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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 28 вересня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Thygesen, K., J. Alpert, and H. White. "UNIVERSAL DEFINITION OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION." Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology 4, no. 5 (January 1, 2008): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2008-4-5-91-105.

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2

Parkhomenko, O. M. "Universal definition of myocardial infarction." Ukrainian Journal of Cardiology 28, no. 6 (February 1, 2022): 41–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31928/1608-635x-2021.6.4168.

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Анотація:

The document is based on the Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction, developed jointly by experts from the European Society of Cardiology (ETC) / American College of Cardiology (ACC) / American Heart Association (AHA) and the World Heart Federation (WFF) working group.

3

Thygesen, Kristian, Joseph S. Alpert, and Harvey D. White. "Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction." Circulation 116, no. 22 (November 27, 2007): 2634–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.107.187397.

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4

Hall, A. S., and J. H. Barth. "Universal definition of myocardial infarction." Heart 95, no. 3 (November 25, 2008): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2008.147223.

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5

Thygesen, Kristian, Joseph S. Alpert, and Harvey D. White. "Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 50, no. 22 (November 2007): 2173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.011.

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6

Thygesen, Kristian, Joseph Alpert, Allan Jaffe, Maarten Simoons, Berbard Chaitman, and Harvey White. "Third universal definition of myocardial infarction." Srce i krvni sudovi 32, no. 4 (2013): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/siks1301029t.

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7

Singh Joy, Subhashni D. "Updated Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 113, no. 2 (February 2013): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000426696.49696.ec.

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8

Thygesen, Kristian, Joseph S. Alpert, Allan S. Jaffe, Maarten L. Simoons, Bernard R. Chaitman, Harvey D. White, Kristian Thygesen, et al. "Third universal definition of myocardial infarction." European Heart Journal 33, no. 20 (August 24, 2012): 2551–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs184.

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9

Thygesen, Kristian, Joseph S. Alpert, and Harvey D. White. "Third universal definition of myocardial infarction." Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition) 32, no. 7-8 (July 2013): 643–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.repce.2013.10.002.

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10

Locca, Didier, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Giuseppe Ferrante, Alessio La Manna, Niall G. Keenan, Agata Grasso, Peter Barlis, et al. "New Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction." JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions 3, no. 9 (September 2010): 950–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2010.06.015.

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11

Thygesen, Kristian, Joseph S. Alpert, Allan S. Jaffe, Maarten L. Simoons, Bernard R. Chaitman, and Harvey D. White. "Third universal definition of myocardial infarction." Nature Reviews Cardiology 9, no. 11 (August 25, 2012): 620–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2012.122.

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12

Molero-Díez, Yaiza Beatriz, Álvaro Sánchez-Tabernero, Francisco Antonio Ruiz-Simón, and Raquel Sanchis-Dux. "Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction." Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology 47, no. 3 (July 2019): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cj9.0000000000000120.

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13

Thygesen, Kristian, Joseph S. Alpert, Allan S. Jaffe, Maarten L. Simoons, Bernard R. Chaitman, and Harvey D. White. "Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction." Circulation 126, no. 16 (October 16, 2012): 2020–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/cir.0b013e31826e1058.

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14

Sandoval, Yader, Kristian Thygesen, and Allan S. Jaffe. "The Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction." Circulation 141, no. 18 (May 5, 2020): 1434–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.045708.

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15

Thygesen, Kristian, Joseph S. Alpert, Allan S. Jaffe, Maarten L. Simoons, Bernard R. Chaitman, Harvey D. White, Kristian Thygesen, et al. "Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 60, no. 16 (October 2012): 1581–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.001.

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16

Vojáček, Jan, Petr Janský, and Tomáš Janota. "Third universal definition of myocardial infarction." Cor et Vasa 55, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): e228-e235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvasa.2012.12.004.

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17

Jaffe, Allan S. "Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction." Clinical Biochemistry 46, no. 1-2 (January 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.10.036.

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18

Thygesen, Kristian, Joseph S. Alpert, Allan S. Jaffe, Maarten L. Simoons, Bernard R. Chaitman, and Harvey D. White. "Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction." Global Heart 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2012.08.001.

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19

Thygesen, Kristian, Joseph S. Alpert, Allan S. Jaffe, Bernard R. Chaitman, Jeroen J. Bax, David A. Morrow, Harvey D. White, et al. "Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018)." European Heart Journal 40, no. 3 (August 25, 2018): 237–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy462.

