Готові списки джерел за темами / Water Purification Disinfection By-products

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Water Purification Disinfection By-products"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Water Purification Disinfection By-products":

Matsumoto, Takahiro, Ichiro Tatsuno, and Tadao Hasegawa. "Instantaneous Water Purification by Deep Ultraviolet Light in Water Waveguide: Escherichia Coli Bacteria Disinfection." Water 11, no. 5 (May 9, 2019): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11050968.

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The necessity of small water purification equipment has been increasing in recent years as a result of frequent natural disasters. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation treatment is an effective method for the disinfection of bacterial contaminants in water. As an emerging technology, disinfection by deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) is promising. Few studies have used the point-source characteristics of LEDs and have instead replaced mercury vapor lamps with LEDs. Here, we demonstrate the instantaneous purification of contaminated water by combining the point source characteristics of DUV-LEDs with a water waveguide (WW). The principle is based on the WW region acting as an effective DUV disinfector, whereby a high UV dose in a confined WW region can be applied to bacterial contaminants in a short period of time (around one second). We demonstrate the effect of this DUV-LED WW disinfection technique by showing the results of 3-log disinfection levels of water contaminated with Escherichia coli bacteria after a short treatment time. We believe that the combination of the point-source nature of DUV-LED emission, the water-waveguide effect, and a small photovoltaic cell paves the way toward environmentally friendly and emergency preparedness portable water purification equipment that instantaneously supplies clean water just before drinking.

Gibbons, J., and S. Laha. "Water purification systems: a comparative analysis based on the occurrence of disinfection by-products." Environmental Pollution 106, no. 3 (September 1999): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00097-4.

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STRUTYNSKA, Lesya. "EVALUATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF INNOVATIVE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES OF SWIMMING POOLS AND WATER PARKS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 308, no. 4 (July 28, 2022): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-308-4-32.

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Typical processes of water purification and water treatment of water park pools are considered. The method of economic estimation of efficiency of their application is offered. The methodology is based on the introduction of a number of indicators of the quality of the water treatment process of calculating the coefficient of “efficiency criterion” of water treatment of swimming pools. The purpose of this study was to develop an innovative technology of electrolytic-cavitation water treatment for swimming pools and water parks and to create a method of comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of modern water treatment technologies. A new technological scheme of electrolytic-cavitation water purification of public water bodies is proposed. A mathematical dependence has been created, which allows to objectively assess the effectiveness of various methods of water treatment and purification using the proposed indicator called “efficiency criterion” It is established that the proposed method of electrolytic-cavitation water purification has the highest values of efficiency from the considered water purification processes. This method is based on an organic combination of the advantages of such physical methods as electrolytic and cavitation disinfection of organic and biological water pollutants. The degree of purification and disinfection provided by him reaches 97-98%.

Schmidt, Wido, Ute Böhme, Frank Sacher, and Heinz-Jürgen Brauch. "Minimization Of Disinfection By-Products Formation In Water Purification Process Using Chlorine Dioxide — Case Studies." Ozone: Science & Engineering 22, no. 2 (January 2000): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01919510008547222.

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Reshnyak, Valerii I., Aleksandr I. Kaliaush, and Ksenia V. Reshnyak. "DEVELOPMENT OF BALLAST WATER PURIFICATION AND DISINFECTION TECHNOLOGY." Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova 14, no. 3 (September 2, 2022): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21821/2309-5180-2022-14-3-365-373.

