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Статті в журналах з теми "Words Implied Meanings":
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I.V., Pavlichenko. "ІМПЛІЦИТНІ ЗНАЧЕННЯ ДИСКУРСУ ПОЛІЦЕЙСЬКОГО ДОПИТУ". South archive (philological sciences), № 86 (29 червня 2021): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-2691/2021-86-12.
Анотація:
The purpose of the study is to examine, investigate and analyse the implied meanings in police interrogation discourse from the perspective of the role markers of participants in communication (a police officer and an interrogated person) at the stage of pre-trial interrogation. The following research methods have been applied in the study: pragmatic and semantic analyses including the concepts of “face” and “politeness”, methods of identification of conversational implicatures to describe pragmatic indices of communicative roles; in the format of discursive analysis a special place belongs to the study of elements of the method of critical discourse analysis to identify patterns of planning and course of interrogation discourse given the factors of institutional, interpersonal and psychological contexts; elements of the method of conversational analysis of discourse to determine such parameters as paired opposing roles, relevant and preferential / non-preferential role positions. The results of the work show that the roles of an investigator and an interrogated person in the discourse of pre-trail investigation are presented in the explicit and implicit ways. The markers of the communicative role of an investigator and an interrogated person depend on the degree of implicitness or explicitness of their presentation in the interrogation. From the analysis we can conclude that the roles are most explicitly marked by lexical means reinforced by adverbs-intensifiers. Non-preferential roles of an investigator (implicit and explicit ones) at the pre-trial stage of investigation require verbal means to mitigate the ‘threat’ of the respondent (indefinite pronouns, modal verbs, idiomatic expressions that reduce the categorical nature of the accusation). More implicit presentation of communicative roles of a police officer and an interrogated person cause the use of nominalization and double negation and is a weakened kind of statement. Implicit forms of expression of the communicative roles of an interrogated person are marked by various means of syntactic and semantic-syntactic levels.Key words: discourse of pre-trial investigation, interrogation, communicative role, implicature, presupposition. Мета статті – вивчити, дослідити і проаналізувати імпліцитні значення в дискурсі поліцейського допиту на етапі досудово-го слідства з точки зору маркерів ролей учасників спілкування (слідчого та допитуваного). Матеріалом дослідження слугували транскрипти допитів на етапі досудового слідства США і Великої Британії, отримані методом суцільної вибірки. У роботі були застосовані такі методи дослідження: прагматичний та семантичний аналіз, включаючи концепти «обличчя» та «ввічливість», методи ідентифікації конверсаційних імплікатур для опису прагматичних показників комунікативних ролей; у форматі дис-курсивного аналізу особливе місце належить дослідженню елементів методу критичного аналізу дискурсу для виявлення закономірностей планування та перебігу дискурсу допиту з урахуванням факторів інституційного, міжособистісного та психо-логічного контекстів; елементи методу конверсаційного аналізу дискурсу для визначення таких параметрів, як парні зустрічні ролі, релевантні і преференційні / непреференційні рольові позиції, а також для з’ясування структуростворювального потенці-алу зміни комунікативних ролей в розвитку сценарію допиту. Результати дослідження показують, що ролі слідчого та допи-туваного в дискурсі досудового слідства можуть бути представлені експліцитно і імпліцитно. У результаті аналізу матеріалу ми приходимо до висновку, що маркери комунікативних ролей слідчого та допитуваного залежать від ступеня експліцитності й імпліцитності їх представлення у дискурсі допиту. Аналіз показав, що ролі найбільш чітко позначені лексичними засобами і прислівниками інтенсифікаторами. Непреференційні ролі слідчого (імпліцитні та експліцитні) на етапі досудового розслі-дування вимагають лінгвістичних засобів для мітігації «загрози» допитуваному (неозначені займенники, модальні дієслова, ідіоматичні вирази, що зменшують категоричність звинувачення). Більш імпліцитне програвання комунікативних ролей слід-чого та допитуваного вимагає використання номіналізації (зокрема, герундія) та подвійного заперечення і є ослабленим видом твердження. Імпліцитні форми вираження комунікативних ролей допитуваної особи відзначаються різноманітними засобами синтаксичного та семантико-синтаксичного рівнів. Ключові слова: дискурс допиту, досудове слідство, комунікативна роль, імплікатура, пресупозиція.
