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Статті в журналах з теми "World currency system"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 28 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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1

Liu, Fengquan. "Exchange Rate and World Currency." Advances in Politics and Economics 1, no. 1 (2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v1n1p69.

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<p><em><em>This paper explores the derivation of exchange rate and the way of world currency issuing, and some findings are captured as: the world’s currency demand is equal to the global export increment, and that every nation’s world currency needs should equal to their own export increment. Currently, there are issues with the existing world currency system, which many countries or regions call for change. Because all the existing proposals in the field have their constraints, so this paper suggests that the world central bank issuing a global currency with which each coun

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2

Kavtaradze, Nino. "CURRENCY SYSTEM AND CURRENCY TRADING OF GEORGIA." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 104, no. 1-2 (2021): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs104/1-2-70.

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The present empirical paper investigates the following issues: the formation of the Georgian currency system that started after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the country has declared its independence, establishing the National Bank of Georgia and issuing the national currency. Also is discussed financial market where foreign exchange and transaction are made. As it is known today, in the international currency market, 90% of the world market holds the FOREX (Foreign Exchange Market), which makes it the largest foreign exchange market in the world. FOREX currency traders, together with

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3

STAIGER, ROBERT W., and ALAN O. SYKES. "‘Currency manipulation’ and world trade." World Trade Review 9, no. 4 (2010): 583–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745610000340.

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AbstractCentral bank intervention in foreign exchange markets may, under some conditions, stimulate exports and retard imports. In the past few years, this issue has moved to center stage because of the foreign exchange policies of China. Numerous public officials and commentators argue that China has engaged in impermissible ‘currency manipulation’, and various proposals for stiff action against China have been advanced. This paper considers the relationship between exchange rate policy and international trade, and addresses the questions of whether and how currency manipulation should be add

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4

Sakharov, D. M. "Reserve currency competition in a polycentric world financial system." Finance: Theory and Practice 26, no. 1 (2022): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2022-26-1-6-23.

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This research is devoted to the issues of reserve currency competition in the global financial system. The paper aims to investigate key sources of competitive advantages of reserve currencies in the context of the development of the global financial system towards currency multipolarity and assess how digital transformation can affect the drivers of reserve currencies’ competitive positions in the global financial system. The author uses the following methods of scientific research: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, deduction, induction, and logical method. The article notes that the financia

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5

Abdybaly, tegin S. "The Issues of Two-tier National Currency System Establishment." Russia and New States of Eurasia, no. 4 (2022): 166–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2073-4786-2022-4-166-179.

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In the article the interaction of national currency system with world monetary system and reserve currencies is considered. The analysis of the world currency systems and substantiation of the need to change the world currency order is given. The concept of a two-level national currency system which based on the introduction of an additional gold national currency backed by gold is proposed. Such an innovation will significantly strengthen the savings function of the national currency and reduce the propensity of the population to dollarize their savings. It will also reduce the role of world

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6

Kuz'min, D. "National Competitiveness, Global Equilibrium and International Currency System." World Economy and International Relations, no. 5 (2011): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-5-17-23.

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In article the fundamental bases of formation of balance in world economy are investigated. For this purpose the author applies the device of the analysis of national competitiveness to its two subjects – to the country – emitter of reserve currency and “other world”. Long-term structural shifts in world economy and evolution of world currency system throughout last 60 years are in parallel considered. In the course of the analysis the author gives special attention to factors of consumption and import of the country-emitter of reserve currency and a level of development of the commodity marke

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7

Zharikov, M. "International Currency Conflict in the Contemporary World Monetary System." Review of Business and Economics Studies 7, no. 4 (2020): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2019-7-4-20-33.

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The article addresses international currency conflicts. The research has found that currency conflict has extensive economic effects, especially on the United States and the weak peripheral countries of the Eurozone, as well as Canada, and some other countries that do not intervene in the currency markets. The author has revealed that these developments and ill-effects of global currency manipulation stem from a gaping hole in the international economic architecture. The theoretical significance of the article’s outcomes is that the most fundamental flaw in the entire global regime encompasses

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8

Poznanić, Ljupka, Željko Jokić, and Nela Bosnić. "REATION OF A MULTICURRENCY SYSTEM IN THE WORLD." Limes-Plus 20, no. 1 (2024): 119–42. https://doi.org/10.69899/limes-plus-en-242001119p.

