Готові списки джерел за темами / Water ecosystem services

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Water ecosystem services"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 19 червня 2021
Оновлено: 12 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Water ecosystem services":

1

Jakubiak, Mateusz, and Krzysztof Chmielowski. "IDENTIFICATION OF URBAN WATER BODIES ECOSYSTEM SERVICES." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Formatio Circumiectus 19, no. 3 (November 19, 2020): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/asp.fc/2020.19.3.73.

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Aim of the study: The aim of the research is an analysis of the concept of ecosystem services in context of urban water bodies. In result of the study, final ecosystem services and the goods and benefits of urban aquatic ecosystems were identified. Material and methods: The study of the development of the concept of ecosystem services was based on the literature review. Water ecosystems were analyzed in terms of their ecosystem services that can be assigned to individual classes listed in CICES V5.1. The next step of the analysis was to consider which of the identified ecosystem services of water ecosystems were also provided by urban water bodies. The results of the analysis were divided into biotic and abiotic services in three basic divisions: provisioning, regulation & maintenance, cultural services. Due to the specificity of CICES classification, examples of both, final ecosystem services and ecosystem goods and benefits, were assigned to each class code. The research was conducted in relation to Polish conditions. Results and conclusions: The 26 biotic and 12 abiotic classes of ecosystem services provided by urban water bodies were identified in the analysis. Cultural services of the urban water bodies seem to be the most important for the daily life of city residents. The demand for urban water bodies ecosystems services grows together with increasing social awareness. Social expectations should be reflected in the decisions and actions taken by urban planners and policy makers.
2

Woldeyohannes, Ashebir, Marc Cotter, Wubneshe Biru, and Girma Kelboro. "Assessing Changes in Ecosystem Service Values over 1985–2050 in Response to Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics in Abaya-Chamo Basin, Southern Ethiopia." Land 9, no. 2 (January 27, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9020037.

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This study evaluated the effect of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) dynamics on the value of ecosystem services in Abaya-Chamo basin over 1985–2050. The main objectives of the study were to estimate the value of ecosystem services of Abaya-Chamo basin using local and global ecosystem service value coefficients, assess how it changes over time, and develop tools to inform policy and public decision-making to protect lands and waters in the region. The study utilized observed (1985 and 2010) and predicted (2030 and 2050) LULC datasets and ecosystem service value coefficients obtained from publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals. The results indicated that the total ecosystem service value of Abaya-Chamo basin was 12.13 billion USD in 1985 and 12.45 billion USD in 2010. The value is predicted to increase to 12.47 billion USD by the year 2050, which is 2.84% (344.5 million USD) higher than the total value of ecosystem services of the basin in 1985. Although the total ecosystem service value of the basin showed a slight increase over the study period, it was observed that the total value of services obtained from natural ecosystems is expected to decline by 36.24% between 1985 and 2050. The losses of services obtained from natural ecosystems, such as water regulation and erosion control, are major concern as the consequence has already been reported in the basin in the form of reduced water quality and productivity of the lakes due to an increased soil erosion and sediment transport in the basin. Therefore, special attention should be given to the rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and the protection of remaining natural vegetation and water bodies to enhance natural capital and ecosystem services in the basin. A large-scale dissemination of eco-agricultural land use practices, which provide multiple ecosystem services (such as agroforestry and heterogeneous agricultural areas) in the basin, needs to be considered in the future.
3

Meng, Qingxiang, Likun Zhang, Hejie Wei, Enxiang Cai, Dong Xue, and Mengxue Liu. "Linking Ecosystem Service Supply–Demand Risks and Regional Spatial Management in the Yihe River Basin, Central China." Land 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080843.

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The continuous supply of ecosystem services is the foundation of the sustainable development of human society. The identification of the supply–demand relationships and risks of ecosystem services is of considerable importance to the management of regional ecosystems and the effective allocation of resources. This paper took the Yihe River Basin as the research area and selected water yield, carbon sequestration, food production, and soil conservation to assess changes in the supply and demand of ecosystem services and their matching status from 2000 to 2018. Risk identification and management zoning were also conducted. Results show the following: (1) The spatial distribution of the four ecosystems service supply and demand in the Yihe River Basin was mismatched. The food production supply levels in the middle and lower reaches and the upstream water yield, carbon sequestration, and soil conservation supply levels were high. However, most of the areas with high demand for ecosystem services were concentrated downstream. (2) From 2000 to 2018, the supply of water yield and carbon sequestration in the Yihe River Basin decreased, while that of food production and soil conservation increased. The demand for the four ecosystem services also increased. (3) Water yield faced considerable supply–demand risks. Fifty percent of the sub-basins were at a high-risk level, and the risk areas were concentrated in the middle and lower reaches. The three remaining services were mainly at low-risk levels. The Yihe River Basin was divided into eight types of supply–demand risk spatial management zones based on the ecosystem service supply and demand levels, which will help promote refined regional ecosystem management and sustainable development. The supply and demand assessment of ecosystem services from a risk perspective can integrate the information of natural ecosystems and socio-economic systems and provide scientific support for watershed spatial management.
4

Boulton, Andrew J., Graham D. Fenwick, Peter J. Hancock, and Mark S. Harvey. "Biodiversity, functional roles and ecosystem services of groundwater invertebrates." Invertebrate Systematics 22, no. 2 (2008): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is07024.

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Recent surveys of groundwater invertebrates (stygofauna) worldwide are yielding rich troves of biodiversity, with significant implications for invertebrate systematists and phylogeneticists as well as ecologists and groundwater managers. What is the ecological significance of this high biodiversity of invertebrates in some aquifers? How might it influence groundwater ecosystem services such as water purification or bioremediation? In terrestrial ecosystems, biodiversity is typically positively correlated with rates of ecosystem functions beneficial to humans (e.g. crop pollination). However, the links between biodiversity, ecosystem function, and ecosystem services in groundwater are unknown. In some aquifers, feeding, movement and excretion by diverse assemblages of stygofauna potentially enhance groundwater ecosystem services such as water purification, bioremediation and water infiltration. Further, as specific taxa apparently play ‘keystone’ roles in facilitating ecosystem services, declines in abundance or even their extinction have serious repercussions. One way to assess the functional significance of biodiversity is to identify ‘ecosystem service providers’, characterise their functional relationships, determine how service provision is affected by community structure and environmental variables, and measure the spatio-temporal scales over which these operate. Examples from Australian and New Zealand alluvial aquifers reveal knowledge gaps in understanding the functional importance of most stygofauna, hampering effective protection of currently undervalued groundwater ecosystem services.
5

Korsgaard, Louise, and Jesper S. Schou. "Economic valuation of aquatic ecosystem services in developing countries." Water Policy 12, no. 1 (November 1, 2009): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.124.

