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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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1

Doyle, PT, RA Love, and TW Plaisted. "Mineral supplementation and wool production of young Merino sheep on the south coast of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 4 (1995): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950437.

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Анотація:

Wool-free liveweight change (LWC), wool growth rate, annual wool production, and wool characteristics of young Merino wethers fed supplements of lupins with gypsum or a multi-element mineral lick were examined in 12 experiments at 5 farms between 1989 and 1992. The source of sheep varied between experiments; age was 4.5-6.5 months and liveweight 28-37 kg at the beginning of supplementation. Sheep were fed lupins, lupins coated with gypsum (15-20 g/kg lupins), or lupins along with access to the mineral lick (offered at 140 g/sheep.week). The amount of lupins offered in all treatments within any

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2

Safari, E., N. M. Fogarty, A. R. Gilmour, K. D. Atkins, S. I. Mortimer, A. A. Swan, F. D. Brien, J. C. Greeff, and J. H. J. van der Werf. "Across population genetic parameters for wool, growth, and reproduction traits in Australian Merino sheep. 2. Estimates of heritability and variance components." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 2 (2007): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06162.

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Precise estimates of genetic parameters are required for genetic evaluation systems. This study combined data from 7 research resource flocks across Australia to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for production traits in the Australian Merino sheep. The flocks were maintained for several generations and represented contemporary Australian Merino fine, medium, and broad wool bloodlines over the past 30 years. Over 110 000 records were available for analysis for each of the major wool traits, and 50 000 records for reproduction and growth traits with over 2700 sires and 25 000

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3

Safari, E., N. M. Fogarty, A. R. Gilmour, K. D. Atkins, S. I. Mortimer, A. A. Swan, F. D. Brien, J. C. Greeff, and J. H. J. van der Werf. "Across population genetic parameters for wool, growth, and reproduction traits in Australian Merino sheep. 1. Data structure and non-genetic effects." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 2 (2007): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06161.

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Анотація:

Accurate estimates of adjustment factors for systematic environmental effects are required for genetic evaluation systems. This study combined data from 7 research resource flocks across Australia to estimate genetic parameters and investigate the significance of various environmental factors for production traits in Australian Merino sheep. The flocks were maintained for several generations and represented contemporary Australian Merino fine, medium, and broad wool bloodlines over the past 30 years. Over 110 000 records were available for analysis for each of the major wool traits, with over

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4

Butler, LG, and GM Head. "Photoperiodic rhythm of wool growth and its contribution to seasonal wool production by the Merino, Polwarth, and their reciprocal crosses in southern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 3 (1994): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940311.

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Twelve wethers of each of the Merino and Polwarth breeds and their reciprocal crosses were fed at1 of 2 levels in individual pens for 14 months. Periodic clean wool weight, yield, fibre diameter, and the coefficient of variation (CV%) for fibre diameter were measured from midside patches harvested every6 weeks.There was a significant effect of time of wool harvest on clean wool weight per cm2, yield, fibre diameter(all P<0.01), and its CV% (P<0.05). A trough in wool production occurred about August-September and a peak in January. The amplitude of the photoperiodic rhythm of wool growth

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5

Henry, B. K., D. Butler, and S. G. Wiedemann. "Quantifying carbon sequestration on sheep grazing land in Australia for life cycle assessment studies." Rangeland Journal 37, no. 4 (2015): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj14109.

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The sheep industry has played an important role in Australia’s development and economy over the 220 years since European settlement and remains an important land use in Australia, occupying an estimated 85 million ha of continental land mass. Historically, deforestation was carried out in many sheep-rearing regions to promote pasture growth but this has not occurred within recent decades and many wool producers have invested in planting trees as well as preserving patches of remnant vegetation. Although the limitations of single environmental impact studies are recognised, this paper focuses o

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6

McGregor, B. A. "Influence of stocking rate and mixed grazing of Angora goats and Merino sheep on animal and pasture production in southern Australia. 3. Mohair and wool production and quality." Animal Production Science 50, no. 3 (2010): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09186.

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Анотація:

The effects of animal species (AS; Angora goats, Merino sheep, mixed-grazed goats and sheep at the ratio of 1 : 1) and stocking rate (SR; 7.5, 10 and 12.5 animals/ha) on fibre production and quality were determined in a replicated experiment on improved annual temperate pastures in southern Australia from 1981 to 1984. Separately grazed sheep produced the most total clean fibre/ha at each SR. Mixed-grazed treatments produced amounts of clean fibre/ha similar to the arithmetic mean of sheep and goat treatments at 7.5/ha (21.9 versus 21.3 kg/ha), 10% more at 10/ha (28.3 versus 25.3 kg/ha, P <

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7

Greeff, J. C., B. Paganoni, and R. P. Lewer. "Use of part records in Merino breeding programs — the inheritance of wool growth and fibre traits during different times of the year to determine their value in Merino breeding programs." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 4 (2005): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03122.