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Which criteria should be used to determine the value or price of goods, services, labour, and even a country’s currency to pay for them, is the question of all questions continuously asked since the introduction of trading between commodities and money up to the present day? At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century (from 1870 to 1913), gold and silver served as international standards for establishing the value of currencies worldwide. However, this standard was short-lived due to its adverse effects, primarily leading to increased unemployment among workers, but also due t

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9

Arkhipova, V. "World Financial System: Globalization or Deglobalization?" World Economy and International Relations 60, no. 5 (2016): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-5-40-49.

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The paper investigates the current phases of world financial system’s (WFS) development that was identified on the base of Obstfeld-Taylor index describing international capital movement. It is shown that in order to differentiate the main periods of WFS life-cycle one should investigate the first and the second waves of financial globalization. The respective analysis mainly includes comparison of financial deglobalization/globalization process evidences in the wake of global financial crises. On the one hand, almost all global financial markets (except global currency market) demonstrated do

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10

Zaporozhan, A. Ya. "Evolution of the Financial Market. Cryptocurrency." Administrative Consulting, no. 5 (June 7, 2018): 77–85. https://doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2018-5-77-85.

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The article is devoted to the causes of the origin, the consequences of the functioning of the crypto currency and the prospect of restructuring the modern financial system on the basis of blocking technology. The article shows that the crypto currency emerged as an evolutionary stage in the development of the world payment system, that the modern financial system is developing in a dead-end direction, that the use of crypto currency and its derivatives in practice can destroy the world payment system and world financial market from within. It is suggested that, based

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11

Mukhin, Dmitry. "An Equilibrium Model of the International Price System." American Economic Review 112, no. 2 (2022): 650–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181550.

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What explains the central role of the dollar in world trade? Will the US currency retain its dominant status in the future? This paper develops a quantitative general equilibrium framework with endogenous currency choice that can address these questions. Complementarities in price setting and input-output linkages across firms generate complementarities in currency choice making exporters coordinate on the same currency of invoicing. The dollar is more likely to play this role because of the large size of the US economy, a widespread peg to the dollar, and the history dependence in currency ch

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12

Sukhyi, Dmytro, Olha Kopylova, Uliana Motorniuk, Katerina Larionova, and Inna Klimova. "The international currency system: New challenges and opportunities in the context of global changes." Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 8, no. 6 (2024): 2522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2500.

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The purpose of the article is to analyse the reform the world monetary system and finding mechanisms for its independent regulation, the use of competitive currencies for international transactions, especially decentralized ones such as cryptocurrency, or the creation of a super-sovereign global currency, which will be independent of the politics of certain countries. The systematization, assessment and analysis of the main elements of the international monetary system was carried out by reviewing the literature of recent years and analyzing the open databases of the International Monetary Fun

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13

Purohit, Prof P. S., Sanika Dattatraya Bhosle, Ashish Hemant Ghatule, Tejaswini Vijay Kolekar, Ritesh Arvind Kataktalware, and Vishal Ramkrishna Patil. "Fake Indian Currency Detection System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 3 (2025): 2747–54. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.67938.

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Abstract: This project introduces a new method of counterfeit Indian currency detection based on machine learning. It integrates image processing methods with sound classification algorithms, and the system examines digital images of banknotes to detect inconsistencies that point to counterfeiting. The method includes image pre-processing, feature extraction. The performance of the proposed method is tested using stringent experimentation on a real and spurious Indian banknote dataset and shows promise of being useful for real-world applications in the prevention of currency forgery.

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14

Sharov, Oleksandr. "GLOBAL CRYPTOCURRENCY AS PROSPECTS FOR WORLD MONETARY SYSTEM." JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY Vol 17, Vol 17, No 1 (2018) (2018): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/jee2018.01.116.

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The cryptocurrency is a phenomenon of a modern payment system, however it is still unclear whether it is a new kind of currency at all. Most often, there are claims that this is just a financial pyramid. However, such statements do not explain the nature of cryptocurrency. In fact, from technical point of view, the cryptocurrency is simply a data chain, in which the first link contains information about its origin («mining»), and all subsequent ones - on the transition from one owner to another. This means that in the economic sense the cryptocurrency is the «bill of exchange», which is accomp

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15

Shchegoleva, Natalia, and Olga Terenteva. "World Monetary System Transformation: the Future for Crypto Currency?" Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2018, no. 2 (2018): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201825.

