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1
Haynes, Ray M. "Service Typologies: A Transaction Modelling Approach." International Journal of Service Industry Management 1, no. 1 (April 1990): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09564239010144534.
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Negendahl, Kristoffer, Alexander Barholm-Hansen, and Rune Andersen. "Parametric Stock Flow Modelling of Historical Building Typologies." Buildings 12, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091423.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While the construction sector is a major consumer of new raw materials, it also contributes largely to waste generation. Therefore, improved estimates of demolition waste and the identification of components and materials for reuse or recycling are an important prerequisite for better waste management in the construction sector. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences and possibilities between static bottom-up models and parametric BIM-integrated bottom-up models for material flow analyses to predict the building material composition of historical building typologies. Findings are, when comparing the predictive capabilities of the pre-audit model with a novel implementation of a generative parametric model, that we see a drastic improvement in the error-reduction. The test models and test cases are based on limited data but given the significance of the magnitude of variance between the two models, there is a strong indication that the most precise modelling approach is obtained when utilizing a parametric model based on historical building traditions. In contrast, the use of normal static prediction-based modelling is hard to justify since data on demolition waste is of poor quality. Combining the two modelling approaches might present a new alternative to reduce factor errors in predictions of demolition waste and create a foundation for better pre-demolition audits and BIM models for material passports.
3
Samantha Maitland Irwin, Angela, Kim‐Kwang Raymond Choo, and Lin Liu. "Modelling of money laundering and terrorism financing typologies." Journal of Money Laundering Control 15, no. 3 (July 6, 2012): 316–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13685201211238061.
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4
Trubka, Roman, and Stephen Glackin. "Modelling housing typologies for urban redevelopment scenario planning." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 57 (May 2016): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2015.11.002.
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5
Borgoni, Riccardo, Valeria Tritto, and Daniela de Bartolo. "Identifying radon-prone building typologies by marginal modelling." Journal of Applied Statistics 40, no. 9 (September 2013): 2069–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664763.2013.804906.
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6
Kizilova, Svetlana. "Architectural layout typologies for the sustainable reserve housing organization." E3S Web of Conferences 460 (2023): 10021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346010021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to the problem of architectural and planning organization of sustainable reserve housing for refugees. The purpose of the article is to highlight typologies of reserve housing layout organization. As a result of a complex analysis of implemented and conceptual housing designs for migrants, existing and progressive approaches were systematized within the typological matrix. Contemporary feasible typologies include: free-space, pre-set, growing and transformable. The developed prognostic typologies include: augmented and integrated. The typologies were presented within the graphic matrix. The materials of the article will be useful for further practical modelling of modern prefabricated housing for refugees.
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Borisova, Vera, and Michał Bilczak. "Methodological Aspects of the Typology of Regions and Territorial Formations." Olsztyn Economic Journal 15, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.6540.
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This paper presents the typology of regions in developed countries. It includes illustrated scientific concepts of describing development of regional territorial systems based on local cores used as the basis for the typology. The article identifies typologies, highlighting reasons behind the attractiveness of individual regions for capital and labour; as well as links among economic operators. Typology methods for European regions are discussed, including typologies associated with transport accessibility, economic specialisation and the functional structure of regions. In most typologies, the basic developmental factors and solutions to practical issues are taken into account. A special role is played by typologies that are associated with economic growth and those that take into consideration a GDP per capita increase; along with the population density factor. Attention is drawn to the use of research on the typology of regions with regards to developmental planning, modelling and strategizing.
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Chan, M., G. Foliente, S. Seo, F. K. P. Hui, and L. Aye. "Exploring the Influence of Household Agent-Based Modelling on Whole-life Decarbonisation of Residential Buildings." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1363, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1363/1/012033.
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Abstract Besides the operational and embodied carbon associated with the physical building, how significant is the influence of the heterogenous nature of household decision making in whole-life decarbonisation of the housing sector? This paper investigates the effects of explicitly considering these factors through agent-based modelling (ABM) of households integrated in bottom-up building stock modelling considering typologies of physical houses (existing and new/future) and different households, and how these might evolve to 2050 in the State of Victoria, Australia. The state population is represented by household typologies based on socio-economic status, tenure, and decisions as influenced by financial, physical/family needs and behavioural factors. The ABM is implemented using Python MESA software and the different house typologies’ whole-life carbon are calculated using the Australian Zero Emission House (AusZEH) modelling software and the Environmental Performance in Construction (EPiC) LCA database, respectively. Considering household decisions yielded higher operational carbon reduction on average across various scenarios, however these have less impact on reducing embodied carbon. And in Victoria, with increasing trends in population and housing demand, embodied carbon dominates whole-life carbon (WLC) outcomes. The heterogeneity of household decisions cannot be ignored and should be further studied along with embodied carbon reduction strategies and a broad range of scenarios that consider the dynamic and uncertain nature of factors that drive and influence the WLC of buildings.
9
Varis, Olli. "Water quality models: Typologies for environmental impact assessment." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 12 (December 1, 1996): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0315.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Much of the practical use of water quality models is related to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). There is a boom of released EIA guidelines from various institutions, typically with little reference to specific methodologies. This paper presents a discussion on the applicability of various water quality modelling approaches for use in different phases of an EIA protocol. The criteria used include the project cycle process, decision types, scales of impact and paradigms and cognitive styles of problem solving. Illustration is given with a selection of approaches used in a range of natural, socio-economic and institutional settings.
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Neumann, Hans-Martin, Ali Hainoun, Romana Stollnberger, Ghazal Etminan, and Volker Schaffler. "Analysis and Evaluation of the Feasibility of Positive Energy Districts in Selected Urban Typologies in Vienna Using a Bottom-Up District Energy Modelling Approach." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 4449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154449.
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This article investigates the potential of selected urban typologies in Vienna to reach the state of Positive Energy Districts (PED) by achieving a positive annual energy balance. It follows the EU initiative for implementing at least 100 PED in Europe by 2025. Four urban typologies have been assessed using the bottom-up energy modelling tool MAPED that enables a simplified energy demand-supply analysis at the district scale. Considering relevant urban typologies in different construction periods, the analysis focused on converting the allocated building stocks into PED by employing comprehensive thermal refurbishment and energy efficiency measures, electrification of end-uses and fuel switching, exploitation of local renewable energy potential, and flexible interaction with the regional energy system. The results reveal that a detached housing district can achieve a positive annual energy balance (for heat and power) of 110% due to the fact that there are sufficient surfaces (roofs, facades, open land) available for the production of local renewable energy, whereas the remaining typologies fail to achieve the criteria with an annual balance ranking between 61% and 97%, showing additional margins for improvement to meet the PED conditions. The presented concept offers a practical approach to investigate the PED suitability of urban typologies. It will help the Austrian Ministry for Climate Action and Environment to identify appropriate strategies for the refurbishment of existing urban areas towards the PED standard.
