Статті в журналах: "Urban overheating"

1

Khan, Hassan Saeed, Riccardo Paolini, Mattheos Santamouris, and Peter Caccetta. "Exploring the Synergies between Urban Overheating and Heatwaves (HWs) in Western Sydney." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2020): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020470.

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There is no consensus regarding the change of magnitude of urban overheating during HW periods, and possible interactions between the two phenomena are still an open question, despite the increasing frequency and impacts of Heatwaves (HW). The purpose of this study is to explore the interactions between urban overheating and HWs in Sydney, which is under the influence of two synoptic circulation systems. For this purpose, a detailed analysis has been performed for the city of Sydney, while considering an urban (Observatory Hill), in the Central Business District (CBD), and a non-urban station in Western Sydney (Penrith Lakes). Summer 2017 was considered as a study period, and HW and Non-Heatwave (NHW) periods were identified to explore the interactions between urban overheating and HWs. A strong link was observed between urban overheating and HWs, and the difference between the peak average urban overheating magnitude during HWs and NHWs was around 8 °C. Additionally, the daytime urban overheating effect was more pronounced during the HWs when compared to nighttime. The advective flux was found as the most important interaction between urban overheating and HWs, in addition to the sensible and latent heat fluxes.

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Yenneti, Komali, Lan Ding, Deo Prasad, Giulia Ulpiani, Riccardo Paolini, Shamila Haddad, and Mattheos Santamouris. "Urban Overheating and Cooling Potential in Australia: An Evidence-Based Review." Climate 8, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8110126.

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Cities in Australia are experiencing unprecedented levels of urban overheating, which has caused a significant impact on the country’s socioeconomic environment. This article provides a comprehensive review on urban overheating, its impact on health, energy, economy, and the heat mitigation potential of a series of strategies in Australia. Existing studies show that the average urban heat island (UHI) intensity ranges from 1.0 °C to 13.0 °C. The magnitude of urban overheating phenomenon in Australia is determined by a combination of UHI effects and dualistic atmospheric circulation systems (cool sea breeze and hot desert winds). The strong relation between multiple characteristics contribute to dramatic fluctuations and high spatiotemporal variabilities in urban overheating. In addition, urban overheating contributes to serious impacts on human health, energy costs, thermal comfort, labour productivity, and social behaviour. Evidence suggest that cool materials, green roofs, vertical gardens, urban greenery, and water-based technologies can significantly alleviate the UHI effect, cool the ambient air, and create thermally balanced cities. Urban greenery, especially trees, has a high potential for mitigation. Trees and hedges can reduce the average maximum UHI by 1.0 °C. The average maximum mitigation performance values of green roofs and green walls are 0.2 °C and 0.1 °C, respectively. Reflective roofs and pavements can reduce the average maximum UHI by 0.3 °C. In dry areas, water has a high cooling potential. The average maximum cooling potential using only one technology is 0.4 °C. When two or more technologies are used at the same time, the average maximum UHI drop is 1.5 °C. The mitigation strategies identified in this article can help the governments and other stakeholders manage urban heating in the natural and built environment, and save health, energy, and economic costs.

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Synnefa, Afroditi, Shamila Haddad, Priyadarsini Rajagopalan, and Mattheos Santamouris. "SI: Survivability under Overheating: The Impact of Regional and Global Climate Change on the Vulnerable and Low-Income Population." Climate 8, no. 11 (October 24, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8110122.

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The present special issue discusses three significant challenges of the built environment, namely regional and global climate change, vulnerability, and survivability under the changing climate. Synergies between local climate change, energy consumption of buildings and energy poverty, and health risks highlight the necessity to develop mitigation strategies to counterbalance overheating impacts. The studies presented here assess the underlying issues related to urban overheating. Further, the impacts of temperature extremes on the low-income population and increased morbidity and mortality have been discussed. The increasing intensity, duration, and frequency of heatwaves due to human-caused climate change is shown to affect underserved populations. Thus, housing policies on resident exposure to intra-urban heat have been assessed. Finally, opportunities to mitigate urban overheating have been proposed and discussed.

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Santamouris, Mat. "Urban overheating and impact on the built environment." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 609 (October 23, 2019): 022003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/609/2/022003.

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Maiullari, Daniela, Marjolein Pijpers-van Esch, and Arjan Van Timmeren. "A Quantitative Morphological Method for Mapping Local Climate Types." Urban Planning 6, no. 3 (August 19, 2021): 240–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i3.4223.

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Morphological characteristics of cities significantly influence urban heat island intensities and thermal responses to heat waves. Form attributes such as density, compactness, and vegetation cover are commonly used to analyse the impact of urban morphology on overheating processes. However, the use of abstract large-scale classifications hinders a full understanding of the thermal trade-off between single buildings and their immediate surrounding microclimate. Without analytical tools able to capture the complexity of cities with a high resolution, the microspatial dimension of urban climate phenomena cannot be properly addressed. Therefore, this study develops a new method for numerical identification of types, based on geometrical characteristics of buildings and climate-related form attributes of their surroundings in a 25m and 50m radius. The method, applied to the city of Rotterdam, combines quantitative descriptors of urban form, mapping GIS procedures, and clustering techniques. The resulting typo-morphological classification is assessed by modelling temperature, wind, and humidity during a hot summer period, in ENVI-met. Significant correlations are found between the morphotypes’ characteristics and local climate phenomena, highlighting the differences in performative potential between the classified urban patterns. The study suggests that the method can be used to provide insight into the systemic relations between buildings, their context, and the risk of overheating in different urban settings. Finally, the study highlights the relevance of advanced mapping and modelling tools to inform spatial planning and mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of urban overheating.

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Shu, C., A. Gaur, M. Bartko, A. Laouadi, L. Ji, M. Lacasse, and L. (L) Wang. "Importance of Microscale Climate Simulations in City Scale Overheating Assessments." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012057.

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Abstract This study demonstrates the importance of high-resolution climate simulations when conducting city-scale outdoor heat wave alert and indoor overheating assessments. This is done by modelling urban climate of the Ottawa and Montreal cities at 1 km and 25 km, typical for regional climate modelling respectively, over the summer of 2018 when an extreme heat event caused around 100 deaths in these cities. It is shown that urban climate characteristics (higher temperatures, lower wind speeds, lower relative humidity in the urban core than surroundings) are better simulated at 1 km than at 25 km spatial resolution. Indoor conditions are simulated for an archetype model of a single detached house using EnergyPlus software for two locations within the cities: a) city center and b) airport location. It is shown that the simulated indoor air temperature in the building is highly correlated with the outdoor air temperature. Furthermore, it is found that the maximum indoor air temperature difference of the city center and the airport can be as high as 8°C in Montreal and 9°C in Ottawa. Such intra-urban differences in overheating in buildings will be ignored if microscale simulations are not performed, highlighting their importance for building overheating assessments in cities.