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Rapid spread of cryptocurrencies and the underlying technologies (blockchain) can transform the global financial system, as cryptocurrency has the potential to become a universal global currency. The article makes the conclusion concerning the timeliness and importance of cryptocurrency legitimization in Russia, which alongside the identified shortcomings contains significant competitive preferences for the banking industry, financial services market as well as for the state, drawing on quality blockchain technology mastering. The paper recommends to clarify the definition of electronic money

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16

Alamsyah, Indra Fajar, and Juliana Juliana. "Transition to A True Currency: Impact of COVID-19 on The World Currency System." Jurnal Kajian Peradaban Islam 4, no. 2 (2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47076/jkpis.v4i2.65.

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The purpose of this paper is to manifest the unrefined design of the transition of the currency system from centralized fiat money based on the US Dollar to the real currency system that relies on the precious metals-based currency after reviewing the rapid changes from the COVID-19 phenomenon to various sectors of life, including the currency system. This paper used qualitative research with a historical analysis approach or historiography that deals with precious metals-based currency in the pastime, and it is used to produce relevant analyses for the future. First, states that prefer to tra

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17

Lubkina, Maryna, and Nataly Amalyan. "CURRENCY WARS." Business, Economics, Sustainability, Leadership and Innovation, no. 8 (June 1, 2022): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37659/2663-5070-2022-8-17-25.

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The article presents an attempt to demonstrate possible outcomes of the ongoing third currency war on the basis of the analysis of the consequences of the previous two ones – the first one ending in the World War II and downfall of gold standard and the second causing the fall of Bretton Woods system.

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18

Василенко, Артур Анатолійович. "CRYPTOCURRENCY PHENOMENON IN THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM." ЕКОНОМІКА І РЕГІОН Науковий вісник, no. 3(64) (June 7, 2017): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/eir.2017.3(64).882.

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UDC 336.74  Vasylenko Artur, post-graduate student. Mariupol State University. Cryptocurrency Phenomenon in the International Monetary System. The main prerequisites of cryptocurrency emergence in the international monetary system in terms of regionalization of the world economy are defined in the article. Determination of «cryptocurrency» category was analysed from the point of two main approaches to its treatment: on the one hand cryptocurrency is admitted to be the currency equally to the sovereign currency, and on the other hand it is considered as an unrecognized virtual asset

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19

Portnoy, Mikhail. "Where leads the line of the dollar’ fate." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 2 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760015885-0.

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The lessons of interaction of commodity money (gold) and credit money (pound sterling and dollar) are considered using the case of Peel’s Act of 1844 in Great Britain and the case of Bretton Woods monetary system. The ideas of “Triffin’s dilemma”, and its significance are discussed, as well, as its negative influence on the people’s understanding of the monetary system construction. The erroneous of common world currency is discovered. The trend of national currency ascent to the status of world currency is determined as a typical way of currency development and currency competition.

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20

Ognevyi, Volodymyr. "Reform of the Global Monetary System Supranational Currency GES." Economics 14, no. 2 (2025): 22–33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eco.20251402.11.

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The current crisis of the global monetary system forces the world community to search for ways of its reform. The focus is, first of all, on the issue of a qualitatively new international currency. In the context of this problem, a project is presented for the reincarnation of the Keynesian idea of an &quot;objective standard of the value of a composite commodity&quot;, which in this case is the combined grain of the International Grains Council (IGC), with the aim of creating on its basis a supranational monetary unit GES (Grain Equivalent Standard) as an exchange rate benchmark /meas

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21

Bantorina, T., та O. Livandovska. "Cryptocurrency as the Сurrency of the Future Financial System". Modern Economics 24, № 1 (2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v24(2020)-04.

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Annotation. Introduction. At the present stage of development of the world is the rapid functioning of all spheres of society. Based on this, today society seeks to be progressive, modern, and therefore the world introduces us to a new type of money that is gaining popularity – cryptocurrency. Currently, humanity is aimed at finding a more progressive way of realization of any financial transactions with minimal risk. Now, the cryptocurrency is in the same city, where was the first paper money during the popularization of the concept of “printing money”. That is why, after a certain period of

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22

Herr, Hansjörg. "Deregulierung, Globalisierung und Deflation." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 34, no. 134 (2004): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v34i134.639.

