Dissertationen zum Thema „Molitor“
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Moreira, Nathália Ramalho. „Fisiologia molecular intestinal de Tenebrio molitor“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-15012014-091856/.
Pyrosequencing was performed with two cDNA libraries in the midgut of Tenebrio molitor and the sequences were subjected to assembly with the Newbler program. In order to tackle questions concerning proteins which may be involved in midgut buffering, nutrient absorption, in the secretion of enzymes such as α-mannosidases , and water absorption and secretion, sequences of interest were analyzed in order to clarify those physiological phenomena. The pyrosequencing revealed 19 sequences of α- mannosidases . After multiple alignments, it was suspected that the contig 12 was the continuation of the original sequence of the α-mannosidase. Using appropriate primers, the hypothesis was confirmed and a complete sequence was obtained and named TmMan . Through cladograms generated from the sequences of the contigs obtained, as well as of sequences representing families 38 and 47 of glycoside hydrolases, it was showed that all sequences except the contig 6 and 7 belong to family 38. All sequences with over 100 reads (except contig 9) had their tissue expression assessed by RT-PCR. The results showed that they are expressed only in the midgut or midgut and Malpighian tubules, implying the possibility of having a digestive function. Among these sequences, the only ones with a signal peptide are TmMan1 (contig 12) and contig 14 and therefore they should correspond to the activities Man1 and Man2. Taking into account the number of reads, TmMan1 should correspond to Man2 and contig 14 to Man1. It is possible, though it requires confirmation, that the contigs 8 and 15 are lysosomal. A peptide corresponding to the unique sequence TmMan1 was synthesized and used to generate antibodies that recognized Man2 , but not Man1, confirming the identification of TmMan1 with Man2. This antibody was also used to immunolocalyze TmMan1 in the midgut cells of T. molitor. The results showed that TmMan1 is secreted in an apocrine way by the anterior region of T. molitor midgut. This is the first study that shows the occurrence of α-mannosidases with similar specificity to those lysosomal, but that are secreted in an apocrine way, acting in the midgut lumen, removing mannoses from mannosylated oligosaccharides. We identified 10 different types of carriers and in the development of physiological models it was only taken into account those expressed exclusively in the midgut or midgut and Malpighian tubules . The V- ATPase in T.molitor appears to be a pump used for powering many transports along the midgut, as of oligopeptides. The Na+ and K+ pumps are responsible for charge load balancing and therefore are present in most cell types. Two sequences of oligopeptide / H+ cotransporters were found in the transcriptome and their expression is higher in the posterior region. This agrees with the fact that there is the last possibility of oligopeptides remaining in the lumen to be absorbed. It is highly probable that T.molitor absorbs amino acids and sugars throughout the midgut, once these types of carriers have a uniform expression throughout the midgut . The expression of NH3/NH4+ transporters in T.molitor is confined to the regions where the pH of the insect midgut is more acidic. There is also chloride transporter expression there. The expression of bicarbonate transporters is more significant in the posterior midgut. The results suggest that acidification in the anterior T.molitor midgut may result from the secretion of NH4+ and chloride ions together, whereas the alkalization in the posterior midgut results from bicarbonate release. There is water absortion (along with glucose) throughout the midgut , while the water secretion occurs only in the final two-thirds of the midgut with the aid of aquaporins, complemented by ion transporters. It would result in the net absorption and net secretion of water in the anterior and postertior midgut, respectively. This clarifies the molecular basis of the midgut countercurrent fluxes evidenced by physiological experiments.
Leben, Ernst Ulrich. „Bernard Molitor (1755-1833) : Leben und Werk eines pariser Kunsttischlers /“. Bonn : [s.n.], 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37062013d.