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The technology of purification and disinfection of ballast water developed by the authors is presented in the paper. Based on the results of a systematic analysis of the problem and on research experience in this field, it has been shown that the quality of ballast water discharged overboard after its use as ballast is determined by such basic factors as purification technology and design features of treatment devices, as well as conditions for operations with ballast water. The technology of ballast water purification as a complex of operations for purification, treatment and disinfection is determined by environmental requirements for the quality of purified and discharged overboard water, as well as the properties of the initial ballast water. The analysis of modern environmental requirements for the discharge of ballast water is given. It is shown that these requirements establish the level of permissible bacteriological danger of the discharged ballast water, taking into account the dispersed characteristics of the bacteriologically dangerous substance. These requirements determine the composition of operations that should be included in the technology of purification and disinfection of ballast water. Based on the results of the analysis of environmental requirements for the quality of purified ballast water, which determine the required water quality, a number of technological solutions collectively representing the technology of water purification and disinfection are proposed and justified. As disinfection, the use of ozone as an effective oxidizer is proposed. The use of sedimentation is proposed to regulate the content of dispersed particles of pollutants. Technological solutions also take into account the need for operations with a large amount of ballast water, as well as high reception and discharge capacity. It is proposed to carry out the disinfection process in small volumes of sediment, which is a concentrated mass of bacteriological substance obtained during preliminary coagulation and sedimentation, for which ship ballast tanks can be used. The proposed technology can be applied both in ship installations and in offshore environmental protection equipment - floating or coastal, for example, port facilities.

Matsumoto, Takahiro, Tsuyoshi Hoshiai, Ichiro Tatsuno, and Tadao Hasegawa. "Action Spectra of Bacteria and Purification of Pollutant Water at Faucets Using a Water Waveguide Method." Water 14, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091394.

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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation treatment is an effective method for purifying pollutant water contaminated with bacteria and/or chemicals. As an emerging technology, purification by deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) is promising. Few studies have used the point-source characteristics of LEDs and have instead replaced mercury vapor lamps with LEDs. Here, we show our recent progress in the instantaneous purification of contaminated water by combining the point-source characteristics of DUV-LEDs with a water waveguide (WW). Before the demonstration, we determined the efficacy of disinfection as a function of irradiation wavelength (action spectra) by constructing a wavelength tunable DUV light source. We found that, as a function of irradiation wavelength, there is a strong correlation between the dose-based inactivation rate constants and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) absorbance. Based on this correlation, the emission wavelength of 265 nm was determined as the most effective wavelength for disinfecting water contaminated with bacteria. Instantaneous 2-log disinfection levels of water contaminated with Escherichia coli O1 or Pseudomonas aeruginosa were demonstrated by using the DUV-LED WW method. We also discuss how far-UVC radiation shorter than 230 nm, which has recently been attracting attention and is known as a safe and effective disinfection wavelength for the human body, cannot give a higher-dose-based inactivation rate constant compared to that of 265 nm irradiation due to the larger absorption coefficient of water with a wavelength shorter than 230 nm.

Zhang, Shuo, and Ruhua Wang. "Study on the change of organic matter along the Processes of Drinking Water Plant." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 03023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911803023.

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According to contaminated raw water and drinking water purification processes, volatile/semi-volatile organic compounds in water are determined by GC-MS. The changes of the organic along the process and water quality from unsafe to safe process were revealed. The results show that there are odorous substances such as heptanal in raw water, which are not detected after the filtration. The composition of volatile organic compounds changes a lot after the ozone activated carbon process, thus anthropogenic pollutants are no longer detected such as 5-ethyl-5-(3-hydroxy isopentyl)-barbituric acid. However, biological metabolites that are not present in raw water such as cedrenol appear. Except disinfection by-products after disinfection, there are a variety of halogenated compounds as 1-1-dichlorocyclobutane and 1-chloro-3, 3-dimethyl-butane. Some hydrocarbons and alcohols in the finished water have little impact on drinking water safety.

Iannelli, R., S. Ripari, B. Casini, A. Buzzigoli, G. Privitera, M. Verani, and A. Carducci. "Feasibility assessment of surface water disinfection by ultrafiltration." Water Supply 14, no. 4 (January 30, 2014): 522–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.003.

