Thematische Bibliographien / Molitor

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Molitor“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Molitor"

Gary, Jay. "In Memoriam: Graham T. T. Molitor (1934–2017)." World Futures Review 10, no. 1 (2017): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1946756717747100.

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Bodrožić, Ivan. "Proces nastanka liturgije časova i kršćansko poimanje vremena u kontekstu benediktinske duhovnosti i pravila." Slovo, no. 71 (December 31, 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31745/s.71.1.

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Autor u ovom članku propituje proces nastanka liturgije časova, službene molitve Crkve koja je bila osmišljena kao molitva kojom se posvećuje vrijeme. Nakon što je definirao terminološki okvir pojmova »liturgija časova« i »vrijeme«, autor započinje istraživanje vraćajući se u razdoblje apostolske zajednice u kojemu će, iščitavajući novozavjetne tekstove, zaključiti da je molitva trebala sadržavati tri bitna obilježja: biti neprekidna, zajednička i biblijska. U postapostolskom razdoblju, prateći ovu nit, pokazat će kako se je u kršćanskim zajednicama nametnula molitva psalama kao povlaštena kršćanska molitva (naravno uz Gospodnju molitvu) koja je odgovarala tim kriterijima. Tako iznosi na vidjelo da su kršćani već u 2. i 3. stoljeću razvili molitvu u pet molitvenih trenutaka tijekom dana: Jutarnja i Večernja su bile stožerne molitve, a k njima su se još pridodavale molitve Trećega, Šestoga i Devetoga časa. Po svemu sudeći, u naznačeno vrijeme molili su se pojedini psalmi, no danas se ne može točno zaključiti koji. Iz ovoga rada postaje razvidno da važan doprinos cijelom procesu nastanka liturgije časova daje monaški pokret, pri čemu će najvažniju ulogu za zapadno kršćanstvo odigrati sveti Benedikt koji će svojim Pravilom utisnuti poseban pečat kršćanskoj duhovnosti. Odgovarajući na izazove vremena, on će molitvi monaha dati ciklički oblik, te će ritam od pet molitvenih trenutaka u danu podići na sedam, to jest osam ako se uključi i noćno Bdjenje. Polazeći od činjenice da broj sedam označava savršenstvo, ritam od sedam dnevnih molitvenih točki simbolički će označavati molitvu kao neprekinutu aktivnost. A s obzirom na tjedni molitveni ciklus, Benedikt će odrediti da se unutar njega izmoli svih 150 psalama Psaltira, čime će biti osigurana cjelovitost molitve. Prema njegovu Pravilu molitva psalama, ili »Djelo Božje« kako ga on zove, nije samo ritmirala monahov cijeli dan i tjedan, već ga je ucjepljivala u povijest spasenja pretvarajući njegovo vrijeme u blaženu vječnost. Kao sredstvo posvete vremena koje ima svoj neprekinuti tijek u dnevnim i tjednim ciklusima, molitva časova je do kraja odgovarala evanđeoskim kriterijima koje je zadao Isus i apostolska zajednica, te je razumljivo zašto je sve do danas prihvaćena u Crkvi kao službena molitva.

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Gulik, Elena, Svetlana Mikhailova, Andrey Babenko, and Qasim H. A. Aljboori. "Repellent and insecticidal effect of the invasive plant Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. on Tenebrio molitor L." BIO Web of Conferences 31 (2021): 00008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213100008.

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The repellent and insecticidal effect of invasive alien plant Melilotus officinalis L. on Tenebrio molitor L. in a laboratory experiment were studied. The repellent activity of the dry crushed aboveground part of M. officinalis, added to oatmeal and spring wheat, was studied in relation to the larvae of T. molitor. The best repellent effect of M. officinalis was observed in relation to T. molitor larvae when added to oatmeal. The insecticidal activity of an aqueous extract of the aboveground part of M. officinalis was studied on larvae and imago of T. molitor. A pronounced insecticidal effect of M. offcicinalis on the imago T. molitor was established in the absence of an effect on the larvae.

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Rahmawati, Rahmawati, Nismah Nukmal, and Suratman Suratman. "PENGARUH DUA JENIS PAKAN TERHADAP LAMA STADIUM LARVA KUMBANG Tenebrio molitor (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE)." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 4, no. 2 (2017): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v4i2.131.

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Tenebrio molitor merupakan serangga yang memiliki nilai ekonomis dan mudah dipelihara. Pemberian pakan yang tepat dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan reproduksi dari T. molitor. Ragi merupakan pakan utama T. molitor yang dapat meningkatkan proses pencernaannya sehingga pertumbuhan dapat mencapai optimal. Sedangkan styrofoam merupakan bahan polistiren yang dapat menjadi pakan alternatif bagi T. molitor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dua jenis pakan (ragi dan styrofoam) terhadap lama stadium larva kumbang T. molitor. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen skala laboratorium menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 10 kali pengulangan. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian adalah panjang larva, berat larva, lama stadium larva, dan berat pakan yang dimakan. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian selanjutnya dianalisis dengan uji T. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan pakan mempengaruhi berat larva, panjang larva, dan lama stadium larva (p < 0,05). Larva T. molitor yang diberi pakan ragi lebih singkat stadiumnya dibandingkan dengan yang diberi pakan styrofoam.