Koch, Katharina Baader Franz von Molitor Franz Joseph. „Franz Joseph Molitor und die jüdische Tradition : Studien zu den kabbalistischen Quellen der "Philosophie der Geschichte". mit einem Anhang unveröffentlichter Briefe von F. von Baader, E.J. Hirschfeld, F.J. Molitor und F.W.J. Schelling [unveröffentlichte Briefe von und an Molitor] /“. Berlin ; New York : de Gruyter, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2780938&prov=M&dok%5Fvar=1&dok%5Fext=htm.
Molitor, Matthias [Verfasser]. „Präzisionspolarimetrie mit Hilfe doppelter Mott-Streuung / Matthias Molitor“. Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212801512/34.
Barnes, Andrew. „Prophylactic immunity in the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14816/.
Gallagher, J. D. „Gregarious immunisation in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12275/.
Molitor, Dominik [Verfasser]. „Location-Based Advertising: Context and Consumer Behavior / Dominik Molitor“. Berlin : epubli GmbH, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080627170/34.
Molitor, Thomas [Verfasser]. „Prozessdiagnose dynamischer Schmelzen zur Regelung von Laserschneidprozessen / Thomas Molitor“. Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071008080/34.
Molitor, Benedikt [Verfasser]. „Die Rolle von sCD40L beim akuten Koronarsyndrom / Benedikt Molitor“. Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1068772883/34.
Moreira, Nathália Ramalho. „α-Manosidases intestinais da larva de Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera)“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-27112008-102556/.
Studies of intestinal function were prompted after noticing that the gut is a huge and relatively unprotected interface between the insect and the environment and can thus be used as a target for pest control. In this context, our work involves the purification and characterization of an soluble alpha-mannosidase and detection of a membrane α-mannosidase. α-Mannosidases are a family of exoglycosidases which hydrolyse α-D-mannosyl residues from terminal non-reducing end of oligossacharides. These enzymes are implicated in the catabolism of carbohydrates and N-linked protein glycosylations in insects, but little is known on this biochemistry. T.molitor is a Coleoptera studied in our laboratory because of its relevance as agricultural pest and its position at a strategic point in the phylogenetic tree of insects. α-Mannosidase is more active in the anterior and middle midgut content of T.molitor larvae, although there is a significant activity in the membrane fraction. To confirm the existence of this membrane enzyme, microvilli were purified by differential precipitation with calcium. Aminopeptidase was used as a marker, since it is known that it is a typical microvilar membrane enzyme. Most α-mannosidase activity is soluble. This led us to purify this enzyme for further characterization. The purification of T. molitor α-mannosidase was attained by using a combination of four chromatographic steps: an anion-exchange chromatography in Hitrap Q XL (Amersham/Bioscience), two gel filtration chromatographies, one in Superdex 200 and another in Superdex 75 (Amersham/Bioscience) using an AKTA system, and the last step is a Hydrophobic cromatography in Phenyl Superose. Two peaks of activity were resolved: Man 1 and Man 2, suggesting the existence of two soluble α-mannosidases, differing only in hydrophobicity. The optimum pH of the α- mannosidases is 5.6 and the molecular mass is 123 KDa determined by gel filtration and 70 KDa in the case of SDS PAGE. This suggests that the holoenzyme has two subunits. In a native gel revealed with the fluorescent substrate (methylumbelliferyl-α-D-mannopyranoside) only one band of activity is seen. Man 2 has pI 3.38. T. molitor α-mannosidases followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km value of 0.84 mM for Man 1 and 0.62 mM for Man 2 using p-nitrophenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside as substrate. Inhibition tests were made with typical inhibitors of α-mannosidases: one is the 1-deoxymannojirimycin and the other is the Swainsonine. The Ki for the first was of 0.12 mM for Man 1 and 0.15 mM for Man 2 and for the second was 67.8 nM for Man 1 and 63 nM for Man 2. Both were competitive inhibitors. The fact that the enzymes are inhibited only by swainsonine in reasonable concentrations, allows us to classify them as type II. This suggests that they are derived from the lysosomal form, although they have an altered optimum pH.
