Статті в журналах: "VVE"

1

Thaker, Maulik N., Lindsay Kalan, Nicholas Waglechner, Alireza Eshaghi, Samir N. Patel, Susan Poutanen, Barbara Willey, et al. "Vancomycin-Variable Enterococci Can Give Rise to Constitutive Resistance during Antibiotic Therapy." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 3 (December 15, 2014): 1405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.04490-14.

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ABSTRACTVancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are notorious clinical pathogens restricting the use of glycopeptide antibiotics in the clinic setting. Routine surveillance to detect VRE isolated from patients relies on PCR bioassays and chromogenic agar-based test methods. In recent years, we and others have reported the emergence of enterococcal strains harboring a “silent” copy of vancomycin resistance genes that confer a vancomycin-susceptible phenotype (vancomycin-susceptible enterococci [VSE]) and thus escape detection using drug sensitivity screening tests. Alarmingly, these strains are able to convert to a resistance phenotype (VSE→VRE) during antibiotic treatment, severely compromising the success of therapy. Such strains have been termed vancomycin-variable enterococci (VVE). We have investigated the molecular mechanisms leading to the restoration of resistance in VVE isolates through the whole-genome sequencing of resistant isolates, measurement of resistance gene expression, and quantification of the accumulation of drug-resistant peptidoglycan precursors. The results demonstrate that VVE strains can revert to a VRE phenotype through the constitutive expression of the vancomycin resistance cassette. This is accomplished through a variety of changes in the DNA region upstream of the resistance genes that includes both a deletion of a likely transcription inhibitory secondary structure and the introduction of a new unregulated promoter. The VSE→VRE transition of VVE can occur in patients during the course of antibiotic therapy, resulting in treatment failure. These VVE strains therefore pose a new challenge to the current regimen of diagnostic tests used for VRE detection in the clinic setting.

2

Sun, Lingyan, Yan Chen, Xiaoting Hua, Yiyi Chen, Jinjing Hong, Xueqing Wu, Yan Jiang, Willem van Schaik, Tingting Qu, and Yunsong Yu. "Tandem amplification of the vanM gene cluster drives vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-variable enterococci." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, no. 2 (November 19, 2019): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz461.

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Abstract Background Vancomycin-variable enterococci (VVE) are a potential risk factor for vancomycin resistance gene dissemination and clinical treatment failure. vanM has emerged as a new prevalent resistance determinant among clinical enterococci in China. A total of 54 vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (VSE) isolates carrying incomplete vanM gene clusters were isolated in our previous study. Objectives To determine the potential of vanM-carrying VSE to develop vancomycin resistance and investigate the mechanism of alteration of the resistance phenotype. Methods Fifty-four vanM-positive VSE strains were induced in vitro by culturing in increasing concentrations of vancomycin. Genetic changes between three parent VVE strains and their resistant variants were analysed using Illumina and long-read sequencing technologies, quantitative PCR and Southern blot hybridization. Changes in expression level were determined by quantitative RT–PCR. Results Twenty-five of the 54 VSE strains carrying vanM became resistant upon vancomycin exposure. A significant increase in vanM copy number was observed ranging from 5.28 to 127.64 copies per cell in induced resistant VVE strains. The vanM transposon was identified as tandem repeats with IS1216E between them, and occurred in either the plasmid or the chromosome of resistant VVE cells. In addition, an increase in vanM expression was observed after resistance conversion in VVE. Conclusions This study identified tandem amplification of the vanM gene cluster as a new mechanism for vancomycin resistance in VVE strains, offering a competitive advantage for VVE under antibiotic pressure.

3

Jellesma, Gjalt. "Factfree VVE." Management Kinderopvang 22, no. 5 (September 2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41190-016-098-9.

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4

Downing, M. A., J. Xiong, A. Eshaghi, A. McGeer, S. N. Patel, and J. Johnstone. "Vancomycin-Variable Enterococcal Bacteremia." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 12 (September 30, 2015): 3951–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02046-15.

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Vancomycin-variable enterococcus (VVE) is an emerging pathogen. VVE isolates initially appear phenotypically susceptible to vancomycin but possesses thevanAgene and can developin vitroandin vivoresistance to vancomycin. We report a case of VVE bacteremia and describe how VVE poses diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas.

5

Sivertsen, Audun, Torunn Pedersen, Kjersti Wik Larssen, Kåre Bergh, Torunn Gresdal Rønning, Andreas Radtke, and Kristin Hegstad. "A SilencedvanAGene Cluster on a Transferable Plasmid Caused an Outbreak of Vancomycin-Variable Enterococci." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 7 (May 2, 2016): 4119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00286-16.

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ABSTRACTWe report an outbreak of vancomycin-variablevanA+enterococci (VVE) able to escape phenotypic detection by current guidelines and demonstrate the molecular mechanisms forin vivoswitching into vancomycin resistance and horizontal spread of thevanAcluster. Forty-eightvanA+Enterococcus faeciumisolates and oneEnterococcus faecalisisolate were analyzed for clonality with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and theirvanAgene cluster compositions were assessed by PCR and whole-genome sequencing of six isolates. The susceptible VVE strains were cultivated in brain heart infusion broth containing vancomycin at 8 μg/ml forin vitrodevelopment of resistant VVE. The transcription profiles of susceptible VVE and their resistant revertants were assessed using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Plasmid content was analyzed with S1 nuclease PFGE and hybridizations. Conjugative transfer ofvanAwas assessed by filter mating. The only genetic difference between thevanAclusters of susceptible and resistant VVE was an ISL3-family element upstream ofvanHAX, which silencedvanHAXgene transcription in susceptible VVE. Furthermore, the VVE had an insertion of IS1542betweenorf2andvanRthat attenuated the expression ofvanHAX. Growth of susceptible VVE occurred after 24 to 72 h of exposure to vancomycin due to excision of the ISL3-family element. ThevanAgene cluster was located on a transferable broad-host-range plasmid also detected in outbreak isolates with different pulsotypes, including oneE. faecalisisolate. Horizontally transferable silencedvanAable to escape detection and revert into resistance during vancomycin therapy represents a new challenge in the clinic. Genotypic testing of invasive vancomycin-susceptible enterococci byvanA-PCR is advised.

6

Velsink, Marianne. "VVE-methode cadeau." Kinderopvang 29, no. 6 (June 2019): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41189-019-0074-4.

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7

Vroom, Marike. "VVE, weg ermee?" Kinderopvang 26, no. 1-2 (February 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41189-016-0001-x.

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8

Seo, Myung-Gi, Min-Jeong Jo, Nam In Hong, Min Jung Kim, Kyu Suk Shim, Eunju Shin, Jeong Jun Lee, and Sang-Joon Park. "Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Vascular Leakage Effects by Combination of Centella asiatica and Vitis vinifera L. Leaf Extracts." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (April 14, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7381620.