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Fibre diameter can vary dramatically along a wool staple, especially in the Mediterranean environment of southern Australia with its dry summers and abundance of green feed in spring. Other research results have shown a very low phenotypic correlation between fibre diameter grown between seasons. Many breeders use short staples to measure fibre diameter for breeding purposes and also to promote animals for sale. The effectiveness of this practice is determined by the relative response to selection by measuring fibre traits on a full 12 months wool staple as compared to measuring them only on p

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8

Doyle, PT, TW Plaisted, and RA Love. "Supplementary feeding pattern and rate of liveweight gain in winter-spring affect wool production of young Merino sheep on the south coast of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 8 (1995): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9951093.

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The effects of different supplementary feeding practices in summer-autumn and management strategies on green pasture on liveweight change, wool growth rate, annual wool production and wool characteristics of young Merino wethers were examined at 2 farms. The grain feeding treatments were lupins (L) or lupins and oats (LO) fed in amounts that were adjusted to try and maintain liveweight, or lupins and oats (LOG) fed at a higher rate. The objectives of liveweight maintenance or gain were not always achieved, but liveweight patterns differed between LOG compared with L or LO during summer-autumn.

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9

Croker, KP, MA Johns, SH Bell, GA Brown, and JF Wallace. "The influence of vaccination with Fecundin and supplementation with lupin grain on the reproductive performance of Merino ewes in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 4 (1990): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900469.

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Анотація:

The reproductive performances of groups of 4-6-year-old medium wool Merino ewes that were vaccinated with Fecundin and/or fed sweet lupin grain prior to and during the early part of the joining period were compared with untreated ewes over 2 years. The rams were joined with the ewes in early January of each year. In both years the Fecundin and lupin treatments increased ovulation rates (between 0.13 and 0.56) and the incidence of multiple pregnancies (between 1 and 36%). The proportions of lambs born following treatment with Fecundin were larger than those from the ewes fed only lupins. When t

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10

Murray, PJ, JB Rowe, EM Aitchison, and SG Winslow. "Liveweight gain and wool growth in sheep fed rations containing virginiamycin." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 8 (1992): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9921037.

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Анотація:

The feed additive virginiamycin was evaluated for its potential to improve wool growth and liveweight gain in Merino sheep in 2 experiments. In the first experiment 84 wethers (about 10 months old) were housed individually and fed ad libitum a pelleted diet based on lucerne chaff, lupin, and barley grain. Control sheep (28) were fed an unmedicated diet, and 14 in each of 4 groups were given diets containing 10, 20, 40, or 60 mg virginiamycin/kg pellets. Virginiamycin was found to reduce feed intake during the first 4-5 weeks of the experiment when included at levels 220 g/t. There was a dose-r

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11

Young, J., P. T. Doyle, and P. Booth. "Strip grazing to control wool growth rate of sheep grazing green annual pastures." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 3 (1999): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98143.

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We compared strip grazing (SG) as a means of controlling wool growth rate, reducing variation in fibre diameter along the staple, and of carrying more Merino sheep through winter on green annual pastures, with set stocking (SS) in 3 experiments. In experiments 1 and 2, SG involved grazing to a residual feed on offer (FOO) of 400 kg DM/ha with an estimated intake of about 0.8 kg DM/day for each sheep. Treatments commenced after pasture establishment in autumn–winter, with both treatments stocked at 20 wethers/ha until late spring. During spring, average liveweight changes were lower (P<0.01)

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12

Masters, David G., Allan J. Rintoul, Robyn A. Dynes, Kelly L. Pearce, and Hayley C. Norman. "Feed intake and production in sheep fed diets high in sodium and potassium." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 5 (2005): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04280.

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Salinity is a problem facing many crop and livestock producers in southern Australia. One management option is to revegetate with salt-tolerant plants suitable for animal production. These plants are often halophytic shrubs containing up to 30% ash, predominantly as sodium, potassium, or chloride. This experiment examines the consequences of a high intake of sodium and potassium separately or together on feed intake, digestibility, liveweight change, and wool growth. Twelve groups of 6 weaner wethers were allocated to treatments according to a balanced 3 × 4 factorial design with 3 levels of a

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13

Walkom, S. F., and D. J. Brown. "Genetic evaluation of adult ewe bodyweight and condition: relationship with lamb growth, reproduction, carcass and wool production." Animal Production Science 57, no. 1 (2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15091.