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Hong, Jinsu, Taehee Han, and Yoo Yong Kim. "Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor Larvae) as an Alternative Protein Source for Monogastric Animal: A Review." Animals 10, no. 11 (2020): 2068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112068.

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Edible insects have been used as an alternative protein source for food and animal feed, and the market size for edible insects has increased. Tenebrio molitor larvae, also known as mealworm and yellow mealworm, are considered a good protein source with nutritional value, digestibility, flavor, and a functional ability. Additionally, they are easy to breed and feed for having a stable protein content, regardless of their diets. Therefore, T. molitor larvae have been produced industrially as feed for pets, zoo animals, and even for production animals. To maintain the nutrient composition and safety of T. molitor larvae, slaughtering (heating or freezing) and post-slaughtering (drying and grinding) procedures should be improved for animal feed. T. molitor larvae are also processed with defatting or hydrolysis before grinding. They have a high quality and quantity of protein and amino acid profile, so are considered a highly sustainable protein source for replacing soybean meal or fishmeal. T. molitor has a chitin in its cuticle, which is an indigestible fiber with positive effects on the immune system. In studies of poultry, the supplementation of T. molitor larvae improved the growth performance of broiler chickens, without having negative effects on carcass traits, whereas some studies have reported that there were no significant differences in the growth performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens. In studies of swine, the supplementation of T. molitor larvae improved the growth performance and protein utilization of weaning pigs. Furthermore, 10% of T. molitor larvae showed greater amino acid digestibility than conventional animal proteins in growing pigs. However, there are some challenges regarding the biosafety, consumer’s acceptance, and price for the use of T. moiltor larvae in animal feed. Consequently, T. molitor larvae could be used as an alternative or sustainable protein source in monogastric animal feed with a consideration of the nutritional values, biosafety, consumer’s acceptance, and market price of T. molitor larvae products.

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Wiehart, U. I. M., S. W. Nicolson, R. A. Eigenheer, and D. A. Schooley. "Antagonistic control of fluid secretion by the Malpighian tubules ofTenebrio molitor: effects of diuretic and antidiuretic peptides and their second messengers." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 4 (2002): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.4.493.

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SUMMARYFluid secretion by insect Malpighian tubules is controlled by haemolymph-borne factors. The mealworm Tenebrio molitor provides the first known example of antagonistic interactions between endogenous neuropeptides acting on Malpighian tubules. The two corticotropin-releasing-factor (CRF)-related diuretic peptides previously isolated from Tenebrio molitor, Tenmo-DH37 and Tenmo-DH47, were found to stimulate Tenebrio molitor tubules in vitro in a dose-dependent manner with EC50 values of 0.12 nmol l–1 and 26 nmol l–1 respectively. However, no synergistic or additive effect was observed when these two peptides were tested simultaneously. We then investigated antagonism between second messengers: dose–response curves were constructed for stimulation of Tenebrio molitor tubules by cyclic AMP and their inhibition by cyclic GMP. When both cyclic nucleotides were included in the bathing Ringer, the stimulatory effect of cyclic AMP was neutralised by cyclic GMP. Similarly, the stimulatory effect of Tenmo-DH37 was reversed on addition of an antidiuretic peptide (Tenmo-ADF), which was recently isolated from Tenebrio molitor and acts via cyclic GMP. The cardioacceleratory peptide CAP2b, originally isolated from Manduca sexta, also increases intracellular cyclic GMP levels and inhibited fluid secretion by Tenebrio molitor tubules, with an EC50 value of 85 nmol l–1. This inhibitory effect was reversed by Tenmo-DH37. Endogenous diuretic and antidiuretic peptides, effective at low concentrations and acting via antagonistic second messengers, have the potential for fine control of secretion rates in the Malpighian tubules of Tenebrio molitor.

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Laroche, Perreault, Marciniak, Gravel, Chamberland, and Doyen. "Comparison of Conventional and Sustainable Lipid Extraction Methods for the Production of Oil and Protein Isolate from Edible Insect Meal." Foods 8, no. 11 (2019): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8110572.

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Edible insects represent an interesting alternative source of protein for human consumption but the main hurdle facing the edible insect sector is low consumer acceptance. However, increased acceptance is anticipated when insects are incorporated as a processed ingredient, such as protein-rich powder, rather than presented whole. To produce edible insect fractions with high protein content, a defatting step is necessary. This study investigated the effects of six defatting methods (conventional solvents, three-phase partitioning, and supercritical CO2) on lipid extraction yield, fatty profiles, and protein extraction and purification of house cricket (Acheta domesticus) and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meals. Ethanol increased the lipid extraction yield (22.7%–28.8%), irrespective of the insect meal used or the extraction method applied. Supercritical CO2 gave similar lipid extraction yields as conventional methods for Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor) (22.1%) but was less efficient for Acheta domesticus (A. domesticus) (11.9%). The protein extraction yield ranged from 12.4% to 38.9% for A. domesticus, and from 11.9% to 39.3% for T. molitor, whereas purification rates ranged from 58.3% to 78.5% for A. domesticus and from 48.7% to 75.4% for T. molitor.

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Gary, Jay. "Graham Molitor: A Futurist for the Third Millennium." World Futures Review 10, no. 1 (2017): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1946756717746978.

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The Molitor Model of Change is a unique approach, yet has largely been overlooked as a futures studies method. This article traces the influences that led Graham Molitor to develop Emerging Issues Analysis.

