capacities for NH3 were observed for the hydrochars with typical uptake capacities ranging from 18–28 mg g−1 NH3. Sorption capacity for oak biochars is significantly lower and ranges from 4–8 mg g−1 for biochars produced at 450 °C and 650 °C, respectively. Hydrochar showed a substantially higher sorption capacity for NH3 despite its lower surface area. The CaCl2 extractable NH4+ following ammonia adsorption is incomplete. Typically, only 30–40% of the N is released upon washing with CaCl2 in form of NH4+. Post chemical modification of the chars resulted in only limited enhancement of char NH3 and NH4+ sorption. H3PO4 treatment showed the greatest potential for increasing NH3/NH4+ sorption in biochars, while KOH and H2O2 treatment increased NH3 sorption in the hydrochar. As only marginal increases to char surface area were observed following char treatment, these findings suggest that char surface functionality is more influential than surface area in terms of char NH3/NH4+ sorption.
3
Khudaida, Kamal Jawher, and Diganta Bhusan Das. "A Numerical Analysis of the Effects of Supercritical CO2 Injection on CO2 Storage Capacities of Geological Formations." Clean Technologies 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 333–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2030021.
Анотація:
One of the most promising means of reducing carbon content in the atmosphere, which is aimed at tackling the threats of global warming, is injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into deep saline aquifers (DSAs). Keeping this in mind, this research aims to investigate the effects of various injection schemes/scenarios and aquifer characteristics with a particular view to enhance the current understanding of the key permanent sequestration mechanisms, namely, residual and solubility trapping of CO2. The paper also aims to study the influence of different injection scenarios and flow conditions on the CO2 storage capacity and efficiency of DSAs. Furthermore, a specific term of the permanent capacity and efficiency factor of CO2 immobilization in sedimentary formations is introduced to help facilitate the above analysis. Analyses for the effects of various injection schemes/scenarios and aquifer characteristics on enhancing the key permanent sequestration mechanisms is examined through a series of numerical simulations employed on 3D homogeneous and heterogeneous aquifers based on the geological settings for Sleipner Vest Field, which is located in the Norwegian part of the North Sea. The simulation results highlight the effects of heterogeneity, permeability isotropy, injection orientation and methodology, and domain-grid refinement on the capillary pressure–saturation relationships and the amounts of integrated CO2 throughout the timeline of the simulation via different trapping mechanisms (solubility, residual and structural) and accordingly affect the efficiency of CO2 sequestration. The results have shown that heterogeneity increases the residual trapping of CO2, while homogeneous formations promote more CO2 dissolution because fluid flows faster in homogeneous porous media, inducing more contact with fresh brine, leading to higher dissolution rates of CO2 compared to those in heterogeneous porous medium, which limits fluid seepage. Cyclic injection has been shown to have more influence on heterogenous domains as it increases the capillary pressure, which forces more CO2 into smaller-sized pores to be trapped and exposed to dissolution in the brine at later stages of storage. Storage efficiency increases proportionally with the vertical-to-horizontal permeability ratio of geological formations because higher ratios facilitate the further extent of the gas plume and increases the solubility trapping of the integrated gas. The developed methodology and the presented results are expected to play key roles in providing further insights for assessing the feasibility of various geological formations for CO2 storage.
4
HUANG, Lin, Xu CHEN, Lian-Zhong LUO, Qing LIN, and He-Qing HUANG. "Trapping Capacities, Stability and Interaction Intensity of Subunits from Bacterial Ferritin of Azotobacter Vinelandii." Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry 36, no. 8 (August 2008): 1045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1872-2040(08)60057-2.
5
Eckard, Phyllis R., and Larry T. Taylor. "Trapping capacities of three solid phases for supercritical fluid extraction with pure carbon dioxide." Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19, no. 2 (February 1996): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190211.
6
Sang, Shengmin, and Yingdong Zhu. "The Microbial Biotransformation of Soy Genistein Significantly Enhances Its Trapping Capacities of Reactive Carbonyl Metabolites." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_100.
Анотація:
Abstract Objectives Carbonyl stress is the abnormal accumulation of carbonyl metabolites, such as methylglyoxal (MGO) and acrolein (ACR) that leads to increased modification of protein, lipids and DNA, and contributes to cell and tissue dysfunction resulting in aging and diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. Carbonyl stress is caused by an imbalance in the formation and metabolism of carbonyl metabolites and also by increased exposure to exogenous carbonyl species. In vitro studies have shown that dietary flavonoids have the capacities to detoxify reactive carbonyl metabolites. However, whether flavonoids can trap carbonyl metabolites in vivo and whether biotransformation especially microbial metabolism limits the trapping capacities of flavonoids remain virtually unknown. The objective of this study is to use soy genistein as an example to test the impacts of bioavailability and biotransformation on the in vivo trapping capacities of RCS by genistein. Methods Chemically, we synthesized the MGO and ACR conjugates of genistein as authentic standards. In mice, we oral gavaged 200 mg/kg genistein or vehicle to mice. Urine and feces were collected in metabolic cages for 24 h. The urine samples from genistein treated mice were also used to prepare the RCS conjugates of genistein metabolites. Using LC tandem mass and the high-resolution accurate mass, we searched and identified the formation of genistein metabolites and their corresponding RCS conjugates. The RCS conjugates of genistein and its metabolites were also quantified using the synthetic standards. Results We found that 1) absorbed genistein trapped endogenous MGO and ACR by forming mono-RCS adducts and eventually be excreted into mouse urine; 2) absorbed genistein could produce active phase I metabolite, orobol, to scavenge endogenous MGO and ACR; and 3) considerable amounts of microbial metabolites of genistein displayed enhanced anti-RCS capacity both in the body and in the gut, compared to genistein. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that in vivo anti-RCS ability of dietary polyphenols cannot be reflected solely based on their in vitro ability. The bioavailability and biotransformation of individual polyphenols especially gut microbiome contribute to in vivo anti-RCS ability of dietary polyphenols. Funding Sources N/A.
7
Abdullahi, G., R. Muhamad, O. Dzolkhifli, and U. R. Sinniah. "Efficiency of cardboard solar heater boxes for disinfestations of stored grains against arthropod pest." Agricultural Science and Technology 11, no. 3 (September 2019): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2019.03.043.
Анотація:
Abstract. The solar heater box is a modest technology that enables easy collection and retention of solar radiation as heat at levels lethal to stored product arthropod pest inside the box. This study was designed to construct solar heater boxes of appreciable capacities to hold large quantities of grains, assess their heat-trapping efficiency and the influence of beans quantity and exposure time on same. Solar heater boxes of five different sizes were constructed for this study. Their heat-trapping capacity was evaluated by exposure to the sunlight for 5h. The influence of bean quantity and exposure on heat capture capabilities of the best performing solar heater box was evaluated using five different quantities of cocoa beans (9, 12, 15, 18 and 21kg) for 2h of exposure period. The result for heat trapping capacity shows that the largest solar heater box trapped the highest mean between and within bean temperatures (69.38±4.97 and 69.45±3.97C, respectively) in 5h of exposure time. The result of the experiment on the effect of bean quantity and exposure time on heat-trapping efficiency show the highest temperature was obtained at 120min exposure time using 9kg of cocoa beans for both between and within bean temperature (70.00±0.73 and 71.23±0.85oC, respectively). The implications of these findings in applying this technology for stored product arthropods pest management on durable commodities were discussed.
8
Huang, Wei Ya, Jun Yang, and Yuan Ming Zhang. "One-Pot Synthesis of Mesoporous MCM-41 with Different Functionalization Levels and their Adsorption Abilities to Phosphate." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1969–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1969.
Анотація:
Ethylenediamine (EDA) functionalized mesoporous MCM-41 particles displaying various functionalization levels have been prepared by one-pot method. The prepared samples were treated with Fe(III) to form cationic complexes inside MCM-41 pores (MCM-41-NN-Fe-x%, x=10, 20 and 30) for trapping phosphate from water. The prepared adsorbents were characterized by XRD, BET, TGA and elemental analysis, and their phosphate adsorption performances were studied. The results showed that the phosphate removal rate of all the prepared adsorbents were higher than 95% at the initial phosphate concentration of 2 ppm. Additionally, the Langmuir model was used to simulate the sorption equilibrium, and the results indicated that the experiment data agreed well with the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from the Langmuir model increased with the increase of diamino loadings in adsorbents, and the maximum adsorption capacities of MCM-41-NN-Fe-30% was 52.5 mg/g.