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Ambara, Ida Bagus Cahya, and I. Nyoman Kardana. "Function and Meaning of Penebel Society’s Prohibition." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 5, no. 2 (October 15, 2019): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.5.2.1247.177-186.
Анотація:
This research is of two objectives, which are to examine the functions of Penebel Community’s expressions of prohibition and to reveal the meanings of the expressions. This research was conducted using qualitative research design. Data were collected by visiting the farmers’ habitats, observing their activities while recording using voice memo app in gadget, and conducting interviews to confirm the researchers’ understanding of the recorded messages. Results showed that the functions of Penebel inhabitants’ expressions of prohibition are informational and directives. Meanwhile the meanings of the expressions are both explicit and implied. The explicit meaning refers to the lexical meanings of the words that form it, which can be seen in the dictionary. The implied meaning is found based on the context of its use. Instead of containing illogical meanings and are considered to be out of date with the times, these phrases of prohibition needs to be preserved by providing their comprehensible meanings to the younger generation for they are a part of living culture and language.
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Lai, Vicky Tzuyin, Roel M. Willems, and Peter Hagoort. "Feel between the Lines: Implied Emotion in Sentence Comprehension." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 8 (August 2015): 1528–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00798.
Анотація:
This study investigated the brain regions for the comprehension of implied emotion in sentences. Participants read negative sentences without negative words, for example, “The boy fell asleep and never woke up again,” and their neutral counterparts “The boy stood up and grabbed his bag.” This kind of negative sentence allows us to examine implied emotion derived at the sentence level, without associative emotion coming from word retrieval. We found that implied emotion in sentences, relative to neutral sentences, led to activation in some emotion-related areas, including the medial prefrontal cortex, the amygdala, and the insula, as well as certain language-related areas, including the inferior frontal gyrus, which has been implicated in combinatorial processing. These results suggest that the emotional network involved in implied emotion is intricately related to the network for combinatorial processing in language, supporting the view that sentence meaning is more than simply concatenating the meanings of its lexical building blocks.
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Aslam, Aisha, and Saba Chaman. "Semantic Change in Words Borrowed From English to Urdu." International Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v12i1.15855.
Анотація:
The research investigates the semantic change in words borrowed from English to Urdu from a pragmatic perspective. The data for the research were collected through a questionnaire from one hundred volunteers from four universities of Pakistan. The analysis was done both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results revealed the new meanings of the English borrowed words used in Urdu. The quantitative analysis revealed about 69% of the words analyzed in the research did not imply the English dictionary meanings of these words. Additionally, the results depicted that for 11 out of 16 words analyzed, more than 70% of the participants of the questionnaire chose completely changed meanings when the words are used in the Urdu language. Words like ‘light, ‘press’, and ‘paste’ have undergone a significant semantic change as in Urdu, these words mainly mean ‘electricity’, ‘to iron’, and ‘to brush’ respectively. Hence it may be argued that a substantial semantic change has occurred in the words borrowed from English into Urdu. The qualitative analysis proposed how those changes may have happened. It also strengthened the idea that the meanings may not be taken as isolated concepts; rather they are formed in a context depending on the implied meaning of the speaker.
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Bariki, Ozidi. "L'implicite culturel dans la traduction." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 53, no. 2 (November 29, 2007): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.53.2.03bar.