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Over the last decades, the economic regime changed substantially. The world economy developed from a hegemonic monetary system to a multi-currency system with intensive currency competition. With the breakdown of the Bretton-Woods System the nominal exchange-rate anchor collapsed, capital controls were reduced substantially, dollarisation increased, current account imbalances and debt in foreign currency exploded. Last but not least, labour markets were deregulated and the nominal wage anchor for the price level weakened. All these factors will lead to an increased danger of a deflationary wor

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23

Sissoko, Carolyn. "The Nature of Money in a Convertible Currency World." Review of Economic Analysis 13, no. 1 (2021): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/rea.v13i1.1771.

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In a world where the means of exchange is convertible into the numeraire consumption good at a fixed rate, no one wants to hold money over time – and due to convertibility there is no means by which the Friedman rule can generate deflation. This is the environment we study in this paper in order to demonstrate that there is still a way to reach the first-best: institutionalize the naked shorting of the unit of account, or in other words establish a banking system. To motivate the benefits of a banking system, the environment has real productivity shocks that are constantly changing the o

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24

Burlachkov, V. "The Reform of Global Currency System and Implementation of Economic Invariant." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1 (January 20, 2012): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2012-1-151-154.

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25

Mirović, Ivan, and Vesna Petrović. "The future of the dollar as a world reserve currency in new international circumstances." Ekonomski signali 18, no. 2 (2023): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekonsig2302069m.

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The US dollar is the world's reserve currency, and it is also the currency most often used for trade and other international transactions. Due to the current geopolitical, economic and monetary developments, it is evident that a large number of countries are looking for ways to move away from the dominance of the dollar, as the leading world currency. The risk of de-dollarization has increased recently, partly due to the current Russian-Ukrainian crisis, as well as American economic sanctions against certain countries, and partly due to the growing role of the BRICS countries in the world econ

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26

Khudzhatov, M. B., and V. Y. Vakhrushev. "Current problems of currency operations in foreign economic activities." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 3 (March 28, 2023): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2303-01.

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International trade in goods is one of the most important tools for the development of the world economy. International trade meets the needs of the countries of the world in various goods, the production of which is absent in this country or does not fully satisfy domestic demand. Almost all countries in the world are interested in the development of international trade in goods. On the one hand, countries provide domestic needs through international trade. On the other hand, commodity supplies to international markets contribute to the infl ow of foreign exchange earnings into the country, t

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27

Eichengreen, Barry. "International Liquidity in a Multipolar World." American Economic Review 102, no. 3 (2012): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.3.207.

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Today's global monetary and financial system, to a remarkable extent, continues to rely on the U.S. dollar for international liquidity. This reflects the currency's historic role, the liquidity of American financial markets, and the absence of alternatives. But with the emergence of emerging markets, the capacity of the United States to provide safe assets will be outstripped by the growth of international transactions. It is thus likely that other large economies, presumably Europe and China, will eventually join the United States as sources of international liquidity and that other currencie

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28

Natallios Peter Sipasulta, Anacostia Kowanda, and Dionysia Kowanda. "THE POTENTIAL POSITION OF THE YUAN AND RUBEL CURRENCY TO REPLACE THE AMERICAN DOLLAR AS THE WORLD'S STRONGEST CURRENCY." International Journal Multidisciplinary Science 2, no. 2 (2023): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.56127/ijml.v2i2.743.

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It has been decades where world trade is controlled and dominated by the power of the American dollar currency as the world's main currency in carrying out and conducting world trade transactions, until one day when the American president named Richard Nixon stated that the American dollar currency was no longer become the main currency in world trade, and the countries of the world can use their currency to trade freely. Then it was discovered and developed the Swift system which was eventually used as a weapon by the United States to carry out a world trade pattern where the American dollar

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29

Qiu, Haiping, and Min Zhao. "The US dollar and new imperialism under the logic of capital accumulation." China Political Economy 2, no. 1 (2019): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-04-2019-0013.

