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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Ultratrail"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 13 квітня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Ultratrail"

Vernillo, Gianluca, Adrien Mater, Gregory Doucende, Johan Cassirame, and Laurent Mourot. "Effect of a Fatiguing Ultratrail on the Graded Energetically Optimal Stride Frequency." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 9 (October 1, 2020): 1340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0666.

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Purpose: To study the consequences of a fatiguing ultratrail run of 6 hours on self-optimizing capability during uphill and downhill (DR) running. Methods: The authors collected temporal stride kinematics and metabolic data in 8 (experimental group) male runners before and after the ultratrail run and in 6 (control group) male ultramarathon runners who did not run but stayed awake and performed normal, daily physical activities avoiding strenuous exercises over the 6-hour period. For each subject, preferred and optimal stride frequencies were measured, where stride frequency was systematically varied above and below the preferred one (±4% and ±8%) while running 3 conditions on level, 5% uphill, or 5% DR in a randomized order. Results: Preferred and optimal stride frequencies across grade, group, and time showed no significant differences (P ≥ .184). Metabolic cost and the energetically optimum metabolic cost showed a grade × group × time interaction (P ≥ .011), with an ∼11% increase in the 2 variables only during the DR bouts (P ≥ .037). Conclusions: Despite maintaining similar dynamics of stride frequency adjustments during the DR bout, the experimental group was not able to optimize its gait. This suggests that the DR section of ultratrail runs can introduce a perturbing factor in the runners’ optimization process, highlighting the need for incorporating DR bouts in the training programs of ultratrail runners to minimize the deleterious effects of DR on the energetically optimal gait.

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Willis, Sarah J., Jules Gellaerts, Benoît Mariani, Patrick Basset, Fabio Borrani, and Grégoire P. Millet. "Level Versus Uphill Economy and Mechanical Responses in Elite Ultratrail Runners." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 7 (August 1, 2019): 1001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0365.

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Purpose: To examine the net oxygen cost, oxygen kinetics, and kinematics of level and uphill running in elite ultratrail runners. Methods: Twelve top-level ultradistance trail runners performed two 5-min stages of treadmill running (level, 0%, men 15 km·h−1, women 13 km·h−1; uphill, 12%, men 10 km·h−1, women 9 km·h−1). Gas exchanges were measured to obtain the net oxygen cost and assess oxygen kinetics. In addition, running kinematics were recorded with inertial measurement unit motion sensors on the wrist, head, belt, and foot. Results: Relationships resulted between level and uphill running regarding oxygen uptake (), respiratory exchange ratio, net energy, and oxygen cost, as well as oxygen kinetics parameters of amplitude and time delay of the primary phase and time to reach steady state. Of interest, net oxygen cost demonstrated a significant correlation between level and uphill conditions (r = .826, P < .01). Kinematics parameters demonstrated relationships between level and uphill running, as well (including contact time, aerial time, stride frequency, and stiffness; all P < .01). Conclusion: This study indicated strong relationships between level and uphill values of net oxygen cost, the time constant of the primary phase of oxygen kinetics, and biomechanical parameters of contact and aerial time, stride frequency, and stiffness in elite mountain ultratrail runners. The results show that these top-level athletes are specially trained for uphill locomotion at the expense of their level running performance and suggest that uphill running is of utmost importance for success in mountain ultratrail races.

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Vernillo, G., A. Savoldelli, A. La Torre, S. Skafidas, L. Bortolan, and F. Schena. "Injury and Illness Rates During Ultratrail Running." International Journal of Sports Medicine 37, no. 07 (April 26, 2016): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1569347.

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Desamparados Bernat-Adell, María, Rania Achouak Hafsi, Pablo-Salas Medina, Ana Folch-Ayora, Carlos Hernando-Domingo, Ignacio Martínez-Navarro, and Eladio Joaquín Collado-Boira. "Hematological variability analysis after road marathon vs ultratrail." Kinesiology 52, no. 2 (2020): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.52.2.2.