Анотація:
Implied meaning is not an inherent part of translation, but it is important all the same as no one says everything while speaking. Implied messages are often perceived through shared experiences. To decode and encode an implied cultural meaning calls for a thorough understanding of that culture. The translator should be able to distinguish a consciously implied meaning from an unconscious one. In the former, the locutor passes on the message indirectly but is not ready to accept responsibility for the implied meaning. In the second case, the locutor has no intention to deliberately hide his intentions behind the words. However, this can lead to intercultural communication problems. To my mind, the attitude of a translator to these implied meanings is this: be as faithful as possible to the spirit of the deliberately hidden message, but be more explicit where the implied meaning seems to have been hidden unconsciously. There is however need for caution as the translator cannot be too sure of knowing the attitude of the author all the time.
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DEÁK, GEDEON O., and GAYATHRI NARASIMHAM. "Young children's flexible use of semantic cues to word meanings: converging evidence of individual and age differences." Journal of Child Language 41, no. 3 (May 7, 2013): 511–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500091200075x.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTA new test of children's flexible use of semantic cues for word learning extended previous results. In Experiment 1, three- to five-year-olds (N=51) completed two tests of interpreting several novel words for the same stimulus arrays. Within-sentence phrasal cues implied different stimulus referent properties. Children's cue-using flexibility in the new Flexible Induction of Meanings [Words for Animates] test (FIM-An) was strongly correlated with an established test (Flexible Induction of Meanings [Words for Objects]; Deák, 2000). Individual children showed between-test consistency in using cues to flexibly assign words to different referent properties. There were large individual differences, as well as limited age differences, in the distribution of flexible and inflexible response patterns. The comprehensibility of specific cues, and perceptual salience of specific properties, explained much of the variance. Proportions of flexible and inflexible patterns shifted with age. Experiment 2 replicated these results in N=36 three- and four-year-olds, using a modified FIM-An with more distinctive cues.
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Oluoch, Monica Oloo. "Implicatures Used to Communicate Meanings in Sermons: A Study of Pentecostal Churches in Eldoret, Kenya." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 5 (May 31, 2020): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.5.14.
Анотація:
Implicatures are taken to be the meanings that arise due to the flouting of any of the maxims of the Cooperative Principle. The maxims are flouted in order to communicate a meaning beyond the literal meaning of the words used. This paper examines the implicatures used to convey meanings in sermons from selected Pentecostal churches in Eldoret town, Kenya. The research assumed that preachers perform various speech acts but at times they do not get the desired response. It was guided by the Speech Acts theory and the Cooperative Principle. Data for the study was collected using camcorder video recording and participant observation. The data from the camcorder was transcribed word-for-word and then analysed at the level of speech acts and implicatures. The relevant texts were extracted from the selected sermons to illustrate the speech acts and implicatures identified. It was revealed that preachers flout the maxims in order to communicate implied meanings. Preachers use repetition of words and phrases to flout the quantity maxim. In this way, they are able to communicate and reinforce messages to their congregations. Preachers also flout the quality maxim to underscore some of the weaknesses of Christians that make them prone to mistakes or sin. They emphasize these implicatures by making references to examples of characters in the Bible who were not careful in their spiritual walk and who subsequently ended up in a bad place. The relevance maxim is flouted through reference to contextual information in order to strengthen the main message in the sermon. Lastly, the manner maxim is flouted through the use of obscurities in communication, which in themselves represent a lack of spiritual steadiness. It is recommended that the examination of implicatures should be replicated in other Christian denominations and other major world religions to illustrate the communicative strategies used in religious discourse.