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Purpose The world currency is endowed with two inherent contradictions, namely, the general contradiction of all currencies and the special contradiction between the quality and quantity of the world currency. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In the wake of the Second World War, the USA, with its strong economic and military strength, established an international monetary system centered on the US dollar (USD). This gave USD the status of “world currency” and bounded it to the US imperialist hegemony with mutual integration and interaction, making it possible

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30

Bunich, Galina A. "PROSPECTS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE BRICS COUNTRIES’ SETTLEMENT SYSTEM." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 4/5, no. 145 (2024): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.04.05.008.

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Анотація:

The transformation of the world economy, the global monetary and financial system and global geopolitical changes determine the desire of countries with similar strategic goals to create international economic unions. The subject of the study is the totality of economic relations in the system of international settlements of the BRICS countries. The informal club of BRICS countries has united developing countries with dynamically developing innovative economies. The club, which has been operating for almost 20 years, has not been able to achieve effective economic integration of the participat

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31

Seetharaman, A., A. S. Saravanan, Nitin Patwa, and Jigar Mehta. "Impact of Bitcoin as a World Currency." Accounting and Finance Research 6, no. 2 (2017): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v6n2p230.

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Анотація:

In an era of technology advancement when the entire world is talking about the “Internet of Things” whereby we are expected to have connectivity between anything and everything, Currency cannot be left behind. Paper currency is bound to be a thing of past, as virtual currencies will start taking over and Bitcoin is well poised to achieve this feat. Not only it will revolutionize the way payments are made, but also have potential to impact the future of world currencies like USD, which is already facing challenges from EURO or Chinese Yuan Renminbi (CNY). The rise of crypto-currencies will add

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32

Yonanda, Fakri. "THE IMPACT OF CRYPTOCURRENCY ON THE WORLD ECONOMY." Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen 3, no. 1 (2025): 469–78. https://doi.org/10.51622/jbm.v3i1.2682.

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Анотація:

The development of the world economy, especially in Indonesia, cannot be separated from the element of information technology. The development of information technology will be related to all fields including the financial sector. Cryptocurrency or often referred to as virtual/digital currency is the result of the development of financial technology. Digital currency is starting to be widely used as a means of payment on the internet. The purpose of this currency is to provide convenience and security in payments. With the Blockchain technology in it, it makes transaction costs cheaper. Howeve

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33

Maddu, Sai Naga Veera Bhadra Rao, and Sai Gowtham Nunna. "Efficient currency recognition and value detection system using image processing." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 1 (2024): 241–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14197193.

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Анотація:

In recent years, there has been a growing demand for automated currency recognition and value detection systems to streamline the processes of cash handling and financial transactions. Image processing techniques have emerged as a promising approach to automate these tasks. This paperwork presents an efficient currency recognition and value detection system based on image processing techniques. The proposed system aims to automate the currency recognition and value detection process, which is an essential task in many financial and retail applications. The system consists of several stages: im

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34

KATASONOV, V. YU. "WHO OWNS THE US FEDERAL RESERVE?" Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University 489, no. 7 (2024): 55–73. https://doi.org/10.47475/1994-2796-2024-489-7-55-73.

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Today, almost no serious study on global economics and politics can do without taking into account the “Federal Reserve System”. This is the Central Bank of the United States of America, called the “US Federal Reserve System”. The special significance of the American Central Bank is because it issues the US dollar, which is not only a national currency, but also a world currency. The special status of the US dollar was determined eighty years ago, when in 1944 the gold dollar standard was adopted at the international conference in Bretton Woods (USA). It became the basis of the world monetary

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Sechin, I. I. "World energy system: modern challenges." Lomonosov Economics Journal 60, no. 2, 2025 (2025): 59–82. https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0105-6-60-2-4.

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The aim of the article is to identify current structural changes in the world energy system and their relation to geopolitical and economic processes. The research is based on the methods of systemic and economic analysis, the expert assessment system, and general research methods used to study economic phenomena, including analysis of historical records, time series, and the analogy method. The article demonstrates that the calls of proponents of an accelerated energy transition to abandon the use of fossil fuels are not scientifically sound and are practically unrealistic. The article also e

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Пайкович, П. Р. "International monetary system." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 2(127) (April 11, 2021): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.127.2.056.

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Статья отвечает на актуальные теоретические вопросы, связанные с развитием международной валютной системой. Автором рассмотрены основные принципы международной валютной системы, этапы ее формирования, а также дана характеристика мировой валюты. The article answers topical theoretical questions related to the development of the international monetary system. The author considers the basic principles of the international monetary system, the stages of its formation, and also gives the characteristics of the world currency.