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The practice of long- and medium-distance races has exponentially increased the number of participants in recent years. They are carried out under extreme conditions that cause both biochemical and anthropometric changes in athletes and, in addition, have serious risks associated, such as dehydration, thermal disorders, or hypoglycemia. Knowledge regarding alterations at hematological level after this type of effort is limited. The objectives of this pre-post analytical descriptive observational study were: to describe and compare hematological values in amateur runners pre and post road marathon and ultratrail races, and to compare the hematological parameters between the groups in the two times analyzed by means of univariate descriptive statistical analyses, intra-group pre-post comparisons (Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test), and comparisons between the groups (Mann-Whitney U Test). Effect size was calculated using Cohen’s D. An explanatory model (Multiple Logistic Regression) was created. Statistical significance was set at p<.05. The Wilcoxon test for marathon runners observed significant differences (p≤.001) in the white series. In ultratrail runners, the results were similar, with significant differences (p≤.001) in the platelet series. The Mann-Whitney U test showed the same pre-race hematological conditions for both groups, except for hematocrit and corpuscular values (p≤.001). Significant differences (p≤.001) were also found in the post-race leukocyte and neutrophil values. Significant differences in hematological parameters have been observed both between and within the groups. The differences with greater significance corresponded to the leukocyte series.

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Vernillo, Gianluca, Alfredo Brighenti, Eloisa Limonta, Pietro Trabucchi, Davide Malatesta, Grégoire P. Millet, and Federico Schena. "Effects of Ultratrail Running on Skeletal-Muscle Oxygenation Dynamics." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 4 (April 2017): 496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0745.

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Purpose:To quantify changes in skeletal-muscle oxygenation and pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇O2) after an extreme ultratrail running bout.Methods:Before (PRE) and after (POST) the race (330-km, 24000 D±), profiles of vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation (ie, oxyhemoglobin [O2Hb], deoxyhemoglobin [HHb], and tissue oxygenation index [TOI]) and V̇O2 were determined in 14 athletes (EXP) and 12 control adults (CON) during two 4-min constant-load cycling bouts at power outputs of 1 (p1) and 1.5 (p1.5) W/kg performed in randomized order.Results:At POST, normalized [HHb] values increased (p1, +38.0%; p1.5, +27.9%; P < .05), while normalized [O2Hb] (p1, –20.4%; p1.5, –14.4%; P < .05) and TOI (p1, –17.0%; p1.5, –17.7%; P < .05) decreased in EXP. V̇O2 values were similar (P > 0.05). An “overshoot“ in normalized [HHb]:V̇O2 was observed, although the increase was significant only during p1.5 (+58.7%, P = .003). No difference in the aforementioned variables was noted in CON (P > .05).Conclusions:The concentric and, particularly, the eccentric loads characterizing this extreme ultratrail-running bout may have led to variations in muscle structure and function, increasing the local muscle deoxygenation profile and the imbalance between O2 delivery to working muscles and muscle O2 consumption. This highlights the importance of incorporating graded training, particularly downhill bouts, to reduce the negative influence of concentric and severe eccentric loads to the microcirculatory function and to enhance the ability of runners to sustain such loading.

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TEMESI, JOHN, THOMAS RUPP, VINCENT MARTIN, PIERRICK J. ARNAL, LÉONARD FÉASSON, SAMUEL VERGES, and GUILLAUME Y. MILLET. "Central Fatigue Assessed by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Ultratrail Running." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 46, no. 6 (June 2014): 1166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000207.

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Collado Andrés, Claudia, Bárbara Hernando, Carlos Hernando, and Conrado Martínez Cadenas. "¿Qué repercusión a nivel fisiológico puede tener realizar una carrera de ultratrail? Análisis de la alteración de biomarcadores de daño cardíaco y muscular en corredores amateurs de ultratrail." Àgora de salut VII (2020): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/agorasalut.2020.7.6.

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Bernardo, Paul Palomero, Christoph Gerum, Adrian Frischknecht, Konstantin Lubeck, and Oliver Bringmann. "UltraTrail: A Configurable Ultralow-Power TC-ResNet AI Accelerator for Efficient Keyword Spotting." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 39, no. 11 (November 2020): 4240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.3012320.

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André, C., J. Girard, S. Gautier, P. Derambure, and M. Rochoy. "Training modalities and self-medication behaviors in a sample of runners during an ultratrail." Science & Sports 35, no. 1 (February 2020): 48.e1–48.e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2019.04.007.

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Picco, José, Sebastián Wolff, Emanuel González Dávila, and David Wolff. "Sex differences between pre and post effort ultra marathon athletes." Revista Argentina de Cardiologia 89, no. 1 (February 2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7775/rac.v89.ia.19245.