9
Blümel, Reinhold. "Loading a Paul Trap: Densities, Capacities, and Scaling in the Saturation Regime." Atoms 9, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms9010011.
Анотація:
Providing ideal conditions for the study of ion-neutral collisions, we investigate here the properties of the saturated, steady state of a three-dimensional Paul trap, loaded from a magneto-optic trap. In particular, we study three assumptions that are sometimes made under saturated, steady-state conditions: (i) The pseudopotential provides a good approximation for the number, Ns, of ions in the saturation regime, (ii) the maximum of Ns occurs at a loading rate of approximately 1 ion per rf cycle, and (iii) the ion density is approximately constant. We find that none of these assumptions are generally valid. However, based on detailed classical molecular dynamics simulations, and as a function of loading rate and trap control parameter, we show where to find convenient dynamical regimes for ion-neutral collision experiments, or how to rescale to the pseudo-potential predictions. We also investigate the fate of the electrons generated during the loading process and present a new heating mechanism, insertion heating, that in some regimes of trapping and loading may rival and even exceed the rf-heating power of the trap.
10
Mu, Jianglong, Hui Miao, Enzhou Liu, Juan Feng, Feng Teng, Dekai Zhang, Yumeng Kou, Yanping Jin, Jun Fan, and Xiaoyun Hu. "Enhanced light trapping and high charge transmission capacities of novel structures for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting." Nanoscale 10, no. 25 (2018): 11881–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr03040e.
11
Yu, Ying, Yilian Li, Guodong Yang, Fengcheng Jiang, Sen Yang, and Yongsheng Wang. "Simulation and Analysis of Long-Term CO2 Trapping for the Shenhua CCS Demonstration Project in the Ordos Basin." Geofluids 2017 (2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2595701.
Анотація:
The Shenhua CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) project has achieved its goal of injecting 100,000 tons/year CO2 into the saline aquifers of the Ordos Basin. This study analyzes the geochemical interactions between CO2, formation fluid, and host rock of the major formations in the Ordos Basin, assesses the CO2 trapping capabilities, and predicts the final mineral forms of injected CO2. Reactive transport simulations are performed using a 2D radial model, which represents a homogeneous formation. The results show that 80% of injected CO2 remains as free supercritical gas in each formation after injection, while most of CO2 is sequestrated in different carbonate mineral assemblages after 10,000 years. The CO2 mineral trapping capacities of the Shiqianfeng and Shihezi formations are smaller than the Liujiagou formation. Calcite, dawsonite, and siderite are stable CO2 trapping minerals, while dolomite, ankerite, and magnesite are not. The increase in porosity and permeability of the three formations in the first 100 years agrees with the observation from the Shenhua CCS Project. Also the decrease in porosity and permeability after 100 years shows agreement with other modelling studies using the similar methods. These results are useful for the evaluation of the geochemical process in long-term CO2 geological storage.
12
Ali, Muhammad, Nurudeen Yekeen, Nilanjan Pal, Alireza Keshavarz, Stefan Iglauer, and Hussein Hoteit. "Influence of organic molecules on wetting characteristics of mica/H2/brine systems: Implications for hydrogen structural trapping capacities." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 608 (February 2022): 1739–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.080.
13
Arai, Wichittra, Hiromi Kameya, Rokiah Hashim, Othman Sulaiman, Takamitsu Arai, Kumar Sudesh, Ishak Mohd Yusuff, Suhaida Mat Ghani, Ahmad Hazri Ab Rashid, and Akihiko Kosugi. "Reactive oxygen species scavenging capacities of oil palm trunk sap evaluated using the electron spin resonance spin trapping method." Industrial Crops and Products 182 (August 2022): 114887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114887.
14
Tan, Rachael, and Wai Mun Loke. "Gut Oxidative Modulation of Polyphenol, Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Postbiotic in Vitro." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.10.1.05.
Анотація:
The study evaluated the individual and combined influence of polyphenol (quercetin), prebiotic (galactooligosaccharide), probiotic ( Lactobacillus acidophilus), and/ or postbiotic (inanimate Lactobacillus acidophilus) on the cellular oxidative status of CACO-2 intestinal epithelial cells. The CACO-2 cells were treated with quercetin (1 µmol L-1), galactooligosaccharide (4 mg mL-1), Lactobacillus acidophilus (2 x 106 CFU mL-1), and/or inanimate Lactobacillus acidophilus (2 x 106 CFU mL-1) individually and in all combinations over twenty four hours. Cellular antioxidant capacities (DPPH radical scavenging activity, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, Total Peroxyl Trapping Potential, and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity), antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase), and oxidative damages (F2-isoprostanes and lipid hydroperoxides) were measured. Intracellular quercetin and total short-chain fatty acids (acetic, propionic, and butyric acids) were determined. Treatments with quercetin or inanimate Lactobacillus acidophilus exhibited significant greater cellular antioxidant effects compared to those without quercetin or inanimate Lactobacillus acidophilus. Antioxidant capacities of treatments with quercetin and inanimate Lactobacillus acidophilus were significantly stronger than those with either one. Quercetin and short-chain fatty acids accumulated into the CACO-2 cells incubated with quercetin and inanimate Lactobacillus acidophilus, respectively. Polyphenol, probiotic, and postbiotic, individually or interdependently, influenced the oxidative status of intestinal epithelial CACO-2 cells and protected them from oxidative damage.
15
Al-Khdheeawi, Emad A., Stephanie Vialle, Ahmed Barifcani, Mohammad Sarmadivaleh, and Stefan Iglauer. "Effect of brine salinity on CO2 plume migration and trapping capacity in deep saline aquifers." APPEA Journal 57, no. 1 (2017): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16248.
Анотація:
CO2 migration and storage capacity are highly affected by various parameters (e.g. reservoir temperature, vertical to horizontal permeability ratio, cap rock properties, aquifer depth and the reservoir heterogeneity). One of these parameters, which has received little attention, is brine salinity. Although brine salinity has been well demonstrated previously as a factor affecting rock wettability (i.e. higher brine salinity leads to more CO2-wet rocks), its effect on the CO2 storage process has not been addressed effectively. Thus, we developed a three-dimensional homogeneous reservoir model to simulate the behaviour of a CO2 plume in a deep saline aquifer using five different salinities (ranging from 2000 to 200 000 ppm) and have predicted associated CO2 migration patterns and trapping capacities. CO2 was injected at a depth of 1408 m for a period of 1 year at a rate of 1 Mt year–1 and then stored for the next 100 years. The results clearly indicate that 100 years after the injection of CO2 has stopped, the salinity has a significant effect on the CO2 migration distance and the amount of mobile, residual and dissolved CO2. First, the results show that higher brine salinity leads to an increase in CO2 mobility and CO2 migration distance, but reduces the amount of residually trapped CO2. Furthermore, high brine salinity leads to reduced dissolution trapping. Thus, we conclude that less-saline aquifers are preferable CO2 sinks.
16
Bednarska, Katarzyna, та Izabela Fecka. "Aspalathin and Other Rooibos Flavonoids Trapped α-Dicarbonyls and Inhibited Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products In Vitro". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, № 23 (25 листопада 2022): 14738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314738.