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Beauchamp, Benjamin, Sébastien Brideau, and Cynthia Cruickshank. "Assessment of three solar-assisted heat pump typologies in Canada: parallel, series, and ice storage." E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124606006.
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This paper discusses the energy savings, operating costs, and net present values of three typologies of solar assisted heat pump in Canada: parallel systems, series systems, and ice storage systems. Typologies are evaluated for three detached house archetypes of varying energy performances, and across a variety of Canadian climates. Hourly energy modelling is accomplished with a custom spreadsheet tool. The models developed are approximate and meant for high level analysis. This work is meant as a first step in a process of verifying the potential for each of the typologies. In most cases, the parallel system performs best in terms of annual energy savings. The paper goes over the models, assumptions, and some results. Recommendations are discussed for future research focusing on system payback times. The next step will consist of using a detailed sub-hourly simulation tool for the typology that has been found to be the most promising.
12
Oliveira, C. S. "Fundamental Frequencies of Vibration of Footbridges in Portugal: FromIn SituMeasurements to Numerical Modelling." Shock and Vibration 2014 (2014): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/925437.
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Since 1995, we have been measuring thein situdynamic characteristics of different types of footbridges built in Portugal (essentially steel and precast reinforced concrete decks) with single spans running from 11 to 110 m long, using expedite exciting and measuring techniques. A database has been created, containing not only the fundamental dynamic characteristics of those structures (transversal, longitudinal, and vertical frequencies) but also their most important geometric and mechanical properties. This database, with 79 structures organized into 5 main typologies, allows the setting of correlations of fundamental frequencies as a negative power function of span lengthsL (L-0.6toL-1.4). For 63 footbridges of more simple geometry, it was possible to obtain these correlations by typology. A few illustrative cases representing the most common typologies show that linear numerical models can reproduce thein situmeasurements with great accuracy, not only matching the frequencies of vibration but also the amplitudes of motion caused by several pedestrian load patterns.
13
Cheng, Kent Jason Go, and Miguel Antonio Garcia Estrada. "A dichotomy of smokers in the Philippines following sin tax reform: Distinguishing potential quitters from those unlikely to quit." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): e0275840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275840.
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The Philippine government significantly raised cigarette excise taxes in 2013, following passage of the landmark Sin Tax Reform Act of 2012. As a result, cigarette prices increased substantially. Given varying smokers’ responses to the price increase, we examined underlying typologies of Filipino smokers and assessed how these typologies determine smoking intensity. We used cross-sectional data from the 2015 wave of the Philippine Global Adult Tobacco Survey (N = 1,651). To uncover typologies, random effects latent class modelling was used on six individual smoker responses (attempting to stop, thinking about quitting, decreasing sticks smoked, switching to cheaper brands, buying in bulk, and asking from others). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed to uncover determinants of typologies and smoking intensity. We found two typologies based on smokers’ response. The first group, called “potential quitters” (62.62%), is composed of smokers who are more likely to consider quitting and decrease sticks smoked. The second group, called “unlikely to quit” (37.38%), have smokers who opt for price-minimization strategies like switching to cheaper brands, buying in bulk, or asking cigarettes from others. Potential quitters tend to be female, a student, and less nicotine dependent. They smoke up to three fewer sticks than those unlikely to quit, controlling for other factors. Nicotine dependence stood out as the most important predictor of being in the unlikely to quit group. The dominant role of nicotine dependence in determining a smoker’s typology points to the need for non-price based measures, such as those targeted towards highly-nicotine dependent smokers, to complement tax-induced price increases and comprehensively address the smoking problem.
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Chatterjee, Shambhabi, and Kamalika Ghosh. "Numerical Modelling of Urban Built Form Geometry for Maximum Daylight Potential." Light & Engineering, no. 03-2022 (June 2022): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2021-014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main focus of this research is urban development and planning to use maximum solar irradiance for Kolkata region. To develop this building management system, the impact of different urban built form geometry types and its orientation on the daylighting potential has been experimentally observed. The approach and methodology of this study is to highlight that there is uneven distribution of illumination in the interiors of various built forms with different orientations, caused due to overcrowding and shadowing of neighbouring buildings, and to suggest the optimum or desirable layout of built form in an urban fabric. The study is also significant as the city Kolkata falls under tropical climatic condition where the solar irradiance is abundant. The average illuminance has been obtained in different built forms with different orientations on hourly basis from morning to evening for different typologies of urban built form geometries. The results have then been analysed and the findings from the study suggests the appropriate built form typologies and their orientations to get the optimum or desirable illuminance level inside the buildings and hence saving power consumption and thus offering better opportunities in reducing electrical load in those built forms and thus contributing to the future solution for energy crisis.
15
Mucedero, Gianrocco, Daniele Perrone, Emanuele Brunesi, and Ricardo Monteiro. "Numerical Modelling and Validation of the Response of Masonry Infilled RC Frames Using Experimental Testing Results." Buildings 10, no. 10 (October 13, 2020): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10100182.
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Reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings with masonry infills represent one of the most common structural typologies worldwide. Although, in the past, masonry infills were frequently considered as non-structural elements and their interaction with the structure was neglected, earthquakes occurring over the last decades have demonstrated the important role of these elements in the seismic response of all RC-infilled building typologies. In this regard, the selection of the most suitable numerical modelling approaches to reproduce the hysteretic response of the masonry infills—and their interaction with the RC frames—is still an open issue. To deal with this issue, in this study, a macro-classification based on different available databases of experimental tests on infilled RC frames, is firstly proposed to understand the variability in the infill properties and the corresponding numerical modelling uncertainties. Five masonry infill types are selected as representative for the typical existing configurations in Italy and other Mediterranean countries. Three of those masonry infill types are then selected to carry out a more detailed analysis, namely their numerical modelling validation using experimental testing results, considering and comparing the main formulations available in the literature for the definition of the hysteretic behaviour of infills. From such a comparison, the model that minimizes the prediction error, according to specific features of the selected masonry infill, is identified for each masonry infill type.