Shea, John Francis. „Gender in factors influencing the infection of the beetle, Tenebrio molitor with the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta“. Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1061405979.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 137 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisors: Jerry F. Downhower and Peter W. Pappas, Dept. of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-137).
Molitor, Vera [Verfasser], und Michèle [Akademischer Betreuer] Tertilt. „Family Economics in Developing Countries / Vera Molitor. Betreuer: Michèle Tertilt“. Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054599297/34.
Damasceno, Ticiane Fraga. „Função de subsítios de uma catepsina digestiva de Tenebrio molitor“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-20012015-143853/.
Cathepsin L, a cysteine proteinase of the papain family, is the major digestive proteinase in the beetle Tenebrio molitor. Previous studies of our group showed that there are three cathepsins L in T. molitor midgut, one is lysosomal (CAL1) and two are digestive (CAL2 and CAL3). The 3D structures of the digestive enzymes were recently elucidated. With the aim to study in details the digestive enzymes specificities, CAL3 was expressed in E. coli as a zymogen, purified by affinity chromatography and autoactivated in acid conditions. Activity assays were performed in a thermostated spectrofluorometer at 30 ºC with 63 FRET peptides derived from the lead sequence Abz-KLRSSKQ-EDDnp, continuously monitoring the fluorescence changes at 320 nm (λex) and 420 nm (λem). The parameters kcat and KM were used in the determination of subsite hydrophobicity (H) and subsite role based on the ratio of complex enzyme-substrate activation energy (ΔG‡T) and free energy of substrate binding (ΔGs). The data obtained suggest that the S2 is mainly involved in catalysis and is very selective to substrates with hydrophobic residues in P2. This subsite is the most hydrophobic among the analyzed and is located in a pocket in the enzyme interior. S\'2, on the other hand, is the less selective subsite and is mainly involved in substrate binding and is located on the enzyme surface, what can ease the accommodation of different side chains located in P\'2 by not imposing many spatial restrictions. S1, is hydrophilic and not very selective, what may be a consequence of its location on the enzyme surface. This subsite is mainly involved in substrate binding. S\'1, just like S1, is located on the enzyme surface, is hydrophilic and not very selective. However this subsite has a role in catalysis besides the role in substrate binding. In an initial 3D structure analysis its catalytic function was attributed to the presence of a part of the oxyanion hole. An enzyme with mutation in the residue W187, which apparently belonged both to the oxyanion hole and S\'1, was produced and purified, but this enzyme was inactive. A better analysis showed that the lack of activity can be attributed to the fact that the mutated residue belongs to an aromatic cluster that is essential to the catalytic triad stabilization. The data obtained in S\'1 and S\'2 characterization suggest that acylation is the limiting step in CAL 3 reaction. The results presented in this work support the concept of subsite hydrophobicity previously proposed by our group, which seems to be true to subsites with more restrict specificities
Koch, Katharina. „Franz Joseph Molitor und die jüdische Tradition Studien zu den kabbalistischen Quellen der "Philosophie der Geschichte"“. Berlin New York de Gruyter, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2780938&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Molitor, Nadine [Verfasser]. „Einfluss der Nierenfunktion auf Mortalität und Prognose bei Leberzirrhose / Nadine Molitor“. Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/110754274X/34.
Armitage, Sophie Alice Octavia. „Costs, colour, cuticle and immunity in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269290.
Dhinaut, Julien. „Ecologie évolutive du priming immunitaire chez le ténébrion meunier, Tenebrio molitor“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK019/document.