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Venous insufficiency results from several factors responsible for the progression of inflammation and oxidative damage of veins. Recently, natural extracts have been proposed for the treatment of venous insufficiency, but their efficacies have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we evaluate the combinatorial effects on anti-inflammatory and anti-vascular leakage potential of mixed compositions containing different proportions of Centella asiatica extract (CE) and Vitis vinifera L. leaf extract (VVE) using an inflammation model of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW264.7 cells and various vascular permeability models in mice (acetic-acid-induced peritoneal vascular model, mustard-oil-stimulated ear vascular model, and carrageenan-induced paw edema model). Pretreatment of CE and VVE in a 1 : 3 combination dose dependently inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) through downregulation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In vascular permeability-related mouse models, pretreatment with the CE-VVE 1 : 3 combination significantly reduced the permeability of peritoneal or ear veins caused by acetic acid and mustard oil, respectively. Furthermore, pretreatment of the CE-VVE 1 : 3 combination ameliorated inflammation and edema of the hind paw caused by carrageenan injection. Thus, the combination of CE and VVE showed significant anti-inflammatory qualities and anti-vascular leakage effects. These findings indicate that an optimal combination of CE and VVE may have a more synergistic effect than that of CE or VVE alone as a putative agent against vascular incompetence.

9

Sayed, Dawlat A., Sohair R. Fahmy, Amel M. Soliman, and Nagat S. Hussein. "ANTIULCEROGENIC EFFICACY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF VITIS VINIFERA LEAVES IN RATS." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i9.12846.

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Objective: The ethanolic extract of Vitis vinifera leaves (VVE) (500 mg/kg body weight), ranitidine (50 mg/kg body weight) and both of them were tested for their gastroprotective and curative effects against the incidence of peptic ulcer. Methods: The antiulcer effects of VVE were investigated using a combination of indomethacin and cold-stress for 2h. To ascertain the mechanism of action of VVE, its protective and curative effects were studied on gastric volume, gastric juice acidity, ulcer index and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione–S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO) activities of both stomach and duodenum of rats. Moreover, histopathological effects on stomach and duodenum were determined.Results: The antioxidant activity of VVE was demonstrated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. VVE was found to reduce the ulcer index, gastric volume and the level of gastric juice acidity. Also, VVE showed gastroprotective and curative activities mainly through improvement of antioxidant status and decreasing lipid peroxidation accompanied with amelioration of both stomach and duodenum architectures.Conclusion: The prophylactic and curative effects of VVE proved to be effective in preventing gastric and duodenal ulceration which may be probably due to its antioxidant and anti-acid secretory effects.

10

Vroom, Marike. "VVE ja of nee?" Kinderopvang 29, no. 4 (April 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41189-019-0035-y.

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11

Driehuis, Betty. "Zes jaar taalscholing VVE." Management Kinderopvang 22, no. 4 (July 2016): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41190-016-078-0.

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12

Vroom, Marike. "VVE werkt wel/niet*." Management Kinderopvang 22, no. 6 (October 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41190-016-107-z.

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13

Bukman, Bert. "VVE in kleine kernen." Management Kinderopvang 26, no. 2 (March 2020): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41190-020-0262-0.

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14

Vroom, Marike. "Van VVE naar basisstelsel." Management Kinderopvang 26, no. 2 (March 2020): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41190-020-0273-x.

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15

Velsink, Marianne. "VVE in de Kinderopvang." Kinderopvang 26, no. 1-2 (February 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41189-016-0008-3.

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16

van den Berg, Femke. "Hoe kan VVE beter werken?" Kinderopvang 26, no. 5 (May 2016): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41189-016-0088-0.

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17

Mori Mojalott, Jorge P., and Jorge A. Alarcón-Novoa. "Valoración económica de la vida del trabajador minero peruano." Ambiente y Desarrollo 21, no. 40 (June 30, 2017): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.ayd21-40.vevt.

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Se calcula el valor de la vida estadística (VVE) del trabajador minero peruano, año 2012, mediante la metodología de salarios hedónicos. El presente es el primer estudio de este tipo aplicado a un mercado laboral peruano. Se ha empleado la teoría de diferencias igualadoras, y se espera que mientras más elevado sea el riesgo de muerte en ocupaciones mineras, mayor será el salario asociado. La metodología ha requerido la definición previa de una ecuación de salarios explicados por características del trabajador y el puesto de trabajo. Se ha utilizado la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares de Perú del 2012 y estadísticas de muertes por accidentes laborales (MINEM). Con esta información se determinó la forma funcional de la ecuación salarial; se estimó el índice de riesgo mortal (0.0179). Finalmente, se obtuvo un VVE de US $978 000, valor superior al VVE promedio de US $654 000, obtenido por otros estudios para el Perú. Se espera que las conclusiones sirvan como primera aproximación al cálculo del beneficio por vidas salvadas en el sector minero, asociado a iniciativas gubernamentales que regulen la seguridad en el trabajo y el impacto ambiental de la actividad minera.

18

van de Weijenberg, Astrid. "Uit VVE-onderzoek kunnen we veel leren." Management Kinderopvang 22, no. 6 (October 2016): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41190-016-109-x.

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19

Machado, Angela Aparecida, Ana Carla Coleone, Flavia Renata Abe, Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo, José Bento Pereira Lima, and Joaquim Gonçalves Machado Neto. "A eficácia do Diflubenzuron no controle de larvas de duas populações de Aedes aegypti com diferentes níveis de suscetibilidade ao Temephos, em condições de laboratório." Journal of Health & Biological Sciences 3, no. 1 (March 16, 2015): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v3i1.127.p25-29.2015.

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O Temephos, durante muito tempo, foi o único larvicida disponível para o controle do Aedes aegypti. O larvicida diflubenzuron (DFB) destaca-se como um substituto do temephos. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do DFB sobre larvas de duas populações de Aedes aegypti sendo elas de Vila Velha – ES (VVE) e Santarém – PA (STR) com distintos níveis de suscetibilidade ao temephos e investigar as potenciais anormalidades morfológicas provocadas nos indivíduos. Os bioensaios foram realizados com o larvicida DFB, com larvas das duas populações resistentes ao Temephos e com a cepa Rockeffeller, utilizada como padrão de suscetibilidade para se obterem os valores de razão de resistência. Nos bioensaios com o DFB, os números de larvas, pupas e adultos foram registrados durante dez dias. O DFB causa 95% de redução na emergência de adultos da cepa Rockefeller na concentração de 2,88 µg.L-1, de 3,11 µg.L-1 na população VVE (RR95 = 1,07) e 3,30 µg.L-1 na população STR (RR95 = 1,15), além de provocar anormalidades morfológicas nos diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. O DFB, com concentrações acima de 3,0 µg.L-1, é efetivo para a VVE e para a STR, que apresentam resistência intermediária e baixa ao Temephos, respectivamente. Nesta concentração, o DFB causa a inibição total da emergência de adultos viáveis nestas populações.

20

Velsink, Marianne. "VVE: een goede basis jij doet de rest." Kinderopvang 29, no. 4 (April 2019): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41189-019-0041-0.

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21

Vroom, Marike. "De effecten van VVE: onderzoeken op een rijtje." Management Kinderopvang 22, no. 6 (October 2016): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41190-016-110-4.

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22

Overduin, Carla. "'Hoe voldoen we aan de nieuwe VVE-eisen?'." Management Kinderopvang 24, no. 3 (May 2018): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41190-018-0062-y.