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Background: The presence of women in ultramarathon competitions has become increasingly frequent. Physiological adaptations and response to maximum exercise are influenced differently according to gender. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences observed in ultramarathon or ultratrail athletes (mountain races over 42 km), at rest (physiological adaptations) and post-endurance exercise [exercise-induced cardiac fatigue (EICF)], stratified by training parameters. Methods: Twenty-five athletes (6 women) who participated in the Mendoza crossing race (55 km in the mountains) were evaluated before and after the end of the race using Doppler echocardiography and myocardial deformation techniques (post-processing). Training and running parameters were documented with sports watches. Immediate post-endurance exercise blood withdrawal was performed to document variables associated with cardiac fatigue. Results: The race was completed by 24 athletes, 19 men (42±12 years) and 5 women (38±4 years). Women and men presented similar training loads and completed the race with no difference in time. Decreased left myocardial function parameters (EICF) were observed in 50% of men and 5% of women. Conclusions: Despite no differences in training characteristics were found, less baseline physiological adaptation and a lower incidence of EICF was observed in women.

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Дисертації з теми "Ultratrail"

Mashal, Mohammad Shafiq. "Développement et validation d'une méthode HPLC-MS/HRMS pour le criblage d'AINS dans la salive et le sang capillaire : application à l'étude de la prévalence des AINS dans l'ultratrail." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2022. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m63n2397.

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Les anti-inflammatoires non stéroidiens (AINS) sont l’un des médicaments les plus utilisés dans le monde, accessibles sur ordonnances ou en vente libre. Plusieurs articles ont fait état d’une forte consommation d’AINS par des coureurs pendant les ultratrails. Plusieurs études montrent qu’environ 50% des coureurs utillisent des AINS sans ordonnance médicale, sans forcément connaître leurs effets indésirables et leur toxicité. A ce jour, seulement des données basées sur des questionnaires ont été rapportées sur la prévalence des AINS chez les ultratrailers. Or, en raison de la méconnaissance des coureurs concernant les AINS, l’utilisation du questionnaire peut entraîner des résultats faux positifs ou faux négatifs. Dans cette étude, nous avons étudié la prévalence des AINS chez les utratrailers via des prélèvements de salive et sang capillaire. Des protocoles de préparation d’échantillon et une méthode LC-MS/HRMS ont été développés puis validés pour 19 AINS dans la salive et pour 18 AINS dans le sang capillaire. La méthode a été appliquée avec succès sur des échantillons collectés auprès de participants de l’Ultratrail du Mont Blanc® (UTMB®) 2021. Les résultats ont montré une prévalence des AINS supérieure dans les prélèvements de sang capillaire (46,6%) que dans les prélèvements salivaires (18,5%) ainsi qu’à partir des données du questionnaire (13,8%). En conclusion, ce travail est le premier rapportant l’identification et la quantification d’autant d’AINS dans la salive et le sang capillaire. De plus, l’étude menée lors de l’UTMB® 2021 a montré que la recherche d’AINS dans le sang capillaire est le moyen le plus pertinent pour étudier la prévalence dans l’ultratrail
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most used drugs worldwide accessible through medical prescription or over-the-counter (OTC). Several published articles have reported a high consumption of NSAIDs by runners during ultratrail. Pain relief and prevention are the main reasons for these drugs consumption by runners. Several studies reported that around 50% runners used NSAIDs without medical prescription, these data show that half of runner may have low information or even lack of information about NSAIDs adverse effects. Up to date, only questionnaire-based data reported about NSAIDs prevalence by the runners. Therefore, using questionnaire may not provide the right information and leads to false positive or false negative results. In this study, we used oral fluid (OF) and dried blood spots (DBS), as biological samples for the study of NSAIDs consumption prevalence by the runners. Sample preparation workflows and a LC-MS/HRMS analytical method were developed and validated according to European Medicines Agency guideline for 19 and 18 different NSAIDs in OF and DBS, respectively. The method was successfully applied on OF and DBS samples collected from Ultramarathon du Mont Blanc® 2021. Results showed a higher prevalence of NSAIDs using DBS (46.6%) than OF (18.5%) and questionnaire (13.8%). To conclude, this work is the first one that reported a LC-MS/HRMS method for identification and quantification of as many NSAIDs in oral fluid and dried blood spots. Moreover, the prospective study conducted on UTMB® 2021 showed that the analysis of drugs directly in DBS is the most relevant tool to determine the prevalence in ultratrail events

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Ding, Wenwu Carleton University Dissertation Chemistry. "Electrochemical hydride generation for ultratrace analysis." Ottawa, 1995.