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Gelman, Susan A., and Ellen M. Markman. "Implicit contrast in adjectives vs. nouns: implications for word-learning in preschoolers." Journal of Child Language 12, no. 1 (February 1985): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900006279.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTOn some views of language, when one uses a term to describe or label an object, a contrast is always implied. However, there is an important difference between nouns and adjectives in their contrastive use: adjectives imply a contrast between members of a single noun category, whereas nouns do not imply a contrast between members of a single adjective category. For example, describing a car as new suggests a contrast with other cars. However, labelling it as a car does not as clearly imply a contrast with other new objects. There is no logical necessity for this distinction – it is not captured by the literal meanings of words. Yet it is a conceptual distinction implicit in the use of these terms. In two studies, we tested preschool children's appreciation for this conceptual distinction, using both familiar and unfamiliar words. In Study I, 4-year-olds (but not 3-year-olds) were able to disambiguate the meanings of simple nouns and adjectives by assuming that the adjectives, unlike the nouns, implied a contrast between category members. In Study II, children selected pictures to match totally novel adjectives and nouns (e.g. the fep one, the skub). Relying on part of speech alone, they interpreted these unfamiliar nouns and adjectives differently. Implications for children's use of referential language and word-learning strategies are discussed.
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Tian, Chuanmao. "On the Translation of Plant Images in Li Sao (离骚)". IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies 13, № 1 (5 листопада 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v13.n1.p1.
Анотація:
<p>Li Sao is the most important part of Chu Ci or The Songs of the South which occupies an important place in Chinese literature. There are many cultural images in Chu Ci, especially Li Sao, and plant images constitute the main body of the cultural images in the classic. They convey both literal and implicit meanings. In other words, poet Qu Yuan uses them to symbolize good or bad things in the source text. The implied meaning of the plant images can only be grasped by putting them into the specific context. The translations in this study use various translating methods such as interpretation and annotation to represent the symbolic meanings of the plant images, but sometimes it is seen that the translators fail to convey the original meaning correctly. It is assumed that only by achieving optimal relevance can target readers understand the original images easily.</p>
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Michiharu, Itō. "20. The Character of Xuci as Seen in the Oracle Inscriptions." Early China 9, S1 (1986): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800003072.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTBased on a careful analysis of the words hui and wei in the oracle inscriptions, the author comes to the conclusion that they are most naturally explained as grammatic particles (xuci). Hui should be interpreted as highlighting that which is the main interest of the inquiry. Wei is very similar in meaning and grammatic function, but not in nuance of connotation; while hui is “closely connected with the manner of affirmation” and occurs mostly in divinations of a positive nature, wei tends to occur in a context of negation and inauspiciousness.The distribution of the two particles through the inscription record, however, is uneven: hui scarcely occurs in the oracle bones of Tung Tso-pin's Period II, while wei is virtually absent in Periods III and IV. Yet continuous developments of meanings can be traced throughout the epigraphic record -- including the oracle bones from Anyang and Zhou yuan as well as the bronze inscriptions. Wei by Period V has developed into a marker of words of time reference. Shang xuci are more restricted than later ones both in their range of occurrence and in their implied meanings.
Дисертації з теми "Words Implied Meanings":
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Wallin, Gustaf, and Jonathan Jaginder. "Swedish EFL Students' Awareness of Connotations : A quantitative and qualitative study on students' awareness of connotations." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44817.
Анотація:
This study aimed to analyse Swedish EFL students' efficiency on connotations. Connotation isa word's implied meaning which brings neutral, positive, or negative associations in aconversation. In this study, connotations were examined in terms of their appropriateness ifused in different contexts. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether Swedishstudents of an intermediate level showed sufficient skills in comprehending a word'sappropriateness when compared to a native speaker. Furthermore, this study also aimed toanalyse in what ways students engaged in English during their spare time show a correlation tohigher test scores. The results indicate that the Swedish students' combined score on theconnotation test showed less than half of the full score. The results also highlight that thestudents who are engaged in English more frequently compared to those who are not showedhigher test scores.
Книги з теми "Words Implied Meanings":
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Brownlee, Victoria. ‘By moste sweete and comfortable allegories’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812487.003.0005.