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Dong, Yu, Rong Wang, Jing Xue, Jingran Shao, and Haibo Guo. "Assessment of Summer Overheating in Concrete Block and Cross Laminated Timber Office Buildings in the Severe Cold and Cold Regions of China." Buildings 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11080330.

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The aims of the paper were to clarify whether office buildings in the severe cold and cold regions are overheating, especially those with natural ventilation, and whether potential overheating is related to the building materials. The severe cold and cold regions of China were considered to be cool regions during summer. However, with global warming, improvements in the thermal performance of the building envelope and the urban heat island effect, office buildings in these regions are showing different degrees of overheating during summer. Two office building materials commonly used in this area, cross laminated timber (CLT) and concrete block, were simulated in this study. With reference to the overheating standard, the degree of overheating in six cities in the severe cold and cold regions was quantitatively analysed and the extent of overheating for the two building materials was compared. Finally, the influence of thermal insulation on building overheating is discussed, and some suggestions are put forward to improve the relevant national regulations in China. The results show that office buildings in the severe cold and cold regions experience overheating during summer, and CLT buildings are more prone to overheating than concrete buildings during summer. This is attributable to the different thermal mass of the materials. Thick insulation does increase the risk of building overheating, and the effect on concrete buildings is more pronounced. Concrete buildings with an insulation layer can experience overheating for 27–71 h more than buildings without an insulation layer. Insulation on CLT buildings only results in an increase of 11–37 h. When considering the current situation with summer overheating in the severe cold and cold regions, relevant codes should also be modified and improved accordingly to guide building design, so as to achieve low-carbon and energy-saving goals.

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8

Costa, A. L. A., M. Natalini, M. F. Inglese, and O. A. M. Xavier. "Tire Bead Overheating in Urban Buses and Trucks Using Drum Brake Systems." Tire Science and Technology 26, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2135959.

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Abstract Because the structural integrity of brake systems and tires can be related to the temperature, this work proposes a transient heat transfer finite element analysis (FEA) model to study the overheating in drum brake systems used in trucks and urban buses. To understand the mechanics of overheating, some constructive variants have been modeled regarding the assemblage: brake, rims, and tires. The model simultaneously studies the thermal energy generated by brakes and tires and how the heat is transferred and dissipated by conduction, convection, and radiation. The simulated FEA data and the experimental temperature profiles measured with thermocouples have been compared giving good correlation.

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9

Battista, Gabriele, Marta Roncone, and Emanuele de Lieto Vollaro. "Urban Overheating Impact: A Case Study on Building Energy Performance." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 8327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188327.

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It is well known that the construction sector is one of the main sectors responsible for energy consumption in the current global energy scenario. Thus, buildings’ energy software become essential tools for achieving energy savings. Climate and its implications for building energy performance are a critical threat. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the climatic conditions in urban and suburban areas of Rome, estimating the incidence of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. To this end, meteorological data obtained from three different areas (two airports and one inside the city) were examined and compared. Then, TRNSYS software was used to create a simple building, in order to assess the impacts of various climatic situations on building energy performance. The study revealed significant percentage differences both in terms of energy needs for heating, from −20.1% to −24.9% when the reference stations are, respectively, Fiumicino and Ciampino, and for cooling, with a wider range, from +48.7% to +87.5% when the reference stations are Ciampino and Fiumicino. Therefore, the study showed the importance of more accurately selecting sets of climate values to be included in energy simulations.

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10

Zinzi, Michele, and Matheos Santamouris. "Introducing Urban Overheating—Progress on Mitigation Science and Engineering Applications." Climate 7, no. 1 (January 19, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7010015.

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Aslam, Bilal, Ahsen Maqsoom, Nauman Khalid, Fahim Ullah, and Samad Sepasgozar. "Urban Overheating Assessment through Prediction of Surface Temperatures: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080539.

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Global climate has been radically affected by the urbanization process in recent years. Karachi, Pakistan’s economic hub, is also showing signs of swift urbanization. Owing to the construction of infrastructure projects under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and associated urbanization, Karachi’s climate has been significantly affected. The associated replacement of natural surfaces by anthropogenic materials results in urban overheating and increased local temperatures leading to serious health issues and higher air pollution. Thus, these temperature changes and urban overheating effects must be addressed to minimize their impact on the city’s population. For analyzing the urban overheating of Karachi city, LST (land surface temperature) is assessed in the current study, where data of the past 20 years (2000–2020) is used. For this purpose, remote sensing data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model (ASTER GDEM) and Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors were utilized. The long short-term memory (LSTM) model was utilized where the road density (RD), elevation, and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) are used as input parameters. Upon comparing estimated and measured LST, the values of mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) are 0.27 K, 0.237, and 0.15% for January, and 0.29 K, 0.261, and 0.13% for May, respectively. The low MAE, MSE, and MAPE values show a higher correlation between the predicted and observed LST values. Moreover, results show that more than 90% of the pixel data falls in the least possible error range of −1 K to +1 K. The MAE, MSE and MAPE values for Support Vector Regression (SVR) are 0.52 K, 0.453 and 0.18% and 0.76 K, 0.873, and 0.26%. The current model outperforms previous studies, shows a higher accuracy, and depicts greater reliability to predict the actual scenario. In the future, based on the accurate LST results from this model, city planners can propose mitigation strategies to reduce the harmful effects of urban overheating and associated Urban Heat Island effects (UHI).

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12

Kaloustian, Noushig, David Aouad, Gabriele Battista, and Michele Zinzi. "Leftover Spaces for the Mitigation of Urban Overheating in Municipal Beirut." Climate 6, no. 3 (August 21, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli6030068.