Анотація:
The excessive dietary intake of simple sugars and abnormal metabolism in certain diseases contribute to the increased production of α-dicarbonyls (α-DCs), such as methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO), the main precursors of the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs play a vital role, for example, in the development of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Aspalathus linearis (Burman f.) R. Dahlgren (known as rooibos tea) exhibits a wide range of activities beneficial for cardio-metabolic health. Thus, the present study aims to investigate unfermented and fermented rooibos extracts and their constituents for the ability to trap MGO and GO. The individual compounds identified in extracts were tested for the capability to inhibit AGEs (with MGO or GO as a glycation agent). Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (UHPLC–ESI–MS) was used to investigate α-DCs’ trapping capacities. To evaluate the antiglycation activity, fluorescence measurement was used. The extract from the unfermented rooibos showed a higher ability to capture MGO/GO and inhibit AGE formation than did the extract from fermented rooibos, and this effect was attributed to a higher content of dihydrochalcones. The compounds detected in the extracts, such as aspalathin, nothofagin, vitexin, isovitexin, and eriodictyol, as well as structurally related phloretin and phloroglucinol (formed by the biotransformation of certain flavonoids), trapped MGO, and some also trapped GO. AGE formation was inhibited the most by isovitexin. However, it was the high content of aspalathin and its higher efficiency than that of metformin that determined the antiglycation and trapping properties of green rooibos. Therefore, A. linearis, in addition to other health benefits, could potentially be used as an α-DC trapping agent and AGE inhibitor.
17
Møll Nilsen, Halvor, Knut-Andreas Lie, and Odd Andersen. "Analysis of CO2 trapping capacities and long-term migration for geological formations in the Norwegian North Sea using MRST-co2lab." Computers & Geosciences 79 (June 2015): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2015.03.001.
18
Goula, Grammatiki, Georgia Botzolaki, Amin Osatiashtiani, Christopher M. A. Parlett, Georgios Kyriakou, Richard M. Lambert, and Ioannis V. Yentekakis. "Oxidative Thermal Sintering and Redispersion of Rh Nanoparticles on Supports with High Oxygen Ion Lability." Catalysts 9, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9060541.
Анотація:
The thermal sintering under oxidative conditions of Rh nanoparticles supported on oxides characterized by very different oxygen storage capacities (OSC) and labilities was studied at 750 and 850 °C. Under sintering conditions, significant particle growth occurred for Rh/γ-Al2O3 (up to 120% at 850 °C). In striking contrast, Rh/ACZ (alumina–ceria–zirconia) and Rh/CZ (ceria–zirconia) exhibited marked resistance to sintering, and even moderate (ca. −10% at 850 °C) to pronounced (ca. −60% at 850 °C) redispersion of the Rh. A model is proposed based on a double-layer description of metal–support interactions assigned to back-spillover of labile oxygen ions onto the Rh particles, accompanied by trapping of atomic Rh by the resulting surface oxygen vacancies. This model accounts for the observed resistance to sintering and actual redispersion of Rh, consistent with both alternative sintering mechanisms, namely Ostwald ripening (OR) or particle migration and coalescence (PMC).
19
Katsube, T. J., and M. A. Williamson. "Effects of diagenesis on shale nano-pore structure and implications for sealing capacity." Clay Minerals 29, no. 4 (October 1994): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1994.029.4.05.
Анотація:
AbstractThe effect of diagenesis on shale petrophysical characteristics is being investigated as part of a study on shale sealing capacity because of its significance for modelling hydrocarbon charge histories of sedimentary basins. Results to date indicate that diagenesis (degree of cementation and dissolution) significantly affects porosity and inter-connectivity of the nano-pores (0.3–60 nm), the pores constituting the main pore-throats for tight shales. Diagenesis causes tight shale permeabilities to vary over a range exceeding an order of magnitude (10−21 − 6 × 10−20m2) and porosities to vary between 1 and 12%. In addition, diagenesis significantly influences shale nano-pore resistance to collapse during compaction and burial, mainly at depth > 2–3 km, affecting hydrocarbon trapping, overpressure and sealing capacities. Dissolution tends to delay the timing of excess pressure pulses, while cementation has a reverse effect. The significance of diagenesis is reduced at shallower depths.
20
Temp, Ulrike, Claudia Eggert, and Karl-Erik L. Eriksson. "A Small-Scale Method for Screening of Lignin-Degrading Microorganisms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 1548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.4.1548-1549.1998.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT A new method to facilitate rapid screening of lignin-degrading microorganisms was developed. Fungal strains are cultivated in tissue culture plates containing 14C-ring-labeled dehydrogenation polymerizate (DHP) (synthetic lignin). Evolved14CO2 is trapped in barium-saturated filter paper and is detected by exposing the paper to X-ray film. Analysis of the autoradiograms, carried out by density measurement with an image analysis program, allows for a semiquantitative estimation of the amount of 14CO2 evolved. The method is especially useful for screening for new, powerful lignin-degrading strains in both man-made and natural environments. It eliminates the need for special equipment for their cultivation and trapping of14CO2 as well as laborious sample analysis. The method has in this study been used to test three novel fungal isolates and a laccaseless mutant of the basidiomycete Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. Their ligninolytic capacities were compared with those of the potent lignin degrader Ceriporiopsis subvermispora.
21
Beyegue, Eric, Boris G. K. Azantsa, Angie M.-A. Mbong, and Julius E. Oben. "Inhibition of Digestive Enzymes, Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Capacities of Stem Bark Extracts of Coula edulis Baill (Olacaceae)." Journal of Food Research 10, no. 5 (September 10, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v10n5p1.
Анотація:
Prolonged hyperglycemia enhances oxidative stress. Bioactive compounds extracted possess antioxidant, anti-free radical potentials or the ability to reduce blood sugar levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of extracts of stem bark of Coula edulis Baill., their abilities to trap free radicals and glucose, as well as their ability to inhibit α-amylase and invertase activities. In vitro assays were used to test the trapping capacity of extracts on DPPH, ABTS, NO, and OH radicals; to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, the activity of glycosylation and the capacity of inhibition of the activities of α-amylase and invertase were conducted. Also, phenolic, flavonoid and alkaloid contents of extracts were determined. Results showed that extracts of the stem bark of C. edulis have anti-radical properties. The extracts chelate DPPH, hydroxyl (OH), nitrite oxide (NO), ABTS radicals, and even glucose. The IC50 values varied depending on the nature of the extraction solvent. Ethanolic extract has the highest polyphenolic content (289.12 ± 30.31 µg catechin equivalent/g), flavonoids (1.12 ± 0.09 µg quercetin equivalent/g) and alkaloids (5.54 ± 0.59 µg quinin equivalent/g). The extracts also reduce invertase and α-amylase activities. C. edulis extracts present strong antioxidant potentials and can be used as a source of natural antioxidants for the prevention of oxidative stress and hyperglycemia.
22
Le, Catherine H., Lindsay G. Benage, Kalyn S. Specht, Lance C. Li Puma, Christopher M. Mulligan, Adam L. Heuberger, Jessica E. Prenni, et al. "Tafazzin deficiency impairs CoA-dependent oxidative metabolism in cardiac mitochondria." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 35 (July 14, 2020): 12485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.011229.
Анотація:
Barth syndrome is a mitochondrial myopathy resulting from mutations in the tafazzin (TAZ) gene encoding a phospholipid transacylase required for cardiolipin remodeling. Cardiolipin is a phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane essential for the function of numerous mitochondrial proteins and processes. However, it is unclear how tafazzin deficiency impacts cardiac mitochondrial metabolism. To address this question while avoiding confounding effects of cardiomyopathy on mitochondrial phenotype, we utilized Taz-shRNA knockdown (TazKD) mice, which exhibit defective cardiolipin remodeling and respiratory supercomplex instability characteristic of human Barth syndrome but normal cardiac function into adulthood. Consistent with previous reports from other models, mitochondrial H2O2 emission and oxidative damage were greater in TazKD than in wild-type (WT) hearts, but there were no differences in oxidative phosphorylation coupling efficiency or membrane potential. Fatty acid and pyruvate oxidation capacities were 40–60% lower in TazKD mitochondria, but an up-regulation of glutamate oxidation supported respiration rates approximating those with pyruvate and palmitoylcarnitine in WT. Deficiencies in mitochondrial CoA and shifts in the cardiac acyl-CoA profile paralleled changes in fatty acid oxidation enzymes and acyl-CoA thioesterases, suggesting limitations of CoA availability or “trapping” in TazKD mitochondrial metabolism. Incubation of TazKD mitochondria with exogenous CoA partially rescued pyruvate and palmitoylcarnitine oxidation capacities, implicating dysregulation of CoA-dependent intermediary metabolism rather than respiratory chain defects in the bioenergetic impacts of tafazzin deficiency. These findings support links among cardiolipin abnormalities, respiratory supercomplex instability, and mitochondrial oxidant production and shed new light on the distinct metabolic consequences of tafazzin deficiency in the mammalian heart.