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Tocchi, G., M. Polese, M. Di Ludovico, and A. Prota. "Regional based exposure models to account for local building typologies." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 20, no. 1 (October 6, 2021): 193–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01242-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe development of building inventory is a fundamental step for the evaluation of the seismic risk at territorial scale. Census data are usually employed for building inventory in large scale application and their use requires suitable rules to assign buildings typologies to vulnerability classes, that is an exposure model specific for the considered vulnerability model. Several exposure models are developed proposing class assignment rules that are calibrated on building typological data available from post-earthquake survey data. However, this approach has the drawback of being based on data from specific geographic areas that have been hit by damaging earthquakes. Indeed, the distribution of building typologies can vary greatly for different areas of a country and the diffusion of one building’s typology rather than another one may depend on the availability of construction material in the area, the evolution of construction techniques and the codes in force at the time of construction. This paper aims to improve the exposure modelling at regional scale, investigating the variability of masonry building typologies distribution. It proposes a methodology to recalibrate the exposure models at regional scale and evaluates the influence of the improved characterization of regional vulnerability on damage and risk assessment. The study shows that the analysis of local building typologies may strongly impact on the evaluation of the seismic risk at territorial scale.
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Crespi, Pietro, Marco Zucca, Nicola Longarini, and Nicola Giordano. "Seismic Assessment of Six Typologies of Existing RC Bridges." Infrastructures 5, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5060052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the last few decades, the attention on the safety of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures has significantly increased. RC bridges, in particular, are highly relevant for strategic importance. In the Italian context, several of these bridges were built around 1960, when engineering practice commonly ignored or underestimated the presence of seismic actions. Therefore, it is fundamental to quantify as accurately as possible their seismic safety level with state-of-the-art analysis techniques. In this paper, an efficient procedure based on the multi-modal pushover analysis approach is proposed for the risk evaluation of several bridges of the Italian highway network. This procedure, tailored for portfolio level assessment, takes into account the non-linear behavior and the complex dynamic response this type of structure with limited computational effort. Three fundamental aspects are defined for the structural modelling of bridges, i.e., materials’ constitutive law, finite element type and nonlinear hinge models. Flexural and shear nonlinearities of piers are included to account for ductile and brittle damage potential. The standardized procedure guarantees consistent comparisons among different bridges of the same network in the form of risk indexes.
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Johnson, Richard K., and Simon Hallstan. "Modelling outperforms typologies for establishing reference conditions of boreal lake and stream invertebrate assemblages." Ecological Indicators 93 (October 2018): 864–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.05.064.
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Cheng, Kent Jason, Maria Brown, Woosang Hwang, and Merril Silverstein. "Religiosity Among Young-Adult Baby Boomers: Associations With Psychological Well-Being Over 45 Years." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1954.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Past studies on the influence of religiosity on psychological well-being tended to be cross-sectional in nature and neglected generational differences. In this study, we assess how religiosity in early adulthood (mean age = 19) affects baby-boomers’ psychological well-being over the life course. We used waves 1 to 9 or 45 years of survey data from the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSOG) (N=798), a sample of Southern Californians. First, we used latent class analyses on five domains to identify three typologies of baby boomers’ religiosity in early adulthood. We call these typologies “strongly religious,” “weakly religious,” and “personally religious.” Then, we used latent growth curve modelling to ascertain the influence of these religiosity typologies on psychological wellbeing from waves 1 to 9, controlling for time-invariant (religious affiliation, age, sex, race, parental income) and varying (religious salience, education, marital status, and annual income) factors. We found that the strongly religious have a consistently upward psychological wellbeing trend throughout the study period whereas wellbeing started to decline for the weakly religious and personally religious at around wave 6, on when they were about mid-40s to almost 50. We provide evidence that religiosity in early adulthood – a period in life characterized by the exploration of various options for the future brought about by greater personal freedom – positively influences baby boomer’s psychological wellbeing over the life course.
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Lindenschmidt, Karl-Erich, and Kwok P. Chun. "Geospatial modelling to determine the behaviour of ice cover formation during freeze-up of the Dauphin River in Manitoba." Hydrology Research 45, no. 4-5 (September 12, 2013): 645–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2013.193.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the formation of a frazil-generated ice cover, ice bridging can occur along sections of rivers that are geomorphologically suited (e.g. very sinuous, narrowing channel width, low gradient bed slope) to arrest the flow of ice pans. Bridging may occur at several locations along the river independently from one another with separate ice cover formations occurring simultaneously. Juxtaposition of incoming frazil ice and ice pans extending from the ice bridgings can cause backwater levels to rise upstream and cause flooding. The separate ice covers will eventually merge to completely cover the river sooner than if no additional bridging had occurred. This makes it difficult to predict the time required for a river to be completely ice covered and the locations and timing of related potential flood events. A geospatial model is introduced in this paper that applies a principal component analysis to cluster geomorphological features – such as sinuosity, channel width and channel slope – into typologies. Certain combinations of these typologies reveal predisposition of certain geomorphological features to ice bridging or non-bridging. The Dauphin River in Manitoba is used as a test case for the development of the model.
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Hermosilla, Txomin, Jesús Palomar-Vázquez, Ángel Balaguer-Beser, José Balsa-Barreiro, and Luis A. Ruiz. "Using street based metrics to characterize urban typologies." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 44 (March 2014): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2013.12.002.
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Morganti, Michele, Anna Pages-Ramon, Helena Coch, and Antonio Isalgue. "Buildingmass and Energy Demand in Conventional Housing Typologies of the Mediterranean City." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (June 27, 2019): 3540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133540.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The causal relation among building typology and building energy demand is a complex balance of climate, morphology, technology and use. The assessment of the relation between mass of building elements and energy demand in different housing typologies is the main goal of this study. A novel indicator, namely the Buildingmass, is introduced and tested in the Mediterranean climate region. Explorations on nine conventional housing typologies in Barcelona and Rome are carried out. Buildingmass evaluation is based on the calculation of the mass of building elements. Energy demand is assessed by modelling on multi-space dynamic thermal analysis tool. Our results point out that the Buildingmass has a strong relevance on energy, playing an important role in reducing heating and cooling demand in the Mediterranean city, as described by the proposed correlation (R2 = 0.88). Moreover, this indicator gives a more detailed characterisation of the housing stock of the Mediterranean city. The study aims at bridging the gap between urban physics and urban metabolism studies and fostering energy conservation measures for the built environment.