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This paper reports on genetic variation in the growth, wool production, carcass, reproduction and the bodyweight and body condition of ewes managed in the Information Nucleus Flock (INF), with a focus on evaluating the potential value of including adult ewe bodyweight and condition change traits in the Australian national sheep genetic evaluations provided by Sheep Genetics. Data were collected over a 7-year period (2007–2013) at eight research sites across southern Australia. Approximately 13 700 ewes were weighed and condition scored with ewes on average mated four times during the study. Ad

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14

Thorn, CW, and MW Perry. "Effect of chemical removal of grasses from pasture leys on pasture and sheep production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 3 (1987): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870349.

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Анотація:

Pasture production, pasture composition and quality, and liveweight, body condition and wool growth of Merino weaner wethers were monitored over 2 seasons and at 2 stocking rates (4 and 8 sheep/ha) on a mixed annual grass-legume pasture sprayed with propyzamide to control grasses. Propyzamide virtually eliminated annual grasses from the pasture (less than 5 kg/ha of grass dry matter in spring v. 403 kg/ha on untreated pasture in 1981) and this carried over into the second season (61 kg/ha v. 647 kg/ha in spring 1982). Propyzamide treated pastures had less total dry matter (P = 0.05) throughout

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15

Fry, JM, MC McGrath, M. Harvey, and EJ Speijers. "Vitamin E treatment of weaner sheep. II. The effect of vitamin E responsive subclinical myopathy on liveweight and wool production." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 6 (1996): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960869.

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Nutritional myopathy occurs as both a clinical and subclinical disease in weaner sheep in Western Australia during summer and autumn. The effect of subclinical nutritional myopathy (SCNM), caused by vitamin E deficiency or combined vitamin E and selenium deficiency, on liveweight and wool was investigated. During the period of SCNM there was no significant difference in liveweight gain in sheep with and without the disease in any of the experiments. Initial liveweight in one experiment was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in sheep that were to develop SCNM during the course of the experiment

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16

Freudenberger, D., A. Wilson, and R. Palmer. "The Effects of Perennial Grasses, Stocking Rate and Rainfall on Sheep Production in a Semi-Arid Woodland of Eastern Australia." Rangeland Journal 21, no. 2 (1999): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9990199.

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A grazing study was conducted in a semi-arid mulga (Acacia aneura) woodland to determine the relative importance of variables controlling sheep production in this environment. The study was based on six sheep stocking rates (0.3-0.8 sheeplha) with the exclusion of other large herbivores including kangaroos and feral goats. The availability of forage and its components, together with the wool growth and live weight of the sheep were measured every three months for seven years from October 1986. Annual rainfall accounted for 60% of the annual variation in live weight gain per head and 79% of the

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17

Masters, D. G., G. Mata, S. M. Liu, and A. C. Schlink. "Frequency of feeding lupin and canola meal supplements to young sheep influences wool growth and mitotic rate but not staple strength." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 2 (2002): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01065.

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In Australia, young sheep often require supplements for part of the year to survive. This study investigated the influence of supplementary-feeding interval, supplement type and pattern of weight loss on wool growth, fibre diameter and staple strength. Weaners (64, 6–7-month old) were fed a basal diet of oaten hay, oaten straw and minerals every day and, in addition, were fed 1 of 2 supplement types. The design was factorial (2 by 3) and the factors were: frequency of supplementation (daily or weekly), type of supplement (lupin seed or canola meal) and pattern of weight loss (88 g/day loss for

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18

Fogarty, N. M., E. Safari, S. I. Mortimer, J. C. Greeff, and S. Hatcher. "Heritability of feed intake in grazing Merino ewes and the genetic relationships with production traits." Animal Production Science 49, no. 12 (2009): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09075.

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The feed intake of 1279 mature non-pregnant and non-lactating Merino ewes grazing pasture was estimated by faecal marker dilution methods using rumen controlled-release devices containing chromium sesquioxide capsules. The ewes were from two genetic resource flocks (QPLU$ flock at Trangie in NSW and a Western Australia flock at Katanning) that are representative of the major bloodlines and strains in the Australian Merino population. Pedigree information over several generations was used to genetically link other animals from the resource flocks that had additional production data to allow est

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19

Bowman, P. J., D. J. Cottle, D. H. White, and A. C. Bywater. "Simulation of wool growth rate and fleece characteristics of Merino sheep in Southern Australia. Part 1—Model description." Agricultural Systems 43, no. 3 (January 1993): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(93)90016-u.