23
Paniagua-Vásquez, Isaac, Claudia C. Zuluaga-Gómez, Sofía Chacón-Vargas, Allan León Calvo, Giovanni Sáenz-Arce, Ram S. Katiyar, and José Javier Saavedra-Arias. "High Specific Capacity of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with Carbon Black/Chitosan- and Carbon Black/Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Coated Separators." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 2183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062183.
Анотація:
In this research, the shuttle effect and the low sulfur activation of lithium–sulfur batteries were mitigated by coating the cathode side of Celgard 2400 separators with mixtures of carbon black/chitosan or carbon black/polyvinylidene fluoride using the simple slurry technique. Carbon nanoparticles and the polar groups of the polymers were responsible for boosting the reaction kinetics of sulfur and the chemical and physical trapping of lithium polysulfides. The adsorption of sulfur species in the coated separators was confirmed by the morphologic changes observed in the AFM and SEM images and by the new elements presented in the EDX spectra after 100 charge/discharge cycles. The high intensity of the peaks in the cyclic voltammograms and the long plateaus in the discharge profiles support the improvement in the reaction kinetics. The batteries with the carbon black/chitosan- and carbon black/polyvinylidene fluoride-coated separators reached high specific discharge capacities of 833 and 698 mAhg−1, respectively, after 100 cycles at 0.5 C. This is promising for this kind of technology, and detailed results are presented in the article.
24
Li, Chun, Xin Wang, Zi Jiao, Yu Zhang, Xiang Yin, Xue Cui, and Yue Wei. "Functionalized Porous Silica-Based Nano/Micro Particles for Environmental Remediation of Hazard Ions." Nanomaterials 9, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9020247.
Анотація:
The adsorption and separation of hazard metal ions, radioactive nuclides, or minor actinides from wastewater and high-level radioactive waste liquids using functional silica-based nano/micro-particles modified with various inorganic materials or organic groups, has attracted significant attention since the discovery of ordered mesoporous silica-based substrates. Focusing on inorganic and organic modified materials, the synthesis methods and sorption performances for specific ions in aqueous solutions are summarized in this review. Three modification methods for silica-based particles, the direct synthesis method, wetness impregnation method, and layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition, are usually adopted to load inorganic material onto silica-based particles, while the wetness impregnation method is currently used for the preparation of functional silica-based particles modified with organic groups. Generally, the specific synthesis method is employed based on the properties of the loading materials and the silicon-based substrate. Adsorption of specific toxic ions onto modified silica-based particles depends on the properties of the loaded material. The silicon matrix only changes the thermodynamic and mechanical properties of the material, such as the abrasive resistance, dispersibility, and radiation resistance. In this paper, inorganic loads, such as metal phosphates, molybdophosphate, titanate-based materials, and hydrotalcite, in addition to organic loads, such as 1,3-[(2,4-diethylheptylethoxy)oxy]-2,4-crown-6-Calix{4}arene (Calix {4}) arene-R14 and functional 2,6-bis-(5,6-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-pyridines(BTP) are reviewed. More specifically, we emphasize on the synthesis methods of such materials, their structures in relation to their capacities, their selectivities for trapping specific ions from either single or multi-component aqueous solutions, and the possible retention mechanisms. Potential candidates for remediation uses are selected based on their sorption capacities and distribution coefficients for target cations and the pH window for an optimum cation capture.
25
Kontorovich, V. A., В. V. Lunev, and V. V. Lapkovsky. "GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ANABAR‐KHATANGA OIL AND GAS PROVINCE; NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE PROCESSES OF FORMATION OF SALT DOMES (SIBERIAN SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTICS)." Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 10, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5800/gt-2019-10-2-0421.
Анотація:
The article discusses the geological structure, oil‐and‐gas‐bearing capacities and salt tectogenesis of the Anabar‐Khatanga saddle located on the Laptev Sea shore. In the study area, the platform sediments are represented by the 14‐45 km thick Neoproterozoic‐Mesozoic sedimentary complexes. The regional cross‐sections show the early and middle Devonian salt‐bearing strata and associated salt domes in the sedimentary cover, which may be indicative of potential hydrocarbon‐containing structures. Diapirs reaching the ground surface can be associated with structures capable of trapping hydrocarbons, and typical anticline structures can occur above the domes buried beneath the sediments. In our study, we used the algorithms and software packages developed by A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics (IPGG SB RAS). Taking into account the structural geological features of the study area, we conducted numerical simulation of the formation of salt dome structures. According to the numerical models, contrasting domes that reached the ground surface began to form in the early Permian and developed most intensely in the Mesozoic, and the buried diapirs developed mainly in the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic.
26
Kim, Ree Ho, Jinwoo Jeong, Sang Ho Lee, and Chae Sung Gee. "Use of Bauxite Minerals to Control Pollutant Outflow in Urban Areas." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 922–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.922.
Анотація:
Enormous use of ground for various purposes in urban areas has led to disappearance of green-planted surfaces. Considering space constraints, planted roofs become one promising and stabilizing choice to improve amenity and reduce the thermal loads on the building’s shell. However, a critical issue for rooftop garden is the release of pollutants in urban runoff. Not only particles but also dissolved pollutants should be removed from building drainage because of their potential impact on water environment. To add functions for the control of pollutant outflow, bauxsite minerals made of red waste from alumina refineries were incorporated in the rooftop garden as a special soil. The minerals have high trapping capacities for trace metals and other soluble species. Moreover, they are easy to integrate with rooftop garden systems. Based on their equilibrium capacity for removing pollutants, an optimum amount of bauxsite minerals is suggested. The characteristics of rainwater runoff and pollutants release were compared for normal and modified rooftop garden in laboratory scale. As expected, the green roof system with the bauxsite layer reduces the concentration of heavy metals. The technique used in this study is also likely to be implemented in other green surfaces in housing complexes.
27
Huang, Qiju, Yingdong Zhu, Lishuang Lv, and Shengmin Sang. "Translating In Vitro Acrolein‐Trapping Capacities of Tea Polyphenol and Soy Genistein to In Vivo Situation is Mediated by the Bioavailability and Biotransformation of Individual Polyphenols." Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 64, no. 1 (November 8, 2019): 1900274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201900274.
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Li, Shijie, Bing Xue, Chunchun Wang, Wei Jiang, Shiwei Hu, Yanping Liu, Hengwei Wang, and Jianshe Liu. "Facile Fabrication of Flower-Like BiOI/BiOCOOH p–n Heterojunctions for Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Removal of Harmful Antibiotics." Nanomaterials 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2019): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111571.
Анотація:
Novel heterojunction photocatalysts with remarkable photocatalytic capabilities and durability for degrading recalcitrant contaminants are extremely desired; however, their development still remains quite challenging. In this study, a series of flower-like BiOI/BiOCOOH p–n heterojunctions were fabricated via a controlled in situ anion-exchange process. During the process, BiOI formation and even deposition on BiOCOOH microspheres with tight interfacial contact were realized. As expected, BiOI/BiOCOOH heterojunctions revealed remarkable enhancements in photocatalytic antibiotic degradation capacities under visible light irradiation compared with pristine BiOI and BiOCOOH. The best-performing BiOI/BiOCOOH heterojunction (i.e., IBOCH-2) showed much improved photocatalytic CIP degradation efficiency of approximately 81- and 3.9-fold greater than those of bare BiOI and BiOCOOH, respectively. The eminent photocatalytic performances were due not only to the enhanced capability in harvesting photon energies in visible light regions, but also the accelerated separation of electrons and holes boosted by the p–n heterojunction. Active species trapping tests demonstrated that superoxide free radicals (•O2−) and photo-generated holes (h+) were major active species for CIP degradation. Recycling experiments verified the good durability of BIBO-2 over four runs. The facile in situ synthesis route and excellent performance endow flower-like BiOI/BiOCOOH heterojunctions with a promising potential for actual environmental remediation.