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Xavier, Válter, Rita Couto, Ricardo Monteiro, José Miguel Castro, and Rita Bento. "Detailed Structural Characterization of Existing RC Buildings for Seismic Exposure Modelling of the Lisbon Area." Buildings 12, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050642.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As many European countries, the Portuguese territory is a region of moderate seismicity, and a large part of its building stock includes reinforced concrete (RC) buildings built before the introduction of modern seismic codes (<1983s). Currently, the Lisbon building stock is composed of 45% of RC buildings, of which 71% were built in such a construction period. Being designed to only sustain gravitational loads and without adequate lateral load resistance, these buildings are likely to be severely damaged during an earthquake. This highlights the need to propose reliable seismic risk assessment and earthquake loss models for such structures. In this context, the development of an exposure model which quantifies the building stock susceptible to be seismically damaged, in terms of structural characteristics, spatial location, and occupancy, is of major importance. The main purpose of this paper is to contribute the definition of a building exposure model for the city of Lisbon, focusing on a detailed structural characterization of these typologies. It starts with an extensive collection and analysis of design blueprints of existing buildings in two Lisbon’s neighborhoods: Alvalade and Benfica, which were found to be representative of the RC building stock in the city. Then, the information collected is scrutinized and statistically post-processed through probability distributions that provide a clear insight on the RC typologies and their structural characteristics. These results can be used in the future for the development of a numerical models and to derive fragility and vulnerability models, fundamental to conducting seismic risk analyses.
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Ayoosu, Moses Iorakaa, Yaik-Wah Lim, Pau Chung Leng, Thomas Terna Aule, Abdurraheem Bello Abdurrahman, and Sa'adatu Aminu. "TROPICAL DAYLIGHT AVAILABILITY AND SKY TYPOLOGIES FOR DAYLIGHTING EVALUATION AND DESIGN." Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 7, no. 27 (March 8, 2022): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.727013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Daylighting in buildings is a critical functional requirement in the tropical climate. It has numerous benefits, whereas poor implementation is bound to create high energy consumption and user's discomfort, unlike in the temperate region. Daylight data for design is fundamental toward achieving optimal daylighting due to variations for different locations. Like most regions in the tropics, Nigeria has limited data in this regard. Therefore, this study investigated the availability of daylight and skies using daylight modelling methods. The global illuminance and irradiance data were input to model the outdoor daylight and sky types. The modelled, measured, and RadianceIES outdoor illuminance data were comparatively analysed relative to the design time and date. The results show that the sky is predominantly intermediate. More so, the monthly mean outdoor illumination varies from 47 to 67 klux at noon and as low as 9 klux during the morning and late afternoon. The study concluded that the mean outdoor illuminance for design is 30.7klux, 60.0klux, and 46.0klux at 0900, 1200, and1500 hours, respectively. In architecture, the use and applications of these data are to improve thermal, visual comfort, low-energy and task illuminance design in buildings, thus resulting in enhanced performance, cost savings, and user satisfaction.
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Cavaleri, Liborio, Fabio di Trapani, and Maurizio Papia. "Seismic Performance of Masonry Infilled RC Structures via N2 Pushover Assessment Procedures: Outcomes under Different Modeling Hypotheses of a Case Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 847 (July 2016): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.847.339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The assessment of the capacity of RC masonry infilled RC structures constitutes nowadays a still debated issue. Pushover based procedures for the evaluation of seismic performance, such as N2 method, are largely used in practice and in force in several technical codes. The latter has proved to be reliable for a large number of structural typologies, however in the case of infilled frames, the choices made on the modelling strategy may radically modify the outcomes observable from the capacity curves and the consequent performance levels achievable. In the paper, the extent of different modelling choices on the results of the application of N2 procedure is investigated by the deep analysis of a case study of a scholastic facility in Italy. Three modelling hypotheses are considered: neglecting of infills; equivalent strut macromodeling and equivalent strut macromodeling with prediction of additional shear demand arising because of the interaction with the infills. The impact of each on the capacity curves and then on the reliability of the overall N2 procedure is discussed pointing out the major criticalities.
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Santos, Gervásio F. dos, Alejandra Vives Vergara, Mauricio Fuentes-Alburquenque, José Firmino de Sousa Filho, Aureliano Sancho Paiva, Andres Felipe Useche, Goro Yamada, et al. "Socioeconomic Urban Environment in Latin America: Towards a Typology of Cities." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (April 7, 2023): 6380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086380.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper aims to identify typologies of Latin American cities based on socioeconomic urban environment patterns. We used census data from 371 urban agglomerations in 11 countries included in the SALURBAL project to identify socioeconomic typologies of cities in Latin America. Exploratory factor analysis was used to select a set of variables, and finite mixture modelling (FMM) was applied to identify clusters to define the typology of cities. Despite the heterogeneities among the Latin American cities, we also found similarities. By exploring intersections and contrasts among these clusters, it was possible to define five socioeconomic regional typology patterns. The main features of each one are low-education cities in Northeast Brazil; low-unemployment cities in Peru and Panama; high-education cities in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Mexico; high female labor participation, with high primary education in Argentina and low primary education in Brazil; and low female labor participation and low education in Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico. Identifying clusters of cities with similar features underscores understanding of the urban social and economic development dynamics and assists in studying how urban features affect health, the environment, and sustainability.
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Lunghi, Enrico, and Raoul Manenti. "Cave Communities: From the Surface Border to the Deep Darkness." Diversity 12, no. 5 (April 25, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12050167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The discipline of subterranean biology has provided us incredible information on the diversity, ecology and evolution of species living in different typologies of subterranean habitats. However, a general lack of information on the relationships between cave species still exists, leaving uncertainty regarding the dynamics that hold together cave communities and the roles of specific organisms (from the least to the most adapted species) for the community, as well as the entire ecosystem. This Special Issue aims to stimulate and gather studies which are focusing on cave communities belonging to all different typologies of subterranean habitats, with the overarching goal to corroborate the key role of the subterranean biology in ecological and evolutionary studies.
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Quattrini, R., G. L. S. Sacco, G. De Angelis, and C. Battini. "KNOWLEDGE-BASED MODELLING FOR AUTOMATIZING HBIM OBJECTS. THE VAULTED CEILINGS OF PALAZZO DUCALE IN URBINO." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-M-2-2023 (June 26, 2023): 1271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-m-2-2023-1271-2023.
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Abstract. Vault modelling in HBIM poses a significant challenge due to the geometrical complexity and lack of standardization of those elements. Starting from the definition of an ontology able to describe and manage different typologies of Italian Renaissance vaults, this paper presents two methods for their representation in the context of Ducal Palace of Urbino HBIM implementation. The first method is a simplified semi-automated scan-to-BIM procedure relying on Revit adaptive families; the second is a more complex parametric scripting in Dynamo VPL. The paper proposes a library of suitable vault families for the parametric modelling of Renaissance architecture and offers a comparison between the models generated and their respective surveyed point-clouds, with the aim of assessing the procedure. Revit adaptive families appeared to be the easiest to implement and the most efficient solution, while Dynamo allowed for greatest complexity thought showing limitations and implementation difficulties.