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23

SUN, YI, and JAMES D. OLIVER. "Value of Cellobiose–Polymyxin B–Colistin Agar for Isolation of Vibrio vulnificus from Oysters." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.4.439.

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Twenty-eight samples, comprising a total of 224 oysters, were examined for the presence of Vibrio vulnificus. Oyster homogenates were plated onto cellobiose—polymyxin B–colistin (CPC) agar or V. vulnificus enumeration (VVE) agar, with subsequent hybridization with a gene probe specific for this pathogen. Of over 3,500 cellobiose-positive colonies initially tested from CPC agar, 28.7% could be identified as V. vulnificus on the basis of probe hybridization. Of the 19,000 colonies developing on VVE agar, only 2.8% were identified as this species. When in subsequent CPC agar studies colony morphology as well as color was considered, 81.6% of over 1,000 colonies probed proved to be V. vulnificus. We conclude that CPC agar is highly selective for this pathogen, and may be effectively employed in monitoring studies to determine levels of this bacterium in molluscan shellfish.

24

Kohler, Philipp, Alireza Eshaghi, Hyunjin C. Kim, Agron Plevneshi, Karen Green, Barbara M. Willey, Allison McGeer, and Samir N. Patel. "Prevalence of vancomycin-variable Enterococcus faecium (VVE) among vanA-positive sterile site isolates and patient factors associated with VVE bacteremia." PLOS ONE 13, no. 3 (March 22, 2018): e0193926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193926.

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25

Overduin, Carla. "‘De VVE-programma’s hoeven echt het raam niet uit’." Management Kinderopvang 23, no. 2 (March 2017): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41190-017-0038-3.

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26

Overduin, Carla. "GGD Brabant-Zuidoost loopt vooruit op nieuwe VVE-eisen." Management Kinderopvang 24, no. 2 (March 2018): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41190-018-0037-z.

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27

Pramudyawardani, E. F., B. Suprihatno, and Made J. Mejaya. "Potensi Hasil Galur Harapan Padi Sawah Ultra Genjah dan Sangat Genjah." Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 34, no. 1 (April 27, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v34n1.2015.p1-11.

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Breeding for high yielding rice varieties with VVEM (<90 days after sowing/ das) is considered important to increase cropping indexes in the fully irrigated farm lands. This research was aimed to evaluate the yield potential of 200 promising VVE and VE maturing rice lines. A total of 200 VVE and VE maturing rice lines and five check varieties (Ciherang, Dodokan, Inpari 1, Inpari 13, Silugonggo) were evaluated in Preliminary Yield Trial (PYT) at Sukamandi Experimental Farm using augmented design, during the dry season of 2012. The 17 lines selected from PYT along with three check varieties (Silugonggo, Inpari 13, Ciherang) were further evaluated in Advanced Yield Trial (AYT) using randomized complete block design at Sukamandi, Kuningan, Magelang and Klaten, during wet season of 2012. Of the 200 lines tested in PYT, three lines yielded significantly higher than the best check variety (Inpari 1) and 2 lines did equal to Inpari 1. A total of 155 lines were VVE (<90 das), and 45 lines were VE maturing (91-104 das). Based on yield per day, 17 lines were selected to be evaluated in AYT in WS 2012. Based on combined analyses from four locations of AYT, seven lines produced grain yield/ha and grain yield/day higher than did the best check Silugonggo (5.51 t/ha and 51.7 kg/day); there were14 lines did better than Ciherang (5.07 t/ha; 41.9 kg/day), and 13 lines yielded better than did Inpari 13 (5.27 t/ha; 46.7 kg/day). The best seven lines and lines with higher productivity per day than that of the best check, with an average yield of 5.62 t/ha up to 6.12 t/ha, with days to maturity from 87 up to 94 das, were ready to be evaluated in Multi Locational Yield Trial to meet the requirement for the release of new variety.

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van Rijn, Inge. "VVE kan ook buiten Tekenen met een stok in het zand." Kinderopvang 29, no. 7-8 (July 2019): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41189-019-0080-6.

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29

Kemal, DEĞER. "Ticari Liberazizasyon vve Gelir Dağılımı: Gelikmekte Olan Ülkeler Üzerine Bir Analiz." Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 61, no. 2 (2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/sbfder_0000001347.

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30

Joo, Sungpil. "170 Vasa Vasorum Activities in Human Carotid Atherosclerosis is Associated with Plaque Development and Vulnerability." Neurosurgery 64, CN_suppl_1 (August 24, 2017): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx417.170.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been shown to be beneficial in patients with high-grade symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Subintimal and intraplaque hemorrhages are frequently seen during CEA in the absence of any visible breach in the intima, as these changes are derived from the vasa vasorum system rather than from blood in the vessel lumen. Imaging modalities to characterize unstable, vulnerable plaques are strongly needed for better risk stratification in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the activities of the carotid vasa vasorum and carotid plaque vulnerability using indocyanine green-video angiography (ICG-VA) during CEA, focusing on how the carotid artery vasa vasorum is depicted. METHODS Sixty-nine patients (mean age, 68.5 ± 2.5 years; mean degree of stenosis, 78.9 ± 3.8) who underwent CEA were enrolled prospectively from September 2013 to December 2014. ICG was injected intravenously as a bolus before and after resecting the atheroma during CEA. We also performed immunohistochemistry using CD68 (macrophage), CD117 (mast cell), CD4 (T-cell), and CD8 (T-cell) antibodies for resected plaque specimens. RESULTS >Active vasa vasorum density was observed in all patients on ICG-VA (n = 69). The vasa vasorum externa (VVE) and interna (VVI) were seen in 11 (16%) and 57 patients (82.6%), respectively. The types of VVE were strongly associated with preoperative angiographic instability (90.0%, P = 0.005) and carotid plaque vulnerability (100%, P = 0.007) macroscopically. In contrast, the types of VVI were less associated with angiographic instability (36.1%) and plaque vulnerability (49.1%, P = 0.003). CD86- and CD117-stained macrophages and mast cells were observed more frequently in unstable plaque, compared to those in stable plaque (P < 0.0001, P = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION The early appearance of VVE on ICG-VA was strongly associated with unstable carotid plaque and many microvessel channels that provided nutrients to the developing and expanding intima and potentially created an unstable hemorrhagic environment prone to rupture. Macrophages and mast cells were involved in the formation of microvessels in the atherogenic plaque and accelerated plaque progression into an unstable plaque phenotype.

31

Ryder, Edward J., and David C. Milligan. "Additional Genes Controlling Flowering Time in Lactuca sativa and L. serriola." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 130, no. 3 (May 2005): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.130.3.448.