29
Abdallah, Lamiaa, and Tarek El-Shennawy. "Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Electricity Sector Using Smart Electric Grid Applications." Journal of Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/845051.
Анотація:
Approximately 40% of global CO2emissions are emitted from electricity generation through the combustion of fossil fuels to generate heat needed to power steam turbines. Burning these fuels results in the production of carbon dioxide (CO2)—the primary heat-trapping, “greenhouse gas” responsible for global warming. Applying smart electric grid technologies can potentially reduce CO2emissions. Electric grid comprises three major sectors: generation, transmission and distribution grid, and consumption. Smart generation includes the use of renewable energy sources (wind, solar, or hydropower). Smart transmission and distribution relies on optimizing the existing assets of overhead transmission lines, underground cables, transformers, and substations such that minimum generating capacities are required in the future. Smart consumption will depend on the use of more efficient equipment like energy-saving lighting lamps, enabling smart homes and hybrid plug-in electric vehicles technologies. A special interest is given to the Egyptian case study. Main opportunities for Egypt include generating electricity from wind and solar energy sources and its geographical location that makes it a perfect center for interconnecting electrical systems from the Nile basin, North Africa, Gulf, and Europe. Challenges include shortage of investments, absence of political will, aging of transmission and distribution infrastructure, and lack of consumer awareness for power utilization.
30
Fauziah, Cut Aja, Emad A. Al-Khdheeawi, Ahmed Barifcani, and Stefan Iglauer. "Wettability measurements on two sandstones: an experimental investigation before and after CO2 flooding." APPEA Journal 60, no. 1 (2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19099.
Анотація:
Wettability of rock–fluid systems is an important for controlling the carbon dioxide (CO2) movement and the capacities of CO2 geological trapping mechanisms. Although contact angle measurement is considered a potentially scalable parameter for evaluation of the wettability characteristics, there are still large uncertainties associated with the contact angle measurement for CO2–brine–rock systems. Thus, this study experimentally examined the wettability, before and after flooding, of two different samples of sandstone: Berea and Bandera grey sandstones. For both samples, several sets of flooding of brine (5 wt % NaCl + 1 wt % KCl in deionised water), CO2-saturated (live) brine and supercritical CO2 were performed. The contact angle measurements were conducted for the CO2–sandstone system at two different reservoir pressures (10 and 15 MPa) and at a reservoir temperature of 323 K. The results showed that both the advancing and receding contact angles of the sandstone samples after flooding were higher than that measured before flooding (i.e. after CO2 injection the sandstones became more CO2-wet). Moreover, the Bandera grey samples had higher contact angles than Berea sandstone. Thus, we conclude that CO2 flooding altered the sandstone wettability to be more CO2-wet, and Berea sandstone had a higher CO2 storage capacity than Bandera grey sandstone.
31
Jebara, M., R. Mhamdi, M. E. Aouani, R. Ghrir, and M. Mars. "Genetic diversity ofSinorhizobiumpopulations recovered from differentMedicagovarieties cultivated in Tunisian soils." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w00-135.
Анотація:
A collection of 468 rhizobial isolates was obtained from different ecological areas of Tunisia by trapping them on Medicago sativa cv. Gabes, Medicago scutelleta cv. Kelson, Medicago truncatula, and Medicago ciliaris. A subsample of 134 rhizobia was chosen to determine their plasmid profile, and 89 isolates were subjected to multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) and PCR/RFLP analysis using 16S, IGS (inter genic spacer), and nifKD probes. Twenty-five representatives from these isolates were evaluated for their nodulation and nitrogen fixation capacities. MLEE studies revealed two groups with highly heterogeneous host specificity and geographical origin. The discriminatory power was found to be slightly better with the amplified ribosomal intergenic region, than the nifKD genes. Divisions detected by nifKD amplified DNA analysis matched those established by ribosomal PCR- RFLPs. The comparison between different analyses revealed that MLEE illustrated better phenotypic properties of isolates than PCR-RFLP or plasmid content analysis. Clear distinction between Sinorhizobium meliloti and Sinorhizobium medicae were observed by analysis of the IGS symbiotic regions between nifD and nifK genes. Were able to distinguish three inoculation groups; isolates trapped from M. sativa cv. Gabes and M. scutelleta cv. Kelson formed one inoculation group which was more closely related to isolates trapped from M. truncatula than those trapped from M. ciliaris.Key words: Sinorhizobium, Medicago, diversity, MLEE, PCR, symbiotic effectiveness.
32
Jin, M., G. Pickup, E. Mackay, A. Todd, M. Sohrabi, A. Monaghan, and M. Naylor. "Static and Dynamic Estimates of CO2-Storage Capacity in Two Saline Formations in the UK." SPE Journal 17, no. 04 (November 29, 2012): 1108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/131609-pa.
Анотація:
Summary Estimation of carbon dioxide (CO2)-storage capacity is a key step in the appraisal of CO2-storage sites. Different calculation methods may lead to widely diverging values. The compressibility method is a commonly used static method for estimating storage capacity of saline aquifers: It is simple, is easy to use, and requires a minimum of input data. Alternatively, a numerical reservoir simulation provides a dynamic method that includes Darcy flow calculations. More input data are required for dynamic simulation, and it is more computationally intensive, but it takes into account migration pathways and dissolution effects, so it is generally more accurate and more useful. For example, the CO2-migration plume may be used to identify appropriate monitoring techniques, and the analysis of the trapping mechanism for a certain site will help to optimize well location and the injection plan. Two hypothetical saline-aquifer storage sites in the UK, one in Lincolnshire and the other in the Firth of Forth, were analyzed. The Lincolnshire site has a comparatively simple geology, while the Forth site has a more complex geology. For each site, both static- and dynamic-capacity calculations were performed. In the static method, CO2 was injected until the average pressure reached a critical value. In the migration-monitoring case, CO2 was injected for 15 years, and was followed by a closure period lasting thousands of years. The fraction of dissolved CO2 and the fraction immobilized by pore-scale trapping were calculated. The results of both geological systems show that the migration of CO2 is strongly influenced by the local heterogeneity. The calculated storage efficiency for the Lincolnshire site varied between 0.34% and 0.65% of the total pore-volume, depending on whether the system boundaries were considered open or closed. Simulation of the deeper, more complex Forth geological system gave storage capacities as high as 1.05%. This work was part of the CO2-Aquifer-Storage Site Evaluation and Monitoring (CASSEM) integrated study to derive methodologies for assessment of CO2 storage in saline formations. Although static estimates are useful for initial assessment when fewer data are available, we demonstrate the value of performing dynamic storage calculations and the opportunities to identify mechanisms for optimizing the storage capacity.
33
Mindiédiba Jean Bangou, A M Emmanuel Thiombiano, Mouniratou Habibou Sibdou Ouedraogo, and Georges Anicet Ouedraogo. "Inhibition of prostate cancer by plant extracts used in the treatment of malaria in Burkina Faso." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.19.3.0209.
Анотація:
Background and Objectives: Medicinal plants constitute the major source of malaria treatment in a different region of Burkina Faso, the present study was carried out to determine the potentially anti-malaria plants of the region of Bobo Dioulasso and to assess preliminary investigations on the possible pharmacological applications others than anti-malaria properties assessed by traditional health practitioners. Materials and Methods: Open-ended and structured interviews were used during the ethnobotanical survey. Total phenolics and flavonoids content were estimated using spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant potential was evaluated using anti-radical and reduction methods while the crystal violet staining technique was used for the determination of extracts cytotoxicity on 22RV1 prostate cancer cells. Results: Ethnobotanical survey highlighted five plants from different families as the most used against malaria. Their extracts have shown a significant potential for trapping radicals by the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-éthylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonique acid) (ABTS●+) method. The methanolic extract of T. macroptera has the highest content of phenolic and flavonoids compounds with respectively 59.94±0.15 mg EAG/100 mg of extract and 5.35±0.05 EQ/100 mg of extract. Methanolic extracts concentration of different plants tested that inhibit 50% of the proliferation of cancer cells 22RV1 proliferation were ranged between 48.34 to 359.1 μg/mL. E. africana was the most active 48.34 μg/mL on tested cell strain. Conclusion: Phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential may justify the use of tested plants in the treatment of malaria. Antiradical potential and reduction capacities of tested samples may explain their toxicity 22RV1 prostate cancer cells.