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An important challenge of integrated water resources management (IWRM) is to balance water allocation between different users. While economically and/or politically powerful users have well developed methods for quantifying and justifying their water needs, this is not the case for ecosystems—the silent water user. A promising way of placing aquatic ecosystems on the water agenda is by economic valuation of services sustained by ecosystems. In developing countries, the livelihoods of rural people often depend directly on the provision of aquatic ecosystem services. In such situations, economic valuation of ecosystem services becomes particularly challenging. This paper reviews recent literature on economic valuation of aquatic ecosystem services in developing countries. “Market price” is the most widespread method used for valuating marketed ecosystem services in developing countries. “Cost based” and “revealed preference” methods are frequently used when ecosystem services are non-marketed. A review of 27 existing valuation studies reveals a considerable range of estimated total economic value of aquatic ecosystem services in developing countries, that is from US$30 to 3,000/ha/year. The paper concludes that economic valuation is vital for bringing ecosystems to decision-making agendas in developing countries and that great effort must be made to bridge the gap between scientists and decision makers.
6

Duku, C., H. Rathjens, S. J. Zwart, and L. Hein. "Towards ecosystem accounting: a comprehensive approach to modelling multiple hydrological ecosystem services." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 3 (March 30, 2015): 3477–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-3477-2015.

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Abstract. Ecosystem accounting is an emerging field that aims to provide a consistent approach to analysing environment-economy interactions. In spite of the progress made in mapping and quantifying hydrological ecosystem services, several key issues must be addressed if ecohydrological modelling approaches are to be aligned with ecosystem accounting. They include modelling hydrological ecosystem services with adequate spatiotemporal detail and accuracy at aggregated scales to support ecosystem accounting, distinguishing between service capacity and service flow, and linking ecohydrological processes to the supply of dependent hydrological ecosystem services. We present a spatially explicit approach, which is consistent with ecosystem accounting, for mapping and quantifying service capacity and service flow of multiple hydrological ecosystem services. A grid-based setup of a modified Soil Water and Assessment Tool (SWAT), SWAT Landscape, is first used to simulate the watershed ecohydrology. Model outputs are then post-processed to map and quantify hydrological ecosystem services and to set up biophysical ecosystem accounts. Trend analysis statistical tests are conducted on service capacity accounts to track changes in the potential to provide service flows. Ecohydrological modelling to support ecosystem accounting requires appropriate decisions regarding model process inclusion, physical and mathematical representation, spatial heterogeneity, temporal resolution, and model accuracy. We demonstrate this approach in the Upper Ouémé watershed in Benin. Our analyses show that integrating hydrological ecosystem services in an ecosystem accounting framework provides relevant information on ecosystems and hydrological ecosystem services at appropriate scales suitable for decision-making. Our analyses further identify priority areas important for maintaining hydrological ecosystem services as well as trends in hydrological ecosystem services supply over time.
7

Zhao, Qingjian, and Qiuyan Wang. "Water Ecosystem Service Quality Evaluation and Value Assessment of Taihu Lake in China." Water 13, no. 5 (February 27, 2021): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050618.

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Taihu Lake is the third largest freshwater lake in China. Water ecosystems play an important role in the survival and development of human society. The evaluation of water ecosystem services is helpful to understand and grasp the changing rules of Taihu Lake’s ecosystem services value in recent years. First, we used the Water Environment Qualities Index (WQI) to evaluate the water ecological quality of Taihu Lake; second, on the basis of the survey data from 2010 to 2018, we combined economic and ecological methods to evaluate the water ecosystem of Taihu Lake. The evaluation system includes four major service functions, 11 second-class evaluation indicators and 19 index factor. Research indicates that, (1) in the past 8 years, the WQI of Taihu Lake increased year by year and Taihu Lake changed from moderate pollution to light pollution; (2) provisioning services are the main service of Taihu Lake’s water ecosystem and the order of various service values was provisioning service value > regulation service value > cultural service value > support service value, with water supply as the core function of provisioning services; and (3) the total values in 2010, 2014, and 2018 were 115.39 billion yuan, 113.31 billion yuan, and 119.96 billion yuan, respectively, showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. To a certain extent, the improvement in Taihu Lake’s water ecological quality has led to an increase in the value of regulation services.
8

Duku, C., H. Rathjens, S. J. Zwart, and L. Hein. "Towards ecosystem accounting: a comprehensive approach to modelling multiple hydrological ecosystem services." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 10 (October 30, 2015): 4377–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4377-2015.

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Abstract. Ecosystem accounting is an emerging field that aims to provide a consistent approach to analysing environment–economy interactions. One of the specific features of ecosystem accounting is the distinction between the capacity and the flow of ecosystem services. Ecohydrological modelling to support ecosystem accounting requires considering among others physical and mathematical representation of ecohydrological processes, spatial heterogeneity of the ecosystem, temporal resolution, and required model accuracy. This study examines how a spatially explicit ecohydrological model can be used to analyse multiple hydrological ecosystem services in line with the ecosystem accounting framework. We use the Upper Ouémé watershed in Benin as a test case to demonstrate our approach. The Soil Water and Assessment Tool (SWAT), which has been configured with a grid-based landscape discretization and further enhanced to simulate water flow across the discretized landscape units, is used to simulate the ecohydrology of the Upper Ouémé watershed. Indicators consistent with the ecosystem accounting framework are used to map and quantify the capacities and the flows of multiple hydrological ecosystem services based on the model outputs. Biophysical ecosystem accounts are subsequently set up based on the spatial estimates of hydrological ecosystem services. In addition, we conduct trend analysis statistical tests on biophysical ecosystem accounts to identify trends in changes in the capacity of the watershed ecosystems to provide service flows. We show that the integration of hydrological ecosystem services into an ecosystem accounting framework provides relevant information on ecosystems and hydrological ecosystem services at appropriate scales suitable for decision-making.
9

Chen, Junyu, Tao Cui, Huimin Wang, Gang Liu, Mat Gilfedder, and Yang Bai. "Spatio-temporal evolution of water-related ecosystem services: Taihu Basin, China." PeerJ 6 (June 22, 2018): e5041. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5041.