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20

Paiva, Luis, Rui Providência, Sérgio Barra, Paulo Dinis, Ana C. Faustino, and Lino Gonçalves. "Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Clinical Insights." Cardiology 131, no. 1 (2015): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000371739.

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Aims: The universal definition of myocardial infarction (MI) classifies acute ischaemia into different classes according to lesion mechanism. Our aim was to perform a detailed comparison between these different types of MI in terms of baseline characteristics, management and prognosis. Methods and Results: An observational retrospective single-centre cohort study was performed, including 1,000 consecutive patients admitted for type 1 (76.4%) or type 2 MI (23.6%). Type 2 MI patients were older, had a higher prevalence of comorbidities and worse medical status at admission. In-hospital mortality did not differ significantly between the MI groups (8.8 vs. 9.7%, p = 0.602). However, mortality during follow-up was almost 3 times higher in type 2 MIs (HR 2.75, p < 0.001). Type 2 MI was an independent all-cause mortality risk marker, adding discriminatory power to the GRACE model. Finally, important differences in traditional risk score performances (GRACE, CRUSADE) were found between both MI types. Conclusions: Several important baseline differences were found between these MI types. Regarding prognosis, long-term survival is significantly compromised in type 2 MIs, potentially translating patients' higher medical complexity and frailty. Distinction between type 1 and type 2 MI seems to have important implications in clinical practice and likely also in the results of clinical trials.

21

Linden, Belinda. "The third universal definition of myocardial infarction." British Journal of Cardiac Nursing 8, no. 1 (January 2013): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjca.2013.8.1.8.

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22

Thygesen, Kristian, Joseph S. Alpert, Allan S. Jaffe, Bernard R. Chaitman, Jeroen J. Bax, David A. Morrow, and Harvey D. White. "Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018)." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 72, no. 18 (October 2018): 2231–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1038.

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23

Thygesen, Kristian, Joseph S. Alpert, Allan S. Jaffe, Bernard R. Chaitman, Jeroen J. Bax, David A. Morrow, and Harvey D. White. "Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018)." Global Heart 13, no. 4 (December 2018): 305–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2018.08.004.

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24

Kaier, Thomas E., Bashir Alaour, and Michael Marber. "Cardiac troponin and defining myocardial infarction." Cardiovascular Research 117, no. 10 (January 17, 2021): 2203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaa331.

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Abstract The 4th Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction has stimulated considerable debate since its publication in 2018. The intention was to define the types of myocardial injury through the lens of their underpinning pathophysiology. In this review, we discuss how the 4th Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction defines infarction and injury and the necessary pragmatic adjustments that appear in clinical guidelines to maximize triage of real-world patients.

25

Chapman, Andrew R., Philip D. Adamson, Anoop S. V. Shah, Atul Anand, Fiona E. Strachan, Amy V. Ferry, Kuan Ken Lee, et al. "High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin and the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction." Circulation 141, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.119.042960.

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Background: The introduction of more sensitive cardiac troponin assays has led to increased recognition of myocardial injury in acute illnesses other than acute coronary syndrome. The Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction recommends high-sensitivity cardiac troponin testing and classification of patients with myocardial injury based on pathogenesis, but the clinical implications of implementing this guideline are not well understood. Methods: In a stepped-wedge cluster randomized, controlled trial, we implemented a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assay and the recommendations of the Universal Definition in 48 282 consecutive patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. In a prespecified secondary analysis, we compared the primary outcome of myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death and secondary outcome of noncardiovascular death at 1 year across diagnostic categories. Results: Implementation increased the diagnosis of type 1 myocardial infarction by 11% (510/4471), type 2 myocardial infarction by 22% (205/916), and acute and chronic myocardial injury by 36% (443/1233) and 43% (389/898), respectively. Compared with those without myocardial injury, the rate of the primary outcome was highest in those with type 1 myocardial infarction (cause-specific hazard ratio [HR] 5.64 [95% CI, 5.12–6.22]), but was similar across diagnostic categories, whereas noncardiovascular deaths were highest in those with acute myocardial injury (cause specific HR 2.65 [95% CI, 2.33–3.01]). Despite modest increases in antiplatelet therapy and coronary revascularization after implementation in patients with type 1 myocardial infarction, the primary outcome was unchanged (cause specific HR 1.00 [95% CI, 0.82–1.21]). Increased recognition of type 2 myocardial infarction and myocardial injury did not lead to changes in investigation, treatment or outcomes. Conclusions: Implementation of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays and the recommendations of the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction identified patients at high-risk of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular events but was not associated with consistent increases in treatment or improved outcomes. Trials of secondary prevention are urgently required to determine whether this risk is modifiable in patients without type 1 myocardial infarction. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01852123.