34
Saidi, S., K. Zribi, Y. Badri, and M. E. Aouani. "Genetic characterisation and symbiotic proprieties of native sinorhizobia trapped by Medicago sativa on Tunisian soils." Soil Research 47, no. 3 (2009): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08014.
Анотація:
Medicago sativa, a perennial species of the genus Medicago, is particularly cultivated in the Tunisian oases. Three M. sativa cultivated varieties (Magali A, Gabès2355, ABT805) and 1 genotype from a local provenance (Widhref) were cultivated on 4 Tunisian soil samples exhibiting contrasting pedo-climatic characteristics. Results showed that nodulation and aerial growth were significantly dependent on both variety and soil factors. Magali A showed the highest number of nodules, and varieties grown in Amra and Mateur soils produced the largest nodulation and aerial growth. A collection of 250 rhizobial isolates was obtained from the 4 soils by trapping them on M. sativa. Molecular characterisation by PCR/RFLP of 16S genes showed that almost all isolates (158 of 160 isolates) belong to Sinorhizobium meliloti. The subsequent analysis of isolates from 2 contrasting soils (Mateur, in the north of Tunisia, and Rgim Maatoug, in the south) demonstrated that strains harbour polymorphism at symbiotic genes, with 4 nodC genotypes, 2 nifDK genotypes and 2 nodA genotypes. The 2 soils contained different symbiont genotypes. The distribution of various profiles types was different according to geographic sites. The soils of Mateur and Rgim Maatoug do not contain the same genotypes. Eleven representative strains from this collection were evaluated for their nodulation and nitrogen fixation capacities. Results showed a high degree of variability among strains for nodulation and aerial growth parameters, and only 2 strains, GII/M1 and LII/M1, seem to be effective with all 4 varieties of M. sativa tested. Strains isolated from the soil of northern Tunisia were more efficient and produced fewer nodules than those trapped on southern soil.
35
Dominguez-Pumar, Manuel, Chenna Reddy Bheesayagari, Sergi Gorreta, Gema Lopez-Rodriguez, Isidro Martin, Elena Blokhina, and Joan Pons-Nin. "Charge Trapping Control in MOS Capacitors." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 64, no. 4 (April 2017): 3023–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2645159.
36
Fonju, Dr Njuafac Kenedy. "South Africa Gross Uncalculated Diplomatic Blunder, Contradictory Responses (SAGUDBCR) Versus Mass Dependency Trapping Africans in the Eastern European Showdown (MDTAEES) in the Ukrainian Territory during the 21st Century." Cross-Currents: An International Peer-Reviewed Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences 8, no. 6 (August 3, 2022): 54–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijhss.2022.v08i06.001.
Анотація:
The present article deals with the position of the Republic of South Africa with inconsistent blundering following her outing concerning the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian showdown. That such contradictory support to an aggressive State of Eastern European country making purported strategies to raise war and traumatize the Ukrainian to go down on their needs in a full scale war is just an unjust way of struggling to once more rise to a World unchallengeable position vis-à-vis with the United States Hyper Power Parity as unique policeman of the World since 1991 collapsed of the Cold War and disintegration of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR).. But that cannot work in the 21st Century when recalling the past history of the disintegration of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991 with the 15 Satellites States gaining their independence. Ukraine was never having two other independent Republics within its single national territory and the composition of USSR was never 17 satellite states that an over ambitious aggressive statesman is trying to give the two secessionist regions total support to purported independence conducted where nobody can justify. The South African authorities should clearly remove their diplomatic lenses to see the suffering facing by African diasporas in the country under aggressive attack from Russia are going through and think of their former Apartheid system the country undergone in the hands of the British minorities until 1990.Infact,Africans high imported countries are now trapped with unbearable high prices of consumer goods and services due to long adopted policy of dependency and practicability not to produce to capacities to feed their local populations before the outbreak of the unjustified war consonant to the violation of international law. Africans make up more than 20 percent of Ukraine's international students, studying in many different towns and cities throughout the country The scrutiny of diverse sources paved
37
Dudic, Duško. "Perspectives of Electricity Storage in Polymer Capacitors." Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science 10 (December 30, 2021): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2021.10.12.
Анотація:
The price and environmental aspects of electricity storage significantly affect the application of green technologies. The electrochemical batteries are currently the best choice for storing electricity for most industrial needs and products. Polymer capacitors show very low energy density compared to conventional batteries and therefore cannot be widely used for electricity disposal. At the same time, all other features of polymer capacitors that characterize battery systems are ideal. After a brief comparison of the basic properties of electrochemical and physical batteries, this paper presents the influence of electron trapping on the energy density of a polyethylene capacitor. The presented results indicate that the phenomenon of electron trapping in polymers can increase the energy deposit of polymer capacitors.
38
Mukherjee, K., C. De Santi, S. You, K. Geens, M. Borga, S. Decoutere, B. Bakeroot, et al. "Study and characterization of GaN MOS capacitors: Planar vs trench topographies." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 14 (April 4, 2022): 143501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087245.
Анотація:
Developing high quality GaN/dielectric interfaces is a fundamental step for manufacturing GaN vertical power transistors. In this paper, we quantitatively investigate the effect of planar etching treatment and trench formation on the performance of GaN-based MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) stacks. The results demonstrate that (i) blanket etching the GaN surface does not degrade the robustness of the deposited dielectric layer; (ii) the addition of the trench etch, while improving reproducibility, results in a decrease in the breakdown performance compared to the planar structures. (iii) For trench structures, the voltage for a 10 year lifetime is still above 20 V, indicating a good robustness. (iv) To review the trapping performance across the metal-dielectric-GaN stack, forward-reverse capacitance–voltage measurements with and without stress and photo-assistance are performed. Overall, as-grown planar capacitors devoid of prior etching steps show the lowest trapping, while trench capacitors have higher interface trapping and bulk trapping comparable to the blanket etched capacitors. (v) The nanostructure of the GaN/dielectric interface was characterized by high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. An increased roughness of 2–3 monolayers at the GaN surface was observed after blanket etching, which was correlated with the higher density of interface traps. The results presented in this paper give fundamental insight on how the etch and trench processing affects the trapping and robustness of trench-gate GaN-metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors and provide guidance for the optimization of device performance.
39
Gmür, Désirée. "Not Affected the Same Way: Gendered Outcomes for Commons and Resilience Grabbing by Large-Scale Forest Investors in Tanzania." Land 9, no. 4 (April 18, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9040122.
Анотація:
The topic of large-scale land acquisition (LSLA) has attracted wide interest in the literature and the media. However, there is little work on the gendered institutional changes and gendered impacts on common pool resources (CPR) due to LSLA. The aim of this paper is to address these impacts. This is done by discussing data from participatory research (using the methods of participatory observation, semi-structured and narrative interviews, biographies, focus group discussions, value chain analysis, and household questionnaires) on a forestry plantation operated by the British investor, the New Forests Company (NFC) in the Kilolo district, in the Iringa region. The institutional arrangements regarding different land-related common pool resources from pre-colonial times until the arrival of this investment will be shown. Furthermore, how these arrangements have changed over time and since the LSLA is presented. Then, the effects on men’s and women’s access to CPR and, thus, the impacts on their capacities to perform their reproductive work and resilience will be addressed. Furthermore, the paper focuses on how different stakeholders in the land deal (the investor, the government, different local people) make use of these different institutions to push through their own interests regarding the land. Finally, the paper looks at collective compensation payments (such as monetary compensation and jobs) and forms of corporate social responsibility (CSR) schemes, and how they are perceived emically. It is argued that the LSLA in this case clearly grabs land and land-related common pool resources that were previously held in common. Women, such as daughters, sisters, and wives, had specific access and property rights to these. Thus, the paper concludes that this grabbing lowers women’s resilience and deprives them of important resources for their livelihoods, and for food and cash production at critical times. CSR programmes and compensation rarely reach women and are, for them, an anti-politics machine, hiding the grabbing processes, and impacting the poorest of the poor, while the company uses a development discourse to legitimise its activities. In fact, the people perceive the investment as trapping them in underdevelopment.