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The Urban Heat Island phenomenon and urban overheating are serious consequences of urbanization resulting in impacts on thermal comfort levels, heat stress and even mortality. This paper builds on previous findings on the topic of non-constructible parcels, small vacant or built spaces in Municipal Beirut, some of which belong to the municipality while others are privately owned and which might be used for different functional purposes. This paper further examines the possibility of implementing cool surface or paving materials and urban vegetation to reduce air urban temperature, especially during the summer period and with the view to project the positive findings of this case study to the entire Municipal Beirut area. A numerical analysis using ENVI-met 4.0 investigates the thermal performance of these non-constructibles further to implementation of high reflective surfaces and urban vegetation on a broad neighborhood scale, taking the Bachoura District as a reference case for a typical summer day. The best air temperature reductions correspond to the use of cool material in areas that are far from buildings where there are no shadow effects. In some cases, the introduction of trees leads to an increase of the air temperature near the ground because they became an obstacle of the natural ventilation. Results show a maximum mitigation effect with the use of cool materials that lead to reductions in air temperatures up to 0.42 °C if used alone and up to 0.77 °C if used in combination with trees. Within the framework of an integrated approach to planning, this form of urban intervention aims for substantial overheating reduction.

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13

Habitzreuter, Leonardo, Stefan Thor Smith, and Trevor Keeling. "Modelling the overheating risk in an uniform high-rise building design with a consideration of urban context and heatwaves." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 5 (June 25, 2019): 671–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19856400.

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Overheating in buildings is one of the increasing concerns related to climate change and can lead to an increase in heat-related health issues and higher energy consumption due to the use of air conditioning systems. Literature shows that internal conditions and demand on environmental control systems can vary with height within buildings. However, an architectural trend towards highly glazed façades for tall buildings suggests the vertical gradient of performance is not always considered in the design process. By simulating a high-rise residential building in London, a comparative analysis of the overheating risks and daylighting at different levels in the building was conducted. In this study the model was able to consider the influence of surrounding built environment on solar gain and so influence of urban location on overheating risk was taken into account. Simulations were conducted using typical reference years as well as meteorological data for specific heat-wave periods experienced in London and that are expected to become more intense and frequent due to climate change. Passive mitigation options (external shading) are demonstrated to help reduce overheating occurrence by 74%, at the same time the impact of decreased daylighting (30%) is less problematic at higher levels where daylight factor is greater.

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Szkordilisz, Flóra. "Microclimatic Effects of Green Facades in Urban Environment." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.415.

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The processes of the last decades’ – such as climate change, growth of cities, and the decreasing of urban green spaces – increase the risk of overheating during the summer. The significance of vegetable shading is, that through evapotranspiration it can minimise the risk of overheating and the negative effects of urban heat island. Although there are some previous data about the effect of vegetation, there are still questions in the scope of the microclimatic and energetic effect of vegetation planted in front of the façades. The effectiveness of urban vegetation varies on a large scale depending on environmental conditions. For example the effect of street tree lines on wind speed changes in relation with the angle of the axis of the street and the prevailing wind direction. The mentioned dilemma is a major issue of planning urban ventilation. That is why more precise calculations are needed to be able to use urban vegetation properly and most effectively. Scientific research should provide a background for quantifying the effect of urban vegetation so that designers could be helped to use more confidentially the vegetation as an important “building element” in the build-up environment. In order to facilitate vegetable shading the paper presents an attempt for the quantitative evaluation of green facades.

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Rahier, Nick. "Overheated stomachs: notes on urban life and toxicity in Nakuru, Kenya." Africa 91, no. 3 (April 26, 2021): 453–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972021000292.

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AbstractIn Nakuru, a secondary city in Kenya, herbal doctors argue that African bodies are infested by ‘dirt’. Gathering at crossroads, they teach about the dangerous effects of processed foods on African bodies. During public product demonstrations, they patch together urban gossip, kemikali (chemicals in Kiswahili) and consumer goods from abroad to demonstrate their overheating effects on stomachs. In this article, I think through metabolism and digestion to demonstrate how ‘navigating’ urban toxicity in Nakuru implies a bodily praxis that hinges on debates about the porosity of the nation's borders responding to the afflictions of globalization. I show how the occult character of kemikali pivots on the collapse between insides and outsides, leading to overheating stomachs, and consequently argue that herbal interventions coating the lining of the stomach and the gut do what national borders are unable to achieve: keeping out toxic intrusions. From this point of view, herbal practices in Nakuru demonstrate agency and resistance to worlds perceived as increasingly toxic and polluted.

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16

Shu, Chang, Abhishek Gaur, Liangzhu (Leon) Wang, Michal Bartko, Abdelaziz Laouadi, Lili Ji, and Michael Lacasse. "Added value of convection permitting climate modelling in urban overheating assessments." Building and Environment 207 (January 2022): 108415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108415.

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Shu, Chang, Abhishek Gaur, Liangzhu (Leon) Wang, Michal Bartko, Abdelaziz Laouadi, Lili Ji, and Michael Lacasse. "Added value of convection permitting climate modelling in urban overheating assessments." Building and Environment 207 (January 2022): 108415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108415.

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18

Kousis, Ioannis, Claudia Fabiani, Laura Gobbi, and Anna Laura Pisello. "Phosphorescent-based pavements for counteracting urban overheating – A proof of concept." Solar Energy 202 (May 2020): 540–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.03.092.

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McLeod, Robert S., and Michael Swainson. "Chronic overheating in low carbon urban developments in a temperate climate." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 74 (July 2017): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.106.

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20

Pigliautile, Ilaria, Guido Marseglia, and Anna Laura Pisello. "Investigation of CO2 Variation and Mapping Through Wearable Sensing Techniques for Measuring Pedestrians’ Exposure in Urban Areas." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 11, 2020): 3936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093936.

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Citizens’ wellbeing is mainly threatened by poor air quality and local overheating due to human-activity concentration and land-cover/surface modification in urban areas. Peculiar morphology and metabolism of urban areas lead to the well-known urban-heat-island effect, characterized by higher air temperature in cities than in their surroundings. The environmental mapping of the urban outdoors at the pedestrian height could be a key tool to identify risky areas for humans in terms of both poor-air-quality exposure and thermal comfort. This study proposes urban environment investigation through a wearable miniaturized weather station to get the spatial distribution of key parameters according to the citizens’ perspective. The innovative system monitors and traces the field values of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, such as air temperature and wind-speed values, which have been demonstrated to be related to outdoor wellbeing. The presented monitoring campaign focused on a two-way, two-lane road in Rome (Italy) during traffic rush hours on both working days and weekends. Collected data were analyzed with respect to timing and position, and possible correlations among different variables were examined. Results demonstrated the wearable system capability to catch pedestrian-exposure variability in terms of CO2 concentration and local overheating due to urban structure, highlighting potentials in the citizens’ involvement as observation vectors to extensively monitor urban environmental quality.