Many organisms can improve their immune response as a function of their immunological experience, a phenomenon called immune priming. While the mechanisms through which immune priming is achieved remain unknown, individuals that survived to a given parasite are better protected against subsequent exposures. This immune priming can cross generations (trans-generational immune priming – TGIP), preparing offspring for prevailing parasite environment. Both individual and trans-generational immune priming might be adaptive and may have evolved from repeated challenges by the same pathogens during the host lifetime or across generation. While protection could be cross-reactive, a certain level of specificity may exist in response to the range of pathogens from which immue priming may have evolved. Thus, immune priming and TGIP should be more efficient and less costly with respect to pathogens exposing the host to the greatest probability of re-infection. Moreover, it is now known that insect immune response is genetically variable. To understand the evolution of TGIP and its impact on life history evolution, we need to explore its quantitative genetics. During my thesis, I found that the expression of individual immune priming and TGIP in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, is dependent of a range of pathogens that might have been a major selective pressure on the immune system of this insect species. This was done through the characterisation of costs and benefits of the expression of immune priming in response to challenges with a large range of bacterial pathogens. This work also highlighted potential mechanisms through which these immune phenomena could be achieved.In a first chapter of this thesis, we examined the survival of individuals to infection with different bacteria according to their own immunological experience or that of their mother with these bacteria. We found that priming response to Gram-positive bacteria was particularly more efficient and less costly than priming response to Gram-negative bacteria. This study also shows that, contrary to what is currently believed, the cellular component of the T. molitor immune system does not necessarly play a major role in providing immune protection through individual immune priming or TGIP.In a second chapter, we have stimulated the immune system of adult females with two Gram-positive bacteria to study maternal transfer of immunity to the eggs. We found that the process throght which eggs are protected is dependent on the bacterial pathogen used to immune challenge the mother. Indeed, depending of the bacterial pathogen that immune challenged the mother, antibacterial activity in the eggs are either transfeered by the mother or produced by the egg itself, Furthermore, whatever the mechanism through which egg protection was achieved, primed eggs exhibited enhanced hatching rate and the resulting larvae even showed improved early survival to food privation.In a third chapter, we used inbred lines of T. molitor to study the quantitative genetics of TGIP. The aim of this work was to test whether TGIP could be heritable and whether its expression is genetically associated to other fintness traits of mothers and offspring. Unfortunately, due to a low number of inbred lines available and a low number of samples within some of these lines, it was impossible to conclude about the genetic basis associated to TGIP.In a fourth chapter, we produced a review on TGIP. This allowed us to highlight the main characteristics and mechanisms curently identified, and the ecology and the evolution of the phenomenon.Costs and benefits associated to immune priming and TGIP suggest that Gram-positive bacteria might have been a major selective pressure at the origin of these phenomena in T. molitor. Whether TGIP has genetic basis still required further research
Beton, Daniela. „Estrutura e função das cisteína proteinases intestinais do besouro Tenebrio molitor“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-28042010-141010/.