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Six genes controlling flowering time or bolting time in Lactuca L. have been reported. Several crosses between parents differing in time to opening of first flower were made to ascertain the inheritance of additional flowering time traits in Lactuca species. The parents in the crosses were of five flowering classes: very late (VL), late (L), early (E), very early (VE), and very, very early (VVE). Segregation from a cross between C-2-1-1 (VL) (L. sativa L.) and `Vanguard 75' (L) confirmed that `Vanguard 75' flowering was controlled by the previously identified gene Ef-2ef-2. Mutant line 87-41M-7 (VVE) was crossed by D-3-22M (VE) and segregated 3VVE:1 VE, indicating a dominant allele, Ef-3, that decreased flowering time an additional 7 days. Cos-like line 796 (VE) was crossed to cultivars Salinas (VL) and Vanguard 75. Segregation indicated a gene Ef-4ef-4, with lateness dominant. PI 175735 (E) (L. serriola L.), crossed with C-2-1-1 produced an F2 population with a bimodal distribution, segregating 3 E:1 VL, indicating a single gene Ef-5ef-5. PI 236396 (E) and PI 250020 (E) were crossed to `Salinas' and `Vanguard 75'. Segregation and morphological similarity indicated the same gene in both PI lines, Ef-6ef-6, with earliness dominant.

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Abrahamovych, M. O., O. O. Abrahamovych, O. P. Fayura, and L. R. Fayura. "REDOX-HOMEOSTASIS FEATURES IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS DEPENDING ON SEVERITY OF THE INTERNAL ORGANS SYNTROPIC COMORBID LESIONS." Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal 8, no. 1 (2020): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2020;8(1):24-33.

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Relevance and purpose. Oxidative stress, as an imbalance in the anti-/prooxidants system, is a direct cause or one of the most important pathogenetic links of many diseases. Liver cirrhosis is not an exception. With its decompensation the syntropic comorbid lesions that worsen prognosis and often cause the death of patients of working age occur. However, despite the prevalence of studying the pathogenetic mechanisms of liver cirrhosis, the relationship between the content of pro- and antioxidants in the blood and the presence of comorbidities in different C. H. Child – R. N. Pugh classes is still insufficiently studied. Therefore, the aim of the study is to identify the redox homeostasis features in patients with liver cirrhosis depending on the internal organs syntropic comorbid lesions severity. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in two stages. 75 patients (23 females (30.7%), 52 males (68.3%) (mean age – 47.2 ± 10.4 years) were included in the randomized trial with the preliminary stratification by the presence of liver cirrhosis. All of them were hospitalized and treated at the Department of Internal Medicine 1 at Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University and the Gastroenterology Department of Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital – Lviv Regional Hepatology Center. All patients underwent the complex comprehensive clinical laboratory and instrumental examination of all organs and systems in accordance with the requirements of the modern medicine. To study the redox homeostasis state the contents of catalase and thiobarbituric acid products, in particular malondialdehyde, were determined. At the first stage, we determined the levels of malondialdehyde and catalase in the cirrhotic patients and syntropic comorbid lesions of the internal organs. According to the second stage we studied the dependence between the characteristic parameters of redox homeostasis changes and the severity of syntropic comorbidities in the cirrhotic patients using the correlation analysis. The actual material was handled on a personal computer in Excel 2010, Statistica 6.0, RStudio v. 1.1.442 and R Commander v.2.4-4 using descriptive statistics. The results obtained in the case of normal distribution were presented as M ± σ, where n is the number of patients examined in the group, in case of abnormal distribution – Me [25,0%; 75.0%]. The difference was considered statistically significant if p < 0.05. Results. In accordance with the first stage of the study, it was found that the malondialdehyde content was highest in patients with liver cirrhosis and varicose veins of the esophagus (VVE) of 3 degree, cirrhotic gastropathy (CGP) of 3 degree, varicose hemorrhoid veins (VHV) of 2 degree, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy of 3 degree, arterial hypotension of 2 degree, hepatopulmonary syndrome of 3 degree, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) of 3 degree, osteoporosis of 3 degree, anemia of 3 degree. The content of catalase was the lowest in patients with liver cirrhosis and with 3 degree VVE, 3 degree CGP, 3 degree VHV, 3 degree arterial hypotension, 3 degree hepatopulmonary syndrome, 3 degree HE, 2 degree osteoporosis, 2 degree anemia. In accordance with the second stage of the study it was revealed that the severity of VVE, CGP, VHV, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, hepatopulmonary syndrome of hepatic encephalopathy, osteoporosis significantly increases with malondialdehyde content increasing. In its turn the content of catalase decreases with the VVE, CGP, VHV, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, arterial hypotension, hepatopulmonary syndrome, osteoporosis severity increase. Conclusions. Patients with liver cirrhosis have some features of redox homeostasis disorders with increasing of malondialdehyde and decreased of catalase content, depending on the severity of the synthropic comorbid lesions of the internal organs, the correlation of which is most pronounced in the presence of hepatopulmonary syndrome, osteoporosis and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.

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ABBAS, R. Z., A. ABBAS, Z. IQBAL, M. A. RAZA, K. HUSSAIN, T. AHMED, and M. U. SHAFI. "In vitro anticoccidial activity of Vitis vinifera extract on oocysts of different Eimeria species of Broiler Chicken." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 71, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.25071.

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In the current experiment, the in vitro anticoccidial effect of Vitis venifera (grape seed) extract was evaluated. For this purpose, an in vitro sporulation inhbition assay was used. Collected oocysts of four Eimeria species (E. tenella, E. necatrix, E. brunetti and E. mitis) were exposed to six different concentrations (w/v) of Vitis vinifera extract (VVE) in 10% Dimethylsulphoxide solution (DMSO), while Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and Potassium dichromate solution (K2Cr2O7) served as control groups. The results of the present study revealed that V. vinifera extract showed inhibitory effect on sporulation (%) and damage (%) of Eimeria oocysts in a dose dependent manner as compared to both control groups. V. vinifera extract also damaged the morhology of oocysts in terms of shape, size and number of sporocysts.

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Shepard, Zachary, Robert Woods, and Twisha Patel. "Emergence of Vancomycin Resistance after Treatment of Enterococcus: Risk Factors for Subsequent Pathogen Resistance." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s211—s212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.754.

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Background: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is a leading cause of nosocomial infections that carries an increased risk of mortality when compared to vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus (VSE). Data on the frequency of conversion between VSE and VRE in patients are scarce. Among patients presenting with VSE infections, little is known about the subsequent risk of conversion to VRE in the initial treatment period. Methods: A descriptive analysis of VSE to VRE conversion and a retrospective case-control study were performed examining cases of VSE that had subsequent cultures positive for VRE within 90 days within a quaternary healthcare system. Cases were obtained from June 2013 through December 2018. Controls were patients who had VSE culture followed by another VSE culture and were matched by organism (E. faecalis or E. faecium), time between cultures, and initial culture site. Age, gender, healthcare, antibiotic, Clostridiodes difficile, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) exposure, and H2 blocker exposures, and prior VRE infection or colonization were abstracted from the electronic medical record. A univariate analysis with the Fisher exact test was performed with significance considered for P < .05. Results: In total, 8,913 cases of E. faecalis and 2,322 cases of E. faecium were included in the study. Of 8,913 cases of E. faecalis, 51 of 8,503 (0.6%) cultured VRE after VSE, and 47 of 403 (11.7%) cultured VSE after initial VRE. Of E. faecium, 51 of 783 (6.5%) cultured VRE after VSE, and 76 of 1,532 (5.0%) cultured VSE after initial VRE. In total, 76 cases were matched with 99 controls. Patients converting from VSE to VRE were more likely to have prior admission to an intensive care unit (P = .0207), prior positive swab or culture for VRE (P = .0114), previous C. difficile infection (P = .0155), prior vancomycin (P = .0022) and cefepime (P = .0089) exposure. Patients receiving vancomycin after initial VSE culture were more likely to have subsequent cultures positive for VRE (P = .0053). There was no difference in age (P = .966) or male sex (P = .7588). Conclusions: Conversion from VSE to VRE is common, and E. faecium is more likely to become resistant than E. faecalis. Reversion to a vancomycin-sensitive phenotype is also common, and E. faecalis is more likely to show subsequent sensitivity than E. faecium. Previous admission to an intensive care unit, prior colonization or infection with VRE, prior C. difficile infection, and exposure to vancomycin and cefepime are risk factors for emergence of VRE after treatment for vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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Prematunge, Chatura, Colin MacDougall, Jennie Johnstone, Kwaku Adomako, Freda Lam, Jennifer Robertson, and Gary Garber. "VRE and VSE Bacteremia Outcomes in the Era of Effective VRE Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 37, no. 1 (October 5, 2015): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2015.228.