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Battista, Gabriele, Luca Evangelisti, Claudia Guattari, Emanuele De Lieto Vollaro, Roberto De Lieto Vollaro, and Francesco Asdrubali. "Urban Heat Island Mitigation Strategies: Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a University Campus in Rome (Italy)." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 7971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197971.

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The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon is strictly related to climate changes and urban development. During summer, in urban areas, the lack of green zones and water sources causes local overheating, with discomfort and negative effects on buildings’ energy performance. Starting from this, an experimental and numerical investigating of the climatic conditions in a university area in Rome was achieved, also assessing the occurrence of the UHI phenomenon. The analyzed area was recently renewed, with solutions in contrast to each other: on one side, an old building was re-designed aiming at high performance; on the other hand, the neighboring areas were also refurbished leading to large paved surfaces, characterized by high temperatures during summer. A calibrated numerical model was generated through ENVI-met software and eight different scenarios were compared, to mitigate the overheating of this area and to analyze the influences of the proposed solutions in terms of air temperature reduction. The analysis of this case study provides information on potential mitigation solutions in the urban environment, showing that goals and priorities in the design phase should concern not only buildings but also external areas, also considering university areas.

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Shikder, Shariful, Monjur Mourshed, and Andrew Price. "Summertime Impact of Climate Change on Multi-Occupancy British Dwellings." Open House International 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2012-b0006.

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Recent climate change projections estimate that the average summertime temperature in the southern part of Great Britain may increase by up to 5.4°C by the end of the century. The general consensus is that projected increases in temperature will render British dwellings vulnerable to summer overheating and by the middle of this century it may become difficult to maintain a comfortable indoor environment, if adaptation measures are not well integrated in the design and operation of new dwellings, which are likely to remain in use beyond the 2050s. The challenge is to reduce overheating risks by integrating building and user adaptation measures, to avoid energy intensive mechanical cooling. Developing guidelines and updating building regulations for adaptation, therefore, requires an understanding of the baseline scenario; i.e. the performance of existing buildings in future climates. This paper aims to investigate the performance of new-build multi-occupancy British dwellings for human thermal comfort in the present-day and projected future climates in four regional cities: Birmingham, Edinburgh, London and Manchester. Evaluations are carried out by a series of dynamic thermal simulations using widely adopted threshold temperature for overheating, as well as adaptive thermal comfort standards. This study thus offers a unique perspective on regional variations of performance and provides a clearer snapshot because of the use of more appropriate adaptive comfort standards in the evaluations. Finally, the paper sheds light on possible personal and building adaptation measures to alleviate overheating risks.

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Demanuele, C., A. Mavrogianni, M. Davies, M. Kolokotroni, and I. Rajapaksha. "Using localised weather files to assess overheating in naturally ventilated offices within London's urban heat island." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 33, no. 4 (September 9, 2011): 351–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624411416064.

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Urban environments typically experience increased average air temperatures compared to surrounding rural areas – a phenomenon referred to as the Urban Heat Island (UHI). The impact of the UHI on comfort in naturally ventilated buildings is the main focus of this article. The overheating risk in urban buildings is likely to be exacerbated in the future as a result of the combined effect of the UHI and climate change. In the design of such buildings in London, the usual current practice is to view the use of one generic weather file as being adequate to represent external temperatures. However, the work reported here demonstrates that there is a considerable difference between the overheating performance of a standard building at different sites within London. This implies, for example, that a building may wrongly pass or fail criteria used to demonstrate compliance with building regulations as a result of an inappropriate generic weather file being used. The work thus has important policy implications. Practical application: The Greater London Authority has recently developed, with the Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers, guidance for developers to address the risk of overheating in buildings via the provision of weather files for London relating to three zones. While such an initiative is welcomed, it may be that a weather file tailored to the building location would be preferable. Of course, this would add further complexity to the process and a view would have to be taken as the viability of such an approach. The work presented in this article, however, suggests that serious consideration should be given to the use of tailored weather data for regulatory purposes.

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Battista, Gabriele, Roberto de Lieto Vollaro, and Michele Zinzi. "Assessment of urban overheating mitigation strategies in a square in Rome, Italy." Solar Energy 180 (March 2019): 608–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.01.074.

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Procaccini, Giulia, and Carol Monticelli. "A Green Roof Case Study in the Urban Context of Milan: Integrating the Residential and Cultivation Functions for Sustainable Development." Water 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020137.

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Green roofs are increasing in popularity because of both their pleasant appearance and their positive effects for the urban ecosystems and the building indoor climatic conditions. Though this technology has already been applied all over the world, it is still commonly considered of difficult application and management. Easy and fast approaches for green roofs must therefore be examined and encouraged in order to increase their number to counterbalance urban overheating. This thesis case study aimed to represent a prototype of a green roof integrated with a residential function in order to achieve an easy management of the cultivation area. The project was designed in terms of sustainability and was analyzed for its social, environmental and economic impacts, pointing out the numerous benefits that can be derived by the combination and juxtaposition of humans and native plants. The proposed solution is favorable in terms of a sustainable development: it aspires to be reproduced and extensively applied to other facilities of a city as a solution for the overheating and overpopulation of contemporary cities.

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Procaccini, Giulia, and Carol Monticelli. "A Green Roof Case Study in the Urban Context of Milan: Integrating the Residential and Cultivation Functions for Sustainable Development." Water 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020137.

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Green roofs are increasing in popularity because of both their pleasant appearance and their positive effects for the urban ecosystems and the building indoor climatic conditions. Though this technology has already been applied all over the world, it is still commonly considered of difficult application and management. Easy and fast approaches for green roofs must therefore be examined and encouraged in order to increase their number to counterbalance urban overheating. This thesis case study aimed to represent a prototype of a green roof integrated with a residential function in order to achieve an easy management of the cultivation area. The project was designed in terms of sustainability and was analyzed for its social, environmental and economic impacts, pointing out the numerous benefits that can be derived by the combination and juxtaposition of humans and native plants. The proposed solution is favorable in terms of a sustainable development: it aspires to be reproduced and extensively applied to other facilities of a city as a solution for the overheating and overpopulation of contemporary cities.

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Agarwal, Aditi, and Holly Samuelson. "Too Hot to Stay at Home: Residential Heat Vulnerability in Urban India." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012166.