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Ultrafiltration (UF) has been presented as an alternative to chemical disinfection to obtain safe drinking water, for its ability to remove microbiological contamination. Hollow-fiber UF membranes are designed as an effective barrier to microorganisms, for their high manufacturing integrity and for the ‘potting’ method adopted to seal fibers to the feeding/extraction manifold. While the main advantage over chemical disinfection is the drastic reduction of disinfection-by-product (DBP) formation, some chemicals are still required to control fouling and related sanitary risks. This study aims at an up-to-date assessment of UF use for surface water disinfection by compact, minimally-attended, automated plants. A 3.5 m3/h automated UF pilot-plant was run for 8 months for drinking quality purification of surface water from Pescia stream. Standard drinking water parameters, as well as specific microbiological parameters (Legionella, Mycobacterium, Adenovirus, coliphage) and DBP formation were monitored. Final results highlighted that the plant could reach a good removal of bacteria and a significant reduction of viruses. However, the adopted operation/maintenance policies had a strong impact on energy and water consumption, efficacy of bacterium/virus barrier and DBP formation. Hence, an accurate and competent operation, as well as the assistance of chemical disinfection, are still required for safe drinking water production.

Deng, Daosheng, Wassim Aouad, William A. Braff, Sven Schlumpberger, Matthew E. Suss, and Martin Z. Bazant. "Water purification by shock electrodialysis: Deionization, filtration, separation, and disinfection." Desalination 357 (February 2015): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.11.011.

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Jung, Y. J., B. S. Oh, J. W. Kang, M. A. Page, M. J. Phillips, and B. J. Mariñas. "Control of disinfection and halogenated disinfection byproducts by the electrochemical process." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 12 (June 1, 2007): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.409.

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The aim of this study was to investigate some aspects of the performance of electrochemical process as an alternative disinfection strategy, while minimising DBPs, for water purification. The study of electrochemical processes has shown free chlorine to be produced, but smaller amounts of stronger oxidants, such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide and OH radicals (•OH), were also generated. The formation of mixed oxidants increased with increasing electric conductivity, but was limited at conductivities greater than 0.6 mS/cm. Using several microorganisms, such as E. coli and MS2 bacteriophage, inactivation kinetic studies were performed. With the exception of free chlorine, the role of mixed oxidants, especially OH radicals, was investigated for enhancement of the inactivation rate. Additionally, the formation and reduction of DBPs was studied by monitoring the concentration of haloacetic acids (HAAs) during the process.

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Дисертації з теми "Water Purification Disinfection By-products":

Liu, Jinlin, and 刘金林. "Wastewater organic as the precursors of disinfection byproducts in drinking water: characterization,biotransformation and treatment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46289562.

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McAuley, Kimberley. "Disinfection by-products and public health concerns." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0070.

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Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are a major group of water contaminants and their role in causing adverse health outcomes, including adverse pregnancy outcomes, endocrine disruption, respiratory related adverse health outcomes and cancer has been subject to extensive epidemiological and toxicological research and review. Determination of safe exposure to DBPs, particularly within drinking water supplies, has been a topic of extensive debate, with a wide range of acceptable levels set across the industrialized world. The focus of the research in this thesis was on two of the main health outcomes associated with DBP exposure, namely adverse pregnancy outcomes and asthma related symptoms. To assess adverse pregnancy outcomes in Perth, an extensive classification quantification of the major DBPs in Perth drinking water was conducted. A registrybased prevalence study was carried out to assess birth defects in relation to high, medium and low DBP areas (defined by the water sampling and analysis). It was found that women living in high THM areas are 22% (odds ratio (OR) 1.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.01-1.48) more likely of having a baby with any birth defect. High exposure was also strongly associated with an increased risk of having a baby with a cardiovascular defect (62% increased risk). Low birth weight and prematurity were also assessed; however these outcomes were not associated with an increased risk through an increase in exposure. Following on from this analysis, a population risk assessment model was developed for DBPs in high exposure environments. This involved a three step process: (i) Firstly a questionnaire-based validation and reliability study was used to assess water consumption patterns of a population of pregnant women in Perth. (ii) Secondly a prediction model for teratogenic burden of DBPs in Perth was developed, related to the exposure patterns of the population of pregnant women involved in the validation and reliability study. (iii) Finally, combining the information collected in (i) and (ii), along with the regression slope estimates for birth weight from the prevalence study (defined in Section 2.2.1), a dose-response model for THMs and birth weight was developed. Predictive simulations for birth weights at given THM levels were then conducted. It was estimated that pregnant women in Perth are exposed to between 0.3 4.10 µg/day ingested TTHM, and of this, the more toxic brominated forms accounted for between 0.27 3.69 µg/day. Based on a dose-response model used, birthweights calculated for the hypothetical exposures ranged from 3403.2g for the highest exposure to 3503.5g in the lowest exposure, which is a difference of over 100g. Although the resulting reduction in birth weight is not extreme, there is still a significant reduction in birth weight present as exposure to TTHMs increases. This is the first doseresponse model to be developed to assess an adverse pregnancy outcome based on pregnant women exposure data, and will be a useful tool for assessing varying exposures throughout not only Australia but also throughout the industrialised world, where DBP exposure is highly prevalent.