Cathepsin L is a cysteine proteinase of the papain family (clan CA, family C1), which is the most known among the cysteine proteinases. Cathepsin L, like other proteinases of family C1, is synthesized as an inactive proenzyme that is activated by propeptide removal. The propeptide of cathepsin L-like subfamily contain a highly conserved motif, the so called ERFNIN motif. Cathepsin L corresponds to the major digestive proteinase in Tenebrio molitor. In our laboratory, 3 procathepsins L (pCALs) were cloned and sequenced from a cDNA library prepared from T. molitor larval midguts: pCAL1 (lysosomal CAL), pCAL2 and pCAL3 (digestive enzymes). These proteinases have ERFNIN motif and 3 residues directly involved in catalysis: Cys25, His169, Asn175 with Gln19 (papain numbering). In this work we report the cloning into the expression vector and bacterial expression of the sequences coding pCAL1, pCAL2 and pCAL3. The recombinant procathepsins L were purified by affinity chromatography and activation of these enzymes occurs under acidic conditions. The cathepsins L (CAL1, CAL2 and CAL3) were able to hydrolyse Z-FR-MCA. The polyclonal antibody anti-pCAL2 was produced in rabbit and recognized pCAL2 and CAL2 on immunoblots. Immunoblot analyses of different T. molitor larval tissues demonstrated that the polyclonal antibody anti-pCAL3 recognised pCAL3 and CAL3 in the anterior two-thirds of midgut tissue of T. molitor larvae. Immunolocalization studies indicate that cathepsin L 3 occurs in vesicles in the anterior midgut and microvilli in posterior midgut. To crystallographic studies we expressed pCAL1, pCAL2 and pCAL3 as inactive Cys25→Ser mutants. pCAL3Cys26Ser was crystallized by vapor diffusion in sitting drops against 0.1-1.6 M mono-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The crystals are monoclinic, belonging to space group C2, with cell parameters: a = 57.634 Å, b = 89.322 Å, c = 70.076 Å, α = γ =90°, β = 92.502° and contain one molecule in the asymmetric unit. The structure was determined by molecular replacement using the structure of Fasciola hepatica procathepsin L (42.5% identity) as a model. The model was refined at 2.1 Å resolution with an R factor of 16.19% (Rfree = 20.5%). pCAL2Cys25Ser was crystallized by vapor diffusion in sitting drops against 0.2M sodium acetate, 0.1M sodium cacodylate pH 6.6-6.7 and 20% polyethylene glycol 8,000. The crystals are triclinic, belonging to space group P1, with cell parameters: a = 51.669 Å, b = 52.37 Å, c = 59.716 Å, α = 91.278° γ = 109.586°, β = 91.547° and contain two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The structure was determined by molecular replacement using the structure of procathepsin L 3 (44 % identity) as a model. The model was refined at 2.0 Å resolution with an R factor of 17.61% (Rfree = 22.48%). The tertiary structure ofdigestive procathepsins L is very similar to papain-like cysteine proteinases structures
Ferreira, Alexandre Hamilton Pereira. „Purificação, caracterização, clonagem e seqüenciamento de β-glicosidades de Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera)“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-13082008-081701/.
In the midgut lumen of Tenebrio molitor larvae there are 4 β-glycosidases (named 1, 2, 3a and 3b), not present in the animal food. They were purified with electrophoresis, ion exchange and hydrophobic chromatographies. β-glycosidase 1 (relative molecular weight - Mr 59,000) is unstable at 30°C but is stabilized by substrates. The enzyme hydrolyses di- and oligoglucosides and has a residual activity against galactosides. It has 4 subsites for glucose binding in the active site and its physiological role is the hydrolysis of oligo- and mainly disaccharides. β-glycosidase 2 (Mr 67,000) is unstable at 30°C and hydrolyses efficiently only synthetic galactosides, has poor activity against lactose and is unable to use glucosides as substrates. This enzyme has two active sites. One of them is activated by Triton X-100 and hydrolyses MUβDgal. The other active site is not activated by the detergent and act upon NPβDgal and NPβDfuc. The physiological role ofthis enzyme may be the digestion of galactolipids. The β-glycosidases 3a and 3b (Mr 59,000) are likely isoforms, since they have similar kinetic parameters, identical HPLC peptide elution patterns after proteolytic cleavage and the same amino acid sequence of an internal peptide. A specific antibody raised against β-glycosidase 3a recognizes β-glycosidase 3b, but not β-glycosidase 1 and 2. Two clones were obtained screening a cDNA library, trom Tenebrio molitor midgut mRNA, with this antibody. The final result showed a cDNA of 1,570 pb coding for 485 amino acids in mature protein. The protein sequences showed high similarity with family 1 glycoside hydrolases and have the same amino acid sequence determined for peptides obtained after proteolytic hydrolysis of β-glycosidase 3a and 3b. The immunocytolocalization with this antibody showed that β-glycosidase 3a and 3b are secreted by exocytosis of small vesicles present in posterior midgut. These enzymes have four subsites for glucose binding and can hydrolyse di- and oligosaccharides, alkyl glucosides and toxic plant glucosides. Substrate competition experiments showed that they have only one active site responsible for the hydrolysis of all substrates. Their role may be mainly the intermediate digestion of hemicelluloses and cellulose.