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Abstract Rising temperatures may lead to deadly heat waves in India. Combined with a growing urban population and mass production of affordable housing, this can sharply accelerate the demand for space cooling. India’s voluntary Energy Conservation Building Code - Residential (ECBC-R) or Eco Niwas Samhita 2018 limits thermal transmittance of the envelope. This research considers and critiques this approach through building simulation and an analysis of indoor comfort and severity of overheating during the summer months (April-May-June), in hot-dry and warm-humid climate zones. Code requirements neither vary with climate zones, nor is it adapted to future climate conditions. Our building simulations and analysis show that soon (2030s) parts of the country are likely to suffer from overheating 74% of time in summer. A minimally code compliant building would need air conditioning 90% of summer while a highly efficient iteration could reduce this by a third, in the hot-dry climate zone. Further, commonly used envelope assemblies are uncomfortably hot 77% (in the hot-dry zone) and 23% (in the hot-humid zone) of time in summer, on average. This analysis illustrates the vulnerability of current construction techniques to extreme heat and aims to avoid a long-term lock-in of inefficient, high energy consuming residential buildings.

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Battista, Gabriele, Emanuele de Lieto Vollaro, Luca Evangelisti, and Roberto de Lieto Vollaro. "Urban Overheating Mitigation Strategies Opportunities: A Case Study of a Square in Rome (Italy)." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 16939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416939.

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It is well-known that the occurrence of urban heat islands (UHI) is related to climate change and urbanization. Urban locations experience local overheating throughout the summer, which is uncomfortable and it has a detrimental impact on buildings ability to consume energy. In this study, a methodology was developed to assess the urban heat island effect in a localized urban area and to evaluate the effects of different kind of mitigation strategies. The numerical model was developed using the ENVI_met tool and it was calibrated with weather data and albedo measured inside the examined area and near the simulated domain. The procedure adopted overtaking the limit of the software in reproducing accurate weather conditions without calibration. Finally, combination of extensive mitigation strategies (cool pavements, greenery, grass pavers) with local strategies (shading) were investigated. An experimental and numerical investigation of a square in Rome was exanimated to evaluate the possible solution for mitigating outdoor air temperatures. Results of the paper affirm that an intervention on the pavement albedo and the increase of vegetation inside the square, lead to an improvement of the air thermal conditions. In particular, the application of the grass pavers would lead to the greatest benefits. A maximum decrease in the air temperature of 1.2 °C was obtained through the application of cool material, while the reduction reaches up to 2.88 °C when a grass paver is applied. The improve of the vegetation can bring to a maximum decrease of 1.46 °C, while the use of shading projecting roof allows a reduction up to a maximum of 2.07 °C.

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Kritsuk, S. G., V. I. Gornyy, I. Sh Latypov, A. A. Pavlovskii, and A. A. Tronin. "Satellite risk mapping of urban surface overheating (by the example of Saint Petersburg)." Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa 16, no. 5 (2019): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21046/2070-7401-2019-16-5-34-44.

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Gornyy, V. I., S. G. Kritsuk, I. Sh Latypov, A. B. Manvelova, and A. A. Tronin. "Satellite risk mapping of urban air overheating (by the example of Helsinki, Finland)." Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa 19, no. 3 (2022): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21046/2070-7401-2022-19-3-23-34.

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Garshasbi, Samira, Shujuan Huang, Jan Valenta, and Mat Santamouris. "Can quantum dots help to mitigate urban overheating? An experimental and modelling study." Solar Energy 206 (August 2020): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.06.010.

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Grussa, Zoe De, Deborah Andrews, Gordon Lowry, Elizabeth J. Newton, Kika Yiakoumetti, Andrew Chalk, and David Bush. "A London residential retrofit case study: Evaluating passive mitigation methods of reducing risk to overheating through the use of solar shading combined with night-time ventilation." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 389–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419840768.

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Overheating in the indoor environment, specifically in domestic homes, schools and healthcare settings has become of great concern to us in the UK. This is due to frequent hot weather events as a result of the continually rising global average temperatures. Overheating is a result of the heat gains associated with occupancy and solar heat gains trapped in the internal environment. The continuing rise in global average temperatures and improved insulation standards necessary to mitigate heat losses during the winter, in conjunction with poorly planned ventilation strategies, are exacerbating overheating during warmer weather conditions. In the last decade, there has been a considerable improvement in reducing heat gains associated with occupancy (from lighting and equipment), thus making solar heat gains more prominent in contributing to overheating. With the rise in the number of buildings that overheat and the rise in the number of associated deaths these contribute to, it is now crucial that passive measures are utilised appropriately, and for building occupants to be educated in how to safeguard their homes against overheating. This research is centred around a real-world monitoring case study and investigates how the proposed passive measures can mitigate overheating risk. These measures include the use of different internal and external solar shading devices combined with a night-time natural ventilation strategy. This study was conducted in a south-west facing, single aspect retrofit apartment building in London between August and October 2016 and 10-min interval data were collected during the daytime over 20 days. Throughout the monitoring period, a controlled window opening strategy was applied in rooms where differing shading strategies were implemented. In the absence of night-time measurements, the rooms were evaluated according to CIBSE TM52 Overheating Criteria to assess the frequency and the severity of overheating and mitigation methods were statistically compared to analyse the difference in internal operative temperature increase according to the type of passive mitigation scenario implemented. The combination of opening windows at night and the closure of shading devices during the day can provide a significant thermal benefit to occupants. The inter-relationship between glazing, shading, ventilation amongst other variables needs to be collectively evaluated at the building design stage to ensure the appropriate design of an effective façade management strategy. Practical application: This study aims to add to the body of knowledge surrounding overheating by investigating the impact that the combination of shading and night-time ventilation strategies can have on a newly refitted, urban apartment. It demonstrates how the frequency, severity and the absolute maximum temperature can be identified using existing industry criteria and then uses this methodology alongside inferential statistics to compare the effectiveness of differing shading strategies when combined with night purge ventilation.

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Mavrogianni, A., M. Davies, P. Wilkinson, and A. Pathan. "London Housing and Climate Change: Impact on Comfort and Health - Preliminary Results of a Summer Overheating Study." Open House International 35, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2010-b0007.