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Delpérée, Francis. "Ad memoriam – André Molitor." International Review of Administrative Sciences 71, no. 3 (2005): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852305057975.

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Kim, Tae-Kyung, Min Hyeock Lee, Hae In Yong, et al. "Effect of Interaction between Mealworm Protein and Myofibrillar Protein on the Rheological Properties and Thermal Stability of the Prepared Emulsion Systems." Foods 9, no. 10 (2020): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9101443.

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In this study, we investigated the effect of replacing myofibrillar protein (pork ham) with edible insect proteins (Tenebrio molitor L.) in meat emulsion systems and examined the interaction between the two types of proteins. We also evaluated the rheological properties and thermal stability of these meat emulsions. The replacement ratios of myofibrillar protein and edible insect protein were as follows: 100:0 (EI0), 80:20 (EI20), 60:40 (EI40), 40:60 (EI60), 20:80 (EI80), and 0:100 (EI100). The pH, redness, and yellowness of the emulsion systems, after replacing myofibrillar protein with T. molitor protein, significantly increased with T. molitor protein concentrations. In contrast, the lightness, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, apparent viscosity, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the emulsion systems decreased significantly with increasing T. molitor protein concentrations. The backscattering values of EI0, EI20, and EI40 decreased evenly in all spots of the dispersions as the storage time increased. Thus, up to 40% of pork myofibrillar protein could be replaced with T. molitor protein in meat emulsion systems. The results also suggest that the interaction between edible insect protein and myofibrillar protein degrades the rheological properties and thermal stability of the meat emulsion systems.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Molitor"

Moreira, Nathália Ramalho. "Fisiologia molecular intestinal de Tenebrio molitor." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-15012014-091856/.