26

Alpert, Joseph S., Kristian Thygesen, Harvey D. White, and Allan S. Jaffe. "Implications of the universal definition of myocardial infarction." Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 5, no. 11 (September 9, 2008): 678–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpcardio1329.

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27

BARBARASH, OLGA L., and VASILIY V. KASHTALAP. "FOURTH UNIVERSAL DEFINITION OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. FOCUS ON THE TYPE 2 MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION." Fundamental and Clinical Medicine 3, no. 4 (December 2018): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2018-3-4-73-82.

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28

Liang, M., A. Al-Sinan, I. Webb, P. Larsen, and S. Harding. "Current Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction Fails to Reproducibly Define Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction." Heart, Lung and Circulation 22 (January 2013): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.083.

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29

Vafaie, Mehrshad. "State-of-the-art diagnosis of myocardial infarction." Diagnosis 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dx-2016-0024.

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AbstractThe current version of the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (MI) was published in 2012. An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is characterized by evidence of myocardial necrosis in a clinical setting of acute myocardial ischemia. Diagnostic criteria include a rise and/or fall of serially tested cardiac biomarkers (preferentially cardiac troponins) with at least one value above the 99th percentile of the upper reference limit combined with symptoms of ischemia, new changes on electrocardiogram (ECG), imaging evidence of a new loss of viable myocardium or new regional wall motion abnormalities or the identification of an intracoronary thrombus by angiography or autopsy. Compared to previous versions, the current definition of MI includes minor modifications regarding ECG criteria and subtypes of MI as well as the use of cardiac imaging and high sensitivity troponin assays. This article summarizes the Universal MI definition and includes recommendations from the current guidelines for the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Strategies for “early rule-in” and “rule-out” of non-ST-elevation MI with high sensitivity cardiac troponin assays, risk scores for assessment of ischemic and bleeding risk and criteria for optimal timing of angiography are presented.

30

Hartikainen, Tau S., Nils Arne Sörensen, Paul Michael Haller, Alina Goßling, Jonas Lehmacher, Tanja Zeller, Stefan Blankenberg, Dirk Westermann, and Johannes Tobias Neumann. "Clinical application of the 4th Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction." European Heart Journal 41, no. 23 (February 20, 2020): 2209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa035.

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Abstract Aims The recently released 4th version of the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (UDMI) introduces an increased emphasis on the entities of acute and chronic myocardial injury. We applied the 4th UDMI retrospectively in patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms potentially indicating myocardial infarction (MI) to investigate its effect on diagnosis and prognosis. Methods and results We included 2302 patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of MI. The final diagnosis was adjudicated sequentially according to the 3rd and 4th UDMI. Reclassification after readjudication was assessed. Established diagnostic algorithms for patients with suspected MI were applied to compare diagnostic accuracy. All patients were followed to assess mortality, recurrent MI, revascularization, and rehospitalization to investigate the effect of the 4th UDMI on prognosis. After readjudication, 697 patients were reclassified. Most of these patients were reclassified as having acute (n = 78) and chronic myocardial injury (n = 585). Four hundred and thirty-four (18.9%) patients were diagnosed with MI, compared with 501 (21.8%) MIs when adjudication was based on the 3rd UDMI. In the non-MI population, patients with myocardial injury (n = 663) were older, more often female and had worse renal function compared with patients without myocardial injury (n = 1205). Application of diagnostic algorithms for patients with suspected MI revealed a high accuracy after readjudication. Reclassified patients had a substantially higher rate of cardiovascular events compared with not-reclassified patients, particularly patients reclassified to the category of myocardial injury. Conclusion By accentuating the categories of acute and chronic myocardial injury the 4th UDMI succeeds to identify patients with higher risk for cardiovascular events and poorer outcome and thus seems to improve risk assessment in patients with suspected MI. Application of established diagnostic algorithms remains safe when using the 4th UDMI.

