Готові списки джерел за темами / Visual-perceptual expertise

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Visual-perceptual expertise"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 січня 2023

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Visual-perceptual expertise"

Cheung, Olivia S., and Moshe Bar. "Visual prediction and perceptual expertise." International Journal of Psychophysiology 83, no. 2 (February 2012): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.11.002.

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Wong, Yetta Kwailing, and Isabel Gauthier. "A Multimodal Neural Network Recruited by Expertise with Musical Notation." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 4 (April 2010): 695–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21229.

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Анотація:

Prior neuroimaging work on visual perceptual expertise has focused on changes in the visual system, ignoring possible effects of acquiring expert visual skills in nonvisual areas. We investigated expertise for reading musical notation, a skill likely to be associated with multimodal abilities. We compared brain activity in music-reading experts and novices during perception of musical notation, Roman letters, and mathematical symbols and found selectivity for musical notation for experts in a widespread multimodal network of areas. The activity in several of these areas was correlated with a behavioral measure of perceptual fluency with musical notation, suggesting that activity in nonvisual areas can predict individual differences in visual expertise. The visual selectivity for musical notation is distinct from that for faces, single Roman letters, and letter strings. Implications of the current findings to the study of visual perceptual expertise, music reading, and musical expertise are discussed.

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Mann, Derek T. Y., A. Mark Williams, Paul Ward, and Christopher M. Janelle. "Perceptual-Cognitive Expertise in Sport: A Meta-Analysis." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 29, no. 4 (August 2007): 457–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.29.4.457.

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Research focusing on perceptual-cognitive skill in sport is abundant. However, the existing qualitative syntheses of this research lack the quantitative detail necessary to determine the magnitude of differences between groups of varying levels of skills, thereby limiting the theoretical and practical contribution of this body of literature. We present a meta-analytic review focusing on perceptual-cognitive skill in sport (N = 42 studies, 388 effect sizes) with the primary aim of quantifying expertise differences. Effects were calculated for a variety of dependent measures (i.e., response accuracy, response time, number of visual fixations, visual fixation duration, and quiet eye period) using point-biserial correlation. Results indicated that experts are better than nonexperts in picking up perceptual cues, as revealed by measures of response accuracy and response time. Systematic differences in visual search behaviors were also observed, with experts using fewer fixations of longer duration, including prolonged quiet eye periods, compared with nonexperts. Several factors (e.g., sport type, research paradigm employed, and stimulus presentation modality) significantly moderated the relationship between level of expertise and perceptual-cognitive skill. Practical and theoretical implications are presented and suggestions for empirical work are provided.

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Ro, Tony, Ashley Friggel, and Nilli Lavie. "Musical expertise modulates the effects of visual perceptual load." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 71, no. 4 (May 2009): 671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/app.71.4.671.

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Curby, Kim M., and Isabel Gauthier. "To the Trained Eye: Perceptual Expertise Alters Visual Processing." Topics in Cognitive Science 2, no. 2 (April 2010): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01058.x.

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Zhang, Yao, Jie Li, Ziwei Wang, Lun Zhao, Wei Wang, and Danmin Miao. "Perceptual expertise impacts preattentive processing of visual simple feature." NeuroReport 29, no. 5 (March 2018): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0000000000000947.

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Tanaka, James W., Tim Curran, and David L. Sheinberg. "The Training and Transfer of Real-World Perceptual Expertise." Psychological Science 16, no. 2 (February 2005): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00795.x.

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Анотація:

A hallmark of perceptual expertise is that experts classify objects at a more specific, subordinate level of abstraction than novices. To what extent does subordinate-level learning contribute to the transfer of perceptual expertise to novel exemplars and novel categories? In this study, participants learned to classify 10 varieties of wading birds and 10 varieties of owls at either the subordinate, species (e.g., “great blue crown heron,” “eastern screech owl”) or the family (“wading bird,” “owl”) level of abstraction. During training, the amount of visual exposure was equated such that participants received an equal number of learning trials for wading birds and owls. Pre- and posttraining performance was measured in a same/different discrimination task in which participants judged whether pairs of bird stimuli belonged to the same or different species. Participants trained in species-level discrimination demonstrated greater transfer to novel exemplars and novel species categories than participants trained in family-level discrimination. These findings suggest that perceptual categorization, not perceptual exposure per se, is important for the development and generalization of visual expertise.