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Climate change presents potential increased threats to the comfort and health of urban populations as a result of higher summer temperatures. This paper reviews recent research on the climate change adaptation potential of urban environments and focuses on a major conurbation, London. Recent work relating to the impact of exposure to heat on population health is also noted. Data obtained from a pilot monitoring study carried out in a subset of 36 dwellings (from a total of 110 dwellings in the overall study) across London during the summer of 2009 is then discussed. Preliminary results illustrate the need to quantify the net impacts of individual building characteristics and the location of each dwelling within the London heat island. During a hot period, more than 40% of the monitored bedrooms failed the recommended overheating criteria during the night time. There was some indication of purpose built flats being more prone to overheating. The potential use of such data as the basis of a heat-related health risk epidemiological model for London is discussed. Such a tool would help health policy makers to target the most vulnerable building types and areas.

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Marsh, Rob. "The Paradox of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Danish Housing." Open House International 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2012-b0003.

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Climate change means that buildings must greatly reduce their energy consumption. It is however paradoxical that climate mitigation in Denmark has created negative energy and indoor climate problems in housing that may be made worse by climate change. A literature review has been carried out of housing schemes where climate mitigation was sought through reduced space heating demand, and it is shown that extensive problems with overheating exist. A theoretical study of regulative and design strategies for climate mitigation in new build housing has therefore been carried out, and it is shown that reducing space heating with high levels of thermal insulation and passive solar energy results in overheating and a growing demand for cooling. Climate change is expected to reduce space heating and increase cooling demand in housing. An analysis of new build housing using passive solar energy as a climate mitigation strategy has therefore been carried out in relation to future climate change scenarios. It is shown that severe indoor comfort problems can occur, questioning the relevance of passive solar energy as a climate mitigation strategy. In conclusion, a theoretical study of the interplay between climate adaptation and mitigation strategies is carried out, with a cross-disciplinary focus on users, passive design and active technologies. It is shown that the cumulative use of these strategies can create an adaptation buffer, thus eliminating problems with overheating and reducing energy consumption. New build housing should therefore be designed in relation to both current and future climate scenarios to show that the climate mitigation strategies ensure climate adaptation.

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Klimowicz, Joanna. "Problem przegrzewania miast XXI wieku (MWC) a zieleń miejska." Środowisko Mieszkaniowe, no. 32 (2020): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25438700sm.20.026.12890.

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XXI wiek przyczynił się do rozwoju nowych, innowacyjnych technologii w wielu dziedzinach życia, m.in. w medycynie, lotnictwie, inżynierii molekularnej czy budownictwie. Współczesne technologie rozwijają się bardzo szybko, przynosząc rozmaite udogodnienia współczesnym człowiekowi. Jednakże XXI wiek przyniósł nam też niszczycielskie działanie narastających anomalii pogodowych związanych z pogłębiającymi się zmianami klimatu. Żyjąc w dobie konsumpcjonizmu, powinniśmy się zastanowić w jaki sposób przyczyniamy się do tego stanu? Czy my współcześnie żyjący możemy wpłynąć na poprawę naszej egzystencji? Czy współcześnie proponowane rozwiązania są w stanie ochronić nas przed wieloma negatywnymi skutkami zmian klimatu? Czy możemy wpłynąć na wzrost zanieczyszczenia powietrza, wzrost temperatury oraz związane z nimi narastające zjawiska takie jak powodzie czy pożary? Mieszkańcy współczesnych miast stykają się z wieloma tymi niedogodnościami. My jako architekci i urbaniści powinniśmy reagować i wprowadzać takie rozwiązania, które będą sprzyjały poprawie warunków życia. Tematem artykuły jest przedstawienie wybranych przykładów rozwiązań zastosowania zieleni, wpływającej na niwelowanie niekorzystnych warunków klimatycznych panujących w miasta. Odpowiednio projektowana zieleń, zarówno w skali urbanistycznej jak i architektonicznej miasta, przyczynia się do niwelowanie Miejskiej Wyspy Ciepła, wpływa na poprawę komfortu zamieszkania, jest stabilizatorem temperatury oraz wilgotności. Badania kamerą termowizyjną wykazują w jaki sposób zastosowanie zieleni przyczynia się do obniżania temperatury w zabudowie śródmiejskiej. Wyniki badań stanowić uzupełnienie prowadzonych analiz związanych z obserwacją zachowań termicznych zabudowy miejskiej. Możliwość odniesienia wyników wpłynie na świadomość mieszkańców jest istotne jest stosowanie odpowiednich materiałów budowalnych oraz zieleni miejskiej jako jednych z elementów poprawiających komfort życia w mieście. The problem of the overheating of twenty-first century cities (UHI) versus greenery The 21st century has contributed to the development of new, innovative technologies in many areas of life, including medicine, aviation, molecular engineering and construction. Modern technologies are developing very quickly, bringing various conveniences to modern man. However, the 21st century has brought us also the destructive effect of growing weather anomalies associated with deepening climate change. Living in the age of consumerism, we should think about how we are contributing to this state? Can we, living today, improve our existence? Can the solutions proposed nowadays protect us from many negative effects of climate change? Can we influence the increase in air pollution, temperature rise and the associated growing phenomena such as floods and fires? Citizens of modern cities are facing many of these inconveniences. We, as architects and urban planners, should react and implement solutions that will improve living conditions. The subject of the articles is to present selected examples of solutions for the use of greenery, which will help to eliminate unfavorable climate conditions in cities. Properly designed greenery, both on the urban and architectural scale of the city, contributes to the leveling of the Urban Heat Island, improves the comfort of living, and is a stabilizer of temperature and humidity. Research with a thermal imaging camera shows how the use of greenery contributes to lowering the temperature in downtown buildings. The results of the research are a supplement to the analyses carried out in connection with the observation of thermal behavior of urban development. The possibility of referencing the results will influence the residents’ awareness. It is important to use appropriate building materials and greenery as one of the elements improving the comfort of living in the city.

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Ali, Suha I. A., and Zsuzsa Szalay. "Overview and Analysis of the Overheating Effect in Modern Sudanese Buildings." Pollack Periodica 15, no. 3 (November 7, 2020): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/606.2020.15.3.20.

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Sudan is suffering from harsh summers, but most of the modern buildings in urban areas are not compatible with the recent and future climate phenomena. Application of cooling devices is relatively expensive and therefore beyond reach. The main objective of this research is to give an overview on the overheating problem and the thermal comfort in buildings. A dynamic energy simulation has been performed for a selected case study using Design Builder Code. The results show that the share of discomfort hours for a typical modern building is 78% and 33% above 26 °C and 32 °C per year, respectively, but after using a combination of different ventilation, shading and building materials options the discomfort hours can be reduced to 77% and 26%, respectively.