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Waghamare, Hema, and Prof. D. G. Ingale. "Deep Learning-Based Currency Recognition: A Money Identifier System." International Journal of Ingenious Research, Invention and Development (IJIRID) 3, no. 5 (2024): 348–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14000792.

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The paper presents a comprehensive study on the development of a currency recognition system using deep learning techniques, specifically focusing on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The primary objective is to create an accurate and efficient money identifier capable of recognizing various banknotes in real-world applications, such as automated payment systems and anti-counterfeiting measures. To achieve this, we constructed a diverse dataset consisting of over 10,000 images of banknotes from multiple currencies, ensuring representation across different denominations and capturing images

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Cooper, Richard N. "China into the World Economic System." Journal of East Asian Studies 1, no. 1 (2001): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800000291.

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China in 1978 embarked on a major economic transformation, seeking to alter the stance of the previous 30 years and engage economically with the rest of the world in several dimensions—trade, foreign direct investment by private firms, external borrowing by government from both private and public sources, and education. Each of these represented a major change in policy. The transformation in the intervening 22 years has been dramatic and palpable, as can be seen in the sky-lines of the major cities. On official figures, agricultural output has jumped more than two and a half times from 1978 t

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M., Balaji. "The Monetary Crisis and Foundation for Reserve Bank of India (1890-1935)." Journal of Economics and Business 3, no. 4 (2020): 1572–78. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1992.03.04.304.

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The monetary policy of British India was highly controversial during the interwar period as it aimed to protect the budgetary obligations and private commerce. The currency stabilization policy was seen as a tool to protect the British economic interest while they ruled India. The currency came under serious pressure during the World War I and Great depression, the facets of Indian currency’s dependence was exposed through the modified council bill system and Gold exchange standard. The much-needed currency reforms and banking system were conceded by the colonial administration after muc

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Bikbulatov, D. R. "Digital currency as a transformation factor the global financial system." Post–Soviet Continent, no. 2 (June 10, 2024): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.48137/23116412_2024_2_111.

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The article is devoted to a historical review of the development of money, an analysis of the current state of the world and Russian monetary systems, a dialectical analysis of the history of money and a picture of the near future of the world monetary system. Within the framework of this study, the author reviews the available statistical data on the dynamics of the share of cash and non-cash transactions worldwide, in large financial centers and in Russia. Compiles a list of beneficial effects for the economy after the implementation of the digital currency introduction project. Analyzes the

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Kholmirov, Begali. "The concept, importance and characteristics of electronic currency." Tsul legal report 3, no. 1 (2022): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.lr.3.1./dmnp7078.

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The article analyzes the legal nature of the electronic currency. It is of scientific research interest, since the main task of the state in the field of electronic payments is not only to create a legal climate, protect the participants in the settlement, increase transparency and legalization, but also create equal conditions for the development of electronic cash and virtual money. As well as, in the context of the global financial and economic crisis, the fall in public confidence in the banking system and state currencies, the ideas of creating new, alternative currency systems have becom

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Kondratov, Dmitriy. "The internationalization of the chinese rmb: road to the status of a world currency." Obshchestvo i ekonomika, no. 8 (2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020736760016143-6.

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The economic successes achieved by the PRC in recent years naturally raised the question of the possibility of converting the national monetary unit (yuan) into an international currency, which would play a significant role in servicing the country&apos;s foreign trade and investment relations, and in the turnover of global currency and financial markets. An effective solution to this problem can provide China with a number of long-term geopolitical and economic advantages; in particular, it would significantly increase the competitiveness of the financial system and the inflow of foreign

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Kim, Young Bin, Sang Hyeok Lee, Shin Jin Kang, Myung Jin Choi, Jung Lee, and Chang Hun Kim. "Virtual World Currency Value Fluctuation Prediction System Based on User Sentiment Analysis." PLOS ONE 10, no. 8 (2015): e0132944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132944.

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Safiullin, Marat Rashitovich, Mikhail Valer'evich Savelichev, and Leonid Alekseevich El'shin. "Cryptocurrency potential in the context of transition of global economy to the sixth technological paradigm." Финансы и управление, no. 3 (March 2020): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7802.2020.3.33813.