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Landers, Casey. "Specialized Visual Experiences." Philosophical Quarterly 71, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 74–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqaa018.

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Анотація:

Abstract Through extensive training, experts acquire specialized knowledge and abilities. In this paper, I argue that experts also acquire specialized visual experiences. Specifically, I articulate and defend the account that experts enjoy visual experiences that represent gestalt properties through perceptual learning. I survey an array of empirical studies on face perception and perceptual expertise that support this account. I also look at studies on perceptual adaptation that some might argue present a problem for my account. I show how the data are subject to an interpretation that is friendly to it. Last, I address two theoretical objections to the claim that visual experiences represent gestalt properties.

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Zhang, W., and W. Hayward. "The effect of perceptual expertise on visual short-term memory." Journal of Vision 11, no. 11 (September 23, 2011): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.11.679.

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Zhao, L. "Perceptual expertise affects pre-attentive change detection of visual features." International Journal of Psychophysiology 85, no. 3 (September 2012): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.06.094.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Visual-perceptual expertise"

Oliver, Jonah. "Sporting expertise : does the visuomotor map show the way? /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17716.pdf.

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Clark, Kait. "Variation in Visual Search Abilities and Performance." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8729.

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Анотація:

Visual search, the process of detecting relevant items within an environment, is a vital skill required for navigating one's visual environment as well as for careers, such as radiology and airport security, that rely upon accurate searching. Research over the course of several decades has established that visual search requires the integration of low- and high-level cognitive processes, including sensory analysis, attentional allocation, target discrimination, and decision-making. Search abilities are malleable and vary in accordance with long-term experiences, direct practice, and contextual factors in the immediate environment; however, the mechanisms responsible for changes in search performance remain largely unclear. A series of studies examine variation in visual search abilities and performance and aim to identify the underlying mechanisms.

To assess differences associated with long-term experiences, visual search performance is compared between laypersons (typically undergraduates) and specific populations, including radiologists and avid action video game players. Behavioral markers of search processes are used to elucidate causes of enhanced search performance. To assess differences associated with direct practice, laypersons perform a visual search task over five consecutive days, and electrophysiological activity is recorded from the scalp on the first and last days of the protocol. Electrophysiological markers associated with specific stages of processing are analyzed to determine neurocognitive changes contributing to improved performance. To assess differences associated with contextual factors, laypersons are randomly assigned to experimental conditions in which they complete a visual search task within a particular framework or in the presence or absence of motivation, feedback, and/or time pressure.

Results demonstrate that search abilities can improve through experience and direct training, but the mechanisms underlying effects in each case are different. Long-term experiences are associated with strategic attentional allocation, but direct training can improve low-level sensory analysis in addition to higher-level processes. Results also demonstrate nuanced effects of experience and context. On searches that contain multiple targets, task framework impacts accuracy for detecting additional targets after one target has been identified. The combination of motivation and feedback enhances accuracy for both single- and multiple-target searches. Implications for cognitive theory and applications to occupational protocols are discussed.

Dissertation

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Hagen, Simen. "The influence of real-world object expertise on visual discrimination mechanisms." Thesis, 2017. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/8942.

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Анотація:

Object experts quickly and accurately discriminate objects within their domain of expertise. Although expert recognition has been extensively studied both at the behavioral- and neural-levels in both real-world and laboratory trained experts, we know little about the visual features and perceptual strategies that the expert learns to use in order to make fast and accurate recognition judgments. Thus, the aim of this work was to identify the visual features (e.g., color, form, motion) and perceptual strategies (e.g., fixation pattern) that real-world experts employ to recognize objects from their domain of expertise. Experiments 1 to 3 used psychophysical methods to test the role of color, form (spatial frequencies), and motion, respectively, in expert object recognition. Experiment 1 showed that although both experts and novices relied on color to recognize birds at the family level, analysis of the response time distribution revealed that color facilitated expert performance in the fastest and slowest trials whereas color only helped the novices in the slower trials. Experiment 2 showed that both experts and novices were more accurate when bird images contained the internal information represented by a middle range of SFs, described by a quadratic function. However, the experts, but not the novices, showed a similar quadratic relationship between response times and SF range. Experiment 3 showed that, contrary to our prediction, both groups were equally sensitivity to global bird motion. Experiment 4, which tested the perceptual stategies of expert recognition in a gaze-contingent eye-tracking paradigm, showed that only in the fastest trials did experts use a wider range of vision. Experiment 5, which examined the neural representations of categories within the expert domain, suggested that the mechanisms that represents within-categories of faces also represented within-categories from the domain of expertise, but not the novice domain. Collectively, these studies suggest that expertise influence visual discrimination mechanisms such that they become more sensitive to the visual dimensions upon which the expert domains are discriminated.
Graduate
2018-12-12

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Waters, Amy. "The Art of Coaching vs. The Science of Movement: Integrating Experiential Knowledge and Scientific Evidence into Coaching Practices." Thesis, 2020. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/41810/.