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20

Fleming, P. J. S., J. D. Croft, and H. I. Nicol. "The impact of rabbits on a grazing system in eastern New South Wales. 2. Sheep production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 7 (2002): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01107.

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Much research, time and money have been invested in the control of rabbits in Australia, yet the relationship between rabbit density and livestock production losses has not been quantified. We experimentally investigated the variations in sheep production parameters caused by 4 densities of rabbits, 0, 24, 48 and 72 rabbits/ha. Medium to strong wool merino wethers were run at a constant stocking rate in replicated plots with rabbits at 4� different densities. Sheep liveweight and body condition and wool production variables were measured over 3�years. Low to medium densities of rabbits were no

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21

Norman, Hayley C., David G. Masters, Allan J. Rintoul, Matt G. Wilmot, Vijay Jayasena, Angelo Loi, and Clinton K. Revell. "The relative feeding value of a new pasture legume, eastern star clover (Trifolium dasyurum), compared with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum)." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 6 (2005): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04271.

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An accession of eastern star clover (Trifolium dasyurum C. Presl.), a new species to agriculture, has been identified by the National Annual Pasture Legume Improvement Program for commercial release in Australia. This paper reports the findings of an experiment designed to assess the feeding value of eastern star clover compared with a commercial cultivar of subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L. cv. Dalkeith). The hypothesis tested in this experiment is that sheep grazing eastern star clover will have similar growth rates, condition scores, and wool production to sheep grazing subterranean c

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22

Ayres, J. F., M. J. McPhee, A. D. Turner, and M. L. Curll. "The grazing value of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica) for sheep production in the northern tablelands of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 1 (2000): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99080.

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The grazing value of phalaris–white clover and tall fescue–white clover pastures was compared in a temperate summer-rainfall environment in the high rainfall zone of eastern Australia. Data were derived from an experiment which evaluated pasture cultivars when grown in binary mixtures and grazed by sheep. The data were also simulated with the decision support system SheepO (Version 4.0) and validated by visual techniques, deviance measures, and statistical tests. The model generally simulated green biomass, liveweight gain, and clean fleece weight with acceptable accuracy. Pasture based on tal

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23

Morcombe, PW, and JG Allen. "Improving production from September-born Merino lambs with a lupin grain supplement and phomopsis-resistant lupin stubbles." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 6 (1993): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930713.

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As a means of providing nutrition on dry pasture in the wheatbelt of Western Australia, supplements of lupin grain were fed to late-born Merino lambs and their dams before weaning onto lupin stubble. Each ewe-lamb pair consumed an average 19.5 kg lupin grain over the 46 days before weaning. This produced an extra 3.6 kg (P<0.01) liveweight gain by these lambs compared with their unsupplemented cohorts at weaning. The growth of the weaned lambs grazing phomopsis-resistant lupin stubbles was primarily influenced by the amount of residual lupin grain available to each sheep and liver injury ca

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24

Doran-Browne, Natalie, Ralph Behrendt, Ross Kingwell, and Richard Eckard. "Modelling the potential of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) to reduce methane emissions and increase production on wool and prime lamb farm enterprises." Animal Production Science 55, no. 9 (2015): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13543.

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Анотація:

In Australia in 2011 the Federal government introduced a voluntary offset scheme called the Carbon Farming Initiative, which allows farmers to receive carbon credits when they reduce or sequester greenhouse gas emissions. Various mitigation options have since been explored for their potential to reduce on-farm greenhouse gas emissions. Among these is the use of alternative pastures that lower methane (CH4) production of grazing animals such as Lotus corniculatus, a legume that contains condensed tannins that inhibit the formation of CH4 in the rumen. Lotus has other benefits for sheep producti

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25

Franklin-McEvoy, J., W. D. Bellotti, and D. K. Revell. "Supplementary feeding with grain improves the performance of sheep grazing saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) in autumn." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 8 (2007): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06149.