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HernaÌndez, BeleÌn. "Ultratrace analysis by resonance ionisation mass spectrometry (RIMS)." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396526.

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Xu, Fei 1971. "Investigation of Ultratrace Metallic and Organic Contaminants in Semiconductor Processing Environments." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277845/.

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Detection of ultratrace levels of metallic ion impurities in hydrofluoric acid solutions and alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution was demonstrated using a silicon-based sensing electrode. The sensor's operation principle is based on direct measurements of the silicon open-circuit potential shift generated by the interaction between metallic ions and the silicon-based sensing surface. The new sensor can have practical applications in the on-line monitoring of microelectronic chemical processing. The detection of Ag+ content in KODAK waste water was carried out successfully by this novel sensor. Trace levels of organic impurities in the hydrofluoric acid solutions and in the cleanroom air were characterized by multiple internal reflection infrared spectroscopy (MIRIS) using an organics probe prepared directly from a regular silicon wafer.

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Taylor, Ian. "Novel chelating silicas for the preconcentration of ultratrace metals in natural waters." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316134.

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Worrasettapong, Watcharapong. "Ultratrace analysis and speciation studies on trace elements in environmental and biological samples." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269381.

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Huber, Jessica [Verfasser]. "Development of enhanced analytical methods for ultratrace determination of mercury in natural water / Jessica Huber." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138277746/34.

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HASEGAWA, Takuya, Hirotaka MATSUURA, Kazumi INAGAKI, and Hiroki HARAGUCHI. "Major-to-Ultratrace Elements in Bone-Marrow Fluid as Determined by ICP-AES and ICP-MS." 日本分析化学会, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8747.

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Wallace, Nicole. "Forensic Science Applications Utilizing Nanomanipulation-Coupled to Nanospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Ultra-Trace Illicit Drugs." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33209/.

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Presented in this thesis are two methods that are coupled to the instrumentation for the recovery and analysis of ultra-trace illicit drug residues. The electrostatic dust lifting process is coupled with nanomanipulation-nanospray ionization to retrieve drug particles off of hard surfaces for analysis. For the second method, drug residues from fingerprint impressions are extracted followed by analysis. The methodology of these hyphenated techniques toward forensic science applications is applied as to explore limits of detection, sensitivity, and selectivity of analytes as well as immediacy and efficiency of analysis. The application of nanomanipulation-coupled to nanospray ionization-mass spectrometry toward forensic science based applications is considered as future improvements to trace and ultra-trace analysis.

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Darrouzes, Jérôme. "Amélioration des étapes analytiques pour la spéciation du sélénium au niveau ultratrace : Apport d'un spectromètre de masse à couplage inductif équipé d'une cellule de collision/réaction (ICP-CC/R-MS)." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3029.

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Au vu de l'importance des propriétés du sélénium, de nombreux travaux ont été menés afin de développer des méthodes d'analyse de spéciation de cet élément. Le couplage entre la chromatographie liquide haute performance et le spectromètre de masse à couplage inductif est le plus utilisé. L'objectif des travaux réalisés dans le cadre de cette thèse a été d'atteindre l'analyse de spéciation du sélénium au niveau ultratrace, incluant à la fois des composés organiques et inorganiques. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé les dernières générations d'ICPMS quadripolaires équipés d'un dispositif de collision/réaction qui permet de supprimer les interférences polyatomiques sur les isotopes majoritaires du sélénium. L'optimisation des conditions d'utilisation de ce dispositif ainsi que l'amélioration des techniques en amont de la détection ont été successivement réalisées. Les techniques développées ont été validées puis appliquées à des échantillons d'eaux ainsi qu'à des échantillons biologiques. Ces méthodes permettent l'analyse de spéciation du sélénium au niveau du ng(Se). L-1 dans des échantillons réels
Due to the important properties of selenium, numerous works have been undertaken to realize the speciation analysis of this element. The coupling of an HPLC with a mass spectrometer is commonly used. This report presents the improvements realized on the existing methods to simultaneously analyse inorganic and organic species at the ultratrace level. We have used the last generation of quadrupole ICPMS equipped with collision/reaction cell to remove argon based polyatomic intereferences on major selenium isotopes. The optimization of this device as well as improvement of analytical steps before detection have been carefully realised. The developed techniques have been validated and applied to different water and biological samples at the ng(Se). L-1 level

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Книги з теми "Ultratrail"

G, Jadhav S., and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, eds. A clean laboratory for ultratrace analysis, the ultratrace analytical facility (UTAF). Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2003.

