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Готові списки джерел за темами / Vertebrates Physiology / Статті в журналах

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Статті в журналах з теми "Vertebrates Physiology"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Hedrick, Michael S., Stanley S. Hillman, Robert C. Drewes, and Philip C. Withers. "Lymphatic regulation in nonmammalian vertebrates." Journal of Applied Physiology 115, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00201.2013.

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All vertebrate animals share in common the production of lymph through net capillary filtration from their closed circulatory system into their tissues. The balance of forces responsible for net capillary filtration and lymph formation is described by the Starling equation, but additional factors such as vascular and interstitial compliance, which vary markedly among vertebrates, also have a significant impact on rates of lymph formation. Why vertebrates show extreme variability in rates of lymph formation and how nonmammalian vertebrates maintain plasma volume homeostasis is unclear. This gap

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2

Esposito, Alfonso, Luca Ambrosino, Silvano Piazza, Salvatore D’Aniello, Maria Luisa Chiusano, and Annamaria Locascio. "Evolutionary Adaptation of the Thyroid Hormone Signaling Toolkit in Chordates." Cells 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): 3391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123391.

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The specification of the endostyle in non-vertebrate chordates and of the thyroid gland in vertebrates are fundamental steps in the evolution of the thyroid hormone (TH) signaling to coordinate development and body physiology in response to a range of environmental signals. The physiology and biology of TH signaling in vertebrates have been studied in the past, but a complete understanding of such a complex system is still lacking. Non-model species from non-vertebrate chordates may greatly improve our understanding of the evolution of this complex endocrine pathway. Adaptation of already exis

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3

Zang, Jingjing, and Stephan C. F. Neuhauss. "Biochemistry and physiology of zebrafish photoreceptors." Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 473, no. 9 (February 17, 2021): 1569–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00424-021-02528-z.

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AbstractAll vertebrates share a canonical retina with light-sensitive photoreceptors in the outer retina. These photoreceptors are of two kinds: rods and cones, adapted to low and bright light conditions, respectively. They both show a peculiar morphology, with long outer segments, comprised of ordered stacks of disc-shaped membranes. These discs host numerous proteins, many of which contribute to the visual transduction cascade. This pathway converts the light stimulus into a biological signal, ultimately modulating synaptic transmission. Recently, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has gained popul

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4

Liang, Ping, Craig A. Jones, Brent W. Bisgrove, Lei Song, Sean T. Glenn, H. Joseph Yost, and Kenneth W. Gross. "Genomic characterization and expression analysis of the first nonmammalian renin genes from zebrafish and pufferfish." Physiological Genomics 16, no. 3 (February 13, 2004): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00012.2003.

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Liang, Ping, Craig A. Jones, Brent W. Bisgrove, Lei Song, Sean T. Glenn, H. Joseph Yost, and Kenneth W. Gross. Genomic characterization and expression analysis of the first nonmammalian renin genes from zebrafish and pufferfish. Physiol Genomics 16: 314–322, 2004. First published November 25, 2003; 10.1152/physiol-genomics. 00012.2003.—Renin is a key enzyme in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a pathway which plays an important physiological role in blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis. The origin of the RAS is believed to have accompanied early evolution of vertebrates. However, renin

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5

Wood, Philip G., Olga V. Lopatko, Sandra Orgeig, Jean M. P. Joss, Allan W. Smits, and Christopher B. Daniels. "Control of pulmonary surfactant secretion: an evolutionary perspective." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): R611—R619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.3.r611.

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Pulmonary surfactant, a mixture consisting of phospholipids (PL) and proteins, is secreted by type II cells in the lungs of all air-breathing vertebrates. Virtually nothing is known about the factors that control the secretion of pulmonary surfactant in nonmammalian vertebrates. With the use of type II cell cultures from Australian lungfish, North American bullfrogs, and fat-tailed dunnarts, we describe the autonomic regulation of surfactant secretion among the vertebrates. ACh, but not epinephrine (Epi), stimulated total PL and disaturated PL (DSP) secretion from type II cells isolated from A

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6

Wichmann, Lukas, and Mike Althaus. "Evolution of epithelial sodium channels: current concepts and hypotheses." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 319, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): R387—R400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00144.2020.