Анотація:
The Song of Songs, as a poetic dialogue between two lovers, presented literally minded biblical commentators with a thorny exegetical dilemma: either accept the presence of a purely erotic text in scripture, or make the case for a literal reading that was figurative. Like early modern exegesis of the Song, poetic recapitulations of this biblical book, such as those by William Baldwin, Francis Quarles, and Robert Aylett, rely on complex figural reading practices to substantiate a spiritual meaning not directly implied by the biblical text. But this dependence on human words to secure the relationship between sign and spiritually signified exposes reformed anxieties about the inherently fallen nature of the human mind, and the broader inadequacy of language to articulate spiritual truth.
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Wedgwood, Ralph. Is Rationality Normative? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802693.003.0002.
Анотація:
In its original meaning, the word ‘rational’ referred to the faculty of reason—the capacity for reasoning. It is undeniable that the word later came also to express a normative concept—the concept of the proper use of this faculty. Does it express a normative concept when it is used in formal theories of rational belief or rational choice? Reasons are given for concluding that it does express a normative concept in these contexts. But this conclusion seems to imply that we ought always to think rationally. Four objections can be raised. (1) What about cases where thinking rationally has disastrous consequences? (2) What about cases where we have rational false beliefs about what we ought to do? (3) ‘Ought’ implies ‘can’—but is it true that we can always think rationally? (4) Rationality requires nothing more than coherence—but why does coherence matter?
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Johnson, Galen A., Mauro Carbone, and Emmanuel de Saint Aubert. Merleau-Ponty's Poetic of the World. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823288137.001.0001.
Анотація:
Merleau-Ponty’s Poetics of the World offers detailed studies of the philosopher’s engagements with Proust, Claudel, Claude Simon, André Breton, Mallarmé, Francis Ponge, and more. From Proust, Merleau-Ponty developed his conception of “sensible ideas,” from Claudel, his conjoining of birth and knowledge as “co-naissance,” from Valéry came “implex” or the “animal of words” and the “chiasma of two destinies.” Thus also arise the questions of expression, metaphor, and truth and the meaning of a Merleau-Pontyan poetics. The poetic of Merleau-Ponty is, inseparably, a poetic of the flesh, a poetic of mystery, and a poetic of the visible in its relation to the invisible. This poetics is worked out across each co-author’s chapters in dialogue with Husserl, Walter Benjamin, Heidegger, and Sartre. A new optic proposes the conception of literature as a visual “apparatus” in relation to cinema and screens. Recent transcriptions of Merleau-Ponty’s first two 1953 courses at the Collège de France The Sensible World and the World of Expression and Research on the Literary Usage of Language, as well as the course of 1953–54, The Problem of Speech, lend timeliness, urgency and energy to this project. Our goal is to specify more precisely the delicate nature and properly philosophical function of literary works in Merleau-Ponty’s thought as the literary writer becomes a partner of the phenomenologist. Ultimately, theoretical figures that appear at the threshold between philosophy and literature enable the possibility of a new ontology. What is at stake is the very meaning of philosophy itself and its mode of expression.
Частини книг з теми "Words Implied Meanings":
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Pesaro, Nicoletta. "Another Type of ‘Old Tales Retold’." In Translating Wor(l)ds. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-311-3/005.
Анотація:
This papers deals with Zhang Ailing’s (1920-1995) posthumous novel, Xiao tuanyuan 小团圆 (Little Reunions), written in the ’70s of the last century but completed just before her death, finally published only in 2009, which is an example of the continuous manipulation of the same narrative materials used in previous works, and re-presented here through a politics of self-translation and self-intertextuality. In translating this novel one is confronted with a complex “mosaic of quotations” as Kristeva says, and self-quotations, and is dragged into a forest of meanings derived from the juxtaposition of a variety of external ‘voices’ that mix up with the internal voice of the author. This Bachtinian or babelian quality of the novel, in other words its pluri- and interdiscursivity, challenges the translator, who is called not only to reconstruct the original sources of the allusions, but is also caught between the need of disambiguation and the respect of the intertextual connections implied by the text; he/she has also to cope with the deliberate narrative fragmentation adopted by Zhang.