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Theodoridou, I., G. Mallinis, I. Pippis, A. Mermigas, and K. Christodoulou. "Barriers of large-scale energy efficiency modelling of urban building stocks. Methods to overcome them – the case of the Re-Polis platform." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1196, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1196/1/012025.
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Abstract The European Union has set strict goals towards climate-neutral cities by 2050, pushing private and public stakeholders to develop integrated assessment tools for measuring urban buildings’ energy performance and designing sustainable retrofitting strategies. Within this context, efficient energy use modelling of urban built environments, in a precise and transparent manner, is a crucial driver for global cities’ decarbonisation. Thus, rapid developments of bottom-up and top-down methodologies and tools reflect the current international research and technological developments in the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) software industry. Combined bottom-up based GIS technologies and building typologies (archetype buildings) enable a detailed energy performance analysis of urban built environments. Since the results are produced for each building unit, these methods offer scalability, starting from single buildings to neighbourhoods and whole cities. In order to assess the energy performance of urban buildings in a bottom-up and efficient way, several aspects must be considered, such as substantial differentiations in archetype buildings according to the use, location, year of construction and each country’s profile. Furthermore, access to pan-European building typologies data, developed with the same methodology, is crucial to overcome such barriers. Moreover, although dispersed methodological tools already exist, no integrated methods have yet been developed, that can be easily used on a pan-European base. As an innovative, cloud-based tool, the Re-Polis platform aims to fill the gap in urban buildings’ large-scale energy efficiency modelling. Within this context, this paper describes all barriers identified during the design of the Re-Polis platform, regarding the development of an end-to-end robust methodological procedure and the decisions that were made to overcome them.
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Rahman, Muhammad Sabbir, Bashir Hussain, Mehdi Hussain, Hasliza Hassan, and Raechel Johns. "Paradigm of new service development projects (NSDPs): “One Basket Fits all”." Journal of Contemporary Marketing Science 3, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 303–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcmars-09-2019-0035.
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PurposeThe aim of this research is to examine the key determinants influencing the success of new service development projects (NSDPs) across four service typologies context.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers used the scenario-based survey method in an NSDP setting. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the proposed hypotheses based on survey data from 570 managers under four service typologies.FindingsService firms' cross-functional integration (CFI) and internal project team efficiency (IPTE) positively influenced NSDPs. The results also indicated that both technology infrastructure (TI) and IPTE mediated the relationship between CFI and NSDPs. In addition, the mediation effect of TI existed between the relationship of IPTE and NSDPs. Furthermore, the proposed model confirms that, for NSDPs, the role of knowledge-sharing behaviour (KSB), authentic leadership (AL) and firm's culture (FC) across the four service typologies moderated the relationship.Practical implicationsWith a better understanding of the dynamics of the aforementioned variables, service managers and the project team can more effectively develop and execute strategies for an NSDP. The article enables practitioners to expand their current understanding of NSDPs by providing insights of the unique antecedents that are significant for new service development across four service types.Originality/valueThis research is the first of its kind to examine the mediating role of KSB and TI in determining NSDPs. This study provides one of the first empirical examinations on NSDPs in the context of four service typologies from the perspective of a developing country, where the service industry is competitive. The study demonstrates that the critical success factors of NSDPs do not differ across service types, thereby confirming the “One Basket Fits all” assumption in the current NSDP research study.
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Scacco, Jacopo, and Gabriele Milani. "Modelling of Curved Masonry Elements Reinforced with TRM: From a Detailed to a Simplified Approach." Key Engineering Materials 916 (April 7, 2022): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-r71l0o.
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Numerical modeling of curved masonry structures reinforced with TRM can be particularly demanding. Indeed, several failure typologies can be encountered when a masonry element is reinforced with this strengthening solution. In the case of arches and vaults, the curvature itself complicates furtherly a correct prediction. The paper wants to provide a reasonable way to model numerically curved masonry structures reinforced with TRM and explore the advantages and detriments of advanced simulation and simplified approaches. At first, an advanced micro-modeling is applied to an arch reinforced at the extrados. Then, the same approach is applied to a limited portion of the same arch and numerical lap shear tests are performed. Finally, a simplified model equipped with a set of truss elements is proposed.
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Del Curto, D., A. Garzulino, F. Allegretti, and S. Mazza. "GIS OR BIM? A COMPARISON APPLIED TO THE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN OF A 20th CENTURY ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W15 (August 22, 2019): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w15-365-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper discusses the impact of the advanced systems of architectural survey and modelling to the research on the Conservation Management Plan (CMP) for architectural heritage, particularly when such a tool is applied to the 20th century architectural heritage. The authors focus on a comparison between the Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology and the Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The Conservation Management Plan for the National Art Schools of Havana in Cuba is used as case study. Given the plurality of buildings and various levels of interest in such a context, conservation and management needs, the need to share the results with non-specialized stakeholders, the need to combine different scales of analysis and different typologies of materials, the results point out the advantages of a GIS platform. The conclusions open to further possibilities of integrating GIS and BIM to the specific task of effectively conserving and managing the 20th century architectural heritage.</p>
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Favretto, Ana Paula Oliveira, and Léa Cristina Lucas Souza. "A meta-analysis over geometric modeling simplifications in ENVI-met urban climate simulation." Ambiente Construído 19, no. 1 (March 2019): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212019000100298.
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Abstract Environmental modelling requires, among other aspects, a description of the built geometry. However, the complexity of the urban tissue draws uncertainties about the building form and locations. Therefore, during the planning process generic simplified geometry models may be more appropriate than the detailed ones. This research shows a meta-analysis performed by comparing the results of detailed and simplified geometric models. The prediction deviations that may arise from using geometric simplifications on ENVI-met modelling were evaluated, considering the output data from different building typologies (one and ten-storey buildings) and urban scenarios (with and without internal squares). Three metrics were analysed: air temperature, wind speed, and sky view factor (SVF). These metrics were normalized between 0 and 1 for comparison and performance assessment. The results indicated that the most adequate simplification models are those that that have kept the building perimeter of the blocks unchanged in relation to the corresponding detailed models.
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Abubakar Nuhu, Nuraddeen, Kevin Baird, and Lu Jiao. "The Effect of Traditional and Contemporary Management Accounting Practices on Organisational Outcomes and the Moderating Role of Strategy." American Business Review 26, no. 1 (2023): 95–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.37625/abr.26.1.95-121.