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The conquest of freshwater and terrestrial habitats was a key event during vertebrate evolution. Occupation of low-salinity and dry environments required significant osmoregulatory adaptations enabling stable ion and water homeostasis. Sodium is one of the most important ions within the extracellular liquid of vertebrates, and molecular machinery for urinary reabsorption of this electrolyte is critical for the maintenance of body osmoregulation. Key ion channels involved in the fine-tuning of sodium homeostasis in tetrapod vertebrates are epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs), which allow the sel

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7

Little, A. G., K. M. Kocha, S. C. Lougheed, and C. D. Moyes. "Evolution of the nuclear-encoded cytochrome oxidase subunits in vertebrates." Physiological Genomics 42, no. 1 (June 2010): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00015.2010.

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Vertebrate mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) possesses 10 nuclear-encoded subunits. Six subunits have paralogs in mammals, but the origins and distribution of isoforms among vertebrates have not been analyzed. We used Bayesian phylogenetic analysis to interpret the origins of each subunit, inferring the roles of gene and genome duplications. The paralogous ancestries of five genes were identical throughout the major vertebrate taxa: no paralogs of COX6c and COX7c, two paralogs of COX4 and COX6a, and three paralogs of COX7a. Two genes had an extra copy in teleosts (COX5a, COX5b), and thr

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8

Storey, Kenneth B., and Janet M. Storey. "Molecular Physiology of Freeze Tolerance in Vertebrates." Physiological Reviews 97, no. 2 (April 2017): 623–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00016.2016.

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Freeze tolerance is an amazing winter survival strategy used by various amphibians and reptiles living in seasonally cold environments. These animals may spend weeks or months with up to ∼65% of their total body water frozen as extracellular ice and no physiological vital signs, and yet after thawing they return to normal life within a few hours. Two main principles of animal freeze tolerance have received much attention: the production of high concentrations of organic osmolytes (glucose, glycerol, urea among amphibians) that protect the intracellular environment, and the control of ice withi

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9

Hoffmann, Else K., Ian H. Lambert, and Stine F. Pedersen. "Physiology of Cell Volume Regulation in Vertebrates." Physiological Reviews 89, no. 1 (January 2009): 193–277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00037.2007.

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The ability to control cell volume is pivotal for cell function. Cell volume perturbation elicits a wide array of signaling events, leading to protective (e.g., cytoskeletal rearrangement) and adaptive (e.g., altered expression of osmolyte transporters and heat shock proteins) measures and, in most cases, activation of volume regulatory osmolyte transport. After acute swelling, cell volume is regulated by the process of regulatory volume decrease (RVD), which involves the activation of KCl cotransport and of channels mediating K+, Cl−, and taurine efflux. Conversely, after acute shrinkage, cel

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10

Barrick, Reese E. "Isotope Paleobiology of the Vertebrates: Ecology, Physiology, and Diagenesis." Paleontological Society Papers 4 (October 1998): 101–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000413.

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Isotopic studies of vertebrate material have a short history, while isotopic analyses of invertebrates originated in the 1940's. Interestingly, the driving force behind Harold Urey's desire to derive a carbonate paleotemperature scale in the 1940's and 1950's was the hope that it would solve the mystery of dinosaur extinction by demonstrating temperature changes at the K/T boundary. The most useful and commonly investigated stable isotopes for paleobiologic studies of vertebrates are carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. Oxygen is available from the inorganic bone or tooth apatite phase. Carbon is most

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11

Parrizas, M., M. A. Maestro, N. Banos, I. Navarro, J. Planas, and J. Gutierrez. "Insulin/IGF-I binding ratio in skeletal and cardiac muscles of vertebrates: a phylogenetic approach." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 269, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): R1370—R1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.6.r1370.