31

Alpert, J. S., K. Thygesen, A. Jaffe, and H. D. White. "The universal definition of myocardial infarction: a consensus document." Heart 94, no. 10 (August 9, 2007): 1335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2008.151233.

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32

Cediel, German, Maribel González-del-Hoyo, Gil Bonet, Anna Carrasquer, Carme Boqué, and Alfredo Bardají. "Clinical Acceptance of the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction." Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) 72, no. 4 (April 2019): 353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2018.03.022.

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33

Jaffe, Allan S., and Fred S. Apple. "The Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction—Moving Forward." Clinical Chemistry 58, no. 12 (December 1, 2012): 1727–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2012.196832.

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34

White, Harvey. "Avatar of the Universal Definition of Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 62, no. 17 (October 2013): 1571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.08.721.

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35

Gharini, Putrika Prastuti Ratna. "Is Plaque Rupture Always Responsible in Acute Coronary Syndrome?" ACI (Acta Cardiologia Indonesiana) 5, no. 1 (P) (July 18, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/aci.47681.

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The majority cause of myocardial infarction is the atherothrombotic event, mainly cause by plaque rupture. Since the 20th century, it was found that the plaque rupture was not the solely condition responsible for the acute coronary syndrome. With the invention of more sensitive myocardial biomarker, a series of guideline was written as guideline for the definition of myocardial infarction. This review discuss about the consensus in the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction.

36

Kuznetsova, Olga Yu, Tatiana A. Dubikaitis, Elena V. Frolova, Irina E. Moiseeva, and Irina A. Zobenko. "The classification of acute myocardial infarction types and the preconditions for its development. Type II myocardial infarction." Russian Family Doctor 21, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd201735-15.

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The article presents the concept of myocardial infarction of the second type in the context of the universal definition of acute myocardial infarction. The problem of differential diagnosis for heart attacks first vs. the second types is discussed.

37

Tricoci, Pierluigi. "Consensus or Controversy?: Evolution of Criteria for Myocardial Infarction After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention." Clinical Chemistry 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2016.255208.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The definition and the clinical implications of myocardial infarction (MI) occurring in the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention have been subjects of unresolved controversy. As a result of the use of more sensitive diagnostic tools such as cardiac troponin, the expanding evidence, and the ensuing debate, the definition of procedural MI (pMI) has evolved, leading to several revisions, different proposed definitions, and lack of standardization in randomized clinical trials. CONTENT In this review, we will describe the key clinical data on cardiac biomarkers, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB and cTn, in the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention and the main issues that have lead to various consensus documents with a proposed definition of pMI. We will focus on the rationale of the current “Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction” and of the alternative approach proposed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. SUMMARY The definition of pMI is an evolving field where the Third Universal MI definition represents the best attempt to date to incorporate available evidence along with scientific and clinical judgment into criteria to ensure adequate specificity in the diagnosis and the relevant prognostic significance, while trying to maintain sensitivity. Questions on the recommended criteria and their practical implementation remain, but the Third Universal definition document represents an important milestone toward a better standardization and enhanced consensus on the pMI definition.

38

Langørgen, Jørund, Marta Ebbing, Jannicke Igland, Jan Erik Nordrehaug, Stein Emil Vollset, Anne Kask, Grethe S. Tell, and Ottar Nygård. "The universal 2012 definition of myocardial infarction compared to the 2007 definition." Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal 50, no. 4 (June 16, 2016): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14017431.2016.1191664.

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39

Gersh, B. J. "Will the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction Criteria Results in an Overdiagnosis of Myocardial Infarction?" Yearbook of Cardiology 2010 (January 2010): 350–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0145-4145(09)79747-3.

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40

Eggers, Kai M., Lars Lind, Per Venge, and Bertil Lindahl. "Will the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction Criteria Result in an Overdiagnosis of Myocardial Infarction?" American Journal of Cardiology 103, no. 5 (March 2009): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.11.007.

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41

Malsteva, L. O., W. W. Nikonov, N. A. Kazimirova, and A. A. Lopata. "Post-infections and sepsis associated myocardial infarction: casuistic masks." EMERGENCY MEDICINE 16, no. 7-8 (April 5, 2021): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0586.16.7-8.2020.223711.