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This study examines the association between the use of a package of contemporary and a package of traditional management accounting practices with organisational outcomes (organisational performance and competitive advantage), and the moderating role of Miles and Snow’s (1978) strategic typologies on these relationships. Based on the responses from 505 US based financial managers, the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) results indicate that the extent of use of both contemporary and traditional management accounting practices is positively associated with organisational performance and competitive advantage. Furthermore, the findings indicate that with the exception of the reactor typology, Miles and Snow’s (1978) strategy typologies (i.e., defender, prospector, and analyser) moderate the association between the use of management accounting practices with the organisational outcomes. In particular, the findings indicate that the defender (prospector) strategy positively (negatively) moderates the association between the use of a package of traditional (contemporary) management accounting practices with organisational performance. In addition, the results indicate that the defender (analyser) strategy positively (negatively) moderates the association between the use of a package of contemporary management accounting practices with competitive advantage, while the defender (analyser) strategy negatively (positively) moderates the association between the use of a package of traditional management accounting practices with competitive advantage.
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Cheviron, Bruno, and Roger Moussa. "Determinants of modelling choices for 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics: a review." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 9 (September 14, 2016): 3799–830. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3799-2016.
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Abstract. This review paper investigates the determinants of modelling choices, for numerous applications of 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamic equations in hydrology and hydraulics, across multiple spatiotemporal scales. We aim to characterize each case study by its signature composed of model refinement (Navier–Stokes: NS; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes: RANS; Saint-Venant: SV; or approximations to Saint-Venant: ASV), spatiotemporal scales and subscales (domain length: L from 1 cm to 1000 km; temporal scale: T from 1 s to 1 year; flow depth: H from 1 mm to 10 m; spatial step for modelling: δL; temporal step: δT), flow typology (Overland: O; High gradient: Hg; Bedforms: B; Fluvial: F), and dimensionless numbers (dimensionless time period T*, Reynolds number Re, Froude number Fr, slope S, inundation ratio Λz, Shields number θ). The determinants of modelling choices are therefore sought in the interplay between flow characteristics and cross-scale and scale-independent views. The influence of spatiotemporal scales on modelling choices is first quantified through the expected correlation between increasing scales and decreasing model refinements (though modelling objectives also show through the chosen spatial and temporal subscales). Then flow typology appears a secondary but important determinant in the choice of model refinement. This finding is confirmed by the discriminating values of several dimensionless numbers, which prove preferential associations between model refinements and flow typologies. This review is intended to help modellers in positioning their choices with respect to the most frequent practices, within a generic, normative procedure possibly enriched by the community for a larger, comprehensive and updated image of modelling strategies.
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Virtuani, Alessandro, and Davide Strepparava. "Modelling the performance of amorphous and crystalline silicon in different typologies of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) conditions." Solar Energy 146 (April 2017): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.02.035.
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Singh, Jasjit. "Narratives in Action: Modelling the Types and Drivers of Sikh Activism in Diaspora." Religions 11, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11100539.
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Using data gathered for an investigation of “Sikh radicalisation in Britain”, in this article I develop a typology of different types of activism among Sikhs in diaspora based on an analysis of historic and contemporary media sources (newspapers, radio, television, online), academic literature, ethnographic fieldwork and a series of semi-structured interviews with self-identifying Sikh activists. I assess the reasons behind a variety of different incidents involving Sikh activists, how Sikh activists view the drivers of their activism and to what extent this activism can be regarded as being “religiously motivated”. I critique existing typologies of “religious activism” by developing a typology of Sikh activism which challenges the distinction often made between “religious” and “political” action. I argue that “religiously motivated actions” must be understood in conjunction with narratives, incidents and issues specific to particular religious traditions and that generic motivations for these actions cannot be applied across all religious traditions.
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Jenkins, Marion W., and Sandy Cairncross. "Modelling latrine diffusion in Benin: towards a community typology of demand for improved sanitation in developing countries." Journal of Water and Health 8, no. 1 (November 9, 2009): 166–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.111.
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Latrine diffusion patterns across 502 villages in Benin, West Africa, were analysed to explore factors driving initial and increasing levels of household adoption in low-coverage rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Variables explaining adoption related to population density, size, infrastructure/services, non-agricultural occupations, road and urban proximity, and the nearby latrine adoption rate, capturing differences in the physical and social environment, lifestyles and latrine exposure involved in stimulating status/prestige and well-being reasons for latrine adoption. Contagion was most important in explaining adoption initiation. Cluster analysis revealed four distinct village typologies of demand for latrines which provide a framework for tailoring promotional interventions to better match the different sanitation demand characteristics of communities in scaling-up sanitation development and promotion programmes.
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Rodriguez-Garcia, G., M. Molinos-Senante, A. Hospido, F. Hernández-Sancho, M. T. Moreira, and G. Feijoo. "Environmental and economic profile of six typologies of wastewater treatment plants." Water Research 45, no. 18 (November 2011): 5997–6010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.053.
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Melachos, F. C., W. Florio, F. Maietti, L. Rossato, and M. Balzani. "INVESTIGATIONS ON THE DESIGN PROCESS OF ELADIO DIESTE: 3D PARAMETRIC MODELLING OF MODERN LATIN AMERICAN ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W15 (August 23, 2019): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w15-775-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The Uruguayan Engineer Eladio Dieste underwent a quest for thinness in the field of structural design which rendered his reinforced masonry thin-shell structures at a conspicuous position in Modern Latin American Architectural Heritage, so much so as to have Dieste’s work in Latin America and Europe included in an indicative list for UNESCO’s cultural heritage sites as of 2010. Nonetheless, the design process that led Dieste to such innovative structural typologies is yet to be fully academically explored. Thus, the objective of this paper is to examine the state-of-art regarding the intricate design process of Eladio Dieste’s gaussian vaults and shed some light on the existing gaps within this process by means of the 3D parametric modelling and digital fabrication of selected case studies. The adoption methodological procedures such as 3D parametrical modelling and digital fabrication allows for the establishment of important relationships between the design process and the resulting geometry of Eladio Dieste’s designs, as well as furthering registry of Dieste’s legacy for conservation purposes.</p>
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Cheviron, B., and R. Moussa. "Determinants of modelling choices for 1-D free-surface flow and erosion issues in hydrology: a review." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 9 (September 8, 2015): 9091–155. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-9091-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. This review paper investigates the determinants of modelling choices, for numerous applications of 1-D free-surface flow and erosion equations, across multiple spatiotemporal scales. We aim to characterize each case study by its signature composed of model refinement (Navier-Stokes: NS, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes: RANS, Saint-Venant: SV or Approximations of Saint-Venant: ASV), spatiotemporal scales (domain length: L from 1 cm to 1000 km; temporal scale: T from 1 second to 1 year; flow depth: H from 1 mm to 10 m), flow typology (Overland: O, High gradient: Hg, Bedforms: B, Fluvial: F) and dimensionless numbers (Dimensionless time period T*, Reynolds number Re, Froude number Fr, Slope S, Inundation ratio Λz, Shields number θ). The determinants of modelling choices are therefore sought in the interplay between flow characteristics, cross-scale and scale-independent views. The influence of spatiotemporal scales on modelling choices is first quantified through the expected correlation between increasing scales and decreasing model refinements, identifying then flow typology a secondary but mattering determinant in the choice of model refinement. This finding is confirmed by the discriminating values of several dimensionless numbers, that prove preferential associations between model refinements and flow typologies. This review is intended to help each modeller positioning his (her) choices with respect to the most frequent practices, within a generic, normative procedure possibly enriched by the community for a larger, comprehensive and updated image of modelling strategies.