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BACKGROUNDPrior data suggest that vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) bacteremia is associated with worse outcomes than vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus (VSE) bacteremia. However, many studies evaluating such outcomes were conducted prior to the availability of effective VRE therapies.OBJECTIVETo systematically review VRE and VSE bacteremia outcomes among hospital patients in the era of effective VRE therapy.METHODSElectronic databases and grey literature published between January 1997 and December 2014 were searched to identify all primary research studies comparing outcomes of VRE and VSE bacteremias among hospital patients, following the availability of effective VRE therapies. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality, while total hospital length of stay (LOS) was a secondary outcome. All meta-analyses were conducted in Review Manager 5.3 using random-effects, inverse variance modeling.RESULTSAmong all the studies reviewed, 12 cohort studies and 1 case control study met inclusion criteria. Similar study designs were combined in meta-analyses for mortality and LOS. VRE bacteremia was associated with increased mortality compared with VSE bacteremia among cohort studies (odds ratio [OR], 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38–2.35; I2=0%; n=11); the case-control study estimate was similar, but not significant (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 0.97–3.82). LOS was greater for VRE bacteremia patients than for VSE bacteremia patients (mean difference, 5.01 days; 95% CI, 0.58–9.44]; I2=0%; n=5).CONCLUSIONSDespite the availability of effective VRE therapy, VRE bacteremia remains associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality and LOS when compared to VSE bacteremia.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;37(1):26–35

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Villeneuve, P., C. Trudelle, M. Pelletier, and F. Joerin. "Débats publics et urbanité à Québec." Geographica Helvetica 64, no. 4 (December 31, 2009): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-64-244-2009.

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Abstract. La suburbanisation de Québec s’est déroulée à un rythme rapide au cours des cinquante dernières années, ce qui n’a pas manqué d’entraîner des débats de plus en plus amples sur les avantages et les inconvénients des genres de vie urbains et suburbains. Les quartiers centraux, après avoir perdu près de la moitié de leur population entre 1950 et 1990, ont connu une reprise démographique, particulièrement vive entre 1996 et 2001. Cette reprise, vue ici comme une forme de revalorisation des genres de vie urbains, semble associée assez étroitement avec la vigueur des débats publics portant sur des enjeux de développement à l’échelle des quartiers. Ce processus politique jouerait même un plus grand rôle dans cette revalorisation que les mécanismes économiques généralement associés à l’hypothèse du «rent gap». Toutefois, les effets de démocratisation locale associés à ce processus pourraient être remis en question par le régime élitiste de gouvernance par projets en train de s’implanter dans la ville.

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Sieńko, Anna, Sławomir Czaban, Dominika Ojdana, Piotr Majewski, Anna Wieczorek, Paweł Sacha, Elżbieta Anna Tryniszewska, and Piotr Wieczorek. "Comparison of antibiotic resistance and virulence in vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains." Journal of Medical Science 87, no. 4 (January 25, 2019): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.20883/jms.288.

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Aim. Today, infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) are a major problem in the healthcare system. The aim of this study was to compare the antibiotic resistance and virulence traits between vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium (VSE) and VRE clinical isolates.Material and Methods. Studies were performed on 66 E. faecium (32 VRE and 34 VSE) strains. Susceptibility testing and identification were performed, and strains were examined for ß-lactamase, hemolysin and biofilm production. Isolates were tested for the presence of 5 van genes, 8 virulence genes and 6 aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes. Obtained amplicons were subjected to electrophoretical separation and DNA sequencing.Results. Among 32 VRE isolates, 28 were found to have the VanA phenotype, and 4 the VanB. The most frequent resistance and virulence profile among VRE strains was resistance to ampicillin, imipenem, gentamicin, streptomycin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin with enterococcal surface protein (esp), endocarditis antigen (efaA), collagen adhesin (acm), and hialuronidase (hyl) genes; among VSE: resistance to ampicillin, imipenem, gentamicin, streptomycin with esp, efaA, acm, and hyl genes. Conclusions. Our findings prove that both VRE and VSE strains were well equipped with virulence and resistance genes, although VRE strains were characterized by a greater variety and a higher number of these genes. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between VSE and VRE strains (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, our results suggest that VRE strains may slowly acquire and incorporate resistance and virulence genes, due to their ability to survive in a hospital environment for a long time.

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Wendt, Constanze, Bettina Wiesenthal, Ekkehart Dietz, and Henning Rüden. "Survival of Vancomycin-Resistant and Vancomycin-Susceptible Enterococci on Dry Surfaces." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 12 (1998): 3734–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.12.3734-3736.1998.

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We compared the abilities of Enterococcus faeciumstrains (three vancomycin-resistant enterococci [VRE] and five vancomycin-susceptible enterococci [VSE]) and Enterococcus faecalis strains (one VRE and 10 VSE) to survive under dry conditions. Bacterial suspensions of the strains were inoculated onto polyvinyl chloride and stored under defined conditions for up to 16 weeks. All strains survived for at least 1 week, and two strains survived for 4 months. A statistical model was used to distribute the 19 resulting survival curves between two types of survival curves. The type of survival curve was not associated with the species (E. faecalis versus E. faecium), the source of isolation (patient versus environment), or the susceptibility to vancomycin (VRE versus VSE). Resistance to dry conditions may promote the transmissibility of a strain, but VRE have no advantages over VSE with respect to their ability to survive under dry conditions.

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Borgmann, Stefan, Beate Rieß, David Meintrup, Ingo Klare, and Guido Werner. "Long-Lasting Decrease of the Acquisition of Enterococcus faecium and Gram-Negative Bacteria Producing Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) by Transient Application of Probiotics." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 6100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176100.