Ringer, Erin E. "Reduction of trihalomethanes using ultrasound as a disinfectant." Link to electronic thesis, 2007. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050307-084016/.

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Ranmuthugala, Geethanjali Piyawadani. "Disinfection by-products in drinking water and genotoxic changes in urinary bladder epithelial cells." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20011207.110344/index.html.

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Lui, Yuen Shan. "Formation of disinfection by-products and mutagenicity upon chlorination of algal-derived organic materials." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1181.

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Park, Sang Hyuck. "Effect of amine-based water treatment polymers on the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) disinfection by-product." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22549.

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In recent years, a compound N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a probable human carcinogen, has been identified as an emerging disinfection by-product (DBP) since its formation and detection were linked to chlorine-based disinfection processes in several water utilities in the U.S. and Canada. Numerous organic nitrogen compounds present in water may impact the formation of NDMA during disinfection. Amine-based water treatment polymers used as coagulants and flocculants have been suggested as potential NDMA precursors due to the presence of amine functional groups in their structures, as well as the possible presence of dimethylamine (DMA) residues in polymer products. To minimize the potential risk of NDMA associated with water treatment polymers, the mechanisms of how the polymers behave as NDMA precursors and their contribution to the overall NDMA formation under actual water treatment conditions need to be elucidated. This research involved a systematic investigation to determine whether amine-based water treatment polymers contribute to NDMA formation under drinking water and wastewater treatment conditions, to probe the involved reaction mechanisms, and to develop strategies to minimize the polymers NDMA formation potential. The investigation included five research tasks: (1) General screening of NDMA formation potential of commonly used amine-based water treatment polymers, (2) NDMA formation from amine-based water treatment polymers under relevant water treatment conditions, (3) Probing the mechanisms of NDMA formation from polyamine and PolyDADMAC, (4) Effect of water treatment processes on NDMA formation from amine-based water treatment polymers, and (5) Developing strategies to reduce polymers NDMA formation potential. Direct chloramination or chlorination of high doses of polymers in deionized water at longer than typical contact time was used in the general screening of the NDMA formation potential of water treatment polymers and in the studies to identify reaction mechanisms. On the other hand, realistic dosages of chloramines and polymers and contact time were used in simulating representative water treatment conditions to evaluate the contribution of polymers to the overall NDMA formation in real systems. On the basis of the study results, strategies were developed to reduce the NDMA formation potential of amine-based water treatment polymers, which include modification of polymer structures and treatment parameters.

Farren, Elizabeth Anne. "Reducing trihalomethane concentrations by using chloramines as a disinfectant." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0429103-095058.

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Hong, Huachang. "Characteristics of natural organic matter in Hong Kong's source drinking water and its association with the formation of disinfection by-products." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/894.

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Akande, Babatunde Cornelius. "Disinfection by-products and their biological influence on radicle development, biomass accumulation, nutrient concentration, oxidative response and lipid composition of two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2336.