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Water-related ecosystem services (WESs) arise from the interaction between water ecosystems and their surrounding terrestrial ecosystems. They are critical for human well-being as well as for the whole ecological circle. An urgent service-oriented reform for the utilization and supervision of WESs can assist in avoiding ecological risks and achieving a more sustainable development in the Taihu Basin, China (THB). Spatially distributed models allow the multiple impacts of land use/land cover conversion and climate variation on WESs to be estimated and visualized efficiently, and such models can form a useful component in the toolbox for integrated water ecosystem management. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs model is used here to evaluate and visualize the spatio-temporal evolution of WESs in the THB from 2000 to 2010. Results indicate that water retention service experienced a decline from 2000 to 2005 with a recovery after 2005, while there was ongoing water scarcity in urban areas. Both the water purification service and the soil retention service underwent a slight decrease over the study period. Nutrients export mainly came from developed land and cultivated land, with the hilly areas in the south of the THB forming the primary area for soil loss. The quantity and distribution of WESs were impacted significantly by the shrinkage of cultivated land and the expansion of developed land. These findings will lay a foundation for a service-oriented management of WESs in the THB and support evidence-based decision making.
10

Rendon, Paula, Bastian Steinhoff-Knopp, Philipp Saggau, and Benjamin Burkhard. "Assessment of the relationships between agroecosystem condition and the ecosystem service soil erosion regulation in Northern Germany." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): e0234288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234288.

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Ecosystems provide multiple services that are necessary to maintain human life. Agroecosystems are very productive suppliers of biomass-related provisioning ecosystem services, e.g. food, fibre, and energy. At the same time, they are highly dependent on good ecosystem condition and regulating ecosystem services such as soil fertility, water supply or soil erosion regulation. Assessments of this interplay of ecosystem condition and services are needed to understand the relationships in highly managed systems. Therefore, the aim of this study is twofold: First, to test the concept and indicators proposed by the European Union Working Group on Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) for assessing agroecosystem condition at a regional level. Second, to identify the relationships between ecosystem condition and the delivery of ecosystem services. For this purpose, we applied an operational framework for integrated mapping and assessment of ecosystems and their services. We used the proposed indicators to assess the condition of agroecosystems in Northern Germany and regulating ecosystem service control of erosion rates. We used existing data from official databases to calculate the different indicators and created maps of environmental pressures, ecosystem condition and ecosystem service indicators for the Federal State of Lower Saxony. Furthermore, we identified areas within the state where pressures are high, conditions are unfavourable, and more sustainable management practices are needed. Despite the limitations of the indicators and data availability, our results show positive, negative, and no significant correlations between the different pressures and condition indicators, and the control of erosion rates. The idea behind the MAES framework is to indicate the general condition of an ecosystem. However, we observed that not all proposed indicators can explain to what extent ecosystems can provide specific ecosystem services. Further research on other ecosystem services provided by agroecosystems would help to identify synergies and trade-offs. Moreover, the definition of a reference condition, although complicated for anthropogenically highly modified agroecosystems, would provide a benchmark to compare information on the condition of the ecosystems, leading to better land use policy and management decisions.
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Статті в журналах Дисертації Книги

Дисертації з теми "Water ecosystem services":

1

Kataria, Mitesh. "Environmental valuation, ecosystem services and aquatic species /." Uppsala : Dept. of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200765.pdf.

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2

Falk, Helena. "Accessibility of Water Related, Cultural Ecosystem Services in Stockholm County." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190700.

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The concept of ecosystem services is getting more used in planning. One important type of cultural ecosystem services is recreation, which has to be consumed where it is provided in contrast to services that can be transported to the beneficiaries. This creates a demand for users to move to the site of the service, making accessibility an important characteristic of the service. In a sustainable region the access to different services, including recreation, has to be considered in planning. With general transit feed specification data available, storing spatial information and time tables for public transport, the possibility to create time table dependent travel time models emerge. This study utilizes a prototype tool for a geographic information system software to create a network model using time tables to calculate travel times between different origins and water related, cultural ecosystem services via the public transport network in Stockholm County, Sweden. This allows for mapping of spatial variation of access within a region, and by combining this with current census data and population forecasts potential visitors to different recreational sites now and in the future can be estimated. By consulting regional planners in the design of the study the results were made useful for the study area Stockholm County as planning support system.
3

Lin, Hebin. "Integrated Water Governance: Payments for Ecosystem Services at the Watershed Scale." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/175212.

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4

Brill, Gregg. "Testing the water: How communities value, use, impact and manage water-related ecosystem services originating in an urban protected area." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27447.