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Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) receptor binding and tyrosine kinase activity were characterized in cardiac and skeletal muscles of several vertebrates. Specific insulin binding per unit weight of skeletal muscle was clearly higher in pigeon and rat than in ectothermic vertebrates (32 +/- 5 and 25 +/- 2.7%/100 mg initial tissue in pigeon and rat, respectively, vs. 4.4 +/- 0.2%/100 mg in carp samples). Insulin binding clearly predominated over IGF-I binding in skeletal muscle of endotherms (IGF-I binding was 7.7 +/- 0.5%/100 mg in rat). In ectothermic vertebrates the situation wa

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12

Rayner, Jeremy M. V. "Mechanics and physiology of flight in fossil vertebrates." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 80, no. 3-4 (1989): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300028753.

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ABSTRACTFlight—defined as the ability to produce useful aerodynamic forces by flapping wings—is one of the most demanding adaptations in vertebrates. The mechanical problems of flight ensure considerable external morphological homogeneity and behavioural similarity in extant fliers. Observations of the vortex wakes and wingbeat geometry of modern birds and bats confirm that the two groups are mechanically very similar, despite differences in phylogeny, anatomy and physiology. With this background it is possible to attack two problems: the evolution of flight in vertebrates, and the flight perf

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13

Sobczak, Katja, Anne Willing, Kristina Kusche, Nadine Bangel, and Wolf-Michael Weber. "Amiloride-sensitive sodium absorption is different in vertebrates and invertebrates." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 292, no. 6 (June 2007): R2318—R2327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00549.2006.

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Amiloride-sensitive Na+ absorption is a well-described feature of numerous transporting epithelia in vertebrates. Yet, very little is known about this important physiological process regarding invertebrates. In the present paper, we compare vertebrate Na+ absorption mediated by the amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and its invertebrate counterpart. We used the dorsal skin of the annelid Hirudo medicinalis as a model for the Na+ absorption of invertebrate epithelia. In applying electrophysiological, molecular, and biochemical techniques we found striking functional and structura

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14

Koldkjær, Pia, M. Danielle McDonald, Ian Prior, and Michael Berenbrink. "Pronounced in vivo hemoglobin polymerization in red blood cells of Gulf toadfish: a general role for hemoglobin aggregation in vertebrate hemoparasite defense?" American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 305, no. 10 (November 15, 2013): R1190—R1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00246.2013.

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Two human hemoglobin (Hb) variants, Hb C and Hb S, are known to protect against Plasmodium falciparum malaria and have evolved repeatedly in malaria endemic areas. Both aggregate to insoluble crystals (Hb C) or polymers (Hb S) under certain physiological conditions, impair parasite growth, and may facilitate retention of infected red blood cells (RBCs) in the spleen. Given the profound effects of parasites on host evolution in general, and that RBC Hb concentration is often close to its solubility limit throughout vertebrates, similar mechanisms may operate in nonhuman vertebrates. Here we sho

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15

Werner, Andreas, and Rolf K. H. Kinne. "Evolution of the Na-Picotransport systems." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 280, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): R301—R312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.2.r301.

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Membrane transport systems for Pitransport are key elements in maintaining homeostasis of Piin organisms as diverse as bacteria and human. Two Na-Picotransporter families with well-described functional properties in vertebrates, namely NaPi-II and NaPi-III, show conserved structural features with prokaryotic origin. A clear vertical relationship can be established among the mammalian protein family NaPi-III, a homologous system in C. elegans, the yeast system Pho89, and the bacterial Pitransporter Pit. An alternative lineage connects the mammalian NaPi-II-related transporters with homologous p

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16

Shiels, Holly A., and Gina L. J. Galli. "The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and the Evolution of the Vertebrate Heart." Physiology 29, no. 6 (November 2014): 456–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00015.2014.