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Wiener, Harvey S. "Words, The Magic Kingdom." In Any Child Can Read Better. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195102185.003.0007.
Анотація:
When Alice faces the extraordinary Wonderland notions of saying what you mean and meaning what you say, she confronts language's great potential and disappointment. Words should, but do not always, mean what they say; and we who use them do not always produce what we mean. If only we could point to a direct correspondence between each word and only one exact meaning! Reading would simplify in a flash. Ah, but what we might gain in exactness and dazzling clarity, surely we would lose in flexibility, nuance, suggestiveness, and contextual richness. It's good that words have such a wide range of meanings and uses; as such they enrich our capabilities as earths highest life forms and its most competent communicators. Knowing the possibilities of language, understanding the many qualities of words and how our language depends on them, can enhance your child's attempts to determine meaning from print. In the long climb up the mountain to word mastery, a major feature of language that you can help your youngster understand is that words often mean more than they say. Certainly, words have denotative meanings. That is, words have exact definitions that you could check easily in a dictionary. A jeep is a heavy-duty, four-wheeled vehicle. A communist is someone who believes in a social and political system characterized by common ownership and labor organized for the common good. A frigate is a high-speed, medium-sized war vessel of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. Yet each of these words has connotative meanings as well. What a word connotes is what it suggests or implies beyond its actual meaning—including the associations and feelings aroused by the word. A jeep is more than a motor vehicle with four-wheel drive; its connection with the military and rugged outdoor life suggests certain associations—rough riding, speed, even danger perhaps. Your son or daughter might like to ride to school in a jeep just for the fun of it, but you'd have 'been puzzled (to say nothing of your parents!) if your date for the senior prom honked the jeep horn outside your front door when he arrived to pick you up.
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Sampson, Fiona. "Abstract Form." In Lyric Cousins. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474402927.003.0003.
Анотація:
This chapter explores the abstract form in poetry. For a poet, the notion that abstract form — not ‘meaning’, but pure shape — can play a key role in what they write is seductive. On the one hand, it implies the possibility of developing and experimenting with the kinds of sophisticated formal patterning that we traditionally associate with verse, such as the way stanzas ‘chunk’ a ballad's story, or a rhyme scheme creates a network of meanings that crisscross and link up within a poem. On the other hand, it also appeals to something more primitive. For it suggests that poets can — and perhaps even should — do what could best be described as ‘play’. It implies that they might ‘go by feel’, making judgements — for example about where to end a piece — that are not based purely on semantic logic but pay attention to what ‘feels right for’, or ‘works for’, the poem.
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Booij, Geert. "Morphology and the architecture of grammar." In The Morphology of Dutch, 246–48. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838852.003.0008.
Анотація:
This chapter summarizes the theoretical findings of the book concerning the architecture of grammar. The notion ‘construction’, a systematic correspondence between form and meaning, appeared to be very fruitful in describing the morphology of Dutch. Paradigmatic relations between words, and between words and phrases are essential for the analysis of Dutch morphology. The interaction between inflection and derivation in Dutch implies rejection of the split morphology hypothesis. A proper theory of morphology requires us to conceive of the grammar and the lexicon of Dutch as forming a multidimensional network of relations between (morphological and phrasal) constructional schemas of various degrees of abstractness, between these abstract schemas and the individual words and phrases by which they are instantiated, and between individual words and phrases. The detailed study of one subsystem of one language, the morphology of Dutch, gives us insight into the kind of conditions of adequacy that any theory of the architecture of grammars of natural languages must meet.
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Hedman, Shawn. "Propositional logic." In A First Course in Logic. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198529804.003.0005.