40
Spassov, Dencho, Albena Paskaleva, Elżbieta Guziewicz, Wojciech Wozniak, Todor Stanchev, Tsvetan Ivanov, Joanna Wojewoda-Budka, and Marta Janusz-Skuza. "Charge Storage and Reliability Characteristics of Nonvolatile Memory Capacitors with HfO2/Al2O3-Based Charge Trapping Layers." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 9, 2022): 6285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186285.
Анотація:
Flash memories are the preferred choice for data storage in portable gadgets. The charge trapping nonvolatile flash memories are the main contender to replace standard floating gate technology. In this work, we investigate metal/blocking oxide/high-k charge trapping layer/tunnel oxide/Si (MOHOS) structures from the viewpoint of their application as memory cells in charge trapping flash memories. Two different stacks, HfO2/Al2O3 nanolaminates and Al-doped HfO2, are used as the charge trapping layer, and SiO2 (of different thickness) or Al2O3 is used as the tunneling oxide. The charge trapping and memory windows, and retention and endurance characteristics are studied to assess the charge storage ability of memory cells. The influence of post-deposition oxygen annealing on the memory characteristics is also studied. The results reveal that these characteristics are most strongly affected by post-deposition oxygen annealing and the type and thickness of tunneling oxide. The stacks before annealing and the 3.5 nm SiO2 tunneling oxide have favorable charge trapping and retention properties, but their endurance is compromised because of the high electric field vulnerability. Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in O2 significantly increases the electron trapping (hence, the memory window) in the stacks; however, it deteriorates their retention properties, most likely due to the interfacial reaction between the tunneling oxide and the charge trapping layer. The O2 annealing also enhances the high electric field susceptibility of the stacks, which results in better endurance. The results strongly imply that the origin of electron and hole traps is different—the hole traps are most likely related to HfO2, while electron traps are related to Al2O3. These findings could serve as a useful guide for further optimization of MOHOS structures as memory cells in NVM.
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Hartley, Niamh A., Suzi M. Pugh, Adam Jaffe, and Alexander C. Forse. "Developing New Quinone Based Electrodes for Electrochemical Carbon Capture." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 56 (July 7, 2022): 2343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01562343mtgabs.
Анотація:
The need for cost-effective carbon capture technology is rapidly increasing. To limit the global temperature increase to 1.5 degrees within the next century, the level of CO2 mitigation needs to be increased drastically [1]. Current technology, i.e., amine scrubbing, provides several challenges which limit their deployment: high regeneration energy, high operational costs and degradation at high temperatures [2]. An electrochemical approach avoids large energy losses and can selectively uptake CO2 by utilizing redox-active organic molecules. To compete with conventional chemical scrubbing, the electrochemical cell needs high power density, high CO2 uptake and long cycle stability. Redox-active molecules such as quinone-based molecules have been utilized in this area however suffer from low cycling stability due to organic molecules leaking into the electrolyte [3,4]. Quinone-polymer electrodes have shown a high efficiency for CO2 capture however are prone to quinone degradation and low active-material mass [5]. Here we present our work on a new class of quinone-based electrodes for electrochemical CO2 capture, and explore their electrochemistry in the presence and absence of CO2 and quantify their CO2 uptake capacities. This work paves the way for the design and discovery of improved electrode materials for electrochemical CO2 capture. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2018), Global Warming of 1.5 degrees. Available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ (Accessed: 10 December 2021) Rahimi, M., Zucchelli, F., Puccini, M. and Alan Hatton, T., 2020. Improved CO2 Capture Performance of Electrochemically Mediated Amine Regeneration Processes with Ionic Surfactant Additives. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 3(11), pp.10823-10830. Apaydin, D., Głowacki, E., Portenkirchner, E. and Sariciftci, N., 2014. Direct Electrochemical Capture and Release of Carbon Dioxide Using an Industrial Organic Pigment: Quinacridone. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 53(26), pp.6819-6822. Ranjan, R., Olson, J., Singh, P., Lorance, E., Buttry, D. and Gould, I., 2015. Reversible Electrochemical Trapping of Carbon Dioxide Using 4,4′-Bipyridine That Does Not Require Thermal Activation. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 6(24), pp.4943-4946. Voskian, S and Hatton, T., 2019. Faradaic Electro-swing Reactive Adsorption for CO2 Capture. Energy and Environmental Science, 12(12), pp.3530-3547
42
Bhuiyan, Maruf A., Hong Zhou, Rong Jiang, En Xia Zhang, Daniel M. Fleetwood, Peide D. Ye, and Tso-Ping Ma. "Charge Trapping in Al2O3/$\beta$ -Ga2O3-Based MOS Capacitors." IEEE Electron Device Letters 39, no. 7 (July 2018): 1022–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2018.2841899.
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Park, Joong-Hyun, Myung-Hun Shin, and Jun-Sin Yi. "The Characteristics of Transparent Non-Volatile Memory Devices Employing Si-Rich SiOX as a Charge Trapping Layer and Indium-Tin-Zinc-Oxide." Nanomaterials 9, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9050784.
Анотація:
We fabricated the transparent non-volatile memory (NVM) of a bottom gate thin film transistor (TFT) for the integrated logic devices of display applications. The NVM TFT utilized indium–tin–zinc–oxide (ITZO) as an active channel layer and multi-oxide structure of SiO2 (blocking layer)/Si-rich SiOX (charge trapping layer)/SiOXNY (tunneling layer) as a gate insulator. The insulators were deposited using inductive coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition, and during the deposition, the trap states of the Si-rich SiOx charge trapping layer could be controlled to widen the memory window with the gas ratio (GR) of SiH4:N2O, which was confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). We fabricated the metal–insulator–silicon (MIS) capacitors of the insulator structures on n-type Si substrate and demonstrated that the hysteresis capacitive curves of the MIS capacitors were a function of sweep voltage and trap density (or GR). At the GR6 (SiH4:N2O = 30:5), the MIS capacitor exhibited the widest memory window; the flat band voltage (ΔVFB) shifts of 4.45 V was obtained at the sweep voltage of ±11 V for 10 s, and it was expected to maintain ~71% of the initial value after 10 years. Using the Si-rich SiOX charge trapping layer deposited at the GR6 condition, we fabricated a bottom gate ITZO NVM TFT showing excellent drain current to gate voltage transfer characteristics. The field-effect mobility of 27.2 cm2/Vs, threshold voltage of 0.15 V, subthreshold swing of 0.17 V/dec, and on/off current ratio of 7.57 × 107 were obtained at the initial sweep of the devices. As an NVM, ΔVFB was shifted by 2.08 V in the programing mode with a positive gate voltage pulse of 11 V and 1 μs. The ΔVFB was returned to the pristine condition with a negative voltage pulse of −1 V and 1 μs under a 400–700 nm light illumination of ~10 mWcm−2 in erasing mode, when the light excites the electrons to escape from the charge trapping layer. Using this operation condition, ~90% (1.87 V) of initial ΔVFB (2.08 V) was expected to be retained over 10 years. The developed transparent NVM using Si-rich SiOx and ITZO can be a promising candidate for future display devices integrating logic devices on panels.
44
Basile, Alberto F., A. C. Ahyi, L. C. Feldman, J. R. Williams, and P. M. Mooney. "Electron Trapping in 4H-SiC MOS Capacitors Fabricated by Sodium-Enhanced Oxidation." Materials Science Forum 717-720 (May 2012): 757–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.717-720.757.
Анотація:
The electrical properties of the SiO2/SiC interface fabricated by sodium-enhanced oxidation (SEO) of n-type 4H-SiC were studied by temperature-dependent C-V and constant-capacitance deep level transient spectroscopy (CCDLTS). With the exception of near-interface traps in the SiC epi-layer, which are not present in the SEO samples, the trap species observed in SEO capacitors are the same as those observed in both standard-oxidized and NO-annealed MOS capacitors. Total electron trapping in accumulation is comparable in SEO and NO-annealed capacitors; however, the traps in SEO capacitors are located at the interface whereas tunneling into oxide traps is observed in NO-annealed samples. A series of bias-temperature stress tests show that electron trapping is essentially unchanged when mobile sodium ions are moved toward the interface. The improved mobility attained by this process compared to NO annealing may be due to the absence of near-interface SiC traps in SEO samples.