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Matthew, Chris, and Catalina Spataru. "Time-Use Data Modelling of Domestic, Commercial and Industrial Electricity Demand for the Scottish Islands." Energies 16, no. 13 (June 29, 2023): 5057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16135057.
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Achieving emissions reduction targets requires improved energy efficiency to avoid an oversized and excessively expensive electricity network. This can be analysed using hourly demand modelling that captures behaviour profiles, technology types, weather factors and building typologies. Numerous domestic models exist, but whole systems energy modelling, including commercial and industrial demand, are limited by data availability. Time-use survey data has typically been used to model domestic demand- in this work is expanded to also model commercial and industrial electricity-heating for the Scottish islands at an hourly and individual building level. This method is widely applicable for modelling whole system energy demand wherever time-use survey data are available. Combinatorial optimisation has been applied to generate a synthetic population, match individuals to properties and apply construction types to building polygons. SimStock is used for heating and lighting modelling. Validation of the model with 2016 data shows that it reflects longer term trends, with a monthly mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 1.6% and an R2 of 0.99. At the hourly level, the MAPE of 6.2% and R2 of 0.87 show the model captures variability needed to combine it with a supply-side model. Dataset accuracy, variability in the date recorded, missing data and unknown data correlations are discussed as causes for error. The model can be adapted for other regions and used to analyse the costs and benefits of energy efficiency measures with a supply-side generation model.
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Medir Tejado, Lluís, and Esther Pano. "Modelling local autonomy and dependence through cooperative relations." International Journal of Public Sector Management 31, no. 4 (May 14, 2018): 410–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-01-2017-0013.
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Purpose Given the spread of multi-level governance tools, interaction between local and regional governments has become an important mechanism for service delivery and the implementation of public policies. The purpose of this paper is to empirically test a model of cooperative relations affecting local governments and thus having impact on local autonomy and dependence. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes previous typologies as a starting point to theoretically build and empirically test a model of cooperative relations based on two selected indicators: the degree of autonomy-dependence and the degree of rigidity-flexibility of the cooperative system. In a second step, the authors stimulate the model numerically to match real data on it coming from South European local governments to assess the functioning of the theory in a concrete space and time. Findings The combination of the aforementioned concepts, creates a four-option theoretical model that describes four possible situations where cooperative intergovernmental relations can be empirically placed. Originality/value This paper points out the need to incorporate empirical studies to trace the characteristics and evolution of the cooperative relations between local governments and upper tiers. This is particularly relevant if the authors are referring to mechanisms that can vary through time. In the current big and open data era, this empirical process will become easier and more affordable. In this context, local government studies benefit from particular features that improve the operation of this kind of analysis: large “N” configuration (a large number of units to be included) and a reasonable equivalence in concepts and bodies that allows comparability.
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Angulo, Jesús. "POLAR MODELLING AND SEGMENTATION OF GENOMIC MICROARRAY SPOTS USING MATHEMATICAL MORPHOLOGY." Image Analysis & Stereology 27, no. 2 (May 3, 2011): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v27.p107-124.
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Robust image analysis of spots in microarrays (quality control + spot segmentation + quantification) is a requirement for automated software which is of fundamental importance for a high-throughput analysis of genomics microarray-based data. This paper deals with the development of model-based image processing algorithms for qualifying/segmenting/quantifying adaptively each spot according to its morphology. A series of morphologicalmodels for spot intensities are introduced. The spot typologies representmost of the possible qualitative cases identified from a large database (different routines, techniques, etc.). Then, based on these spot models, a classification framework has been developed. The spot feature extraction and classification (without segmenting) is based on converting the spot image to polar coordinates and, after computing the radial/angular projections, the calculation of granulometric curves and derived parameters from these projections. Spot contour segmentation can also be solved by working in polar coordinates, calculating the up/downminimal path, which is easily obtained with the generalized distance function. With this model-based technique, the segmentation can be regularised by controlling different elements of the algorithm. According to the spot typology (e.g., doughnut-like or egg-like spots), several minimal paths can be computed to obtain a multi-region segmentation. Moreover, this segmentation is more robust and sensible to weak spots, improving the previous approaches.
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Yelkenci Sert, Fatma, Özgül Yılmaz Karaman, and Özgül Yilmaz Karaman. "The effects of different ceiling structures and plan typologies on acoustical conditions of historical mosques." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 2533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2166.
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Mosque is a building type used by Muslim people consists of speech and music rituals. Good acoustical condition in mosques is an important issue to provide desired acoustical environment for prayers and Imams during different worship rituals. Prayers need to feel individuality in praying and the sense of unity in recitation of the Quran, hymns. Worship activities need a high level of speech intelligibility and to satisfy prayers in the spiritual aspects which make people feel closed to the God. In the context of study, six historical mosques in Turkey, with different types of cover structures and plan typologies, are designated as study areas. The present study contains two methods which the first one is collecting acoustical data by measurements and the second consists of mathematical modelling software program. The purpose of study to investigate effects of different plan typology and ceiling structures on acoustical characteristics in mosques with similar volume. Also, distribution of acoustical parameters and the suitability of the values obtained through acoustic simulations and measurements to the recommended values are aimed to be investigated. As a result of the investigations, it was concluded that the objective acoustic parameters of mosques changed according to the geometric parameter properties.