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Santamouris, Mat, Shamila Haddad, Francesco Fiorito, Paul Osmond, Lan Ding, Deo Prasad, Xiaoqiang Zhai, and Ruzhu Wang. "Urban Heat Island and Overheating Characteristics in Sydney, Australia. An Analysis of Multiyear Measurements." Sustainability 9, no. 5 (April 29, 2017): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9050712.

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38

Žák, Jaroslav. "Modelling Effectiveness of Environmental Greenery Systems as a Tool to Partially Eliminate Urban Overheating." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 960 (December 10, 2020): 042100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/960/4/042100.

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39

Pisello, Anna Laura, Maria Saliari, Konstantina Vasilakopoulou, Shamila Hadad, and Mattheos Santamouris. "Facing the urban overheating: Recent developments. Mitigation potential and sensitivity of the main technologies." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment 7, no. 4 (March 25, 2018): e294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wene.294.

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40

Ouanes, Sara, Leila Sriti, and Mohamed Amine Khadraoui. "Assessment of building design and overheating on occupants’ thermal comfort and energy performance considering self-build houses in a hot arid urban environment." Technium Social Sciences Journal 36 (October 8, 2022): 725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v36i1.7490.

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In recent years, energy conservation issues, environmental problems and their consequences on public health have increased interest in climatic responsive design to achieve better thermal comfort conditions inside the building without enhancing energy consumption. As people spend most of their time in interior spaces, indoor thermal conditions significantly impact their health and wellbeing. Extended exposure to extreme temperatures might cause heat-related illnesses, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, or death. This paper evaluates the indoor thermal environment generated by the residential buildings’ fabric under overheating conditions. The study was conducted during the summer in a typical residential district in Biskra (Algeria). To assess the thermal response of the buildings’ fabric by taking into account the natural and social context of Biskra, as well as, the energy consumption behaviour of householders, a dynamic simulation study was performed over 115 self-build houses. The results showed that indoor thermal conditions in the analysed building were far from the optimum comfort air temperature except when using air conditioners. The most unfavourable conditions were reported in July and August when the air conditioners have to run full time to mitigate the effect of overheating. This implies that houses are poorly designed and failed to deal with overheating. To address with this issue, the residents are constrained to use air-conditioning most of the time to achieve thermal comfort which leads to increase in energy usage. Finally, despite the government reduced the cost of electricity and gas bills by 65% in southern provinces as a financial support for householders, serious problems of discomfort remain in the prevailing housing stock. Legislation and measures must be taken and enforced at provincial and local level regarding housing which should include energy efficiency and thermal comfort.

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Tamaskani Esfehankalateh, Atefeh, Jack Ngarambe, and Geun Young Yun. "Influence of Tree Canopy Coverage and Leaf Area Density on Urban Heat Island Mitigation." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 7496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137496.

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Urban heat islands (UHI) are a widely documented phenomenon that adversely increases urban overheating and, among other effects, contributes to heat-related mortalities and morbidities in urban areas. Consequently, comprehensive UHI-mitigating measures are essential for improving urban microclimate environments and contributing to salutogenic urban design practices. This study proposed urban cooling strategies involving different tree percentages and leaf area densities in a dense urban area during the summertime in Korea. The cooling effects of sixteen various combinations of proposed scenarios based on common urban tree types were studied via in-situ field measurements and numerical modeling, considering both vegetated and exposed areas. It was observed that by changing the characteristics of the leaf area density (LAD) per plant of our vegetated base area—for instance, from 4% trees to 60% trees, from a low LAD to a high LAD—the daily average and daily maximum temperatures were reduced by approximately 3 °C and 5.23 °C, respectively. The obtained results demonstrate the usefulness of urban trees to mitigate urban heating, and they are particularly useful to urban designers and policymakers in their efforts to minimize UHI effects.

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Lassandro, Paola, and Teresa Cosola. "Climate change mitigation: resilience indicators for roof solutions." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 9, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-11-2016-0046.

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Purpose This paper aims to increase the resilience of building systems, especially roofs, in relation to climate changes. The focus is on Mediterranean cities, where, often, there is no regulation about these issues. Therefore, it is necessary to define resilience indicators through comparative studies of adaptive roof solutions to mitigate overheating in summer. Design/methodology/approach Through software simulations and data comparison, a specific methodological approach is used to analyze the resilience levels of different roof solutions (phase change materials, aerogel, green and cool roof), starting from energy efficiency as a prerequisite of resilience. Moreover, a case study of a historic existing building in a southern Italian town is examined. Findings The findings show the best strategies for building systems, especially for roofs, to decrease urban heat island effects according to the defined resilience indicators against overheating mitigation. Research limitations/implications Other building systems, such as facades, also have to be investigated in relation to climate change mitigation. Practical implications The implementation of resilient solutions that can also affect neighborhood for urban heat island mitigation. Social implications Because of resilience indicators definition, it is easier to introduce economic incentives according to reference thresholds and to increase community involvement. Originality/value The paper provides a new approach for the evaluation of technological solutions for a building from a resilience point of view, which has energy efficiency as pre-condition.

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Su, Mi Aye, Jack Ngarambe, Mat Santamouris, and Geun Young Yun. "Empirical evidence on the impact of urban overheating on building cooling and heating energy consumption." iScience 24, no. 5 (May 2021): 102495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102495.

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Maiullari, D., B. Gherri, C. Finizza, M. Maretto, and E. Naboni. "Climate change and indoor temperature variation in Venetian buildings: the role of density and urban form." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012060.

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Abstract Although the influence of urban form on microclimate and building thermal processes has been acknowledged, few studies have addressed the influence of overheating mechanisms on heterogeneous urban fabrics for existing historical cities. This study investigates the impact of changing urban climate on indoor temperatures by focusing on three Venice morphological patterns. Through microclimate modelling techniques, outdoor and indoor temperatures are simulated in 2020 and 2050 scenarios. Results show that the compactness of the urban fabric contributes to reducing indoor building temperatures. The analysis suggests that the increased density of shadow areas can mitigate the outdoor temperature values and reduce direct radiation on façades. When comparing the two climate scenarios 2020 and 2050, average indoor temperatures increase in the latter. However, the analysis highlights that the absence of insulation and the relatively high thermal mass of typical Venetian envelopes plays a crucial role in the building thermal processes preserving indoor comfort in a warmer climate future.