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Thesis (DTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
Trihalomethanes are disinfection byproducts of chlorinated waters, and there is a growing interest to understand plant responses to organohalogens. This study investigates the effects of increasing trihalomethane dose on the physiology of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and determines whether the extent of physiological impacts of trihalomethane exposure on seedling radicle length, biomass accumulation, concentration levels of 12 key nutrients, oxidative stress, fatty acids and α-tocopherol content in membrane lipids of tomato correlated with either the number of bromine or chlorine atoms in the trihalomethane molecules. The 2 x 4 x 5 factorial experiment was laid out in CRD with four replications. Two cultivars of tomato were exposed to 4 levels of trihalomethanes (bromodichloromethane, bromoform, chloroform and dibromochloromethane) and 5 levels of concentration (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mg.L-1) in a green house. The decrease in seedling biomass and the inhibition of radicle growth increased with increasing trihalomethane concentrations in a dose dependent manner. Also, both these parameters decreased in response to an increase in the number of bromine atoms in the trihalomethane molecule. However, in growing plants the decrease in concentration levels of seven essential nutrients namely nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulphur (S), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) & boron (B) correlated to an increase in the number of chlorine atoms. Increase in trihalomethane dose also induced a decrease in all the above mentioned nutrients with the addition of manganese (Mn), although the decrease in P and S were not significant at P ≤ 0.05. The increase in trihalomethane dose induced an increase in oxidative stress parameters such as the total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and lipid peroxidation. The increase in the above parameters correlated to an increase in the number of chlorine atoms, however, no such correlations were observed in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, general lipid peroxidation, α-tocopherol content and totalsoluble proteins. In plant membrane lipids, increase in the saturated fat hexadecanoic acid was observed in both tomato cultivars that correlated to the degree of chlorination in the trihalomethane molecule. The increase in α-linolenic acid stress signaling correlated with an increase in the degree of chlorination in only one tomato cultivar suggesting variable tolerance between cultivars to chemical action. Membrane lipids adjustments in tomato plants exposed to increasing trihalomethane dose were based on two factors; first the adjustments of membrane fluidity with the increase in plant sterols and fatty acids content and secondly, the increase in lipophyllic antioxidants such as phenols, quinones and α-tocopherol content. The phenolic lipophyllic antioxidant was tentatively identified to be 2,2’-methylenebis [6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl] phenol. In conclusion, the magnitude of plant responses to trihalomethanes is more dependent on the halogenation number of the molecule and less on its concentration.

Gandhi, Varun N. "Visualization and quantification of hydrodynamics and dose in UV reactors by 3D laser induced fluorescence." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45895.

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The validation of UV reactors is currently accomplished by biodosimetry, in which the reactor is treated as a "black-box" and hence cannot account for the dependence of the dose delivery on the complex hydrodynamics and the spatial variation in UV intensity. Alternative methods, such as fluorescent microspheres as non-biological surrogates and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, have been developed; however, each method has its shortcomings. In this study, a novel technique for the spatial and temporal assessment of the hydrodynamics and the UV dose delivered and the link between these two factors in a lab-scale UV reactor using three dimensional laser induced fluorescence (3DLIF) is developed. This tool can also be utilized for the optimization of UV reactors and to provide data for validation of CFD-based simulation techniques. Regions of optimization include areas around the UV lamp where short-circuiting occurred, a longer inlet approach section that enhances the performance of the reactor by reducing short circuiting paths and a longer outlet region to provide greater mixing. 3DLIF allows real time characterization of mixing and dose delivery in a single lamp UV reactor placed perpendicular to flow by capturing fluorescence images emitted from a laser dye, Rhodamine 6G, using a high speed CCD camera. In addition to three-dimensional mixing, the technique successfully visualized the two-dimensional, transient mixing behaviors such as the recirculation zone and the von Karman vortices and the fluence delivery within the reactor, which has not been possible with traditional tracer test techniques. Finally, a decomposition technique was applied to the flow and fluence delivery based concentration data to reveal similar structures that affect these phenomena. Based on this analysis, changing the flow in the reactor, i.e. the Reynolds number, will directly affect the fluence delivery.

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Книги з теми "Water Purification Disinfection By-products":

Wobma, Paul C. UV disinfection and disinfection by-product characteristics of unfiltered water. Denver, CO: Awwa Research Foundation, 2004.

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International Conference on Disinfection By-products: the Way Forward (1998 Cambridge, England). Disinfection by-products in drinking water: Current issues. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1999.

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Valentine, Richard Louis. Novel pathways for the formation of disinfection by-products. Denver, Colo: Water Research Foundation, 2011.

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Briggs, David A. Advanced water treatment of estuarine water supplies. Denver, Colo: AWWA Research Foundation, 2008.