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Анотація:

Merino wethers aged 1.5 years grazed a saltland pasture comprising old man saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) with an inter-row of senesced grasses and medic for 6 weeks in autumn, in a cereal–livestock zone with a Mediterranean-type environment in South Australia. The experimental treatments were a control (old man saltbush, SB), supplementation with 250 g/sheep.day barley straw (SB + S), supplementation with 250 g/sheep.day barley grain (SB + G) and supplementation with 250 g/sheep.day barley straw + 250 g/sheep.day barley grain (SB + S + G). The sheep in SB + G finished the experimental period

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26

Brown, D. J., A. A. Swan, J. S. Gill, A. J. Ball, and R. G. Banks. "Genetic parameters for liveweight, wool and worm resistance traits in multi-breed Australian meat sheep. 1. Description of traits, fixed effects, variance components and their ratios." Animal Production Science 56, no. 9 (2016): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14787.

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Анотація:

Sheep breeders in Australia that focus on lamb production simultaneously breed sheep that have higher growth rate, improved carcass quality and are resistant to internal parasites. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for 11 traits recorded in Australian meat sheep, covering liveweight, carcass and internal parasite resistance traits. As the population of meat sheep in this database have become increasingly crossbred this study also investigates the genetic variation within and between breeds. The data comprised 1 046 298 animals from 149 Poll Dorset, 17 Suffolk, 24 T

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27

Bowman, P. J., D. H. White, D. J. Cottle, and A. C. Bywater. "Simulation of wool growth rate and fleece characteristics of Merino sheep in Southern Australia. Part 2—Assessment of biological components of the model." Agricultural Systems 43, no. 3 (January 1993): 301–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(93)90017-v.

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28

Cobon, David H., Grant S. Stone, John O. Carter, Joe C. Scanlan, Nathan R. Toombs, Xike Zhang, Jacqui Willcocks, and Greg M. McKeon. "The climate change risk management matrix for the grazing industry of northern Australia." Rangeland Journal 31, no. 1 (2009): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj08069.

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Анотація:

The complexity, variability and vastness of the northern Australian rangelands make it difficult to assess the risks associated with climate change. In this paper we present a methodology to help industry and primary producers assess risks associated with climate change and to assess the effectiveness of adaptation options in managing those risks. Our assessment involved three steps. Initially, the impacts and adaptation responses were documented in matrices by ‘experts’ (rangeland and climate scientists). Then, a modified risk management framework was used to develop risk management matrices

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29

Norman, Hayley C., Angelo Loi, Matt G. Wilmot, Allan J. Rintoul, Bradley J. Nutt, and Clinton K. Revell. "Sheep grazing bladder clover (Trifolium spumosum L.) had similar productivity and meat quality to sheep grazing subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)." Animal Production Science 53, no. 3 (2013): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12185.

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Анотація:

An accession of bladder clover, a new species to agriculture, was selected for commercial release in Australia with the cultivar name of AGWEST Bartolo. As part of a duty-of-care assessment, we tested the hypothesis that sheep grazing the bladder clover cultivar will have similar liveweight, condition scores and wool production to sheep grazing a widely adopted subterranean clover cultivar (cv. Dalkeith). Further, we hypothesised that sheep grazing bladder clover and subterranean clover will have similar meat quality (after 48 days of grazing) and health as indicated by muscle, liver and kidne

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30

Ochoa Cordero, Manuel, César A. Meza Herrera, Juan M. Vázquez García, Caroline A. Stewart, César A. Rosales Nieto, Ana E. Ochoa Alfaro, Ian W. Purvis, Venancio Cuevas Reyes, Héctor A. Lee Rangel, and Graeme B. Martin. "Pregnancy and Litter Size, But Not Lamb Sex, Affect Feed Intake and Wool Production by Merino-Type Ewes." Animals 9, no. 5 (May 3, 2019): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9050214.

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Two experiments (Australia and Mexico) tested whether feed intake (FI) and wool production (WP) are affected by pregnancy (PRG), litter size (LZ), or lamb sex (LS) in Merino-type ewes. In Experiment-1, ewes were either not pregnant (NPR; n = 6), or carrying 1 (PR1; n = 7) or 3 (PR3; n = 11) fetuses, were studied in individual pens. NPR ewes had lower (p < 0.02) FI throughout PRG and lactation (LAC), except around lambing (p < 0.001). Following lambing, FI increased in PRG ewes (p < 0.001) to double the values in NPR ewes. PRG reduced WP (p < 0.001); in PR3, WP was lower than for bo

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Hynd, P. I., A. Hughes, C. R. Earl, and N. M. Penno. "Seasonal changes in the morphology of wool follicles in Finewool and Strongwool Merino strains grazing at different stocking rates in southern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 7 (1997): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97001.