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Foi realizado o pirossequenciamento de duas bibliotecas de cDNA do intestino médio de Tenebrio molitor e as sequências foram submetidos à montagem através do programa Newbler. Visando sanar alguns questionamentos a respeito de muitos tipos de transportadores que pudessem estar envolvidos com funções presumíveis em tamponamento luminal, absorção de nutrientes, envolvimento em mecanismos de secreção de enzimas como a α-manosidases e secreção e absorção de água, foram analisadas sequências de interesse que pudessem esclarecer os fenômenos fisiológicos em questão. O pirossequenciamento revelou 19 sequencias de α-manosidases. Após alinhamentos múltiplos, desconfiou-se que o contig 12 era a continuação da sequência original da α-manosidase. Utilizando-se de iniciadores apropriados, a suspeita foi confirmada e uma sequência completa foi obtida e denominada de TmMan1. Através de cladogramas gerados com as sequências de todos os contigs obtidos, assim como de sequências representativas das famílias 38 e 47 das glicosídeos hidrolases, mostrou que todas a nossas sequências, exceto o contig 6 e 7, pertencem à família 38. Todas as sequências com mais de 100 reads (exceto o contig 9) tiveram a sua expressão tecidual avaliada por RT-PCR. Os resultados mostraram que só são expressos no intestino ou intestino e túbulo de Malpighi, implicando na possibilidade de serem digestivas. Dessas sequências, as únicas com peptídeo sinal são a TmMan1 (contig 12) e o contig 14 e, portanto, devem corresponder às atividades Man1 e Man2. Levando em conta o número de reads, TmMan1 deveria corresponder a Man2 e o contig 14 à Man1. É possível, embora necessite de confirmação, que os contigs 8 e 15 sejam de expressão lisossômica. Um peptídeo sintetizado que correspondia a sequencia única da TmMan1 foi usado para gerar anticorpos, que reconheceram a Man2, mas não a Man1, confirmando a identificação de TmMan1 com a Man2. Esse anticorpo foi também utilizado para imunolocalizar a TmMan1 nas células intestinais de T. molitor. Os resultados mostraram que a TmMan1 é secretada de forma apócrina pela região anterior de intestino de T. molitor. Esse trabalho é o primeiro que mostra a ocorrência de α-manosidases com especificidade similar àquelas lissossômicas, mas que são secretadas apócrinamente para fora da célula, devendo agir no lúmen intestinal, removendo resíduos de manoses de oligossacarídeos manosilados. Foram identificados 10 tipos diferentes de transportadores e na elaboração dos modelos fisiológicos só foram levados em conta aqueles expressos exclusivamente no intestino médio ou no intestino médio e túbulos de Malpighi. A V-ATPase em T.molitor parece ser uma bomba usada para energizar muitos dos transportes ao longo do intestino médio como, por exemplo, o de oligopeptídeos. Já as bombas de Na+ e K+ são responsáveis pelo equilíbrio de cargas e, portanto estão presentes na maioria dos tipos celulares. Duas sequências de cotransportadores de oligopeptídeos/H+ foram encontradas no pirossequenciamento e sua expressão é maior na região posterior, uma vez que ali é a última possibilidade de absorção dos oligopeptídeos que ainda estiverem no lúmen, remanescentes da digestão final de proteínas. Foi demonstrado que T.Molitor absorve aminoácidos e açúcares ao longo de todo o intestino médio, pois estes tipos de transportadores possuem uma expressão uniforme ao longo do intestino médio. Já a expressão dos transportadores de NH3/NH4+ em T.molitor, encontra-se confinada ás regiões onde o pH do intestino médio do inseto é mais ácida. Também há uma expressão de transportadores de cloreto que se manifesta mais intensamente na região anterior. Podemos visualizar que a distribuição dos contigs dos transportadores de bicarbonato encontra-se mais expressiva na região posterior do intestino médio. Os resultados sugerem que a acidificação na região anterior do intestino de T.molitor pode resultar da secreção de NH4+ acompanhado do íon cloreto e a alcalinização na região posterior do lançamento no lúmen de bicarbonato. A importância dos canais de cloreto é que o mesmo balanceia as cargas e desta forma pode ser útil juntamente com o transporte de NH4+, que gera uma carga no lado onde é transportado. Há absorvição de água (junto com glicose) ao longo de todo o intestino médio, enquanto que a secreção de água ocorreria apenas nos dois terços finais do intestino médio com o auxílio de aquaporinas complementado por transportadores de íons, teria como consequência a abosorção líquida de água na região anterior e uma secreção líquida no final do intestino médio. Isso esclarece qual a base molecular para a ocorrência do contrafluxo intestinal evidenciado por experimentos fisiológicos.<br>Pyrosequencing was performed with two cDNA libraries in the midgut of Tenebrio molitor and the sequences were subjected to assembly with the Newbler program. In order to tackle questions concerning proteins which may be involved in midgut buffering, nutrient absorption, in the secretion of enzymes such as α-mannosidases , and water absorption and secretion, sequences of interest were analyzed in order to clarify those physiological phenomena. The pyrosequencing revealed 19 sequences of α- mannosidases . After multiple alignments, it was suspected that the contig 12 was the continuation of the original sequence of the α-mannosidase. Using appropriate primers, the hypothesis was confirmed and a complete sequence was obtained and named TmMan . Through cladograms generated from the sequences of the contigs obtained, as well as of sequences representing families 38 and 47 of glycoside hydrolases, it was showed that all sequences except the contig 6 and 7 belong to family 38. All sequences with over 100 reads (except contig 9) had their tissue expression assessed by RT-PCR. The results showed that they are expressed only in the midgut or midgut and Malpighian tubules, implying the possibility of having a digestive function. Among these sequences, the only ones with a signal peptide are TmMan1 (contig 12) and contig 14 and therefore they should correspond to the activities Man1 and Man2. Taking into account the number of reads, TmMan1 should correspond to Man2 and contig 14 to Man1. It is possible, though it requires confirmation, that the contigs 8 and 15 are lysosomal. A peptide corresponding to the unique sequence TmMan1 was synthesized and used to generate antibodies that recognized Man2 , but not Man1, confirming the identification of TmMan1 with Man2. This antibody was also used to immunolocalyze TmMan1 in the midgut cells of T. molitor. The results showed that TmMan1 is secreted in an apocrine way by the anterior region of T. molitor midgut. This is the first study that shows the occurrence of α-mannosidases with similar specificity to those lysosomal, but that are secreted in an apocrine way, acting in the midgut lumen, removing mannoses from mannosylated oligosaccharides. We identified 10 different types of carriers and in the development of physiological models it was only taken into account those expressed exclusively in the midgut or midgut and Malpighian tubules . The V- ATPase in T.molitor appears to be a pump used for powering many transports along the midgut, as of oligopeptides. The Na+ and K+ pumps are responsible for charge load balancing and therefore are present in most cell types. Two sequences of oligopeptide / H+ cotransporters were found in the transcriptome and their expression is higher in the posterior region. This agrees with the fact that there is the last possibility of oligopeptides remaining in the lumen to be absorbed. It is highly probable that T.molitor absorbs amino acids and sugars throughout the midgut, once these types of carriers have a uniform expression throughout the midgut . The expression of NH3/NH4+ transporters in T.molitor is confined to the regions where the pH of the insect midgut is more acidic. There is also chloride transporter expression there. The expression of bicarbonate transporters is more significant in the posterior midgut. The results suggest that acidification in the anterior T.molitor midgut may result from the secretion of NH4+ and chloride ions together, whereas the alkalization in the posterior midgut results from bicarbonate release. There is water absortion (along with glucose) throughout the midgut , while the water secretion occurs only in the final two-thirds of the midgut with the aid of aquaporins, complemented by ion transporters. It would result in the net absorption and net secretion of water in the anterior and postertior midgut, respectively. This clarifies the molecular basis of the midgut countercurrent fluxes evidenced by physiological experiments.

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Leben, Ernst Ulrich. "Bernard Molitor (1755-1833) : Leben und Werk eines pariser Kunsttischlers /." Bonn : [s.n.], 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37062013d.

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Koch, Katharina Baader Franz von Molitor Franz Joseph. "Franz Joseph Molitor und die jüdische Tradition : Studien zu den kabbalistischen Quellen der "Philosophie der Geschichte". mit einem Anhang unveröffentlichter Briefe von F. von Baader, E.J. Hirschfeld, F.J. Molitor und F.W.J. Schelling [unveröffentlichte Briefe von und an Molitor] /." Berlin ; New York : de Gruyter, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2780938&prov=M&dok%5Fvar=1&dok%5Fext=htm.

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Molitor, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Präzisionspolarimetrie mit Hilfe doppelter Mott-Streuung / Matthias Molitor." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212801512/34.

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Barnes, Andrew. "Prophylactic immunity in the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14816/.