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The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is crucial for contraction and relaxation of the mammalian cardiomyocyte, but its role in other vertebrate classes is equivocal. Recent evidence suggests differences in SR function across species may have an underlying structural basis. Here, we discuss how SR recruitment relates to the structural organization of the cardiomyocyte to provide new insight into the evolution of cardiac design and function in vertebrates.

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17

Schwandt, Sara E., Sarath C. Peddu, and Larry G. Riley. "Differential Roles for Octanoylated and Decanoylated Ghrelins in Regulating Appetite and Metabolism." International Journal of Peptides 2010 (March 17, 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/275804.

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Since its identification in 1999, ghrelin has been identified in all vertebrate groups. The “active core” of ghrelin is highly conserved among vertebrates, suggesting its biological activity to be also conserved. In fish, both acylated forms of ghrelin have been identified; however, the ratio of the ghrelin-C8 to ghrelin-C10 is not as great as observed in mammals. In the tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), ghrelin-C10 is the major form of ghrelin. Since fish are known to inhabit every ecological niche on earth, studies on fish have provided valuable insight into vertebrate physiology in general

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18

Shaffer, Justin F., and Todd E. Gillis. "Evolution of the regulatory control of vertebrate striated muscle: the roles of troponin I and myosin binding protein-C." Physiological Genomics 42, no. 3 (August 2010): 406–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00055.2010.

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Troponin I (TnI) and myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C) are key regulatory proteins of contractile function in vertebrate muscle. TnI modulates the Ca2+ activation signal, while MyBP-C regulates cross-bridge cycling kinetics. In vertebrates, each protein is distributed as tissue-specific paralogs in fast skeletal (fs), slow skeletal (ss), and cardiac (c) muscles. The purpose of this study is to characterize how TnI and MyBP-C have changed during the evolution of vertebrate striated muscle and how tissue-specific paralogs have adapted to different physiological conditions. To accomplish this we

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19

Dzialowski, Edward M. "Comparative physiology of the ductus arteriosus among vertebrates." Seminars in Perinatology 42, no. 4 (June 2018): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2018.05.002.

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20

Naftalin, R. "Comparative Physiology of the Digestive System of Vertebrates." Gut 39, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.39.3.498-a.

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21

Milsom, W. K. "Intermittent Breathing in Vertebrates." Annual Review of Physiology 53, no. 1 (October 1991): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.53.030191.000511.

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22

Stevens, B. R. "Vertebrate intestine apical membrane mechanisms of organic nutrient transport." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 263, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): R458—R463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.263.3.r458.

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This paper presents the current understanding of comparative vertebrate intestine basic mechanisms of brush-border membrane transport. Animals control the uptake of monosaccharides and amino acids at three levels: 1) mucosal hyperplasia increases uptake nonselectively, 2) individual enterocytes increase the transport capacity of specific transporter systems, and 3) the transporters themselves are modulated by solute and ion electrochemical gradients. In light of the current literature, This paper summarizes the kinetics, thermodynamics, and the physical arrangement of one mode of transport, th

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23

Dufour, Sylvie, Bruno Quérat, Hervé Tostivint, Catherine Pasqualini, Hubert Vaudry, and Karine Rousseau. "Origin and Evolution of the Neuroendocrine Control of Reproduction in Vertebrates, With Special Focus on Genome and Gene Duplications." Physiological Reviews 100, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 869–943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00009.2019.

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In humans, as in the other mammals, the neuroendocrine control of reproduction is ensured by the brain-pituitary gonadotropic axis. Multiple internal and environmental cues are integrated via brain neuronal networks, ultimately leading to the modulation of the activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. The decapeptide GnRH is released into the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal blood system and stimulates the production of pituitary glycoprotein hormones, the two gonadotropins luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. A novel actor, the neuropeptide kisspeptin, acting

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24

Morley, N. J., J. W. Lewis, and D. Hoole. "Pollutant-induced effects on immunological and physiological interactions in aquatic host–trematode systems: implications for parasite transmission." Journal of Helminthology 80, no. 2 (June 2006): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2006345.