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An experiment was conducted to determine the impact of stocking rate and Merino strain on follicle morphology before and after the break of the season in the highly seasonal Mediterranean environment of southern Australia. Groups of Finewool and Strongwool Merino sheep were allocated to 9 stocking rates on mixed legume-grass pastures, and skin biopsy samples were taken at monthly intervals from February to June. A scoring system, based on the morphology of follicles in transverse section, was used to characterise these samples. The proportion of follicles classified as ‘normal’ dropped markedl

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Godfrey, Sosheel S., Thomas Nordblom, Ryan H. L. Ip, Susan Robertson, Timothy Hutchings, and Karl Behrendt. "Drought Shocks and Gearing Impacts on the Profitability of Sheep Farming." Agriculture 11, no. 4 (April 18, 2021): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040366.

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The resilience and profitability of livestock production in many countries can be impacted by shocks, such as drought and market shifts, especially under high debt levels. For farmers to remain profitable through such uncertainty, there is a need to understand and predict a farming business’s ability to withstand and recover from such shocks. This research demonstrates the use of biophysical modelling linked with copula and Monte Carlo simulation techniques to predict the risks faced by a typical wool and meat lamb enterprise in South-Eastern Australia, given the financial impacts of different

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Johnston, W. H., P. S. Cornish, and V. F. Shoemark. "Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. complex pastures in southern New South Wales, Australia: a comparison with Medicago sativa L. and Phalaris aquatica L. pastures under rotational grazing." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 4 (2005): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03117.

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A grazing experiment conducted in Wagga Wagga (New South Wales) from September 1993 to September 1998 compared the productivity of pastures containing 3 palatable types of summer-active Eragrostis curvula complex, with pastures containing either Medicago sativa or Phalaris aquatica. Issues relating to the management of E. curvula pastures were also investigated. Herbage growth rates of the P. aquatica and M. sativa pastures were highest in winter and spring; E. curvula pastures were most productive in summer and autumn. Stocking rates equivalent to 30–40 dry sheep were carried by the pastures

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Scott, J. M., K. Behrendt, A. Colvin, F. Scott, L. M. Shakhane, C. Guppy, J. Hoad, et al. "Integrated overview of results from a farmlet experiment which compared the effects of pasture inputs and grazing management on profitability and sustainability." Animal Production Science 53, no. 8 (2013): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12284.

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The Cicerone Project conducted a grazed farmlet experiment on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, from July 2000 to December 2006, to address questions raised by local graziers concerning how they might improve the profitability and sustainability of their grazing enterprises. This unreplicated experiment examined three management systems at a whole-farmlet scale. The control farmlet (farmlet B) represented typical management for the region, with flexible rotational grazing and moderate inputs. A second farmlet (farmlet A) also used flexible rotational grazing but had a high

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Bartolomei, Paolo, Stefano Cecchini, Stefano Cini, Menotti Galli, Roberto Gaimpieri, Cinzia Mongardi, Teresa Nanni, and Agostino Salomoni. "Solar Flare Particle Effects and Seasonal Radiocarbon Variations in Tree Rings of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres." Radiocarbon 37, no. 2 (1995): 593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200031088.

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Measurements of ∆14C and δ13C, separately in early wood and late wood of two Mediterranean pine species, with a nearly year-long growth season, were made to better define possible solar flare particle effects. The measurements were made for suitable periods around the years of big flares (e.g., 1942, 1946, 1989) in Pinus pinea of the Adriatic area and Pinus halepensis from South Australia. We found that the 14C concentration is consistently greater in early wood than in late wood of the same growth ring and considerably higher in the Australian samples than in the European samples. The data so

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McGrath, Shawn R., Cesar S. Pinares-Patiño, Scott E. McDonald, John A. Kirkegaard, Richard J. Simpson, and Andrew D. Moore. "Utilising dual-purpose crops in an Australian high-rainfall livestock production system to increase meat and wool production. 1. Forage production and crop yields." Animal Production Science 61, no. 11 (2021): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an20432.

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Context Growing of dual-purpose crops for grazing by livestock has increased in popularity in the high-rainfall zone of southern Australia, a livestock production zone traditionally based on permanent perennial grass species. Aims A systems experiment examined the impact on pasture forage availability, sheep grazing days and crop yields when one-third of a farmlet was sown to dual-purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) crops. Methods The experiment comprised nine experimental units (farmlets) divided into three treatments with three replicate farmlets per treatment

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McGrath, S. R., R. Behrendt, M. A. Friend, and A. D. Moore. "Utilising dual-purpose crops effectively to increase profit and manage risk in meat production systems." Animal Production Science 61, no. 11 (2021): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an20495.