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Previously it was shown that application of probiotics stopped the acquisition of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) by patients in an early rehabilitation ward. Once the application of probiotics ended, we examined whether acquisition of VRE reoccurred. Furthermore, we examined whether probiotics altered prevalence of vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium (VSE) and Gram-negative bacteria, which produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). Although probiotic application ceased in April 2018, VRE-colonized patients rarely presented on that ward until 2019. Probiotic treatment also resulted in a decreased number of patients with VSE and ESBL. While decreased incidence of VRE occurred immediately, decreased VSE and ESBL numbers occurred months later. A probiotic-mediated decrease of VSE and ESBL incidence cannot be explained when assuming bacterial transmission exclusively as a linear cause and effect event. The decrease is better understood by considering bacterial transmissions to be stochastic events, which depend on various driving forces similar to an electric current. We hypothesize that VRE, VSE and ESBL uptake by patients and by staff members mutually reinforced each other, leading staff members to form a bacterial reservoir, similar to a condenser that stores electrical energy. Probiotic treatment then inhibited regeneration of that store, resulting in a breakdown of the driving force.

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Yazgi, H., M. Ertek, S. Erol, and A. Ayyildiz. "A Comparison of High-Level Aminoglycoside Resistance in Vancomycin-Sensitive and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Species." Journal of International Medical Research 30, no. 5 (October 2002): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000203000510.

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The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was a significant difference in high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) between vancomycin-sensitive enterococci (VSE) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Vancomycin resistance was determined in 116 Enterococcus isolates using brain-heart infusion agar containing 6 μg/ml vancomycin. HLAR was determined by both standard agar screening and disk diffusion methods. Streptomycin and gentamicin were used as predictors of HLAR. Vancomycin resistance and HLAR were found in 17 (14.7%) and 41 (35.3%) of the Enterococcus strains, respectively. HLAR was found in 11 of 17 VRE and 30 of 98 VSE strains. HLAR in VRE strains was significantly higher than in VSE. More enterococcal strains were found to be resistant to both gentamicin and streptomycin (29) than to gentamicin (one) or streptomycin (11) alone. The HLAR rate in VRE was two-fold higher than in VSE. The synergistic bactericidal effect of aminoglycosides and β-lactam or glycopeptide antibiotics is lost if there is high-level resistance to aminoglycosides.

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Butler, Anne M., Margaret A. Olsen, Liana R. Merz, Rebecca M. Guth, Keith F. Woeltje, Bernard C. Camins, and Victoria J. Fraser. "Attributable Costs of Enterococcal Bloodstream Infections in a Nonsurgical Hospital Cohort." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 31, no. 1 (January 2010): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/649020.

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Background.Vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus(VRE) bloodstream infections (BSIs) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.Objective.To determine the hospital costs and length of stay attributable to VRE BSI and vancomycin-sensitiveEnterococcus(VSE) BSI and the independent effect of vancomycin resistance on hospital costs.Methods.A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 21,154 nonsurgical patients admitted to an academic medical center during the period from 2002 through 2003. Using administrative data, attributable hospital costs (adjusted for inflation to 2007 US dollars) and length of stay were estimated with multivariate generalized least-squares (GLS) models and propensity score-matched pairs.Results.The cohort included 94 patients with VRE BSI and 182 patients with VSE BSI. After adjustment for demographics, comorbidities, procedures, nonenterococcal BSI, and early mortality, the costs attributable to VRE BSI were $4,479 (95% confidence interval [CI], $3,500-$5,732) in the standard GLS model and $4,036 (95% CI, $3,170-$5,140) in the propensity score-weighted GLS model, and the costs attributable to VSE BSI were $2,250 (95% CI, $l,758-$2,880) in the standard GLS model and $2,023 (95% CI, $1,588-$2,575) in the propensity score-weighted GLS model. The median values of the difference in costs between matched pairs were $9,949 (95% CI, $1,579-$24,693) for VRE BSI and $5,282 (95% CI, $2,042-$8,043) for VSE BSI. The costs attributable to vancomycin resistance were $1,713 (95% CI, $1,338-$2,192) in the standard GLS model and $1,546 (95% CI, $1,214-$1,968) in the propensity score-weighted GLS model. Depending on the statistical method used, attributable length of stay estimates ranged from 2.2 to 3.5 days for patients with VRE BSI and from 1.1 to 2.2 days for patients with VSE BSI.Conclusions.VRE BSI and VSE BSI were independently associated with increased hospital costs and increased length of stay. Vancomycin resistance was associated with increased costs.

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Suppola, Juhana P., Elina Kolho, Saara Salmenlinna, Eveliina Tarkka, Jaana Vuopio-Varkila, and Martti Vaara. "vanA and vanB Incorporate into an Endemic Ampicillin-Resistant Vancomycin-SensitiveEnterococcus faecium Strain: Effect on Interpretation of Clonality." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 12 (1999): 3934–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.12.3934-3939.1999.

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Clonal spread and horizontal transfer in the spread of vancomycin resistance genes were investigated. Multiplex PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), hybridization of enterococcal plasmids with thevanA and vanB probes, and sequencing of a fragment of vanB were used in the analysis. Before May 1996, 12 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) isolates were found in Finland. Between May 1996 and October 1997, 156 VRE isolates were found in the Helsinki area. Between December 1997 and April 1998, fecal samples from 359 patients were cultured for VRE. One new case of colonization with VRE was found. During the outbreak period, 88% (137 of 155) of the VRE isolates belonged to two strains (VRE types I and II), as determined by PFGE. Each VRE type I isolate possessed vanB, and five isolates also hadvanA. Of the 34 VRE type II isolates, 27 possessedvanA and 7 possessed vanB. Fifteen of 21 (71%) ampicillin-resistant, vancomycin-sensitive E. faecium (VSE) isolates found during and after the outbreak period in one ward were also of type II. Two VSE type II isolates were found in the hospital before the outbreak in 1995. By PFGE, the three groups (vanA, vanB, or no van gene) of type II shared the same band differences with the main type of VRE type II with vanA. None of the differences was specific to or determinative for any of the groups. Our material suggests thatvanA and vanB incorporate into an endemic ampicillin-resistant VSE strain.

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Hayakawa, Kayoko, Dror Marchaim, Mohan Palla, Uma Mahesh Gudur, Harish Pulluru, Pradeep Bathina, Khaled Alshabani, et al. "Epidemiology of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis: a Case-Case-Control Study." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 1 (October 15, 2012): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01271-12.

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ABSTRACTAlthough much is known about vancomycin-resistant (VR)Enterococcus faecium, little is known about the epidemiology of VREnterococcus faecalis. The predilection of VRE. faecalisto transfer the vancomycin resistance determinant toStaphylococcus aureusis much greater than that of VRE. faecium. The epidemiology of VRE. faecalishas important implications regarding the emergence of vancomycin-resistantS. aureus(VRSA); 8 of 13 reported VRSA cases have been from Michigan. A retrospective case-case-control study was conducted at the Detroit Medical Center, located in southeastern Michigan. Unique patients with VRE. faecalisinfection were matched to patients with strains of vancomycin-susceptible (VS)E. faecalisand to uninfected controls at a 1:1:1 ratio. Five hundred thirty-two VRE. faecaliscases were identified and were matched to 532 VSE. faecaliscases and 532 uninfected controls. The overall mean age of the study cohort (n= 1,596) was 63.0 ± 17.4 years, and 747 (46.8%) individuals were male. Independent predictors for the isolation of VRE. faecalis(but not VSE. faecalis) compared to uninfected controls were an age of ≥65 years, nonhome residence, diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, exposure to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones in the prior 3 months, and immunosuppressive status. Invasive procedures and/or surgery, chronic skin ulcers, and indwelling devices were risk factors for both VRE. faecalisand VSE. faecalisisolation. Cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone exposures were unique, independent predictors for isolation of VRE. faecalis. A majority of case patients had VRE. faecalispresent at the time of admission. Control of VRE. faecalis, and ultimately VRSA, will likely require regional efforts focusing on infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship.