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Freshwater ecosystems and their associated landscape features found in developing cities and urban protected areas are essential components of urban social-ecological systems providing city residents with cultural, provisioning and regulating services, all of which hold value. Understanding these values requires overcoming conceptual and methodological challenges so that the multi-dimensional nature, relating to the varying values, benefits, and trade-offs are understood. Understanding values, benefits and trade-offs is essential for ensuring informed and effective management of these services and the landscapes that provide them. This requires the development of tools and methods to predict how changes in land-use and management practices might affect the provision of such services. This study contributes to both the methodological and empirical literature by developing integrated and multidisciplinary approaches to assessing the beneficiaries of freshwater ecosystem services in an urban context and recognising the ecological, social and economic values assigned to ecosystem services over multiple spatial and temporal scales. The aim of this thesis was to assess how beneficiaries, stakeholders and managers within a developing city context, recognise, value and manage the multiple diverse ecosystems services associated with freshwater ecosystems as provided by different landscape features originating in an urban protected area. This aim was achieved by establishing who the beneficiaries of freshwater ecosystem services are, uncovering the spatial and temporal relationships these beneficiaries have with landscape features, determining the nature of ecosystem service values, benefits, impacts and trade-offs as experienced by the different users, as well as analysing the management policies and practices associated with urban ES. Drawing on accumulated as well as existing data sets, newly developed methods and approaches were implemented in this study. This work was primarily undertaken in Table Mountain National Park and in Cape Town, South Africa. A comparative analysis of the perceptions of park managers toward ecosystem service governance and management was undertaken in Table Mountain National Park and in Tijuca National Park, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Natural freshwater ecosystems (e.g. rivers), particularly when combined with built infrastructure (e.g. dams), provide highly valued features in landscapes, delivering multiple cultural services to city residents. Recreation, aesthetic and existence services were valued highest by respondents. People who live closer to the park use, and benefit from, the park's freshwater ecosystems more frequently than those living further away. Park visitors want ease of access in terms of distance to specific freshwater ecosystems, and then once there they want a diversity of activity options, such as recreation opportunities as well as places to reflect and meditate. The outcomes of the cultural-service study in this thesis have important management implications where insights gained can guide management to ensure equitable and sustainable ecosystem service provision to all city residents. To enhance the management of ecosystem services in urban protected areas, it is important to understand the level of inclusion of the ecosystem-service concept in park policy and daily practice. Although management perceptions correspond well with park policy, the concept of ecosystem services is still narrowly developed and needs to be better integrated into the management structures and activities of Table Mountain National Park and Tijuca National Park. Outcomes from this study show that management attention relating to fresh water is still primarily focussed on biodiversity conservation and maintaining system processes and functions. Implementing and enacting the ecosystem services concept largely still needs to happen within parks and urban interfaces. The lack of communication between managers and stakeholders of protected areas makes identifying the beneficiaries of fresh water and valuing ecosystem services difficult, especially when water and associated services flow outside of the park boundaries. An important component of this study was to determine the changes to ecosystem service provision as fresh water flows from a protected area into and across an urban landscape. A scoring system was developed to determine whether changes in land use along three case-study rivers in Cape Town, all of which originate in Table Mountain National Park, positively or negatively impact the provision of water-related ecosystem services. Changes in service provision, over time, were compared to changes in long-term water quality data to verify results from the scoring system. Generally, service levels increased over time along the upper river reaches, whereas the middle and lower reaches of the rivers showed overall declines. The changes to service provision influence the value that urban residents assign to rivers. Findings in this study suggest that the provision of cultural ecosystem services as well as the protection of biological diversity were the key factors considered by those living along the case study rivers as reasons for being willing to pay to protect rivers. Provisioning services were shown to be of less value, as were the economic contribution to property values based on river frontage. This study supports the call for more innovative research to be undertaken in developing countries to break new ground and provide more comprehensive analyses to further our understanding of the values of urban ES. The challenge for environmental researchers in this context is to intensify efforts to understand the relationships between specific landscape elements and freshwater ecosystems and human perceptions, feelings and interpretations, and to express these relationships in ways that are useful for environmental policy and management.
5

Momblanch, Benavent Andrea. "Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Water Accounting Methodologies for Integrated Water Resources Management in water scarce basins." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/75523.