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AbstractUnder conditions of pollution both host and parasite are susceptible to the pathogenic effects of toxicants, which in turn may result in detrimental changes to their immunological and physiological processes. Digenetic trematodes, which encompass species of both medical and economic importance, possess complex life cycles and are common parasites of both vertebrates and molluscs. The combined stress induced by pollution and parasitism influences the physiology of the host which can have implications not only on host survival but also on the functional biology of resident parasite popul

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25

Padian, Kevin, and Armand de Ricqlès. "Inferring the physiological regimes of extinct vertebrates: methods, limits and framework." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1793 (January 13, 2020): 20190147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0147.

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What can we know of the physiological regimes of ancient vertebrates? Essential to the exploration of this question are several epistemological tools: (i) a phylogenetic framework for interpreting whole animals and individual tissues, (ii) reliable knowledge of variation in populations and among climates and geographies, (iii) an understanding of phenotypic variation during ontogeny and between sexes, and (iv) a sense of the patterns of body size change, both phyletically and ontogenetically. Palaeobiologists are historically bound to a dichotomous set of terms developed long ago to describe t

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26

Pugh, E. N., and W. H. Miller. "Special Topic: Phototransduction in Vertebrates." Annual Review of Physiology 49, no. 1 (March 1987): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.49.030187.003431.

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27

CARROLL, ROBERT L., JASON IRWIN, and DAVID M. GREEN. "Thermal physiology and the origin of terrestriality in vertebrates." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143, no. 3 (March 2005): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00151.x.

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28

Burggren, W. W., and A. W. Pinder. "Ontogeny of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology in Lower Vertebrates." Annual Review of Physiology 53, no. 1 (October 1991): 107–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.53.030191.000543.

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29

Homyack, Jessica A. "Evaluating habitat quality of vertebrates using conservation physiology tools." Wildlife Research 37, no. 4 (2010): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08093.

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Studies examining how wildlife populations perceive and respond to habitat are common, and many attempt to understand how the quality of available habitats influences population processes such as survival and recruitment. Traditional methods to estimate habitat quality (e.g. population density) have not led to great advancement in our understanding of relationships between habitat and fitness in recent years. Metrics from the discipline of conservation physiology could help researchers to address these difficulties and to meet the challenges that habitat alteration poses to biodiversity. Incor

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30

Cabernard, Clemens, Marc Neumann, and Markus Affolter. "Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in branching morphogenesis of the Drosophila tracheal system." Journal of Applied Physiology 97, no. 6 (December 2004): 2347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00435.2004.

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Recent comparative studies have shown that, in many instances, the genetic network underlying the development of distinct organ systems is similar in invertebrate and vertebrate organisms. Genetically well-characterized, simple invertebrate model systems, such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, can thus provide useful insight for understanding more complex organ systems in vertebrates. Here, we summarize recent progress in the genetic analysis of tracheal development in Drosophila and compare the results to studies aimed at a better understanding of lung development in mous

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Gardner, Jacob D., Michel Laurin, and Chris L. Organ. "The relationship between genome size and metabolic rate in extant vertebrates." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1793 (January 13, 2020): 20190146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0146.

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Genome size has long been hypothesized to affect the metabolic rate in various groups of animals. The mechanism behind this proposed association is the nucleotypic effect, in which large nucleus and cell sizes influence cellular metabolism through surface area-to-volume ratios. Here, we provide a review of the recent literature on the relationship between genome size and metabolic rate. We also conduct an analysis using phylogenetic comparative methods and a large sample of extant vertebrates. We find no evidence that the effect of genome size improves upon models in explaining metabolic rate

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32

Rotwein, Peter. "The insulin-like growth factor 2 gene and locus in nonmammalian vertebrates: Organizational simplicity with duplication but limited divergence in fish." Journal of Biological Chemistry 293, no. 41 (August 28, 2018): 15912–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra118.004861.