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The review aims to present the chronological sequence of developing universal definitions of myocardial infarction, new ideas for improving the screening of post-infectious and sepsis-associated myocardial infarction (MI) (casuistic masks of myocardial infarction). The stages of the development of the common and global definition of myocardial infarction are outlined: 1 — by WHO working groups based on ECG for epidemiological studies; 2 — by the European Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardio-logy using clinical and biochemical approaches; 3 — the Global Task Force consensus document of universal definition with subsequent classification of MI into five subtypes (spontaneous, dissonance in oxygen delivery and consumption; lethal outcome before the rise of specific markers of myocardial damage; PCI-associated; CABG- associated); 4 — review by the Joint Task Force of the above document based on the inclusion of more sensitive markers — troponins; 5 — the allocation of 17 non-ischemic myocardial damage, accompanied by an increase in the level of troponin; 6 — characteristic of the atrial natriuretic peptide from the standpoint of its synthesis, storage, release, diagnostic value as a biomarker of acute myocardial damage; 7 — a clinical definition of myocardial infarction, presented in materials of the III Consensus on myocardial infarction 2017. The diagnosis of myocardial infarction using the criteria set in this document requires the integration of clinical data, ECG patterns, laboratory data, imaging findings, and, in some cases, pathological results, which are considered in the context of the time frame of the suspected event. K. Thygesen et al. consider the additional use of: 1) cardiovascular magnetic resonance to determine the etiology of myocardial damage; 2) computer coronary angiography with suspected myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction is a combination of specific cardio markers with at least one of the symptoms listed above. The formation of myocardial infarction can occur during/after acute respiratory infection. Causal relationships between these two states are established. Post-infectious myocardial infarction is strongly recommended to be individualized as a separate diagnostic entity. In sepsis, global myocardial ischemia with ischemic myocardial damage arises as a result of humoral and cellular factors, accompanied by an increase in troponins, a decrease in the ejection fraction of the left ventricle by 45 % and an increase in the final diastolic size of the left ventricle, the development of sepsis-associated multiple organ failure, which is an unfavourable prognosis factor.

42

Tehrani, David M., and Arnold H. Seto. "Third universal definition of myocardial infarction: Update, caveats, differential diagnoses." Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 80, no. 12 (December 2013): 777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.80a.12158.

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43

Vucinic, Zarko. "New universal definition of myocardial infarction: What is the difference?" Vojnosanitetski pregled 65, no. 3 (2008): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0803243v.

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<zakljucak> Ucinjene su brojne izmene univerzalne definicije infarkta miokarda u odnosu na verziju iz 2000. godine, ali troponin ostaje zlatni standard za opstu definiciju u miljeu karakteristicnog klinickog scenarija za ishemiju miokarda i tipicnih EKG promena. Svako povecanje troponina ne znaci istovremeno i definitivno infarkt miokarda. Postoje i mnogi drugi uzroci porasta troponina. Nekroza miokarda nije uvek posledica ishemije, vec postoje i druge nokse koje mogu dovesti do smrti celija miokarda. U novim preporukama navodi se da je troponin 'izabrani' marker, ali i drugi biomarkeri, pre svega MB frakcija kreatinin kinaze, mogu biti dovoljni, ako nije dostupan test sa troponinom. Ostale inovacije ukljucuju kriterijume za infarkt miokarda kao uzrocnika naprasne smrti i posebna tezina koja se daje nalazima dobijenim ehokardiografski, perfuzionom scintigrafijom i ostalim neinvazivnim metodama. Jedan od ciljeva ovog konsenzusa je da se utvrde specificni kriterijumi za postavljenje dijagnoze infarkta miokarda koji ce biti moderni, prakticni i relevantni u svakoj prilici sirom sveta. Ideja je bila da se definicija standardizuje tako da sve klinicke studije i svi ljudi u bolnicama sirom sveta budu 'na istoj talasnoj duzini'.

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Lanza, G. A. "The universal definition of myocardial infarction: some issues and concerns." European Heart Journal 29, no. 9 (March 20, 2008): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehn130.

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Thygesen, Kristian. "What’s new in the Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial infarction?" European Heart Journal 39, no. 42 (November 7, 2018): 3757–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy655.

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White, Harvey D., Kristian Thygesen, Joseph S. Alpert, and Allan S. Jaffe. "Clinical implications of the Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction." Heart 100, no. 5 (April 27, 2013): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302976.