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Immune systems are thought to be costly to maintain and express in a variety of taxa. Evidence for this comes from observations that mechanisms which deal with pathogenic challenge are often extremely variable and are induced in the presence of an immune challenge, rather than being constitutively active. This thesis presents work aimed at testing predictions arising from these ideas, using the mealworm beetle T. molilor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) as a model system. Assays were developed which reflected three specific aspects of immunity (haemocyte count, phenoloxidase levels and resistance to a generalist fungal pathogen), thereby allowing aspects of immune function to be quantified. It was shown that the level of fungal resistance differed in beetles reared gregariously (higher resistance) and solitarily (lower resistance). Conspecifics are a source of disease (Freeland 1983), so this is an example of immune defences being induced in situations with a higher risk of pathogenesis (density dependent prophylaxis). A strong predictor of fungal resistance was the degree of melanisation of the adults' cuticles. This trait was shown to be highly heritable (59%), as was the total haemocyte count of an individual: an important aspect of general invertebrate immunity. Selection for cuticular melanisation resulted in a rapid response, confirming the existence of large amounts of additive genetic variance for this trait. Fungal resistance showed a correlated 111 response to selection for cuticular melanisation, indicating that this too has additive genetic variance. Lines selected for darker cuticles showed higher levels of fungal resistance than those selected for lighter cuticles. Cuticular melanisation and fungal resistance are therefore genetically correlated, and the former can be used as an indicator of the latter in T. molitor. No specific costs of cuticular melanisation or fungal resistance were identified. A correlated response to selection for cuticular melanisation on larval competitive ability was investigated, but no such response was seen. Thus the mechanisms maintaining variability and inducibility in cuticular melanisation and fungal resistance are unknown. This thesis has therefore identified patterns of immune expression consistent with the hypothesis that immunity has associated costs, although these costs have not been shown. It has also identified a potentially novel role for cuticular melanisation, as an indicator of immunity to fungal pathogens.

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Gallagher, J. D. "Gregarious immunisation in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12275/.

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Investment in immunity is costly: one way in which hosts can ameliorate these costs is through immune priming, whereby hosts develop increased protection to future infection following previous exposure to a parasite or immune elicitor. Priming offers hosts a more efficient way of managing immune insult by allowing for a stronger and faster response to an immune insult. As well as investing in physiological immune defences, hosts can also leverage behavioural responses to reduce the costs of infection. Group-living in insects offers several benefits, such as predator avoidance. However, it can be costly in terms of increasing the risks of exposure to parasites. Group facilitation of disease resistance through a variety of processes collectively known as 'social immunity' is well established in the eusocial insects. Many gregarious insects share several features of their ecology with eusocial species, and should thus be predisposed to many of the same risks of infection, and the same evolved processes that mitigate these risks. A form of immune priming known 'social immunisation' has recently been described in eusocial insects, whereby immunologically naïve individuals exhibit enhanced immunity against infection after being housed with infected nestmates. Whether similar mechanisms exist in gregarious but non-social insects is unknown, and it is this premise that forms the conceptual basis of this thesis. I investigated whether a non-social but gregarious insect, the mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor), altered its immune investment following cohabitation with an immunestimulated conspecific. I examined the potential role of both physiological and behavioural defences in offering prophylactic protection against perceived pathogenic threat. I also investigated the potential mechanisms of such an form of immunisation by examining immune responses induced by cohabitation with conspecifics challenged by a live (and transmissible) bacterial infection and those challenged by either heat-killed bacteria or an artificial antigen (both non-transmissible). Finally, I examined the role of host behaviour in affecting immunisation, quantifying behavioural changes in immune-stimulated hosts (referred to as 'sickness behaviours') to try and identify visual or behavioural cues which may be utilised by naïve hosts to stimulate prophylactic defences, There was no robust evidence for a parsimonious process of gregarious immunisation. However, there were differences between the sexes in their immune responses to infection threat, as well as in their induction of sickness behaviours following infection. Whilst there was little evidence for an upregulation of immunity in naïve females, females appeared to exhibit enhanced tolerance of infection following cohabitation with a 'sick' conspecific, as they suffered no decrease in longevity despite the presence of relatively high parasite loads. Males showed the opposite pattern to that predicted by gregarious immunisation, decreasing their investment in physiological defence following exposure to 'sick' conspecifics. Despite finding no clear evidence for enhanced resistance through a straightforward process of gregarious immunisation, these data suggest that naïve T. mollitor may be able detect social cues of infection produced by parasitised conspecifics. I propose that the immune responses displayed by both males and females constitute tolerance strategies which help hosts to minimise the costs of parasitism. Due to intrinsic differences in the life-history trajectories of the sexes, females are predicted to invest in immunological tolerance mechanisms aimed at self-preservation in order to preserve their capacity for future reproduction, whereas males are predicted to terminally invest in reproduction in order to maximise their fitness.

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Molitor, Dominik [Verfasser]. "Location-Based Advertising: Context and Consumer Behavior / Dominik Molitor." Berlin : epubli GmbH, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080627170/34.

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Molitor, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Prozessdiagnose dynamischer Schmelzen zur Regelung von Laserschneidprozessen / Thomas Molitor." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071008080/34.

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Molitor, Benedikt [Verfasser]. "Die Rolle von sCD40L beim akuten Koronarsyndrom / Benedikt Molitor." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1068772883/34.