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Schnettler, Berta, Cristian Adasme-Berríos, Klaus G. Grunert, María Paulina Márquez, German Lobos, Natalia Salinas-Oñate, Ligia Orellana, and José Sepúlveda. "The relation between attitudes toward functional foods and satisfaction with food-related life." British Food Journal 118, no. 9 (September 5, 2016): 2234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2016-0079.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of attitudes towards functional foods (AFF) on university students’ satisfaction with food-related life (SWFL) and to distinguish student typologies, considering that the AFF are not homogeneous among consumers. Design/methodology/approach A survey was applied to 372 university students (mean age=20.4 years, SD=2.4) in Southern Chile. The questionnaire included the AFF questionnaire and the SWFL scale, questions about consumption and knowledge about functional food (FF) and socio-demographic characteristics. Findings Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling, it was found that AFF directly and significantly influence students’ SWFL. A cluster analysis applied to the Z-scores from the factors obtained by the CFA classified three typologies: positive towards FF (36.3 per cent), moderately positive towards FF (43.0 per cent) and negative towards FF (20.7 per cent). The positive towards FF type had a significantly greater SWFL score than the negative towards FF type. The types differ according to consumption and knowledge about FF. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted in the context of only one country in South America. Originality/value This study is the first that assesses the effect of AFF on SWFL in a sample of university students. Fostering positive attitudes towards FF will allow for a growth in the degree of SWFL of university students with features similar to those of the study sample.
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Adhikari, Rohit Kumar, and Dina D’Ayala. "2015 Nepal earthquake: seismic performance and post-earthquake reconstruction of stone in mud mortar masonry buildings." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 8 (April 7, 2020): 3863–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00834-y.
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Abstract The residential building typology of Stone in Mud Mortar (SMM) masonry contributed significantly to the seismic losses caused by the 2015 Nepalese seismic sequence, also known as the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. SMM masonry is the most common construction type in Nepal, and notwithstanding the extensive damage, this has persisted in the post-earthquake reconstruction. This paper provides first an overview of the extent of damage and typical failure modes suffered by this typology. Some pressing issues in the ongoing post-earthquake reconstruction, such as building usability, construction quality are then discussed. The results of seismic analyses on both the pre-earthquake (PRE-SMM) and post-earthquake built (POST-SMM) typologies, using the applied element method employing a modelling strategy that accounts for the random shape of stone units, are then presented and discussed in terms of capacity curves and failure mechanisms. As per the seismic design code of Nepal, seismic performance assessment is conducted to understand the seismic design levels of these constructions. Finally, seismic fragility and vulnerability functions for both the PRE-SMM and POST-SMM typologies, considering the uncertainty in ground motions and material quality, are presented and discussed. Considering the seismic hazard in Nepal, the PRE-SMM typology is found to be highly vulnerable and seismic strengthening of these buildings is urgent. On the other hand, the POST-SMM typology has adequate seismic capacity and performs within the serviceability limit, given the quality of both the construction materials and workmanship are not compromised.
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Waldeck, Louis, Jenny Holloway, and Quintin Van Heerden. "Integrated land use and transportation modelling and planning: A South African journey." Journal of Transport and Land Use 13, no. 1 (October 4, 2020): 227–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2020.1635.
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Confronted by poverty, income disparities and mounting demands for basic services such as clean water, sanitation and health care, urban planners in developing countries like South Africa, face daunting challenges. This paper explores the role of Integrated land use and transportation modelling in metropolitan planning processes aimed at improving the spatial efficiency of urban form and ensuring that public sector investments in social and economic infrastructure contribute to economic growth and the reduction of persistent poverty and inequality. The value of such models is not in accurately predicting the future but in providing participants in the (often adversarial) planning process with a better understanding of cause and effect between different components of the urban system and in discovering common ground that could lead to compromise. This paper describes how an Urban Simulation Model was developed by adapting one of the leading microsimulation models (UrbanSim) originating from the developed world to South African conditions and how the requirements for microscopic data about the base year of a simulation were satisfied in a sparse data environment by introducing various typologies. A sample of results from three case studies in the cities of Tshwane, Ekurhuleni and Nelson Mandela Bay between 2013 and 2017 are then presented to illustrate how modelling supports the planning process by adding elements of rational analysis and hypothesis testing to the evaluation of proposed policies.
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Rodríguez-Álvarez, Jorge. "Urban Building Energy Modelling for the Renovation Wave: A Bespoke Approach Based on EPC Databases." Buildings 13, no. 7 (June 27, 2023): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071636.
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In 2020, domestic buildings represented 27% of the energy consumption in the European Union. The EC Renovation Wave concluded that the annual renovation rate should be doubled, from 1% to 2%, over the next decade in order to meet the 2030 energy efficiency targets. Funding programs are being implemented at national and European levels to accelerate this process. These aim to prioritize large-scale interventions and the most efficient energy conservation measures by including strict performance targets as eligibility conditions. However, these programs are coordinated by local authorities, and they struggle to generate reliable energy estimates for large areas, not least predict potential savings at both aggregated and individual levels. This paper presents a bespoke energy retrofit analysis methodology based on urban building energy modelling, which is defined and calibrated with the Energy Performance Certificate Database. We apply this method to the case study Barrio das Flores. The model adopts a hybrid approach, defining and simulating representative typologies to extrapolate the results to the whole district according to each dwelling’s specific parameters. This methodology will be used to predict the potential energy savings in the study area and support the grant application for the funding renovation program.
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COSTEA, Mariana, Arina SEUL, and Aura MIHAI. "Biomechanical foot analysis in case of four typologies: normal foot, pes cavus, pes planus and hallux valgus." Leather and Footwear Journal 21, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/lfj.21.4.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As each person is different in terms of conformation of the foot and temporal and spatial peculiarities of the individual gait pattern, an extended biomechanical analysis was performed for four categories of foot identified by the authors in a previous research study, namely normal, pes cavus (high arched), pes planus (flat) and hallux-valgus foot, in the case of young people aged 20-30 years. A representative case study was selected and the plantar pressures obtained in dynamics were analysed, following the next sequence: framing the subject in the appropriate category, simultaneous visualisation of the footprint for the left and right foot, impulse analysis, recording the variation of plantar pressures and the forces exerted on the foot as a function of time, calculating the percentage values of balance on the rear-foot, heel and medial areas, positioning of the foot axis according to the direction of movement, identification of individual characteristics of walking phases and their temporal / spatial characterisation parameters, highlighting the hysteresis for heel and rear-foot areas, recommendations for the application of orthotic devices. These results are significant in the modelling and design of the bottom shoe assembly, thus proposing solutions for balancing the pressures on the plantar surface by choosing the appropriate dimensional and shape characteristics of the components of this assembly.