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Lawrence, Romy Carmen, Sarah L. Khan, Vishal Gupta, Brittany Scarpato, Rachel Strykowski, Julia Newman, John Mark Sloan, Robyn T. Cohen, Seyed Mehdi Nouraie, and Elizabeth S. Klings. "Patients with Sickle Cell Disease and Venous Thromboembolism Experience Increased Frequency of Vasoocclusive Events." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-122199.

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Introduction Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). By age 40, 11-12% of SCD patients have experienced a VTE. VTE confers nearly a three-fold increase in mortality risk for individuals with SCD. We hypothesized that VTE increases subsequent SCD severity which may increase acute care utilization. We investigated the association between VTE and rates of vaso-occlusive events (VOE) and acute care utilization for individuals with SCD. Methods We performed a retrospective longitudinal chart review of 239 adults with SCD who received care at our institution between 2003 and 2018. VTE was defined as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) diagnosed by Duplex ultrasound or pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosed by either ventilation-perfusion scanning or computed tomography angiography. Medical histories, laboratories and medication use for all subjects were obtained. For VTE patients, clinical data for 1- and 5- years post-VTE were obtained and compared to 1 year prior to the VTE. For non-VTE patients, data were obtained at baseline and compared to five years later. We evaluated all acute care visits for the presence of a SCD-related problem, specifically assessing if a VOE or acute chest syndrome (ACS) occurred. We calculated rates of VOE, ACS, Emergency Department (ED) visits and hospitalizations prior to and subsequent to a VTE and compared these to occurrence rates among those without VTE. Data were analyzed using Stata 14.2. Results In our cohort of 239 individuals with SCD, 153 (64%) were HbSS/HbSβ0 and 127(53%) were female. Fifty-six individuals (23%) had a history of VTE; 20 had a DVT (36%), 33 had a PE (59%), and 3 had both (5%). Patients with VTE had a higher frequency of prior history of ACS (p<0.001), stroke (p=0.013), splenectomy (p=0.033), and avascular necrosis (p<0.001) than those without a VTE. Prior to their VTE, these patients had higher white blood cell (11.8 x103 [9-15 x 103] vs 9.7 x103 [7-12 x 103], p=0.047) and platelet counts (378 x 103 [272-485 x 103] vs 322 x 103 [244-400 x 103], p=0.007) than those without a VTE. During five years of follow-up after a VTE, these patients had 6.32 (SD 14.97) ED visits per year compared to 2.84 (SD 5.93, p<0.03) ED visits per year in those without a VTE. Ninety two percent of these ED visits were SCD-related; 73% were for VOE and 4% for ACS. Additionally, SCD patients with a VTE had an increase in all-cause hospital admissions (2.84 [SD 3.26] vs 1.43 [SD 2.86], p=0.003) and SCD-related hospital admissions (2.61 [SD 3.13] vs 1.23 [SD 2.74], p=0.001) per year compared to those without VTE. Conclusion VTE is a frequent complication in patients with SCD. Our study suggests that patients who experience a VTE have greater SCD severity as evidenced by increased VOE, ED and hospital utilization. These data suggest that VTE is not merely an isolated event in SCD patients and that it may either serve as an indicator of disease severity or contribute to overall disease pathophysiology. Disclosures Sloan: Abbvie: Other: Endpoint Review Committee; Stemline: Consultancy; Merck: Other: endpoint review commitee.

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Haas, Eric J., Theoklis E. Zaoutis, Priya Prasad, Mingyao Li, and Susan E. Coffin. "Risk Factors and Outcomes for Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococcusBloodstream Infection in Children." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 31, no. 10 (October 2010): 1038–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/655464.

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Background and Objective.Enterococcal bloodstream infections (BSIs) cause morbidity and mortality in children. This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics of enterococcal BSI, to determine the risk factors for vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus(VRE) BSI, and to compare outcomes of VRE BSI and vancomycin-susceptibleEnterococcus(VSE) BSI in this population.Methods.A retrospective cohort study at a 418-bed tertiary care children's hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, examined the epidemiological characteristics of children hospitalized with enterococcal BSI during the period from 2001 through 2006. A nested case-control study compared patients with VRE BSI with control patients with VSE BSI. Analysis included regression modeling to identify independent risk factors for VRE BSI.Results.We identified 339 patients with enterococcal BSI during the study period, including 39 patients with VRE infection. Fifty-three patients (16%) died before hospital discharge. Risk factors for VRE included long-term receipt of mechanical ventilation (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.40 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.28-6.48]), receipt of immunosuppressive medications during the preceding 30 days (adjusted OR, 2.88 [95% CI, 1.40-20.78]), use of vancomycin during the 2 weeks before onset of bacteremia (adjusted OR per day of vancomycin use, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.14-1.38]), and older age (adjusted OR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.03-1.14]). VRE BSI was not associated with an increased length of stay after onset of bacteremia (0.77 days [95% CI, 0.55-1.07 days]). Mortality was higher for VRE BSI, but the difference was not statistically significant (adjusted OR, 1.94 [95% CI, 0.78-4.8]).Conclusion.Most enterococcal BSI in children was caused by VSE. Risk factors for VRE BSI included receipt of vancomycin, long-term receipt of mechanical ventilation, immunosuppression, and older age. Differences in length of stay and mortality were not detected.

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Bell, Ronald G., Pierre Beauséjour, and Joanne Haddad. "Échantillon d’instruments de mesure de la qualité de vie et de théories pour évaluer des services de psychiatrie." Santé mentale au Québec 18, no. 2 (September 11, 2007): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032273ar.

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RÉSUMÉ Un échantillon d'instruments de mesure de la qualité de vie est passé en revue pour les lecteurs qui veulent en déterminer la pertinence dans l'évaluation de services de psychiatrie. Tous les instruments sont explorés selon la manière d'y traiter amis et membres de la famille. Les instruments sont aussi évalués suivant leur position sur trois questions théoriques: l'utilisation des indicateurs objectifs et subjectifs de la qualité de vie; l'inclusion des états positifs de bien-être dans l'instrument de mesure; et le point de vue de l'instrument mesurant la qualité de vie. Chacune de ces questions est présentée. Position des auteurs: les indicateurs objectifs et subjectifs se complètent; il y a de grands avantages à mesurer les états positifs de bien-être tout comme les états négatifs; tous les points de vue sont valables, et il y a un risque à accepter un point de vue particulier, surtout d'une autre personne, comme standard de définition.