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Plewa, Michael J., and Elizabeth D. Wagner. Mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of disinfection by-products. Denver, CO: Water Research Foundation, 2009.

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Xie, Yuefeng. Disinfection byproducts in drinking water: Formation, analysis, and control. Boca Raton, Fla: Lewis Publishers, 2004.

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Clark, Robert M., and Brenda K. Boutin. Controlling disinfection by-products and microbial contaminants in drinking water. Cincinnati, Ohio: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2001.

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Bouman, Dick. Smart disinfection solutions: Examples of small-scale disinfection products for safe drinking water. Amsterdam: KIT Publishers, 2010.

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Bull, Richard J. Health effects of disinfectants and disinfection by-products. Denver, CO: AWWA Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, 1991.

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Li, Xing-Fang. Analytical methods for predicted DBPs of probable toxicological significance. Denver, CO: Water Research Foundation, 2011.

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Частини книг з теми "Water Purification Disinfection By-products":

Sokolowski, Aleksandra, Stephanie Gora, and Susan Andrews. "Effects of Nanotechnologies on Disinfection By-product Formation." In Nanotechnology for Water Treatment and Purification, 275–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06578-6_9.

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Richardson, Susan D., and Cristina Postigo. "Drinking Water Disinfection By-products." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 93–137. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2011_125.

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Alexandrou, Lydon D., Barry J. Meehan, and Oliver A. H. Jones. "Disinfection By-products in Recycled Waters." In Water Scarcity and Ways to Reduce the Impact, 135–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75199-3_8.

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Vidić, Radisav D. "Control of Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water: Case Studies of Alternative Disinfection Technologies." In Water Supply Systems, 275–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61187-2_15.

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Naserun, Nur Izzati, and Nurul Hana Mokhtar Kamal. "Disinfection By-Products Precursors Removal by Simultaneous Coagulation and Disinfection in River Water." In Proceedings of AICCE'19, 331–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32816-0_21.

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Krasner, Stuart W., D. M. Owen, and J. E. Cromwell. "Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Disinfectants—Disinfection By-Products Rule." In Water Disinfection and Natural Organic Matter, 10–23. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0649.ch002.

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Vidić, Radisav D. "Control of Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water: Regulations and Costs." In Water Supply Systems, 259–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61187-2_14.

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McClellan, John N., David A. Reckhow, John E. Tobiason, James K. Edzwald, and Alan F. Hess. "Empirical Models for Chlorination By-Products: Four Years of Pilot Experience in Southern Connecticut." In Water Disinfection and Natural Organic Matter, 26–47. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0649.ch003.

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Tang, Hao L., Ricky J. Ristau, and Yuefeng F. Xie. "Disinfection By-Products in Swimming Pool Water: Formation, Modeling, and Control." In ACS Symposium Series, 381–403. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2015-1190.ch020.

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Zwiener, Christian. "Trihalomethanes (THMs), Haloacetic Acids (HAAs), and Emerging Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water." In Organic Pollutants in the Water Cycle, 251–86. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/352760877x.ch10.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Water Purification Disinfection By-products":

Boyle, Paul M., and Brent C. Houchens. "Hands-On Water Purification Experiments Using the Adaptive WaTER Laboratory for Undergraduate Education and K-12 Outreach." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55108.