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Ahuja, Satinder. Trace and ultratrace analysis by HPLC. New York: Wiley, 1992.

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I, Shtangeeva, ed. Trace and ultratrace elements in plants and soil. Southampton: WIT Press, 2005.

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W, Busch Kenneth, and Busch Marianna A, eds. Cavity-ringdown spectroscopy: An ultratrace-absorption measurement technique. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1999.

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1933-, Ahuja Satinder, ed. Ultratrace analysis of pharmaceuticals and other compounds of interest. New York: Wiley, 1986.

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A, McKenzie Hugh, and Smythe Lloyd E, eds. Quantitative trace analysis of biological materials: Principles and methods for determination of trace elements and trace amounts of some macroelements. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988.

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Kankyō Shiryō no Gokubiryō Bunseki ni Kansuru Kenkyūkai (2001 Nihon Genshiryoku Kenkyūjo Tōkai Kenkyūjo). Kankyō Shiryō no Gokubiryō Bunseki ni Kansuru Kenkyūkai kōen hobunshū: 2001-nen 11-gatsu 28-nichi, Tōkai Kenkyūjo, Tōkai-mura. Ibaraki-ken Naka-gun Tōkai-mura: Nihon Genshiryoku Kenkyūjo, 2002.

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Ultratrail Agenda 2021: Organiseur Personnel d'entraînement - 15 X 23 Cm - 172 Pages - Optimiser Vos Sorties Pour Progresser Rapidement et Atteindre Vos Objectifs. Independently Published, 2020.

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Ultratrim Bible-NSV. World Bible Publishing, 2004.

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Frieden, Earl. Biochemistry of the Essential Ultratrace Elements. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Частини книг з теми "Ultratrail"

Nielsen, Forrest H. "Ultratrace Elements: An Update." In Trace Elements in Clinical Medicine, 353–60. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68120-5_47.

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Moreda-Piñeiro, Antonio, Elena Peña-Vázquez, and Pilar Bermejo-Barrera. "Significance of the Presence of Trace and Ultratrace Elements in Seaweeds." In Handbook of Marine Macroalgae, 116–70. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119977087.ch6.

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Schlemmer, Gerhard, and Bernard Radziuk. "AAS: a simple and rugged system for trace and ultratrace elemental analysis." In Analytical Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, 1–42. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7576-9_1.

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Hoppstock, K., and F. Alt. "Voltammetric determination of ultratrace platinum and rhodium in biological and environmental samples." In Anthropogenic Platinum-Group Element Emissions, 145–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59678-0_15.

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Wildner, H. "Plasma source mass spectrometric techniques and highly efficient sample introduction systems as tools for the ultratrace determination of PGE." In Anthropogenic Platinum-Group Element Emissions, 191–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59678-0_20.

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Nielsen, F. "Ultratrace Elements." In Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition, 299–310. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-375083-9.00270-1.

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Nielsen, F. "ULTRATRACE ELEMENTS*." In Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition, 299–311. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-226694-3/00306-9.

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Bucci, Luke R. "Ultratrace Minerals." In Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 151–66. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003068860-10.

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"Ultratrace Minerals." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 3841. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_6100.

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Nielsen, Forrest H. "Ultratrace elements." In Reference Module in Food Science. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821848-8.00094-9.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Ultratrail"

Lawrie, Ben, Wenjiang Fan, Phil Evans, and Raphael Pooser. "Ultratrace Quantum Plasmonic Sensing." In Optical Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sensors.2015.sew1b.4.

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Inaba, Hiroshi, Toru Matsumura, Yoko Saito, and Hiroyuki Matsumoto. "Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon With Ultratrace Hydrogen." In ASME 2014 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2014-6928.

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In heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) where near-field light from a head heats up a disk, disk overcoat needs to be heat-resistive and transparent. ta-C (tetrahedral amorphous carbon) films have been considered to be promising for HAMR disk overcoat, because they are denser and harder than diamond-like carbon (DLC) films that have been used as disk overcoat. In the previous study, ta-C did not show any change in the film thickness by heating up to 450 degrees Celsius, approving a heat-resistant high protective film [1]. The purpose of this study is to investigate enhanced ta-C, which is harder, denser and higher-thermostability than those of conventional ta-C in reference to that nanometer-sized diamonds were more stable than graphite by adding the small amount of hydrogen [2]. In this report, ultratrace hydrogenerated ta-C, amorphous films, was investigated to expect similar effect as was observed in the crystalline films.