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Dual-purpose cropping (sowing crops with the intention of both grazing them during vegetative growth and harvesting grain thereafter) has become a widespread farming practice in southern Australia. This synopsis paper integrates research from a multi-institutional research project conducted at three nodes located near Hamilton (south-western Victoria), Wagga Wagga (southern NSW) and Canberra (ACT), and sets out 11 principles for the effective utilisation of dual-purpose crops in meat production systems to increase profit and manage risk. Dual-purpose crops can be used to overcome feed quality

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Badgery, W. B., G. D. Millar, D. L. Michalk, P. Cranney, and K. Broadfoot. "The intensity of grazing management influences lamb production from native grassland." Animal Production Science 57, no. 9 (2017): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15866.

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The intensity of grazing management required for optimal pasture and animal production from heterogeneous native grasslands has received little research in the high-rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia. The aim of this experiment was to determine how the intensity of grazing management, from continuous grazing (P01) to flexible 4- and 20-paddock rotational systems (P04 and P20), influenced the productivity and sustainability of a Merino ewe, terminal sire lamb production system run on a native grassland dominated by Microlaena stipoides and Rytidosperma spp. The present paper focuses on th

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Bell, Lindsay W., Richard C. Hayes, Keith G. Pembleton, and Cathy M. Waters. "Opportunities and challenges in Australian grasslands: pathways to achieve future sustainability and productivity imperatives." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 6 (2014): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13420.

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Grassland production systems contribute 40% to Australia’s gross agricultural production value and utilise >50% of its land area. Across this area, diverse systems exist, but these can be broadly classified into four main production systems: (i) pastoral grazing, mainly of cattle at low intensity (i.e. <0.4 dry sheep equivalents/ha) on relatively unimproved native rangelands in the arid and semi-arid regions of northern and central Australia; (ii) crop–livestock systems in the semi-arid zone where livestock graze a mixture of pastures and crops that are often integrated; (iii) high-rainf

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Brennan, R. F., and M. D. A. Bolland. "Residual values of soil-applied zinc fertiliser for early vegetative growth of six crop species." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 10 (2006): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05154.

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Zinc (Zn) oxide is the most widely used fertiliser for the predominantly acidic to neutral soils of south-western Australia. For these soils, the residual value of Zn oxide has been determined for wheat and lupin, but not for barley, oats, canola and triticale, which are also grown in the region. Just after termination of a long-term (17 year) field experiment that measured the residual value of Zn oxide for wheat, soil samples were collected from selected plots to use in 2 glasshouse experiments. The field experiment was on previously unfertilised, newly cleared duplex soil (sand with much la

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Heinrich, Ingo, and John Charles Gripper Banks. "Tree-Ring Anomalies in Toona Ciliata." IAWA Journal 27, no. 2 (2006): 213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000150.

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New increment core samples of Toona ciliata collected in the Australian tropics and subtropics compared to already existing material from the Upper Kangaroo Valley, near Sydney exhibit distinct differences in tree-ring structures. This necessitated a closer examination of the wood anatomy, possible false rings and the speciesʼ crossdating capacity in northeast Australia. During tree-ring analysis two growth anomalies (extensive zones of narrow and indistinct rings) and three types of false rings were discovered which complicated crossdating. However, in growth experiments only one type of fals

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Raymond, C. A., and A. Muneri. "Effect of fertilizer on wood properties of Eucalyptus globulus." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-186.

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The effects of N and P fertilizers applied to Eucalyptus globulus Labill. at plantation establishment on basic density, fibre length, fibre coarseness, predicted pulp yield, and N and P concentration in the wood were examined by sampling four fertilizer factorial trials: three in Victoria and one in Western Australia. Treatments sampled were control, maximum levels of N and P by themselves and combined. Growth responses varied across sites with significant growth responses at the Victorian sites but no response at the Western Australian site. An interaction was suggested between rainfall and t

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43

Masters, D. G., G. Mata, C. K. Revell, R. H. Davidson, H. C. Norman, B. J. Nutt, and V. Solah. "Effects of Prima gland clover (Trifolium glanduliferum Boiss cv. Prima) consumption on sheep production and meat quality." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 3 (2006): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05036.

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Gland clover (Trifolium glanduliferum Boiss) is a recently introduced and released clover species for use in Mediterranean agricultural systems in southern Australia. There is little information on the expected animal production from this pasture plant although it is known to contain coumarins. Coumarins may have a direct effect on the production of grazing ruminants through a reduction in feed intake and may also have the ability to influence the flavour and odour of meat. In this study, Merino hogget ewes were grazed on eight 0.5 ha replicate plots sown to monocultures of either Prima gland

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Norman, Francis G. "Building collaborative capacity to address Australia’s growing decommissioning needs." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S334—S336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21145.