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Анотація:
Even though practical water resources planning and management has evolved greatly, there is still a mismatch between it and Integrated Water Resources Management. In light of the European Water Framework Directive and other European Policies related to water and sustainability, the Ecosystem Services assessment and Water Accounting methodologies have been identified as tools that can help approaching Integrated Water Resources Management. However, the existing methodologies are disconnected from the real requirements of water resources planning and management in complex river basins such as the ones suffering from water scarcity. The Water Accounting frameworks adopt a financial accounting perspective that is too exhaustive for the purpose of transmitting the relevant water stocks and flows for water managers and users in a river basin, and that entail less accuracy in the global water balance. Also, the analysed Ecosystem Assessment Tools overlook the influence of water management as well as the temporal and spatial variability of water resources and demands. This Thesis proposes methodologies for Water Accounting and Ecosystem Services Assessment which overcome the identified limitations and are especially adapted to be implemented in water scarce river basins. The Australian Water Accounting Standards are simplified to avoid exhaustive accounting for the sake of accuracy and transparency of water management information. An improved version is fully designed, and some criteria are proposed to guide its implementation at river basin scale with the purpose of improving public information and governance. A set of Integrated Water Resources Management Tools embedded in the Decision Support System AQUATOOL is tailored with economic information in order to obtain the benefits of three Freshwater Ecosystem Services considering the influence of water management with a detailed time step. The application of the resulting methodologies to different cases of study show the relevance of adopting a water management perspective in order to capture all the complexity of water scarce river basins in the results, so that they are useful for informed decision making. The Water Accounting results disclose synthesised and relevant information for water users and other stakeholders about the state of water resources and their allocation and supply during the analysed period. The Freshwater Ecosystem Services assessment results reveal helpful to classify water bodies or watersheds according to their capacity to provide environmental benefits, and to analyse the tradeoffs between the traditional water demands and the Ecosystem Services beneficiaries. Finally, the methodologies are put into context inside the Integrated Water Resources Management process that covers the target variables to consider, the tools that allow analysing the influence of management actions on them, the indicators that are more informative to water managers, and the ways to transmit the information to the general public. Furthermore, the types of analyses which can be conducted with the proposed methodologies are detailed, and illustrated with examples in scientific literature. The presented research is based on published work, which is expanded or detailed, and includes other non published material. The result is a Thesis that provides improved results and conclusions with respect to the stand-alone papers.
A pesar de que la planificación y gestión de los recursos hídricos ha evolucionado enormemente, existe todavía discordancia entre la misma y la Gestión Integrada de Recursos Hídricos. A la luz de la Directiva Europea Marco del Agua y otras Políticas Europeas relacionadas con el agua y la sostenibilidad, la Contabilidad del Agua y la evaluación de los Servicios de los Ecosistemas se han identificado como herramientas que pueden ayudar a aproximarse a la Gestión Integrada de Recursos Hídricos. Sin embargo, las metodologías existentes actualmente están desconectadas de los requisitos reales de la planificación y gestión de los recursos hídricos en cuencas hidrográficas complejas como las que sufren de escasez hídrica. Los marcos de Contabilidad del Agua adoptan una perspectiva de contabilidad financiera que es demasiado exhaustiva para el propósito de transmitir información relevante sobre las reservas y flujos a los gestores y usuarios del agua en una cuenca, y conllevan menos precisión en el balance global de agua. Además, las herramientas analizadas para la evaluación de los Servicios de los Ecosistemas pasan por alto la influencia de la gestión del agua así como la variabilidad temporal y espacial de los recursos hídricos y las demandas. Esta Tesis propone metodologías para la Contabilidad del Agua y la Evaluación de los Servicios de los Ecosistemas que superan estas limitaciones y que están especialmente adaptadas para su implementación en cuencas con escasez de agua. Los Estándares Australianos de Contabilidad del Agua se simplifican para evitar la contabilidad exhaustiva a favor de la precisión y la transparencia en la información sobre la gestión del agua. Se diseña una versión mejorada y se proponen algunos criterios para guiar su implementación a escala de cuenca con el propósito de mejorar la información pública y la gobernanza. Un conjunto de herramientas para la Gestión Integrada de Recursos Hídricos que forman parte del Sistema Soporte a la Decisión AQUATOOL se une con información económica para obtener los beneficios generados por tres Servicios de los Ecosistemas de Agua Dulce considerando la influencia de la gestión del agua a una escala temporal detallada. La aplicación de las metodologías resultantes a distintos casos de estudio muestra la relevancia de adoptar una perspectiva de gestión del agua para capturar en los resultados la complejidad de las cuencas con escasez de agua, de modo que sean útiles para la toma de decisiones informadas. Los resultados de Contabilidad del Agua muestran información sintética y relevante para los usuarios del agua y otros actores interesados sobre el estado de los recursos hídricos, y su asignación y suministro durante el periodo analizado. Los resultados de la evaluación de los Servicios de los Ecosistemas de Agua Dulce se revelan útiles para clasificar las masas de agua o subcuencas de acuerdo con su capacidad para proporcionar beneficios ambientales y para analizar el equilibrio entre las demandas de agua tradicionales y los beneficiarios de los Servicios de los Ecosistemas. Finalmente, las metodologías se ponen en contexto dentro del proceso de Gestión Integrada de Recursos Hídricos que abarca las variables objetivo a considerar, las herramientas que permiten analizar la influencia de las acciones de gestión sobre ellas, los indicadores más informativos para los gestores del agua, y los modos de transmitir la información al público en general. Además, se detallan e ilustran con ejemplos en la literatura científica los tipos de análisis que pueden llevarse a cabo mediante las metodologías propuestas. La investigación que se presenta está basada en trabajos publicados, que se expanden o detallan, e incluye material no publicado. El resultado es una Tesis que proporciona resultados y conclusiones mejorados respecto a los artículos independientes.
A pesar que la planificació i la gestió dels recursos hídrics ha evolucionat enormement, existeix encara discordancia entre aquesta i la Gestió Integrada de Recursos Hídrics. A la llum de la Directiva Europea Marc de l'Aigua i altres Polítiques Europees relacionades amb l'aigua i la sostenibilidad, la Comptabilitat de l'Aigua i l'avaluació dels Serveis dels Ecosistemes s'han identificat com a ferramentes que poden ajudar a aproximar-se a la Gestió Integrada de Recusos Hídrics. No obstant això, les metodologies existents actualment estan desconnectades dels requeriments reals de la planificació i gestió dels recursos hídricos en conques hidrogràfiques complexes com les que pateixen d'escassesa hídrica. Els marcs de Comptabilitat de l'Aigua adopten una perspectiva de Comptabilitat financera que és massa exhaustiva per al propòsit de transmetre informacó relevant sobre les reserves i fluxes als gestors i usuaris de l'aigua en una conca, i comporten menys precisió al balanç global de l'aigua. A més, les ferramentes analitzades per a l'avaluació dels Serveis dels Ecosistemes passen per alt la influència de la gestió de l'aigua així com la variabilitat temporal i espacial dels recursos hídrics i les demandes. Aquesta Tesi proposa metodologies per a la Comptabilitat de l'Aigua i l'Avaluació dels Serveis dels Ecosistemes que superen aquestes limitacions i que estan especialment adaptades per a la seua implementació en conques amb escassesa d'aigua. Els Estàndards Australians de Comptabilitat de l'Aigua es simplifiquen per evitar la comptabilitat exhaustiva a favor de la precisió i la transparència en la informació sobre la gestió de l'aigua. Es dissenya una versió millorada i es proposen alguns criteris per guiar la seua implementació a escala de conca amb el propòsit de millorar la informació pública i la governança. Un conjunt de ferramentes per a la Gestió Integrada de Recursos Hídrics que formen part del Sistema Suport a la Decisió AQUATOOL s'uneix amb informació econòmica per obtindre els beneficis generats per tres Serveis dels Ecosistemes d'Aigua Dolça considerant la influència de la gestió de l'aigua a una escala temporal detallada. L'aplicació de les metodologies resultants als distints casos d'estudi mostren la rellevància d'adoptar una perspectiva de gestió de l'aigua per capturar als resultats la complexitat de les conques amb escassesa d'aigua, de manera que siguen útils per a la presa de decisions informades. Els resultats de la Comptabilitat de l'Aigua mostren informació sintètica i rellevant per als usuaris i altres actors interessats sobre l'estat dels recursos hídric, i la seua assignació i subministrament al llarg del període analitzat. Els resultats de l'avaluació dels Serveis dels Ecosistemes d'Aigua Dolça es revelen útils per classificar les masses d'aigua o subconques d'acord amb la seua capacitat per proporcionar beneficis ambientals i per analitzar l'equilibri entre les demandes d'aigua tradicionals i els beneficiaris dels Serveis dels Ecosistemes. Finalment, les metodologies es posen en context dins del procés de Gestió Integrada de Recursos Hídrics que abarca les variables objectiu a considerar, les ferramentes que permeten analitzar la influència de les accions de gestió sobre elles, els indicadors més informatius per als gestors de l'aigua, i les maneres de transmetre la informació al públic en general. A més, es detallen i il¿lustren amb exemples en la literatura científica els tipus d'anàlisis que es poden portar a terme mitjançant les metodologies propostes. La investigació que es presenta està basada en treballs publicats, que s'expandeixen o detallen, i inclou material no publicat. El resultat és una Tesis que proporciona resultats i conclusions millorades respecte als articles independents.
Momblanch Benavent, A. (2016). Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Water Accounting Methodologies for Integrated Water Resources Management in water scarce basins [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/75523
TESIS
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Lin, Meimei. "Ecosystem services in a rural landscape of southwest Ohio." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1354895156.

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Ekelund, My. "Ekosystemtjänsternas årstidsvariation och potentiella säsongsutveckling – en del av Swecos vit-, grön- och blåstrukturplan för Gällivare kommun." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267466.