Анотація:
In propositional logic, atomic formulas are propositions. Any assertion will do. For example, . . . A = “Aristotle is dead,” B = “Barcelona is on the Seine,” and C = “Courtney Love is tall” . . . are atomic formulas. Atomic formulas are the building blocks used to construct sentences. In any logic, a sentence is regarded as a particular type of formula. In propositional logic, there is no distinction between these two terms. We use “formula” and “sentence” interchangeably. In propositional logic, as with all logics we study, each sentence is either true or false. A truth value of 1 or 0 is assigned to the sentence accordingly. In the above example, we may assign truth value 1 to formula A and truth value 0 to formula B. If we take proposition C literally, then its truth is debatable. Perhaps it would make more sense to allow truth values between 0 and 1. We could assign 0.75 to statement C if Miss Love is taller than 75% of American women. Fuzzy logic allows such truth values, but the classical logics we study do not. In fact, the content of the propositions is not relevant to propositional logic. Henceforth, atomic formulas are denoted only by the capital letters A, B, C,. . . (possibly with subscripts) without referring to what these propositions actually say. The veracity of these formulas does not concern us. Propositional logic is not the study of truth, but of the relationship between the truth of one statement and that of another. The language of propositional logic contains words for “not,” “and,” “or,” “implies,” and “if and only if.” These words are represented by symbols: . . . ￢ for “not,” ∧ for “and,” ∨ for “or,” → for “implies,” and ↔ for “if and only if.” . . . As is always the case when translating one language into another, this correspondence is not exact. Unlike their English counterparts, these symbols represent concepts that are precise and invariable. The meaning of an English word, on the other hand, always depends on the context.
6
Taylor, David Francis. "The Literariness of Graphic Satire." In The Politics of Parody, 3–39. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300223750.003.0001.
Анотація:
This introductory chapter discusses the literariness of graphic satire. First applied to visual satire in the mid-nineteenth century, the term graphic satire problematically implies a straightforward formal equivalence between the modern editorial cartoon and the political caricature of the Georgian period, which was published and disseminated as a single-sheet etching. However, the fallacy that such images yield their meaning directly and near instantaneously is an old one. To speak of the literariness of caricature is to recognize and attend to its syntactical and narrative structures: structures that are themselves constituted through the enmeshing of images and words; the appropriation and parody of literary scenes and tropes; and often-dense networks of allusions to other cultural texts, practices, and traditions. It is also necessary to acknowledge that a print's meaning and sociopolitical orientation comes into focus only when seen in relation to the cultural constellation of which it was a vital and highly self-conscious constituent.
7
Bou Ali, Nadia. "Why is There Lalangue Rather than Nothing? Love of Lugha and Lalangue." In Psychoanalysis and the Love of Arabic, 70–97. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474409841.003.0003.
Анотація:
The chapter argues that the work on lugha in the late nineteenth-century was driven by the need to hold laghuw at bay. Lugha in its etymology carries the meaning of laghuw: incoherent speech, babble and error.6 In Bustānī’s nineteenth-century Arabic dictionary, it also has the meaning of annulment, erasure and deletion. To be in a state of laghuw is ‘to drink endlessly without being able to quench thirst’.7 In other words, lugha oscillates between pleasure and beyond pleasure, an identifiable object of desire that it constantly addresses and makes present through speech. This would mean that lalangue would represent an adequate translation of lugha – not language as a medium for communication, but the language of the unconscious, in which there is no simple transformation of words into images (or signifier into signified). The chapter analyzes Shidyaq’s linguisteriks through a Lacanian understanding of signification which departs from both socio-linguistics and structural linguistics. Lacan’s account of language as a divisive force implies that there is something that demands to be realised in speech, which appears as intentional, of course, but has a strange temporality and does not have the form of propositional statements. The chapter argues that Bustani’s encyclopedic work and Shidyaq’s literary puns are connected by a prolepsis that characterizes modernity and collapses the distance between science and literature.
8
Diepeveen, Leonard. "Intent in Practice." In Modernist Fraud, 150–84. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825432.003.0006.