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A bench-top educational system, the Adaptive Water Treatment for Education and Research (WaTER) Laboratory, has been developed as part of a year-long capstone design project. The Adaptive WaTER Lab teaches students about the effectiveness of various water purification techniques. Stackable housings employ six different filtration and purification methods including: sediment filtration, carbon filtration, chemical disinfection, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and ultraviolet light disinfection. Filtration pressure is supplied by a hand or foot pump, and two rechargeable batteries are required for the UV sterilization unit. The advantages and limitations of each technique are investigated, with learning performance criteria measured by knowledge of: material costs, contaminant removal or neutralization capabilities (from large sediment to bacteria and viruses to chemicals), robustness and longevity, and power requirements and efficiencies. Finally, suitable combinations of treatment techniques are studied for specific contamination issues, with the ultimate goal of producing potable water. The importance of sustainable water use is also discussed. Background information and suggested experiments are introduced through accompanying educational packets. This system has had a successful impact on undergraduate education. The metrics of success include a published journal article, an awarded EPA P3 educational grant and a pending patent for the undergraduates involved in the development of the Lab. Other undergraduates are currently involved in a design for manufacturability study. Finally, the Lab has served as a demonstration tool in a new interdisciplinary engineering course “Integrated Approaches to Sustainable Development.” The Adaptive WaTER Lab has also been used in hands-on outreach to over 300 underrepresented K-12 students in the Houston area. Two high school students borrowed the original prototype of the Lab to use in an Earth Day demonstration, and one student recently worked on an individual project using the Lab. Because the Lab is portable and requires only human and solar power (to recharge the batteries via a solar backpack), it is also ideal for educational efforts in developing nations. Labs are currently being produced for outreach and donation via three international projects to install water purification systems and/or educational Labs in schools and clinics in Mexico, Lesotho and Swaziland, in collaboration with the Beyond Traditional Borders and Rice 360 health initiatives.

Abbas, S., I. Hashmi, I. A. Qazi, M. A. Awan, and H. Nasir. "Monitoring of emerging drinking water disinfection by-products for microbial inactivation." In Urban Water 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/uw120101.

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Hughes, K. D. "The Role of Ozone in Marine Environmental Protection." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2014-oc1.

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Ozone has an important but as yet largely unfulfilled role to play in reducing damage to marine ecosystems, as well as, improving the onboard environment and living conditions for all shipboard personnel. Ozone can provide pure and safe potable water that is critical to vessel safety as pure water has an immediate impact on the health and morale of both crew and passengers. Ozone can also be the central player to eliminate chlorine in the disinfection of sewage in a new type of MSD that recycles the water for reuse in toilets. Controlling the spread of non-indigenous, invasive species transported in ballast water is another beneficial and valuable application of ozone The in situ purification of potable water in the holding tanks is in use 24/7 aboard four US Navy-owned ships, Research Vessels Knorr, Atlantis, Roger Revelle, and Melville and one NSF-owned ship, R/V Oceanus. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution was the first to opt for an ozone-based Water Quality Assurance system to treat water stored in the ship’s fresh water holding tanks in 1996andwith immediate success of the first installation the rest followed soon thereafter. The most recent installations of the Chem-Free WQA (Water Quality Assurance) system aboard new US Navy vessels are AGOR 27, R/V Neil Armstrong, commissioned in April 2014, and AGOR28 R/V Sally Ride. Ozone is also being used on board yachts from 31 ft. to over 300 ft., both power and sail, for indoor air quality and odor control, as well as odor control in the headspace of black and gray water holding tanks and simultaneous treatment of potable water. The marine environment, be it fresh, brackish, or salt, is exceptionally delicate. Environmental changes wrought by the activities of human activities worldwide are happening far too rapidly for marine species to evolve strategies that are necessary to successfully deal with them. Maintaining the health and viability of the marine ecosystem is absolutely essential to protect all aquatic life forms, as well as, humanity itself and preserve them for posterity. This paper will details several uniquely different applications in which ozone can best be used to the benefit of the marine environment on both outside and inside a vessel’s hull.

Fan, Zhiyun, Shaopo Wang, and Guohua Hou. "Chlorination Disinfection By-Products and Its Control in Drinking Water." In 2010 International Conference on E-Product E-Service and E-Entertainment (ICEEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2010.5660448.

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ZHANG, Wei, Hai-yan JIANG, and Ai-he WANG. "Pollution and control of chlorinated disinfection by-products in drinking water." In The 2015 International Conference on Materials Engineering and Environmental Science (MEES2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814759984_0075.

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Menegaux, A. M. "The Water Treatment Tightrope: Balancing Disinfection By-Products Control and Pathogen Removal." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)81.

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Cuicui, Li, Xu Yongpeng, Shi Wenxin, and Zhang Dong. "Control of halogenated disinfection by-products precursors by different drinking water treatment process." In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cecnet.2011.5769419.