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This article explores the potential of using cryptocurrency as universal currency in the conditions of transition of the global economic system towards sixth technological paradigm. The goal of this research consists in analysis of the patterns of co-evolution of the global financial system, technological system, and global economy. Based on the historical material, the author demonstrates how shift in technological paradigms is accompanied by financial crises, and result in the changes of the world financial system. Over the course of time, the gold served as the universal currency, but the a

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Islam, Md Masudul, Mijanur Rahaman, and Suaiba Haque Turabi. "Near Field Peer-to-Peer Payment System (NF3PS): Digitalization Adopt of Currency in Bangladesh." International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science XII, no. VII (2023): 08–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51583/ijltemas.2023.12702.

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At present, paper currency is the major medium of exchange. Alongside there are different transaction carrier systems such as online or card-based payment. But questions come, how much money can you carry with you? Isn’t the paper currency going to be old-fashioned? In this paper, we will show the history of money evolution, criteria for the long circulation of money (e.g., durability, divisibility, transportability, and non-counterfeit ability), existing transaction systems in the world, and some proposed payment systems instead of physical money. Finally, we motivate an approach of the Crypt

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Clements, Kenneth W., and Yihui Lan. "World Fibers Demand." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 33, no. 1 (2001): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800020745.

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AbstractThis paper analyses the world demand for fibers using the system-wide approach with three dimensions—product × space × time. We investigate to what extent differences in international consumption patterns of fibers can be explained by differences in incomes and prices faced by different consumers. A novel approach to cross-country consumption comparisons is employed to avoid the troublesome problem of what exchange rates to use when converting data into a common currency unit. We use data from the ten largest consuming countries to estimate demand systems and then examine how they perf

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Muzyka-Stefanchuk, O., and N. Yakymchuk. "International currency legal relations and international economic relations: interconnection and interaction." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 5 (November 17, 2023): 648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.05.114.

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International currency relations are considered through the prism of international economic relations. It is emphasized that the latter arise between subjects from different countries, between tax residents of different tax jurisdictions regarding the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods, provision and receipt of services, capital circulation. It is argued that international economic relations are manifested at different levels of the economy (micro-, meta-, macro-levels). Where the macro level is the level of state and interstate international processes; metalevel

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Zharikov, Mikhail. "An alternative settlement system for the BRICS countries." Obshchestvo i ekonomika, no. 3 (June 27, 2024): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0207367624030081.

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The relevance of the research topic lies in the imperatives of the modern geo-economic and geopolitical confrontation between the leading centers of the world financial system and the need to continue to carry out transactions through alternative channels within the existing international system of payments and exchange. Due to the lack of prospects for lifting sanctions against Russia, the author formulates proposals that allow participation in international exchange based on the currencies of friendly countries and a common currency for their entire group. From the point of view of practical

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Аббасова, Т. С., and Т. Э. Аббасов. "Development options for the world monetary system." Voprosy regionalnoj ekonomiki, no. 2(47) (June 18, 2021): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21499/2078-4023-2021-47-2-163-169.

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Выявлены факторы влияния валютной политики на валютный рынок и реальный сектор экономики Российской Федерации. Составлена модель для анализа факторов, влияющих на уровень заниженности или завышенности валютного курса Российской Федерации по отношению к паритетному валютному курсу. Показано, что уровень заниженности валютного курса отрицательно коррелирует с сальдо платежного баланса и ростом ВВП, при этом положительно коррелирует с уровнем инфляции, уровнем природной ренты в экономике и уровнем коррупции в стране. Предложены организационные мероприятия для повышения эффективности валютного кон

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Ahmed, Zuhayer, and Farjana Yeasmeen. "First World Healthcare by Third World Provider: Position of Bangladesh." Journal of Health Science Research 1, no. 2 (2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jhsr/2016/v1/i2/4597.

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Despite being a third world country, Bangladesh has a huge prospect of providing modern, advanced healthcare in cheap rates. It has started that journey by building new health infrastructures, strengthening primary health care, increasing outputs of doctors, nurses and paramedics, developing a strong health information system and encouraging public-private partnerships. With increasing GDP, health status of people has also been improved as evidenced by achieving targets of the health related indicators in Millennium Development Goals. In spite of having lower per capita health expenditure than

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