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Анотація:

The overall aim of this research was to examine the factors that influence the coach-biomechanist relationship in the elite sprinting context and gain an understanding of the factors that impede and enhance performance environments and relationships. It is thought that the transfer of sport science research into coaching practice is not as efficient as it should be, as it has been established that coaches are not using sport science as a source of knowledge. Subsequently, this insufficient transfer of knowledge could be limiting potential improvements in athlete performance. Technique analysis is a common area of expertise for both sprint coaches and biomechanists in high-performance sport and was therefore the ideal context to explore the coach-biomechanist relationship in detail. The first phase of research examined the coach and biomechanists’ understandings of optimal sprint running technique and determined the relationships between the experiential knowledge of the two groups. Findings showed elements that are crucial to optimal sprinting technique, such as the position of the contact foot and extension of the leg during stance. Differences in knowledge between the two groups were complimentary. For example, the biomechanists’ focus on the transition from swing into stance phases and the coaches’ interest in upper body movement. Moreover, the communication of these knowledge differences was potentially problematic. The second phase of this research determined if the knowledge differences found in the first phase influenced the visual search patterns of coaches and biomechanists. This difference was not observed, with visual search behaviour not reflecting the differences in knowledge seen in phase one. The third phase aimed to establish the context in which coaches and biomechanists interact to improve performance. This phase supported previous phases’ results in that communication styles and knowledge differences were impeding factors and added lack of role clarity to this list. The fourth and final phase investigated the interactions and exchange of information that occurs during the technique assessment process. Results showed that the process is a coach-led partnership where rapport building, and equal sharing of knowledge are emphasised. In summary, this research contributes to the understanding of the coach-sport science relationship by providing practical evidence for numerous concepts in a novel and more specialized population. It increases our understanding of coach technical knowledge and visual perceptual behaviour as well as uniquely incorporating the sport biomechanists’ knowledge and perspective into these investigations. The multi-layered approach used allowed the knowledge, behaviours and interactions that comprise qualitative analysis of technique to be investigated. This has greatly improved our understanding of the coach- biomechanist relationship and the factors that impede and enhance it.

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Книги з теми "Visual-perceptual expertise"

Isabel, Gauthier, Tarr Michael J, and Bub Daniel, eds. Perceptual expertise: Bridging brain and behavior. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "Visual-perceptual expertise"

Qiu, Waishan, Wenjing Li, Xun Liu, and Xiaokai Huang. "Subjectively Measured Streetscape Qualities for Shanghai with Large-Scale Application of Computer Vision and Machine Learning." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 242–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_23.

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AbstractRecently, many new studies emerged to apply computer vision (CV) to street view imagery (SVI) dataset to objectively extract the view indices of various streetscape features such as trees to proxy urban scene qualities. However, human perceptions (e.g., imageability) have a subtle relationship to visual elements which cannot be fully captured using view indices. Conversely, subjective measures using survey and interview data explain more human behaviors. However, the effectiveness of integrating subjective measures with SVI dataset has been less discussed. To address this, we integrated crowdsourcing, CV, and machine learning (ML) to subjectively measure four important perceptions suggested by classical urban design theory. We first collected experts’ rating on sample SVIs regarding the four qualities which became the training labels. CV segmentation was applied to SVI samples extracting streetscape view indices as the explanatory variables. We then trained ML models and achieved high accuracy in predicting the scores. We found a strong correlation between predicted complexity score and the density of urban amenities and services Point of Interests (POI), which validates the effectiveness of subjective measures. In addition, to test the generalizability of the proposed framework as well as to inform urban renewal strategies, we compared the measured qualities in Pudong to other five renowned urban cores worldwide. Rather than predicting perceptual scores directly from generic image features using convolution neural network, our approach follows what urban design theory suggested and confirms various streetscape features affecting multi-dimensional human perceptions. Therefore, its result provides more interpretable and actionable implications for policymakers and city planners.