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The term Ecosystem Services describes all the direct and indirect contributions ecosystems have on human welfare. Fresh water, clean air, genetic diversity, recreation and inspiration are some examples of ecosystem services we get from nature but often take for granted. The human way of living affects our ecosystem and by transforming natural surfaces to unnatural surfaces important ecosystem and their services might be lost or hard to reconstruct. There is a growing support from the community that the value of ecosystem services should be integrated into decision-making in our society.   Gällivare municipality plans for a big infrastructure investment. By knowing which ecosystem services that are important for people living in the city of Gällivare, the municipality can take the ecosystem services into consideration and optimize and reach multifunctionality in natural surfaces providing important ecosystem services. As a part of Gällivare municipality’s work to integrate ecosystem services in their infrastructure investment, this thesis studies ecosystem services during different seasons in the city of Gällivare. This master thesis examines ecosystem services in four different places in Gällivare. An assessment of important ecosystem services in every place was done based on information during a workshop with Gällivare municipality. Eleven or twelve ecosystem services in every place were considered especially important for the municipality. The prioritized ecosystem services were the cultural and the regulating services. How people in the locality experience the cultural services, recreation, mental & physical health; aesthetic appreciation, inspiration & education; tourism and spiritual experience & "sense of place" and what they think of the services' potential development in the future were further studied with a questionnaire and interviews. The regulating ecosystem service local climate regulation was further studied by calculations of the ability of vegetation and water to affect the local temperature. The ability of ecosystems to clean storm water and regulate water flows was studied by inspecting flood maps for the city of Gällivare and standard levels of pollutions in storm water from different land uses.  Early in the study it was found that, during the winter season, existing ecosystem services are mostly cultural services since the ecosystem is in rest during winter and thereby can't deliver the same diversity of services as in summer. During summer season, results showed that vegetation could affect local climate by stabilizing the temperature. The vegetation also delays water flows, which is important during spring when there is a large amount of melt water and during heavy raining. The amount of pollutions in surface water is also reduced by vegetation.
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Kwizera, Prudence. "Understanding of the value of the Ecosystem services for more sustainable water strategy : A case study of Water quality of the Lake Vänern in Kristinehamn Municipality." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-75036.

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Natural resources management is one of the world‟s greatest concerns. It is a difficult task due to its complex nature. Natural resources are limited and scarce. Unfortunately and worst of all, they are under pressure, and stress due to unprecedented increase in their demand and inefficient use. But it is still possible to tackle this complex problem. This study focuses on understanding the value of the ecosystem services that human well-being depend on, as for more sustainable environment strategy on aquatic ecosystems management, such as lakes and rivers. Changing behavior and attitude can be a crucial complement and likely can stimulate our conscious effort towards saving our ecosystems beyond money contribution. This way of thinking seems to be overlooked and most people think that the development of technology and advancement in knowledge alone can provide solution. One way to overcome the problem of pressure and stressing of the environment is to develop adequate strategy and environmental policy. This policy should include economics measures where, when necessary and feasible. Since there are "no one solution and no one answer" to achieve the desired outcome of a sustainable future, it becomes necessary to adopt a multidisciplinary approach to environmental management and the understanding of the value and dynamism change of the ecosystem services. Adoption of efficient management is not enough; we have to adjust our attitude as well. To discuss this issue, the aquatic ecosystem, which the lake Vänern in Kristinehamn Municipality served as a case study.
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Bangash, Rubab Fatima. "Analysis of climate change impact on hydrological ecosystem services and water allocation in water scarce mediterranean river basins." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145256.

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The Mediterranean region appears to be particularly responsive to global and climate change, causing decrease in annual river flows and making the region most prone to an increase in drought hazard and water stress. This thesis is an approach to quantify and analyse the water quantity, hydrological ecosystem services and water supply in temperate regions under environmental changes. Hydrological flow and hydrological ecosystem services (water provisioning) models are developed for a low flow Mediterranean river (Francolí river) basin using MIKE BASIN and InVEST respectively. Changes in the delivery of regulating (erosion control) services are also assessed in the heavily humanized Llobregat River basin (NE Spain) considering drivers of climate change (temperature and precipitation). Moreover, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is adapted to solve the multi-criteria decision-making problem of alternate water supply for different sectors in Francolí river basin. Climate change have already affected some elements of hydrological ecosystem services and that some are vulnerable in the Mediterranean river basins. Together these effects determine the need of a correct approach for water allocation system and the appropriate alternate water resources at a catchment level due to water scarcity.
Parece ser que la región mediterránea esuna zona particularmente vulnerable al cambio global y climático. Este hecho provoca un descenso en el caudal anual de los ríos y que la zona sea más propensa a un aumento de las sequías y el estrés hídrico. Esta tesis es una aproximación a la cuantificación y el análisis de la cantidad de aguay de los servicios ecosistémicos hidrológicos en regiones templadas bajo cambios ambientales.Se desarrollaron los modelos de caudal hidrológico y servicios ecosistémicos hidrológicos (aprovisionamiento de agua) para una cuenca de río mediterráneo de bajo caudal (río Francolí) utilizando MIKE BASIN e InVEST respectivamente. También se evaluaron los cambios en el subministro del serviciode regulación (control de la erosión) en la cuenca del río Llobregat (NE de España), la cual está fuertemente humanizada, considerando los impactos del cambio climático (temperatura y precipitación). Además, se adaptó el Proceso Jerárquico Analítco (PJA) para solucionar el problema de la alternativa de disponibilidad de agua para diferentes sectores en la cuenca del río Francolí según múltiples criterios de decisión. El cambio climático ya ha causado impactosen algunos elementos de los servicios ecosistémicos hidrológicos que son vulnerables en las cuencas de ríos mediterráneos. Todos estosimpactos determinan que, debido a la escasez de agua, sea necesario un enfoque correcto para el sistema de asignación de agua y los recursos hídricos alternativos apropiados a nivel de cuenca.
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Wesely, Julia. "Policy Outcomes on Water-Related Ecosystem Services in an Agricultural Landscape in South Africa." Thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-41217.

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Water governance in South Africa is challenged by natural as well as socially constructed water scarcity. 15 years after the transition from Apartheid to the new democratic era, this paper shows that water resources are still distributed along racial lines. Based on a case study in rural KwaZulu Natal, results indicate that outcomes of water policies which aimed at redressing historic inequalities have not yet been able to create the expected benefits for the disadvantaged black farming community. This paper uses an ecosystem service (ESS) approach to assess how those benefits that are derived from different water-related ecosystem services (WES) developed in the smallholder community and its adjacent commercial farming area. The change in the distribution of water for household use, water for irrigation, water flow regulation and water for scenic beauty is further discussed in regards to its response to water policies on local and national level. Hereby, the paper addresses the research need to provide insight into ESS responses to policy outcomes, which in turn is expected to reveal challenges and opportunities for policy makers to incorporate the complex yet important interactions between social and ecological systems into their decision making. Practically, this paper contributes by making gaps in ESS utilization between smallholder and commercial farmers explicit. Focusing on the material aspects of equality, i.e. the redistribution of water resources is argued to be neither feasible nor unequivocally desirable in the near future. Rather, I encourage capacity building to increase possibilities of the smallholder farmers to effectively use existing resources.