45
Wang, Yi Yu, Xiao Lei Wang, Cheng Zhan Li, Jia Wu, Lin Chao Han, Hua Jun Shen, Wen Wu Wang, and Xin Yu Liu. "An Investigation of Capacitance-Voltage Hysteresis in Al2O3/SiC MIS Capacitors." Materials Science Forum 821-823 (June 2015): 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.821-823.516.
Анотація:
Charge trapping behavior in Al2O3/SiC MOS structures was investigated by C-V hysteresis measurements in combination with XPS analysis. According to the quadratic fit of C-V hysteresis vs. tox curves, the density of the injected charges in the bulk Al2O3 films are the same under different maximum electric field, while the density of sheet charges increase with the increase of maximum electric field. Thus, a simple sheet charge model has been used to evaluate the actual effect of the electron injection phenomenon. The charge trapping levels can be as high as 1013 cm-2, indicating the importance of C-V hysteresis in Al2O3/SiC structures. All the trapping charges are found to be located at a distance ranging from 3 to 4 nm from the interface. Furthermore, no detectable interface oxide between Al2O3 and SiC has been found through our XPS measurements. We conclude that the origin of charge trapping sites in Al2O3/SiC structures is the native defects in ALD Al2O3 layer and predominantly the border traps in the Al2O3 near the oxide/semiconductor interface.
46
Weng, Ming Hung, Rajat Mahapatra, Alton B. Horsfall, Nicolas G. Wright, Paul G. Coleman, and C. P. Burrows. "Trap Assisted Conduction in High K Dielectric Capacitors on 4H-SiC." Materials Science Forum 556-557 (September 2007): 679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.556-557.679.
Анотація:
The characteristic of trap assisted conduction and interface states for a Pd/TiO2/SiO2/SiC structure has been investigated at temperatures up to 500 °C. Thermally oxidized Ti/SiO2 gate capacitors fabricated by dry oxidation in O2 were studied. The electrical measurements show the current conduction through this capacitor structure is controlled by a trap assisted conduction mechanism at low bias and the barrier height (φA) between the metal and the TiO2 was extracted. The current density in the dielectric stacks is also shown to be strongly temperature dependent. The results demonstrate that the formation of a charge dipole under the Pd contact is responsible for barrier height and not any changes in the behaviour of the TiO2 film itself, such as a change in concentration of trapping centres. The reported results indicate electron trapping property across the SiO2 layer is consistent with fitting experimental results to the trap assisted conduction model.
47
Maier, F. J., M. Schneider, A. Artemenko, A. Kromka, M. Stöger-Pollach, and U. Schmid. "Temperature and ambient atmosphere dependent electrical characterization of sputtered IrO2/TiO2/IrO2 capacitors." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 9 (March 7, 2022): 095301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0080139.
Анотація:
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a high-performance material for emerging device applications, such as in resistive switching memories, in high-k capacitors, or, due to its flexoelectricity, in micro/nano-electro-mechanical systems. Enhanced electrical properties of TiO2 are ensured, especially by a careful selection of the bottom electrode material. Iridium dioxide (IrO2) is an excellent choice, as it favors the high-k rutile phase growth of TiO2. In this study, we introduce the fabrication of IrO2/TiO2/IrO2 capacitors and thoroughly characterize their electrical behavior. These capacitors show a dielectric constant for low temperature sputtered TiO2 of ∼70. From leakage current measurements, a coupled capacitive–memristive behavior is determined, which is assumed due to the presence of a reduced TiO2−x layer at the IrO2/TiO2 interface observed from transmission electron microscopy analyses. The memristive effect most probably originates from trapping and detrapping of electric charges in oxygen vacancy defects, which themselves can be generated and annihilated through an applied electric field, subsequently changing the resistance of the capacitor. The electric degradation type is identified as a filament-forming mechanism. Additionally, the temperature dependence of the leakage current is measured, demonstrating that the temperature behavior is strongly influenced by the ambient atmosphere. The latter dependency leads to the hypothesis that the oxygen evolution reaction of water incorporated in the IrO2/TiO2 interface passivates vacancies, thus significantly impacting the vacancy density in TiO2 and, as a further consequence, the electrical performance.
48
Duschl, R., M. Kerber, A. Avellan, S. Jakschik, U. Schroeder, and S. Kudelka. "Reliability aspects of Hf-based capacitors: Breakdown and trapping effects." Microelectronics Reliability 47, no. 4-5 (April 2007): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2007.01.017.
49
Kobayashi, Kiyoteru, and Hiroshi Mino. "Hole trapping capability of silicon carbonitride charge trap layers." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 91, no. 1 (July 2020): 10101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020190297.
Анотація:
We have evaluated the hole trapping capability of the silicon carbonitride (SiCN) dielectric film for application in metal-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (MONOS)-type non-volatile memory devices. After a great number of holes were injected to the SiCN charge trap layer of memory capacitors at high applied voltages, the flat-band voltage shift ΔV fb,h of the capacitors was saturated and the charge centroid location of holes trapped in the SiCN layer was found to reach at 1.8–2.0 nm from the blocking oxide-charge trap layer interface. Using the obtained ΔV fb,h and charge centroid values, the maximum density of holes trapped in the SiCN layer was estimated to be 1.2 × 1013 holes/cm2, which was higher than that trapped in a silicon nitride charge trap layer (=1.0 × 1013 holes/cm2). It is concluded that the high density of trapped holes caused large ΔV fb,h in the memory capacitors with the SiCN layer.
50
Krause, M., J. C. C. Perrin, and S. M. M. Benson. "Modeling Permeability Distributions in a Sandstone Core for History Matching Coreflood Experiments." SPE Journal 16, no. 04 (January 6, 2011): 768–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/126340-pa.
Анотація:
Summary Saline-aquifer storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) has become recognized as an important strategy for climate-change mitigation. Saline aquifers have very large estimated storage capacities, are distributed broadly across the globe, and have the potential for geologic-scale retention times. Many of these storage sites are not well characterized, and it is critical to conduct detailed experiments and analysis to understand how features such as heterogeneity can influence the theoretical storage capacity, spatial extent of plume migration, and secondary trapping processes. Coreflooding experiments are used routinely by the oil and gas industry for such analysis and provide a very useful tool for studying saline-aquifer formations also. Numerical simulations of these coreflooding experiments can provide insight beyond the experimental measurements themselves, such as numerically studying how properties such as relative permeability and capillary pressure affect CO2 distribution in these systems under various flow conditions. However, accurate subcore-scale simulations of these experiments have remained a challenge, and the issue of how to represent subcorescale permeability has not been resolved previously. Laboratory coreflooding experiments injecting CO2 into a saline-water-saturated Berea sandstone core have been conducted at reservoir conditions. Computed-tomography (CT) scans of the core show large spatial variations of CO2 saturation, even within a relatively homogeneous core. Numerical simulations of the experiment have been conducted to study the effect of subcorescale heterogeneity and the role of permeability in determining the subcore-scale CO2 distribution in the core to explain these very large spatial variations in CO2 saturation. Numerical simulations of the experiment consistently showed that use of traditional methods for estimating subcore-scale permeability, typically based solely on porosity distributions, results in subcore-scale saturation distributions that do not match experimental measurements. In this paper, we develop a new method for calculating subcore-scale permeability distributions on the basis of capillary pressure measurements and porosity distributions as an alternative to the traditional porosity-only-based models. Using experimentally measured saturation and porosity distributions and capillary pressure data to calculate permeability, simulations based on this new method show a substantial improvement both in the absolute value and in the spatial distribution of predicted CO2-saturation values. With this technique for accurately calculating permeability distributions, it is possible to study subcore-scale multiphase flow of brine and CO2 to understand how small-scale heterogeneities influence the spatial distribution of CO2 saturation and to improve our ability to predict the fate of stored CO2.