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Carpio de los Pinos, Carmen, and Arturo Galán González. "Facilitating Accessibility: A Study on Innovative Didactic Materials to Generate Emotional Interactions with Pictorial Art." In The Science of Emotional Intelligence. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97796.

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Анотація:

This research has been undertaken to establish criteria for the construction of didactic materials to be experienced through touch (using a three-dimensional model) and hearing (through the provision of an audio description of the chosen painting) to provide learning and emotions. Eleven experts examined the didactic tools in which the scene of the painting had been depicted, through the use of white plastic figures modeled using a 3D printer. The models had been positioned to accurately correspond with the reference painting, with an explanatory narration supplied as an audio recording. Each of the experts involved were asked the same open questions in interviews that were audio-recorded and later transcribed. This feedback was analyzed and eleven concerns for consideration were determined: 1. How the figures felt to touch 2. Modeling and placement of the figure, 3. Position of the character, 4. Size, 5. The accurate 3D depiction of the 2D image, 6. Perspectives or visual points of view of the scene, 7. Enough representation of the painting in the model, 8. Distribution of visual components within the scene, 9. Perceptual appraisals, 10. Size of the model, 11. Touch of the whole model. The results indicated that the size of the model and the figurines was appropriate for their function. The figurines felt pleasant to handle and adequately described the postures and placement. Suggestions for further improvements were including more figurines in the model and adding color (omitted in the test model) to belong an inclusive design.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Visual-perceptual expertise"

Wu, Shuyu, Jie Zhang, Yuchao Cai, and Gang Liu. "Design and research of household small electric drill based on users' perceptual needs." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001805.

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Анотація:

Objective: in order to solve the problem that the existing electric drill does not consider the perceptual needs of users, optimize the existing household electric drill, Bring better "double experience" to users (emotional experience and use experience) and improve the visual presentation effect of the electric drill. Methods:1, collect the samples of the existing electric drill through network collection and field investigation, and analyze the modeling characteristics, color and material of the electric drill in the market, as well as the volume and operability of the electric drill through the collected pictures of the electric drill. Classify and summarize the pictures, screen them by experts, and eliminate them after they are similar to the samples, Eight relevant samples were obtained; 2： Through investigation, it is found that the appearance and shape of the existing household electric drill are lack of aesthetics, the volume is large, it is difficult to master, and dust will be scattered in use, which is lack of environmental protection and safety. Therefore, this paper positions the design of household electric drill products as beautiful, small, easy to operate, environmental protection and safety. 3： Through user research and brainstorming, the vocabulary that is not of great significance to the design of household electric drill products is deleted, and 6 pairs of perceptual image words are selected; 4： Starting from users' perceptual needs, understand users' emotional needs, use the semantic difference method in perceptual engineering, and make a seven level test scale according to the eight samples and six pairs of perceptual words. Collect users' emotional demands for household electric drill through the seven level scale questionnaire, and according to the results of the survey questionnaire, The entropy weight method is used to analyze the questionnaire data and the correlation between the data. Results: 1: the reliability of the data was evaluated, and the results showed that the questionnaire results had good reliability, 2： After standardizing the survey data by entropy weight method and relevant calculation, the importance ranking of six pairs of perceptual words and the data indicators between each sample are obtained. The correlation, strong correlation and strong correlation between words are calculated by Pearson correlation; 3： According to the above data processing results, it is found that the most important thing of household electric drill is environmental protection, which means that the electric drill will not produce a large amount of debris to pollute the surrounding environment and human health during use; Labor saving and light means that the overall volume of the electric drill should be light and easy to master, so as not to make the hole deviate; Simplicity is to minimize the complex design of product modeling design, and it is found that there is a strong correlation between labor-saving, lightness and simplicity. Therefore, the above perceptual words correspond to the design elements of household electric drill respectively, and a household small electric drill is designed according to the samples with high scores. Conclusion: under the guidance of semantic difference method and entropy weight method in perceptual engineering, the users' perceptual emotional needs are rationalized and digitized, the subjective components of designers in designing products are reduced, and a certain direction is provided for the design of household electric drill, so as to design a household electric drill more in line with the users' perceptual needs.

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