Анотація:
This chapter begins with an account of the Blind Man’s defense of Duchamp’s Fountain, using it to make a more general point that inferring intent is central to the aesthetic experience and meaning of art in general, and in highly particular ways in modernist works of art. Inferring intent is inevitable, and it is always uncertain and messy. Modernist works of art highlighted that tension, presenting unclear signs of intent and making uncertainty central to the value of their aesthetic experience. Particularly at modernism’s avant-garde edges, readers and viewers uncertainly perform intent in modernist artworks, an experience which implies a particular argument about the place of intent and fraud in aesthetic experience. The chapter ends with an inductive turn on the basis of this argument, presenting a theory of intent’s function in aesthetic experience, and its relation to ideas of aesthetic autonomy.
9
Lukić, Milica. "O vektorskom čitanju pismovnoga sustava Konstantina Ćirila." In Periferno u hrvatskom jeziku, kulturi i društvu / Peryferie w języku chorwackim, kulturze i społeczeństwie, 359–70. University of Silesia Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pn.4038.21.
Анотація:
The paper presents and interprets Constantine Cyril’s script – his Glagolitic Azbuka – from the perspective of the number, i.e. in the matrix form. The matrix interpretation implies an arrangement of letters in columns and rows, i.e. vectors, whereby vectors mean one-column matrices. Such an arrangement of ones, tens, hundreds, and thousands expressed in letters establishes new meaning relations within that script and offers its new reading as a philosophical-symbolic medium. This medium, the vectorial reading shows, demonstrates with itself the purpose of Christianisation intended for it in the 9th century, and not just with the texts realised by it; this script (even today) teaches faith in the triune Christian God – the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, the Word that has become the body and the Letter as the evangelical message and will of the Incarnate Word.
10
Pinchevski, Amit. "Conclusion: Wounding Transmissions." In Transmitted Wounds. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190625580.003.0009.
Анотація:
“Transmission” is a term used, curiously enough, in both technology and psychology. In the former, it denotes the transfer of messages from one point to another, a view that was principally theorized by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver. Technologically speaking, transmission names the conveyance of information from sender to receiver through a designated channel by means of symbols or signals. This technical formulation of transmission constitutes the operational basis of numerous media technologies. In psychology, transmission is often used to describe the way behavior and symptoms of traumatized parents are transferred to their children, causing transgenerational trauma. Such transmission can be direct or indirect, overt or covert; indeed, transmission of trauma might be the result of either over-disclosure of knowledge and facts, or of under- disclosure, even of persistent silence, which “can often communicate traumatic messages as powerfully as words.” In both technological and psychological uses, transmission denotes a unilateral handing over across space and/ or time. But clearly psychological transmission implies more than the mere delivery of messages: it involves a delivery that exceeds that of meaning or information proper, a transmission taking place as though beyond words, on the affective rather than on the cognitive level. This book has posited media as linking the two senses of transmission above by virtue of the technological capability of effecting impact in excess of message, and contact in excess of content. And nowhere are the stakes in linking technological and psychological transmissions higher than in the mediation of trauma. In this book I have advanced an argument about the deep association of media and trauma. The media discussed here—radio, videotape, television, digital, and virtual—comprise different instantiations of the mediation of trauma: the ways media technologies sustain and convey the experience of unsettling experience. Media reach to the Real, and in so doing make available a register whose registration is of corporeality itself. Bodies find expression through media in the Real, revealing materiality as a common substratum.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Words Implied Meanings":
1
He, Guoxiu, Zhe Gao, Zhuoren Jiang, Yangyang Kang, Changlong Sun, Xiaozhong Liu, and Wei Lu. "Think Beyond the Word: Understanding the Implied Textual Meaning by Digesting Context, Local, and Noise." In SIGIR '20: The 43rd International ACM SIGIR conference on research and development in Information Retrieval. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3397271.3401435.