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Книги з теми "Water ecosystem services":

1

Martin-Ortega, Julia, Robert C. Ferrier, Iain J. Gordon, and Shahbaz Khan, eds. Water Ecosystem Services. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781316178904.

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Adem Esmail, Blal, and Davide Geneletti. Ecosystem Services for Urban Water Security. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45666-5.

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Programme, United Nations Environment. Water security and ecosystem services: The critical connection. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme, 2009.

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4

Asubonteng, Kwabena Owusu, Effiom E. Oku, and Praise Nutakor. Harnessing land and water resources for improved food security and ecosystem services in Africa. Accra, Ghana: United Nations University Institute for Natural Resources in Africa (UNU-INRA), 2014.

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5

Zheng, Haixia. Zhongguo liu yu sheng tai fu wu bu chang ji zhi yu zheng ce yan jiu: Ji yu dian xing an li de shi zheng fen xi. 8th ed. Beijing: Zhongguo jing ji chu ban she, 2010.

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6

Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Water, wetlands, and forests: A review of ecological, economic, and policy linkages. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2010.

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China) Sheng tai bu chang li fa yu liu yu sheng tai bu chang guo ji yan tao hui (2010 Ya'an. Liu yu sheng tai bu chang yu sheng tai bu chang li fa yan jiu: Payment for watershed services and eco-compensation legislation. 8th ed. Beijing Shi: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 2011.

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Meng, Qingyi. Beijing shui sheng tai fu wu gong neng yu jia zhi: Water ecosystem service assessment and valuation in Beijing. 8th ed. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2012.

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9

Canada. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans. Our vision: Safe, healthy, productive waters and aquatic ecosystems, for the benefit of present and future generations, by maintaining the highest possible standards of service to Canadians. [Ottawa]: Communications Directorate, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 1999.

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10

Jacobsen, Dean, and Olivier Dangles. Conserving sustainable ecosystem services. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736868.003.0010.

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Chapter 10 focuses on ecosystem services as a key concept to study the conservation of high altitude waters. Despite their limited area, these ecosystems provide important provisioning, regulating, and cultural services on both local and global scales. They are water towers for mountain and lowland populations, serve as important carbon dioxide sinks, constitute the most extensive high altitude pastoral regions worldwide, and serve as refugia for unique species and communities. The chapter argues that the sustainable use and effective conservation of these ecosystems requires developing sound indicators and scenarios of temporal environmental changes. It also requires uncovering ecosystems’ macroeconomic dimension (i.e. identifying and quantifying causal interactions among biodiversity, water use changes, and socio-economic drivers at different scales), and developing strategies combining biodiversity conservation (e.g. through the protection of umbrella species and extensive areas), livelihood protection and development, and the maintenance of cultural diversity and traditional values.
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Частини книг з теми "Water ecosystem services":

1

Matthews, Nathanial, Wei Zhang, Andrew Reid Bell, and Lara Treemore-Spears. "Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services." In The Food-Energy-Water Nexus, 237–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29914-9_9.

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Grigg, Neil S. "Demand for Water, Water Services, and Ecosystem Services." In Integrated Water Resource Management, 207–25. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57615-6_11.

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Hendry, Sarah, and Geoffrey Gooch. "Ecosystem Services and Water Security." In Routledge Handbook of Ecosystem Services, 501–8. New York, NY : Routledge, 2016.: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315775302-44.

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Völker, Jeanette, and Dietrich Borchardt. "Drinking Water Quality at Risk: A European Perspective." In Atlas of Ecosystem Services, 205–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96229-0_32.

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Görücü, Özden. "Ecosystem Services Supporting Water Supply Systems." In Ecosystem Services of Headwater Catchments, 15–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57946-7_3.

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Schneider, J., Ž. Kalasová, and J. Fialová. "Ecosystem Services and Disservices of Watercourses and Water Areas." In Springer Water, 337–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18363-9_14.

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Suominen, Mia. "Water Conservation Business Arising from Company’s Environmental Responsibility." In Ecosystem Services of Headwater Catchments, 239–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57946-7_21.

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Adem Esmail, Blal, and Davide Geneletti. "Challenges for Water Security in Asmara, Eritrea." In Ecosystem Services for Urban Water Security, 39–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45666-5_4.

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Adem Esmail, Blal, and Davide Geneletti. "Introduction." In Ecosystem Services for Urban Water Security, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45666-5_1.

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Adem Esmail, Blal, and Davide Geneletti. "Linking Ecosystem Services to Urban Water Infrastructures and Institutions." In Ecosystem Services for Urban Water Security, 7–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45666-5_2.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Water ecosystem services":

1

Yap, A., G. Honan, and M. Kealy. "Ecosystem Services Approach to Public Facility Planning." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)560.

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2

Heagerty, Daniel D., Kevin R. O'Hara, Gillian C. Ockner, and Ed Whitelaw. "System Dynamics Modeling and Valuation of Ecosystem Services." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40737(2004)329.

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3

Theo Dillaha, Cheryl Heatwole Shenk, and Keith M Moore. "Conservation Agriculture and Ecosystem Services." In 21st Century Watershed Technology: Improving Water Quality and Environment Conference Proceedings, 21-24 February 2010, Universidad EARTH, Costa Rica. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29412.

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Howard, H., H. Bjornlund, and W. Xu. "Securing societal benefits through increased provision of ecosystem services using incentives." In WATER AND SOCIETY 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ws110431.

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5

Blancher, P., C. Vignon, E. Catalon, B. Maresca, A. Dujin, X. Mordet, I. Borowski, et al. "Ecosystem services approach for water framework directive implementation." In RAVAGE OF THE PLANET III. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/rav110081.

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6

Vasudevan, Padma, P. K. Sen, R. K. Srivastava, Mamata Tandon, Shriram Hegde, T. Vijaya Kumar, and Philip Davies. "Ecosystem services by wetlands for polluted water treatment." In 8TH BSME INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THERMAL ENGINEERING. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5115973.