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Moreira, Nathália Ramalho. "α-Manosidases intestinais da larva de Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-27112008-102556/.

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Os estudos da função intestinal foram particularmente estimulados após a conscientização de que o tubo digestivo é uma enorme interface relativamente pouco protegida entre o inseto e o meio ambiente e pode ser usado como alvo para controle de pragas. Neste contexto, nosso trabalho envolve a purificação e caracterização de uma α-manosidase solúvel e a detecção de uma α-manosidase de membrana. As α-manosidases pertencem a uma família de exoglicosidases as quais hidrolisam resíduos de α-D-manosil a partir de terminais não redutores de oligossacarídeos. Estas enzimas são implicadas no catabolismo de carboidratos e na via de N-glicosilação protéica em insetos, mas pouco se sabe sobre a bioquímica destas glicosidases. O Tenebrio molitor é um Coleoptera bastante estudado pelo nosso laboratório devido a sua relevância como praga agrícola e o seu posicionamento em um ponto estratégico da árvore filogenética de insetos. O estudo de distribuição desta enzima mostrou que a α-manosidase encontra-se, principalmente, como uma enzima solúvel no conteúdo anterior e médio do intestino médio, mas também existe uma atividade significante na fração de membrana. Para confirmar a existência desta enzima de membrana, microvilosidades foram purificadas por precipitação diferencial com cálcio. A enzima aminopeptidase foi utilizada como marcadora, uma vez que sabe-se que esta enzima é uma típica de membrana microvilar. Como a α-manosidase solúvel é majoritária demos início a sua purificação e posterior caracterização. A sua purificação foi realizada utilizando uma combinação de quatro passos de cromatografia: Uma de troca iônica em Hitrap Q XL (Amersham/Bioscience), duas filtrações em gel, uma em Superdex 75 e outra em Superdex 200 (Amersham/Bioscience) usando o sistema AKTA, e o último passo é uma hidrofóbica em Phenyl Superose. Nós observamos a presença de dois picos de atividade nomeados de Man 1 e Man 2, sugerindo a existência de duas α- manosidases solúveis, que se diferem quanto a hidrofobicidade. O pH ótimo das α-manosidases é de 5,6 e sua massa molecular, determinada por cromatografia de 8 filtração em gel, é de 123 kDa, e no SDS-PAGE observamos uma única banda de 70 KDa, indicando a existência de duas subunidades. Em um gel nativo revelado com o substrato fluorescente (metilumbelliferil-α-D-manopiranosídeo) nota-se somente uma banda de atividade. A Man 2 possui pI de 3,38. α-manosidases de T. molitor seguem a cinética de Michaelis-Menten com Km para o substrato p-nitrofenil-α-D-manopiranosídeo de 0,84 mM para Man 1 e 0,62 mM para Man 2. Também foram feitos ensaios de inibição com dois inibidores que sabidamente inibem carboidrases, um é o deoximanojirimicina e o outro é a swainsonina. O Ki encontrado para o primeiro inibidor foi de 0,12 mM para Man 1 e 0,15 mM para Man 2 e o Ki para o segundo inibidor foi de 67,8 nM para Man 1 e 63 nM para Man 2, sendo ambos inibidores competitivos. O fato destas enzimas serem inibidas apenas por Swainsonina em concentrações razoáveis, permite a sua classificação como tipo II. Isso sugere que elas são derivadas da forma lisossômica, embora apresente pH ótimo alterado.<br>Studies of intestinal function were prompted after noticing that the gut is a huge and relatively unprotected interface between the insect and the environment and can thus be used as a target for pest control. In this context, our work involves the purification and characterization of an soluble alpha-mannosidase and detection of a membrane α-mannosidase. α-Mannosidases are a family of exoglycosidases which hydrolyse α-D-mannosyl residues from terminal non-reducing end of oligossacharides. These enzymes are implicated in the catabolism of carbohydrates and N-linked protein glycosylations in insects, but little is known on this biochemistry. T.molitor is a Coleoptera studied in our laboratory because of its relevance as agricultural pest and its position at a strategic point in the phylogenetic tree of insects. α-Mannosidase is more active in the anterior and middle midgut content of T.molitor larvae, although there is a significant activity in the membrane fraction. To confirm the existence of this membrane enzyme, microvilli were purified by differential precipitation with calcium. Aminopeptidase was used as a marker, since it is known that it is a typical microvilar membrane enzyme. Most α-mannosidase activity is soluble. This led us to purify this enzyme for further characterization. The purification of T. molitor α-mannosidase was attained by using a combination of four chromatographic steps: an anion-exchange chromatography in Hitrap Q XL (Amersham/Bioscience), two gel filtration chromatographies, one in Superdex 200 and another in Superdex 75 (Amersham/Bioscience) using an AKTA system, and the last step is a Hydrophobic cromatography in Phenyl Superose. Two peaks of activity were resolved: Man 1 and Man 2, suggesting the existence of two soluble α-mannosidases, differing only in hydrophobicity. The optimum pH of the α- mannosidases is 5.6 and the molecular mass is 123 KDa determined by gel filtration and 70 KDa in the case of SDS PAGE. This suggests that the holoenzyme has two subunits. In a native gel revealed with the fluorescent substrate (methylumbelliferyl-α-D-mannopyranoside) only one band of activity is seen. Man 2 has pI 3.38. T. molitor α-mannosidases followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km value of 0.84 mM for Man 1 and 0.62 mM for Man 2 using p-nitrophenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside as substrate. Inhibition tests were made with typical inhibitors of α-mannosidases: one is the 1-deoxymannojirimycin and the other is the Swainsonine. The Ki for the first was of 0.12 mM for Man 1 and 0.15 mM for Man 2 and for the second was 67.8 nM for Man 1 and 63 nM for Man 2. Both were competitive inhibitors. The fact that the enzymes are inhibited only by swainsonine in reasonable concentrations, allows us to classify them as type II. This suggests that they are derived from the lysosomal form, although they have an altered optimum pH.