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Syage, Jack A., James E. Pollard, and Ronald B. Cohen. "Ultratrace Detection of Atmospheric Contaminants by Supersonic Molecular Beam, Multiphoton Ionization, Mass Spectroscopy." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1987.pdp11.

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Wendt, K. "Ultratrace determination of long-lived radioactive isotopes." In The ninth international symposium on resonance ionization spectroscopy:New directions and applications. AIP, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.57169.

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Parks, J. E., L. J. Moore, M. T. Spaar, D. W. Beekman, and E. H. Taylor. "Ultratrace Solids Analyses Using Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1987.tub1.

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Sputter initiated resonance ionization spectroscopy (SIRIS) is a new, ultrasensitive analytical technique for solids analysis, particularly in the fields of semiconductors, geophysics, biology, medicine, health physics, and basic science. SIRIS uses sputtering to atomize a solid sample and tunable dye lasers to selectively excite and ionize a selected element with the use of resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS). The RIS process provides good sensitivity and allows interference-free measurements. The sensitivity is sufficiently high that analyses can be performed with a pulsed ion beam which does not sputter away more than an equivalent monolayer of the sample during an analysis. Thus, it is inherently a technique for surface analysis and for the analysis of very thin samples. For bulk analysis or for depth profiling, material can be removed by sputtering with a dc ion beam. The RIS technique is reviewed and the SIRIS technique is described along with the apparatus used at Atom Sciences. Applications for SIRIS are discussed and the results of measurements illustrating these applications are presented. For bulk analysis of gallium in silicon, a sensitivity of 2 ppb has been demonstrated. Depth profiles of silicon in gallium arsenide were made and recent results are presented. In a medical application, blood serum has been analyzed for trace amounts of copper and molybdenum. SIRIS allows the analysis of small, less than 0.1 ml, samples and is calibrated by the use of isotope dilution. Sensitivities of 20 pg are reported for molybdenum.

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Pooser, Raphael, and Ben Lawrie. "Ultratrace Plasmonic Sensing below the Shot Noise Limit." In CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2016.ff1c.7.

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Trautmann, N. "Ultratrace analysis of long-lived radioisotopes in the environment." In The 7th international symposium: Resonance ionization spectroscopy 1994. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.47619.

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Cannon, B. D. "Hyperfine spectroscopy of krypton-81." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.tuy33.

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The hyperfine constants of krypton-81 and its isotope shifts relative to the stable krypton isotopes were measured for several transitions from the 5s [3/2] J = 2 metastable state. These measurements used continuous-wave single-frequency lasers for Doppler-free two-photon and saturated absorption spectroscopy. These measurements and the implications of the measured splittings for proposed ultratrace detection of krypton-81 for dating ancient ground water and glaciers will be discussed.

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Kovacs, Melinda H., Zaharie Moldovan, and Dumitru Ristoiu. "Mutagenic contaminants bioaccumulation detection at ultratrace levels from complex biological matrices." In Advanced Topics in Optoelectronics, Microelectronics, and Nanotechnologies 2012, edited by Paul Schiopu and Razvan Tamas. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.966599.

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Fuchigami, Tetsuhiro, Totaro Imasaka, and Masanobu Shiga. "Ultratrace analysis of biological substances by capillary electrophoresis/semiconductor laser fluorometry." In OE/LASE'93: Optics, Electro-Optics, & Laser Applications in Science& Engineering, edited by Joseph R. Lakowicz and Richard B. Thompson. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.144729.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Ultratrail"

Beitz, J. V. Ultratrace determination of curium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/58066.

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Olson, G. J., F. E. Brinckman, C. L. Matthias, and J. M. Bellama. A comprehensive method for the determination of aquatic butyltin species at ultratrace levels using simultaneous hybridizationextraction with GC-FPD. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.85-3295.

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McAninch, J. E., and I. D. Proctor. Technetium-99 and strontium-90: Abundance determination at ultratrace sensitivity by AMS as signatures of undeclared nuclear reprocessing activity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/171355.

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I, Improvement of Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (RIS) techniques; II, Atomic data for RIS; III, Standards for ultratrace analysis. Progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10180751.

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