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Shimazu, Haruki. "Developing a Model for Disinfection By-Products in a Water Distribution System." In Eighth Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Symposium (WDSA). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40941(247)168.

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Barkley, Robert, Charles Hurst, Andrew Dunham, JoAnn Silverstein, and Gail M. Brion. "Generation of Iodine Disinfection By-Products (IDP's) in a Water Recycle System." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/921362.

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Barkley, Robert, Andrew Dunham, Charles Hurst, and JoAnn Silverstein. "Iodine Disinfection By-Products Generated in Water from Selected Organic Precursor Compounds." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/932097.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Water Purification Disinfection By-products":

Raymer, James, and Larry Michaels. Uptake of Water Disinfection By-Products Into Food. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI Press, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2010.mr.0016.1008.

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Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova, and Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.

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The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the environmental fate and risks related to NP exposure. Carbon-based nanomaterials embedded with metal NPs demonstrate a great potential to serve as catalyst and disinfectors. Hence, synthesis of novel carbon-based nanocomposites and testing them in the environmentally relevant conditions (particularly in the DOM presence) is important for their implementation in water purification. Sorption of DOM on Ag-Ag₂S NPs, CeO₂ NPs and synthesized Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubebifunctional composite has been studied. High DOM concentration (50mg/L) decreased the adsorptive and catalytic efficiencies of all synthesized NPs. Recyclable Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent catalytic and anti-bacterial action, providing complete reduction of common pollutants and inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at environmentally relevant DOM concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Our composite material may be suitable for water purification ranging from natural to the industrial waste effluents. We also examined the role of maize (Zeamays L.)-derived root exudates (a form of DOM) and their components on the aggregation and dissolution of CuONPs in the rhizosphere. Root exudates (RE) significantly inhibited the aggregation of CuONPs regardless of ionic strength and electrolyte type. With RE, the critical coagulation concentration of CuONPs in NaCl shifted from 30 to 125 mM and the value in CaCl₂ shifted from 4 to 20 mM. This inhibition was correlated with molecular weight (MW) of RE fractions. Higher MW fraction (> 10 kDa) reduced the aggregation most. RE also significantly promoted the dissolution of CuONPs and lower MW fraction (< 3 kDa) RE mainly contributed to this process. Also, Cu accumulation in plant root tissues was significantly enhanced by RE. This study provides useful insights into the interactions between RE and CuONPs, which is of significance for the safe use of CuONPs-based antimicrobial products in agricultural production. Wheat root exudates (RE) had high reducing ability to convert Ag+ to nAg under light exposure. Photo-induced reduction of Ag+ to nAg in pristine RE was mainly attributed to the 0-3 kDa fraction. Quantification of the silver species change over time suggested that Cl⁻ played an important role in photoconversion of Ag+ to nAg through the formation and redox cycling of photoreactiveAgCl. Potential electron donors for the photoreduction of Ag+ were identified to be reducing sugars and organic acids of low MW. Meanwhile, the stabilization of the formed particles was controlled by both low (0-3 kDa) and high (>3 kDa) MW molecules. This work provides new information for the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticles mediated by RE, which may further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling and toxicity of heavy metal ions in agricultural and environmental systems. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios of Cu and S were synthesized, and their respective antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the pathogenic activity of Gibberellafujikuroi(Bakanae disease) in rice (Oryza sativa). In a 2-d in vitro study, CuS decreased G. fujikuroiColony- Forming Units (CFU) compared to controls. In a greenhouse study, treating with CuSNPs at 50 mg/L at the seed stage significantly decreased disease incidence on rice while the commercial Cu-based pesticide Kocide 3000 had no impact on disease. Foliar-applied CuONPs and CuS (1:1) NPs decreased disease incidence by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, which outperformed CuS (1:4) NPs (15%) and Kocide 3000 (12.5%). CuS (1:4) NPs also modulated the shoot salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) production to enhance the plant defense mechanisms against G. fujikuroiinfection. These results are useful for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nano-enabled strategies while minimizing their environmental impact, and advance our understanding of the defense mechanisms triggered by the NPs presence in plants.