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Bücher zum Thema "Molitor"

Fardoulis, Laure. La piscine Molitor: Roman. Joëlle Losfeld, 2000.

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Molitor, Mathieu. Mathieu Molitor: Bildhauer, Maler, Grafiker. Passage-Verlag, 2009.

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hrad, Prazský, ed. Johann Peter Molitor, 1702-1757: Portraits and portrait motifs. National Gallery in Prague, 2000.

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Dark images, secret hints: Benjamin, Scholem, Molitor and the Jewish tradition. Peter Lang, 2007.

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Koch, Katharina. Franz Joseph Molitor und die judische Tradition: Studien zu den kabbalistischen Quellen der "Philosophie der Geschichte". W. de Gruyter, 2006.

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Lari, Robert J. The ancestors of Peter Clemens (1827-1875) & Barbara Molitor (1827-1895) and their descendants. R.J. Lari, 1996.

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Čhirawatthanaphong, Sangūan. Phon khō̜ng rangsī kǣmmā tō̜ raya kānčharœ̄n tœ̄ptō khō̜ng meal worm (Tenebrio molitor Lin.). Samnakngān Phalangngān Paramānū phư̄a Santi, 1989.

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Molitor: Ebéniste from the ancien régime to the Bourbon restoration : with a complete catalogue of the furniture. P. Wilson, 1992.

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Arroyuelo, Francisco José Flores. El Molino: Piedra contra piedra : (Molinos hidráulicos de la Región de Murcia. Universidad de Murcia, 1993.

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Molitva. VERBA Publishers, 2006.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Molitor"

Mariod, Abdalbasit Adam. "Nutrient Composition of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)." In African Edible Insects As Alternative Source of Food, Oil, Protein and Bioactive Components. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32952-5_20.

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Finke, Mark, and Liz Koutsos. "Insect production and utilization of insect products in the USA and Canada." In Insects as animal feed: novel ingredients for use in pet, aquaculture and livestock diets. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245929.0011.

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Abstract This chapter discussed the history of the sale and production of live insects as ingredients in pet food and animal feed in North America, Canada, and USA. Highlights focused on the purpose of using insects as feed and on the currents species available in the market such as crickets Acheta domesticus, Gryllodes sigillatus, yellow mealworms (Tenebrio molitor), superworms (Zophobas morio), waxworms (Galleria mellonella), black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) (Hermetia illucens), silkworms (Bombyx mori) and fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila hydei).

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Hawkey, Kerensa, John Brameld, Tim Parr, Andrew Salter, and Heidi Hall. "Suitability of insects for animal feeding." In Insects as animal feed: novel ingredients for use in pet, aquaculture and livestock diets. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245929.0004.

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Abstract This chapter explores the nutritional composition of insects and the potential benefits and drawbacks for their inclusion into pet, poultry, pig, ruminant and aquatic animal feeds. Six species are most commonly described for use in animal feed, namely black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) larvae and prepupae, yellow mealworm (YM; Tenebrio molitor) larvae, superworm (SW; Zophobas morio) larvae, lesser mealworm (LM; Alphitobius diaperinus) larvae, house fly (HF; Musca domestica) larvae and house crickets (HC; Acheta domesticus). The nutritional composition, variability observed due to manipulation of feed source, age, developmental stage and suitability for inclusion into animal feed are compared.

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Cho, Mi Young, Hyun Seong Lee, and Bok Luel Lee. "Three Kinds of Encapsulation-Relating Factors in Coleopteran Insect, Tenebrio Molitor Larvae." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1291-2_29.

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Kröncke, Nina, Andreas Baur, Verena Böschen, Sebastian Demtröder, Rainer Benning, and Antonio Delgado. "Automation of Insect Mass Rearing and Processing Technologies of Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor)." In African Edible Insects As Alternative Source of Food, Oil, Protein and Bioactive Components. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32952-5_8.

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Lee, Hyun Seong, Mi Young Cho, and Bok Luel Lee. "Activated Prophenoloxidase Engaged in the Cell Clump/Cell Adhesion of Coleopteran Insect, Tenebrio Molitor Larvae." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1291-2_28.

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Wegerhoff, R., O. Breidbach, and M. Lobemeier. "Tachykinin- and FMRFamide-like immunopositive neurons in the developing central complex of the beetle Tenebrio molitor." In The Peptidergic Neuron. Birkhäuser Basel, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9010-6_22.

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Wegerhoff, Rainer. "Metamorphic development of locusta-tachykinin immunoreactive neurons of the antennal lobes of the beetle Tenebrio molitor and the effect of fenvalerate application." In EBO — Experimental Biology Online Annual 1996/97. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00932-1_24.