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Alpert, Joseph S. "The Fourth Edition of the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction." American Journal of Medicine 131, no. 11 (November 2018): 1265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.06.016.

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Cavalcante, Rafael, and Patrick W. Serruys. "Periprocedural myocardial infarction in stent trials: how universal is the third universal definition?" EuroIntervention 12, no. 7 (September 2016): 813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4244/eijv12i7a133.

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Gard, Anton, Bertil Lindahl, Gorav Batra, Nermin Hadziosmanovic, Marcus Hjort, Karolina Elisabeth Szummer, and Tomasz Baron. "Interphysician agreement on subclassification of myocardial infarction." Heart 104, no. 15 (February 16, 2018): 1284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312409.

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ObjectiveThe universal definition of myocardial infarction (MI) differentiates MI due to oxygen supply/demand mismatch (type 2) from MI due to plaque rupture (type 1) as well as from myocardial injuries of non-ischaemic or multifactorial nature. The purpose of this study was to investigate how often physicians agree in this classification and what factors lead to agreement or disagreement.MethodsA total of 1328 patients diagnosed with MI at eight different Swedish hospitals 2011 were included. All patients were retrospectively reclassified into different MI or myocardial injury subtypes by two independent specially trained physicians, strictly adhering to the third universal definition of MI.ResultsOverall, there was a moderate interobserver agreement with a kappa coefficient (κ) of 0.55 in this classification. There was substantial agreement when distinguishing type 1 MI (κ: 0.61), compared with moderate agreement when distinguishing type 2 MI (κ: 0.54). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, ST elevation MI (P<0.001), performed coronary angiography (P<0.001) and larger changes in troponin levels (P=0.023) independently made the physicians agree significantly more often, while they disagreed more often with symptoms of dyspnoea (P<0.001), higher systolic blood pressure (P=0.001) and higher C reactive protein levels on admission (P=0.016).ConclusionDistinguishing MI types is challenging also for trained adjudicators. Although strictly adhering to the third universal definition of MI, differentiation between type 1 MI, type 2 MI and myocardial injury only gave a moderate rate of interobserver agreement. More precise and clinically applicable criteria for the current classification, particularly for type 2 MI diagnosis, are urgently needed.

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Díaz-Garzón, Jorge, Yader Sandoval, Stephen W. Smith, Sara Love, Karen Schulz, Sarah E. Thordsen, Benjamin K. Johnson, et al. "Discordance between ICD-Coded Myocardial Infarction and Diagnosis according to the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction." Clinical Chemistry 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2016.263764.

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Abstract BACKGROUND International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding is the standard diagnostic tool for healthcare management. At present, type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) classification by the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (MI) remains ignored in the ICD system. We determined the concordance for the diagnosis of MI using ICD-9 coding vs the Universal Definition. METHODS Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was measured by both contemporary (cTnI) and high-sensitivity (hs-cTnI) assays in 1927 consecutive emergency department (ED) patients [Use of TROPonin In Acute coronary syndromes (UTROPIA) cohort] who had cTnI ordered on clinical indication. All patients were adjudicated using both contemporary and hs-cTnI assays. The Kappa index and McNemar test were used to assess concordance between ICD-9 code 410 and type 1 MI (T1MI) and type 2 MI (T2MI). RESULTS Among the 249 adjudicated MIs using the contemporary cTnI, only 69 (28%) were ICD-coded MIs. Of 180 patients not ICD coded as MI, 34 (19%) were T1MI and 146 (81%) were T2MI. For the ICD-coded MIs, 79% were T1MI and 21% were T2MI. A fair Kappa index, 0.386, and a McNemar difference of 0.0892 (P < 0.001) were found. Among the 207 adjudicated MIs using the hs-cTnI assay, 67 (32%) were ICD coded as MI. Of the 140 patients not ICD coded as MI, 27 (19%) were T1MI and 113 (81%) were T2MI. For the ICD-coded MIs, 85% were T1MI and 15% T2MI. A moderate Kappa index, 0.439, and a McNemar difference of 0.0674 (P < 0.001) were found. CONCLUSIONS ICD-9–coded MIs captured only a small proportion of adjudicated MIs, primarily from not coding T2MI. Our findings emphasize the need for an ICD code for T2MI.