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7

Kabbes, Karen C., and Steven Windhager. "Sustainable Site Initiative—Protecting and Restoring Site Ecosystem Services." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)416.

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8

Bekele, E. G., and J. W. Nicklow. "Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms for Cost-Effective Management of Ecosystem Services in a Watershed." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40737(2004)235.

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9

Lipka, Oksana, G. Mazmaniants, Maria Isupova, A. Aleynikov, Dmitry Zamolodchikov, and Vladimir Kaganov. "USING OF THE ILI RIVER DELTA ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1700.978-5-317-06490-7/158-165.

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Ecosystem-based adaptation can be applied as an option for sustainable land management. Methodologies that not only prevent land degradation but also contribute to the maintenance of a hydrological regime have become a priority in arid Central Asian climate. Large river deltas can be used as a natural counter-regulator, which accumulates water in wet seasons/years and gradually gives it back to low-water ones. To do so the land-use regime must prevent the degradation of ecosystems and the reduction of their functions. The hystorical anthropogenic damage must be eliminated. In the case of the Ili River delta the restoration of tugai forests is required on an area of at least 30% of the territory, i.e. more than 200 thousand hectares. Afforestation can lead to an increase in the underground water supply of the river at 30 - 70%. The groundwater supply to the river branches in the delta can increase by 1.26 - 2.94 km3/year (up to 21% annual river flow), which, in turn, will lead to additional water supply to Lake Balkhash and reduce the risk of the Aral Sea crisis repetition.
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Artita, K. S., R. Rajan, and J. Knighton. "Seeing Green by Going Green: Maximizing Ecosystem/Community Services Benefits through Strategic Green Storm-Water Infrastructure Design." In World Environmental And Water Resources Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412312.055.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Water ecosystem services":

1

Arboleda, Rommel, Nabin Bhattarai, Kai Windhorst, and Bhaskar Singh Karky. REDD+, payment for ecosystem services, and integrated water resources management in Nepal: Synergies, opportunities, and challenges. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.3.

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This study analyses the historical evolution and status of three natural resource management frameworks – REDD+, payment for ecosystem services (PES), and integrated water resources management (IWRM) – in Nepal. This analysis of the documented development of REDD+ and PES practices related to IWRM seeks to improve understanding of Nepal’s specific country context, as well as the opportunities, challenges, and barriers towards strengthening linkages and improving synergies between these natural resource management frameworks.
2

Tóth, Attila, and Richard T. Yao. Cultural Ecosystem Services and Water Quality Improvement provided by Forest Landscapes in New Zealand. Scientific Report. Scion, New Zealand & Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/2019.9780473480899.

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3

Bedford, Philip, Alexis Long, Thomas Long, Erin Milliken, Lauren Thomas, and Alexis Yelvington. Legal Mechanisms for Mitigating Flood Impacts in Texas Coastal Communities. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.mitigatingfloodimpactstx.

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Flooding is a major source of concern for Texas’ coastal communities. It affects the quality of infrastructure, the lives of citizens, and the ecological systems upon which coastal communities in Texas rely. To plan for and mitigate the impacts of flooding, Texas coastal communities may implement land use tools such as zoning, drainage utility systems, eminent domain, exactions, and easements. Additionally, these communities can benefit from understanding how flooding affects water quality and the tools available to restore water bodies to healthy water quality levels. Finally, implementing additional programs for education and ecotourism will help citizens develop knowledge of the impacts of flooding and ways to plan and mitigate for coastal flooding. Land use tools can help communities plan for and mitigate flooding. Section III addresses zoning, a land use tool that most municipalities already utilize to organize development. Zoning can help mitigate flooding, drainage, and water quality issues, which, Texas coastal communities continually battle. Section IV discusses municipal drainage utility systems, which are a mechanism available to municipalities to generate dedicated funds that can help offset costs associated with providing stormwater management. Section V addresses land use and revenue-building tools such as easements, eminent domain, and exactions, which are vital for maintaining existing and new developments in Texas coastal communities. Additionally, Section VI addresses conservation easements, which are a flexible tool that can enhance community resilience through increasing purchase power, establishing protected legal rights, and minimizing hazardous flood impacts. Maintaining good water quality is important for sustaining the diverse ecosystems located within and around Texas coastal communities. Water quality is regulated at the federal level through the Clean Water Act. As discussed in Section VII, the state of Texas is authorized to implement and enforce these regulations by implementing point source and nonpoint source pollutants programs, issuing permits, implementing stormwater discharge programs, collecting water quality data, and setting water quality standards. The state of Texas also assists local communities with implementing restorative programs, such as Watershed Protection Programs, to help local stakeholders restore impaired water bodies. Section VIII addresses ecotourism and how these distinct economic initiatives can help highlight the importance of ecosystem services to local communities. Section VIX discusses the role of education in improving awareness within the community and among visitors, and how making conscious decisions can allow coastal communities to protect their ecosystem and protect against flooding.
4

Lonsdale, Whitney R., Wyatt F. Cross, Charles E. Dalby, Sara E. Meloy, and Ann C. Schwend. Evaluating Irrigation Efficiency: Toward a Sustainable Water Future for Montana. The Montana University System Water Center, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/mwc202011.

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Water is our most valuable natural resource, and is used to support the demands of industry, agriculture, hydroelectric power generation, and municipalities. Water also sustains Montana’s booming recreation and tourism economy and maintains the diverse freshwater ecosystems that provide natural goods and services and promote human well-being. As our population continues to grow, and the collective demand for water increases, it is imperative that we carefully assess how our water is used, as well as how changes in water distribution, management, and governance are likely to influence its availability in the future. This is especially important in the context of a changing climate.
5

Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, Lloyd Morrison, Janice Hinsey, Tyler Cribbs, Gareth Rowell, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor, and Jeffrey Williams. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.
6

The Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling Platform: IEEM Platform Technical Guides: The Ecosystem Services Modeling Data Packet: Overview and Guidelines for Use. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003076.

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This Technical Note describes the ecosystem service model data packets which were developed through the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform project to facilitate the application of ecosystem services modeling to support evidence-based public policy and investment decision making. The data packets provide the spatial data and lookup tables needed to run the InVEST carbon storage, annual water yield, sediment delivery ratio, and nutrient delivery ratio models for 21 countries (and counting) in the Latin American and the Caribbean region. This Technical Note describes the content and structure of the data packets, model specific considerations, the alignment of land cover data for use in InVEST lookup tables, the customization of model parameters, and best practices in the application of the data packets.

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