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The small, secreted peptide, insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), is essential for fetal and prenatal growth in humans and other mammals. Human IGF2 and mouse Igf2 genes are located within a conserved linkage group and are regulated by parental imprinting, with IGF2/Igf2 being expressed from the paternally derived chromosome, and H19 from the maternal chromosome. Here, data retrieved from genomic and gene expression repositories were used to examine the Igf2 gene and locus in 8 terrestrial vertebrates, 11 ray-finned fish, and 1 lobe-finned fish representing >500 million years of evolutionar

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33

Cai, Shi-Ying, Lin Wang, Nazzareno Ballatori, and James L. Boyer. "Bile salt export pump is highly conserved during vertebrate evolution and its expression is inhibited by PFIC type II mutations." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281, no. 2 (August 1, 2001): G316—G322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.2.g316.

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Bile secretion is a fundamental function of the liver of all vertebrates and is generated by ATP-dependent transport proteins at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, particularly by the bile salt export pump BSEP. To determine the evolutionary origin and structure-function relationship of this transport mechanism, a liver cDNA library from the marine skate Raja erinacea, a 200 million-year-old vertebrate, was screened for BSEP orthologues. A full-length clone was isolated that encodes for 1,348 amino acids and shares 68.5% identity to human BSEP. Northern blot analysis revealed a 5-kb tran

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34

Morales, O. Y., J. M. Navarrete, I. Gracia, L. Macias, M. Rivera, and F. Sanchez. "Effect of fulvic acids on the electrolytes physiology in vertebrates." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 652, no. 1 (October 2011): 838–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.09.055.

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35

Martinez-Conde, S., and S. L. Macknik. "Fixational eye movements across vertebrates: Comparative dynamics, physiology, and perception." Journal of Vision 8, no. 14 (December 1, 2008): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/8.14.28.

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36

Lomax, Jo E., Chelcie H. Eller, and Ronald T. Raines. "Comparative functional analysis of ribonuclease 1 homologs: molecular insights into evolving vertebrate physiology." Biochemical Journal 474, no. 13 (June 21, 2017): 2219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20170173.

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Анотація:

Pancreatic-type ribonucleases (ptRNases) comprise a class of highly conserved secretory endoribonucleases in vertebrates. The prototype of this enzyme family is ribonuclease 1 (RNase 1). Understanding the physiological roles of RNase 1 is becoming increasingly important, as engineered forms of the enzyme progress through clinical trials as chemotherapeutic agents for cancer. Here, we present an in-depth biochemical characterization of RNase 1 homologs from a broad range of mammals (human, bat, squirrel, horse, cat, mouse, and cow) and nonmammalian species (chicken, lizard, and frog). We discov

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37

Voitenko, L. P. "Vestibulospinal system organization in vertebrates." Neurophysiology 24, no. 2 (March 1992): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01893034.

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38

WIESER, W. "Energetics of fish larvae, the smallest vertebrates." Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 154, no. 3 (July 1995): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1995.tb09912.x.

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39

Catterall, W. A. "Genetic Analysis of Ion Channels in Vertebrates." Annual Review of Physiology 50, no. 1 (October 1988): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.50.030188.002143.

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40

Danks, JA, MK Trivett, DM Power, AVM Canario, TJ Martin, and PM Ingleton. "PARATHYROID HORMONE-RELATED PROTEIN IN LOWER VERTEBRATES." Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 25, no. 9 (September 1998): 750–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02290.x.

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41

Muller, M., and K. Heeck. "Why vertebrates have semicircular ducts." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 150, no. 3 (July 2008): S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.04.205.

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42

Weber, Roy E., Wolfgang Voelter, Angela Fago, Hartmut Echner, Estela Campanella, and Philip S. Low. "Modulation of red cell glycolysis: interactions between vertebrate hemoglobins and cytoplasmic domains of band 3 red cell membrane proteins." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 287, no. 2 (August 2004): R454—R464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00060.2004.