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Rudolph, Hartmut. "Utilitas, demonstratio, molitio. Beobachtungen zu Leibniz’ Kurmainzer Zeit." In Leibniz in Mainz. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666571275.29.

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Orde, Klaus Vom. "Der Quietismus Miguel de Molinos bei Philipp Jakob Spener." In Jansenismus, Quietismus, Pietismus. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666558269.106.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Molitor"

Santos, Pâmela Gomes, Rosane Nassar Meireles Guerra, Josivan Regis Farias, Simone Batista Muniz, and Danielle Cristine Gomes Franco. "AÇÃO ANTIMICROBIANA DAS FLORES DE ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE E DO ÁCIDO ELÁGICO PRESENTE NO EXTRATO." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/965.

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Introdução: As infecções bacterianas têm aumentado significativamente nas últimas décadas, sobretudo aquelas ocasionadas por microrganismos multirresistentes. Assim, o uso de produtos naturais com finalidades terapêuticas surge com alvo de bioprospecção na busca de novos compostos com ação antimicrobiana. Além disso, o uso de insetos, como o Tenebrio molitor como modelo experimental para avaliação in vivo tem sido muito frequente, pois exige menos material em relação aos testes com animais vertebrados. Objetivo: O presente trabalho investigou o efeito citotóxico e ação antimicrobiana do extrato hidroalcoólico das flores de Anacardium occidentale (EHAo) e do ácido elágico. Material e Métodos: Avaliamos a citoxicidade de ácido elágico e do EHAo nas concentrações (1; 5 e 50mg/kg) em Tenebrio molitor. A ação antimicrobiana para Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Klebsiella pneumoniae e a toxicidade do ácido elágico, foi avaliada por microdiluição, segundo a norma M7-A6 do manual da Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute – CLSI. Foi determinada a Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) e concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), em culturas de 24 horas, incubadas à 37ºC. Resultados: No ensaio de citotoxidade aguda se verificou que nenhuma das concentrações usados foram tóxicas, pois não ocorreram óbitos e nem nenhuma anormalia morfológica nas larvas de Tenebrio molitor. Os testes de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) de concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) mostraram que o EHAo apresentou ação bactericida para Enterococcus faecalis em todas as concentrações testadas. Para Staphylococcus aureus os resultados mostraram ação bactericida para as maiores concentrações e bacteriostática para a menor diluição. O ácido elágico teve ação bactericida apenas para Enterococcus faecalis. Para as bactérias Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Klebsiella pneumoniae as concentrações de EHAo e ácido elágico testadas não foram inibitórias. Conclusões: Os resultados mostraram baixa toxicidade tanto para o EHAo como para o ácido elágico e ainda, que o extrato apresentou melhor efeito antimicrobiano do que o ácido elágico, para Enterococcus faecalis e Staphylococcus aureus.

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Park, IW, DY Kim, JS Bae, and MK Na. "Secondary metabolites with anti-platelet aggregation activity from the insect Tenebrio molitor." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608123.

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Bojke, Aleksandra, Cezary Tkaczuk, Piotr Stepnowski, and Marek Gołębiewski. "Identification of volatile and semi-volatile compounds produced by Tenebrio molitor larvae." In Człowiek Nauka Środowisko. Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine Foundation, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31708/spi3.2018/boj.cns18.

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Sentosa, Yogi, Hannah Natasha Andjani, Kori Yati, Mahdi Jufri, Haryuni, and Misri Gozan. "Determination of LC50 value of Nicotiana tabacum L. extract against Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio larvae." In THE 4TH BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING’S RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOMATERIALS, DRUGS DEVELOPMENT, HEALTH, AND MEDICAL DEVICES: Proceedings of the International Symposium of Biomedical Engineering (ISBE) 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5139358.

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Ishmuratova, N. M., M. P. Yakovleva, V. A. Vydrina, Yu V. Myasoedova, L. R. Garifullina, and G. Yu Ishmuratov. "Creation of a pheromone preparation for the control of Tenebrio molitor – a pest of grain and grain products." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-22.

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Moret, Yannick. "Immune priming might have evolved from infection by gram-positive bacterial pathogens in the mealworm beetle,Tenebrio molitor." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.91953.

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Silva, Caroline Santos da, Ana Carolina Pollano Vivan, Glenda Cavalari Simões, et al. "Metabólitos Secundários com Atividade Inseticida Sobre Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Produzidos por Isolado do Complexo Burkholderia cepacia." In V Simpósio de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/biochem-vsimbbtec-22107.

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Dhinaut, Julien. "Evolution of immune priming favored by the low cost of the secondary immune response in the mealworm beetle,Tenebrio molitor." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.106358.

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Nalinanon, W., S. Lerdsuwan, and D. Pisuttharachai. "Effect of Mealworm (Ternebrio molitor) Meal in Practical Diets on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization and Carcass Composition of Climbing Perch Fingerlings (Anabas testudineus)." In The International Conference on Fisheries and Aquaculture. The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/23861282.2020.6104.

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Ramli, Nur Hasyimah, and Salmah Yaakop. "Morphological changes on development of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in rearing room system, free air CO2 enrichment system and open roof ventilation system." In THE 2017 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2017 Postgraduate Colloquium. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5027963.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Molitor"

Wiedenbeck, Jan, Philip H. Mitchell, Bobby Ammerman, and Daniel Saloni. Guía del Operador del Molino Preliminar -- 2009. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-41.

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