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Lin, Dongfang, Yan Guo, Yang Yang, Demei Zhu, and Fupin Hu. "576. A Multicenter Epidemiology Study on Risk Factors of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Infections in China: Results from the China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network (CHINET) in 2016." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S271—S272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.645.

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Abstract Background Bacterial resistance in China had been increasing in prevalence. Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) different from other bacteria had lower isolated rate and apparent regional variations. In this study, we identified the characteristics of VRE infections in Chinese patients based on the China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network (CHINET) in 2016. Methods This case–control study was conducted in 97 VRE patients and 95 Vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus (VSE) patients from 20 medical centers. Demographics, disease characteristics, therapeutic measure, as well as laboratory data were obtained from medical records for analysis. Descriptive statistics, simple and multivariate logistic regression were performed to explore the risk factors of VRE infection. Results The mean age of patients in the case and control groups was 75.0 years and 65.0 years, respectively. In the case group, 52 patients developed urinary tract infections, accounting for 53.6%, followed by bloodstream infections (19.6%) and abdominal infections (5.2%). And the cases of Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and other enterococci infections were 70 (72.2%), 7 (7.2%), and 20 (20.6%), respectively. Moreover, the proportion of vancomycin usage before infection was 20.6%. The result of resistance analysis showed VRE patients’ other dug resistance rate was higher than VSE ones. Compared with VSE patients, VRE patients had received more urinary intubation, indwelling venous catheter, and dialysis. Additionally, the proportions of combination with stroke (8.3% vs. 2.1%), multiple organ failure (8.3% vs. 3.2%), and other infection (59.8% vs. 40.0%) were higher in the case group. What’s more, 44 (45.4%) VRE patients had been treated in intensive care unit, while 21 (22.1%) cases in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression showed that receiving indwelling venous catheter was independent risk factor for VRE infection (OR=3.342, 95% CI: 1.379~8.099). For prognosis, VRE patients had a lower effective rate (67.4% vs. 83.7%), higher hospital expense (￥94991 vs. ￥38248), and longer hospital stay (26.0 days vs. 21.0 days). Conclusion Indwelling venous catheter may increase the VRE infection risk and Linezolid or Fosfomycin could still be used for infection treatment in VRE patients. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Ucak Ozkaya, Gulsum, Muhammed Zeki Durak, Isin Akyar, and Onur Karatuna. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test for the Determination of Resistant and Susceptible S. aureus and Enterococcus spp. Using a Multi-Channel Surface Plasmon Resonance Device." Diagnostics 9, no. 4 (November 15, 2019): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9040191.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the development of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor platform equipped with multiple channels for the simultaneous determination of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus (VSE). Drug resistance of S. aureus strains against cefoxitin and Enterococcus strains against vancomycin were investigated both using the minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC) assay and the SPR system equipped with single and multiple channels. The MIC values of MRSA and MSSA ranged from 32 µg/mL to >128 µg/mL and from 1 µg/mL to 4 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC values of VRE and VSE were between 64 to >128 µg/mL and 2–4 µg/mL, respectively. With the multiple-channel system, the angle shifts of MRSA, MSSA, VRE and VSE were found to be −0.030° and −0.260°, −0.010° and −0.090° respectively. The antibiotic-resistant and susceptible strains were distinguished within 3 h for S. aureus strains and within 6 h for Enterococcus strains.

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Alavi, Omid, Leander Van Cappellen, Ward De Ceuninck, and Michaël Daenen. "Practical Challenges of High-Power IGBT’s I-V Curve Measurement and Its Importance in Reliability Analysis." Electronics 10, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172095.

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This paper examines the practical challenges of simplified setups aimed at achieving high-power IGBTs’ IC–VCE curve. The slope of this I–V curve (which is defined as on-resistance RCE) and the point where the VCE–VGE curve visibly bends (threshold gate voltage) can be suitable failure precursor parameters to determine an IGBT’s health condition. A simplified/affordable design for these specific measurements can be used for in-situ condition monitoring or field testing of switching devices. First, the possible I–V curve measurement methods are discussed in detail in order to prevent self-heating. The selected design includes two IGBTs in which the high-side IGBT was the device under test (DUT) with a constant gate voltage (VGE) of 15 V. Then, the low-side IGBT was switched by a short pulse (50 μs) to impose a high-current pulse on the DUT. The VCE–VGE curve was also extracted as an important failure-precursor indicator. In the next stage, a power-cycling test was performed, and the impact of degradation on the IGBT was analyzed by these measurement methods. The results show that after 18,000 thermal cycles, a visible shift in I–V curve can be seen. The internal resistance increased by 13%, while the initial collector-emitter voltage and voltage at the knee point in the VCE–VGE curve slightly changed. It is likely that in our case, during the performed power-cycling test and aging process, the bond wires were most affected, but this hypothesis needs further investigation.

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Jones, Deborah A., Catherine A. Chiarelli, Barbara A. Robinson, and Karen E. MacDonald. "Eye See Eye Learn L’avantage des examens complets de la vue chez les enfants d’âge préscolaire." Canadian Journal of Optometry 74, no. 1 (December 21, 2012): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjo.74.574.

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Objectifs : Chez les enfants, les problèmes de vision non détectés peuvent entraîner une perte permanente de la vision, problème appelé amblyopie. La détection et le traitement précoces des causes de l’amblyopie peuvent éviter cette perte de vision. Cette communication vise à chercher des éléments probants démontrant que les examens complets de la vue au moment de l’entrée en prématernelle constituent un moyen efficace de repérer et de traiter rapidement les problèmes de vision. Méthodes : Nous avons étudié des publications pertinentes critiquées par des pairs portant sur l’amblyopie et sur l’importance des examens complets de la vue. Les aspects précis étudiés comprennent la prévalence et les causes de l’amblyopie, l’effet des problèmes de vision sur le développement et l’éducation de l’enfant, l’effet de l’amblyopie ou du strabisme sur la qualité de vie et la rentabilité du traitement de l’amblyopie. Nous avons évalué aussi la validité de ces tests de dépistage comparativement à l’examen complet de la vue. Résumé : L ’étude indique que sans examen complet de la vue, beaucoup de problèmes oculovisuels ne sont pas détectés à l’arrivée de l’enfant à l’école. S’ils ne sont pas corrigés, ces problèmes ont un effet négatif sur le développement, l’éducation et la qualité de vie de l’enfant. La baisse de la vue causée par l’amblyopie limite aussi les possibilités d’emploi futures et accroît le risque de déficience visuelle bilatérale chez l’adulte. Des méthodes d’examen très sensibles et spécifiques s’imposent pour repérer ces problèmes avec précision. Des études montrent que le traitement de l’amblyopie à un jeune âge constitue une des interventions les plus rentables en santé. Conclusion : Les publications contiennent de bons éléments de preuve indiquant qu’un examen complet de la vue joue un rôle crucial dans la détection de tous les cas d’amblyopie. Il est possible de détecter et de traiter l’amblyopie et d’autres problèmes de vision à un jeune âge, ce qui améliore les résultats reliés à la vue, à la qualité de vie et à l’économie. Le programme Eye See Eye Learn offre « l'étalon-or » des soins oculovisuels.

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