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Several vital functions/physical characteristics of erythrocytes (including glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, ion fluxes, and cellular deformability) display dependence on the state of hemoglobin oxygenation. The molecular mechanism proposed involves an interaction between deoxyhemoglobin and the cytoplasmic domain of the anion-exchange protein, band 3 (cdB3). Given that band 3 also binds to membrane proteins 4.1 and 4.2, several kinases, hemichromes, and integral membrane proteins, and at least three glycolytic enzymes, it has been suggested that the cdB3-deoxyhemoglobin interaction

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43

Nieder, Andreas. "Interrelation of kinetic and stereoscopic depth: behavior and physiology in vertebrates." Behavioural Processes 64, no. 1 (August 2003): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-6357(03)00055-x.

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44

Stark, Heiko, and Stefan Schuster. "Comparison of various approaches to calculating the optimal hematocrit in vertebrates." Journal of Applied Physiology 113, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00369.2012.

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An interesting problem in hemorheology is to calculate that volume fraction of erythrocytes (hematocrit) that is optimal for transporting a maximum amount of oxygen. If the hematocrit is too low, too few erythrocytes are present to transport oxygen. If it is too high, the blood is very viscous and cannot flow quickly, so that oxygen supply to the tissues is again reduced. These considerations are very important, since oxygen transport is an important factor for physical performance. Here, we derive theoretical optimal values of hematocrit in vertebrates and collect, from the literature, experi

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45

Karasov, William H., Duong Phan, Jared M. Diamond, and F. Lynn Carpenter. "Food Passage and Intestinal Nutrient Absorption in Hummingbirds." Auk 103, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/103.3.453.

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Abstract We studied adaptations of digestive physiology that permit Rufous (Selasphorus rufus) and Anna's hummingbirds (Calypte anna) to absorb sugar-water meals rapidly and efficiently. As measured with soluble markers, transit times (<15 min) and mean retention times (ca. 48 min) of meals in the hummingbird digestive tract are brief compared with values for most other vertebrates. Glucose is extracted with an efficiency of 97%. We describe a new method, employing double isotope dilution, for measuring crop-emptying kinetics. Based on this method, the crop empties half of a meal in ca. 4 m

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46

Gillis, G., and G. Lauder. "Kinematics of feeding in bluegill sunfish: is there a general distinction between aquatic capture and transport behaviors?" Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 709–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.3.709.

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Despite numerous studies of food transport in terrestrial vertebrates, little is known about this aspect of the feeding repertoire in aquatic vertebrates. Previous work had predicted that the kinematics of aquatic prey capture by suction feeding should be similar to those of prey transport. However, recent analyses of aquatic prey capture and transport in the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum have contradicted this hypothesis, and document numerous differences between these two behaviors. In this study, using high-speed video and statistical analyses, we compare prey capture and transport ki

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47

Calder, W. A. "Scaling Energetics of Homeothermic Vertebrates: an Operational Allometry." Annual Review of Physiology 49, no. 1 (March 1987): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.49.030187.000543.

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48

Gluck, S. "V-ATPases of the plasma membrane." Journal of Experimental Biology 172, no. 1 (November 1, 1992): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.172.1.29.

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Анотація:

V-ATPases reside in high densities on the plasma membrane in specialized types of insect and vertebrate cells. They provide unique biochemical and electrophysiological properties that allow them to function in energizing the plasma membrane in insects, and in cellular acid excretion in vertebrates.

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49

Campbell, Scott S., Patricia J. Murphy, and Andrea G. Suhner. "EXTRAOCULAR PHOTOTRANSDUCTION AND CIRCADIAN TIMING SYSTEMS IN VERTEBRATES." Chronobiology International 18, no. 2 (January 2001): 137–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/cbi-100103183.

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50

Bertolucci, Cristiano, and Augusto Foà. "Extraocular Photoreception and Circadian Entrainment in Nonmammalian Vertebrates." Chronobiology International 21, no. 4-5 (January 2004): 501–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/cbi-120039813.

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