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Okoniewska, Monika. "Specificity of Meteorological and Biometeorological Conditions in Central Europe in Centre of Urban Areas in June 2019 (Bydgoszcz, Poland)." Atmosphere 12, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081002.

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The work describes diurnal meteorological and biometeorological conditions in June 2019 in the urban areas of Central Europe. UTCI, STI, Oh_H, WL, and OV indices were calculated based on 24-h data from Bydgoszcz (Poland) for hot days. The degree of risk connected with heat stress of different intensities, risk of hyperthermia, body water loss, and decreased oxygen volume was determined. The studies showed that June 2019 was an example of an extreme situation with a heatwave that generated high stress for the inhabitants of urban areas. The conditions were burdensome mostly due to “very strong” and “strong” heat stress and periodic risk of dehydration, situations that could quickly lead to overheating of the body and a decreased oxygen volume leading to stress.

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Kolokotsa, Dionysia, Katerina Lilli, Kostas Gobakis, Angeliki Mavrigiannaki, Shamila Haddad, Samira Garshasbi, Hamed Reza Heshmat Mohajer, et al. "Analyzing the Impact of Urban Planning and Building Typologies in Urban Heat Island Mitigation." Buildings 12, no. 5 (April 23, 2022): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050537.

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Urban and building typologies have a serious impact on the urban climate and determine at large the magnitude of the urban overheating and urban heat island intensity. The present study aims to analyze the impact of various city typologies and urban planning characteristics on the mitigation of the urban heat island. The effect of the building height, street width, aspect ratio, built area ratio, orientation, and dimensions of open spaces on the distribution of the ambient and surface temperature in open spaces is analyzed using the Sydney Metropolitan Area as a case study for both unmitigated and mitigated scenarios. Fourteen precincts are developed and simulated using ENVI-met the simulation tool. The ambient temperature, surface temperature, and wind speed are extracted. The parameter ‘Gradient of the Temperature Decrease along the Precinct Axis’ (GTD) is introduced to study the cooling potential of the various precincts. In the mitigated precincts, the GTD ranges between 0.01 K/m to 0.004 K/m. In the non-mitigated precincts, the GTD ranges between 0.0093 K/m to 0.0024 K/m. A strong correlation is observed between the GTD of all the precincts, with and without mitigation, and their corresponding average aspect ratio, (Height of buildings to Width of streets). The higher the aspect ratio of the precinct, the lower the cooling potential. It is also observed that the higher the Built Area Ratio of the precincts, the lower the cooling contribution of the mitigation measures.

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Lee, T. W., Heung S. Choi, and Jinoh Lee. "Generalized Scaling of Urban Heat Island Effect and Its Applications for Energy Consumption and Renewable Energy." Advances in Meteorology 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/948306.

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In previous work from this laboratory, it has been found that the urban heat island intensity (UHI) can be scaled with the urban length scale and the wind speed, through the time-dependent energy balance. The heating of the urban surfaces during the daytime sets the initial temperature, and this overheating is dissipated during the night-time through mean convection motion over the urban surface. This may appear to be in contrast to the classical work by Oke (1973). However, in this work, we show that if the population density is used in converting the population data into urbanized area, then a good agreement with the current theory is found. An additional parameter is the “urban flow parameter,” which depends on the urban building characteristics and affects the horizontal convection of heat due to wind. This scaling can be used to estimate the UHI intensity in any cities and therefore predict the required energy consumption during summer months. In addition, all urbanized surfaces are expected to exhibit this scaling, so that increase in the surface temperature in large energy-consumption or energy-producing facilities (e.g., solar electric or thermal power plants) can be estimated.

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Gornyy, V. I., S. G. Kritsuk, I. Sh Latypov, and A. A. Tronin. "Satellite mapping of economic damage from urban deaths caused by overheating (by example of Helsinki, Finland)." Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa 19, no. 3 (2022): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21046/2070-7401-2022-19-3-35-46.

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Samodra, F. X. T. B., and I. G. Nugrahani. "Composing the noise space: Musical architecture of urban culture." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 903, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/903/1/012003.

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Abstract In the recent climate change era of several tropical urban living and cultures, many slums are built on the railroad tracks accompanying the overheating environment. The people in that area can receive the noise radiation that was made from the railroad and the train wheels friction. The design research aims to manage noise with high intensity into the white noise, which was fit and valuable to increasing human life performance in daily life. It enhances through designing the attractive area at Malang urban area as the site and analyzing the environmental psychology approach according to adaptable barriers. This study uses audio editing and music notation software, Adobe Audition and Cubase, to capture the sound to support the design. The results highlighted that musical architecture could bridge the needs of the various people’s living space and noise that cannot be moved and deleted. The play of materials, order, and composition of time that pay attention to the intensity and frequency of noise design project compose the rhythm of formal and spatial settlement design.

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Falasca, Serena, Annalisa Di Bernardino, Virgilio Ciancio, Gabriele Curci, and Ferdinando Salata. "A Preliminary Study of Summer Thermo-Hygrometric Comfort under Different Environmental Conditions in a Mediterranean City." Urban Science 6, no. 3 (August 21, 2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci6030051.

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Анотація:

The thermo-hygrometric sensation of pedestrians in outdoor environments can be quantified by means of bioclimatic indices. In this work, the Mediterranean Outdoor Thermal Comfort Index (MOCI) is applied in the city of Rome (Italy) for the purpose of investigating the effect of local environmental conditions (urban, suburban, rural) on pedestrian thermal comfort. Hourly values of MOCI are calculated for the May–September period in the years 2015–2021 using weather quantities acquired by the four monitoring stations of the Regional Agency for Environmental Protection included in the metropolitan area of Rome. MOCI data are analyzed based on the comfort and (cold/hot) discomfort conditions during both daytime and nighttime. At the urban station, 26% of daily records exceed the comfort threshold revealing the effect of urban overheating, whereas only 0.1% of hot discomfort occurrences are recorded overnight. Here, greater nighttime thermal comfort is experienced than in non-urban locations suggesting that the nocturnal thermo-hygrometric conditions are satisfactory for inhabitants in downtown Rome, despite the urban heat island. It also suggests that other factors, such as orography and atmospheric circulation, influence outdoor thermal comfort. The development of this work will therefore include at least these two elements.

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