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Australia and indeed the Asia-Pacific region is facing a significant decommissioning workload. Recent work by the Centre of Decommissioning Australia (CODA) puts Australia’s potential offshore decommissioning cost at around US$40 billion and Wood Mackenzie predicting the region’s decommissioning to be in excess of US$100 billion. CODA was established in 2021 to support the coordinated effort required across the entire Australian value chain to address this immense domestic workload safely and effectively. Building on the release of the 2021 liability report, CODA, in conjunction with a number

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Heinrich, I., and J. C. G. Banks. "Dendroclimatological potential of the Australian red cedar." Australian Journal of Botany 53, no. 1 (2005): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04033.

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We examined Toona ciliata M.Roemer (Australian red cedar) for its potential to deliver annually resolved tree-ring proxy data. Such proxies are valuable and sought-after sources for reconstructing climate beyond instrumental records, especially in Australia. T. ciliata was chosen because it is one of the few deciduous tree species in Australia experiencing a seasonally dormant period of the cambium. This was confirmed by a preliminary tree-ring analysis which revealed distinct growth rings. Because of initial uncertainties regarding reliable annual growth rings in the wood of T. ciliata, a den

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Li, Y. "Technology Districts: A Growth Path for the Australian Wool Industry." Journal of the Textile Institute 88, no. 2 (January 1997): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405009708658578.

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Van Beem, D., D. Wellington, B. L. Paganoni, P. E. Vercoe, and J. T. B. Milton. "Feed efficiency for meat and wool production by Merino and F1 Dohne×Merino lambs fed pelleted diets of different nutritive value." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 7 (2008): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08063.

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There is anecdotal evidence from Western Australian breeders that Dohne sheep maintain a higher level of meat and wool production than Australian Merinos. Feed efficiency, carcass and wool attributes are moderately heritable so we hypothesised there would be differences in these traits between Merino and F1 Dohne × Merino lambs. Two groups of 15 Merino and 15 F1 Dohne × Merino wether lambs (29–40 kg) were fed a pelleted diet of either moderate or high energy and protein content for 48 days. Ad libitum pellet intake and liveweight gain were measured and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) for both

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48

Bian, L., W. J. Gapare, M. Ivković, P. Jefferson, and H. X. Wu. "Genetic variation between and within ex-situ native-provenance collections of Pinus radiata D. Don planted in Australia and New Zealand." Silvae Genetica 60, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2011): 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2011-0036.

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AbstractA total of 1226 increment cores were sampled from two provenance trials of Pinus radiata D. Don planted in New Zealand (Kaingaroa) and Australia (Kangaroovale), to study variation and inheritance of wood density in selections from three mainland California natural populations: Año Nuevo, Monterey and Cambria. The study represents a back-to-back comparison of the same provenance and family material on contrasting sites between New Zealand and Australia. Monterey was significantly different to Año Nuevo and Cambria at Kaingaroa (p<0.05), and had slightly higher density, whereas all pr

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Norton, Mark R., Denys L. Garden, Beverley A. Orchard, Philip Armstrong, and Trent Brassil. "Effects of lime, phosphorus and stocking rate on an extensively managed permanent pasture: botanical composition and groundcover." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 7 (2020): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20135.

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Low phosphorus (P) constrains productivity of many of the permanent pastures of south-eastern Australia where wool and meat production are important. Whereas the need for fertilisation with P is indisputable for many soils, the benefits of liming to ameliorate soil acidification are not always clear in terms of forage production or quality. This experiment, by measuring botanical composition and groundcover over 10 years, aimed to address the issue of forage composition and groundcover. Merino wethers were continuously grazed on a permanent pasture under two stocking rates (low and high) follo

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Bray, M., D. K. Revell, C. S. Bawden, and P. I. Hynd. "Keratin gene expression in Merino sheep with divergent wool growth." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 3 (2005): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03253.

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South Australian Merino sheep were selected on the basis of high or low estimated breeding values (EBV) for wool growth rate (W), but with similar bodyweight, follicle density, and mean fibre diameter. Differences in the level of expression of keratin genes were examined in the skin of these sheep to test the hypothesis that divergence in EBV for wool growth is related to the production of wool proteins differing in sulfur (S) content. Further, it was proposed that this differential gene expression would be most pronounced when the supply of S amino acids to the animal was increased. Sheep sel

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