Prabhakar, Sheila. „Molecular characterization of digestive proteases of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L“. Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/170.
Bu, Sen. „Modification, Expression, and Purification of Hyperactive Antifreeze Proteins from Insect Tenebrio Molitor“. Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1328667906.
Hurd, H. „Hymenolepis diminuta : The pathophysiology of infection in the intermediate host, Tenebrio molitor“. Thesis, Keele University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354932.
Dobson, Adam. „The evolutionary ecology of reciprocal resistance in Tenebrio molitor and Staphylococcus aureus“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2572/.
Patterson, Andrew King. „Chemosensitivity in mealworms and Darkling beetles (Tenebrio molitor) across oxygen and carbon dioxide gradients“. Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1472154010.
Guo, Zhiqing [Verfasser]. „Ecological interactions of Fusarium species and the meal beetle Tenebrio molitor / Zhiqing Guo“. Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1117135020/34.
Molitor, Anne [Verfasser]. „Ausdauertraining versus Höhenexposition bei noch nicht insulinpflichtigem Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 / Anne Molitor“. Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/101617943X/34.
Pursall, Emma Rhiannon. „Long-term costs of early-life infection in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527204.
Molitor, Sebastian [Verfasser], Viktoria [Gutachter] Däschlein-Gessner und Dietmar [Gutachter] Stalke. „Stabilisierung und Reaktivität carbenoider Verbindungen / Sebastian Molitor. Gutachter: Viktoria Däschlein-Gessner ; Dietmar Stalke“. Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1112466347/34.
Mertens, Bram. „Das Denken der Lehre : Walter Benjamin, Franz Joseph Molitor and the Jewish tradition“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13924/.
Fim, Neto Arnaldo 1987. „Estudo da atividade contrátil do coração do inseto T. molitor : instrumentação e experimentação“. [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259394.
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T21:15:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FimNeto_Arnaldo_M.pdf: 1424780 bytes, checksum: 73cab0ac057a4075313d76ce8e26bbbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: O vaso dorsal de insetos tem sido proposto como um modelo mais simples para estudar o desempenho do coração em diferentes condições. O vaso dorsal apresenta características semelhantes às encontradas no coração de vertebrados (e.g. atividades cronotrópica e inotrópica dependentes do ambiente iônico e da ação de neurotransmissores), mas os mecanismos envolvidos na sua atividade inotrópica estão pouco explorados. Neste trabalho, desenvolvemos instrumentação e métodos com o objetivo de estudar aspectos da atividade inotrópica in situ do vaso dorsal do coleóptero T. molitor. Foram desenvolvidos dois métodos para estimar a redução do diâmetro luminal do vaso dorsal durante as contrações. Um foi baseado na detecção da "quantidade de luz" emitida por um conjunto de pixels de uma imagem de vídeo do centro do lúmen do vaso, e o outro, na medição do diâmetro do lúmen, como visto na imagem de vídeo. Os métodos se mostraram aplicáveis, mas o último foi menos sensível a variações das condições experimentais. O diâmetro diastólico luminal foi 148,70 ± 5,09 ?m, consistente com dados da literatura. Com a instrumentação desenvolvida, e a partir do controle da frequência de contrações por meio de estimulação elétrica, foi possível estudar o efeito de intervenções inotrópicas. A relação entre a redução de diâmetro (amplitude da contração) e frequência foi negativa (p< 0,05 na faixa de 1,0-2,5 Hz). A incubação do coração com cafeína, que tipicamente depleta a carga de Ca2+ do reticulo sarcoplasmático (RS), produziu um efeito inotrópico negativo, diminuindo a redução sistólica do diâmetro luminal de 56,32 ± 4,85 para 35,05 ± 3,86 % (n = 7, p< 0,05), o que sugere um papel funcional do RS na atividade inotrópica. O aumento da concentração externa de Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o) na faixa de 0,5 a 8,0 mM, durante estimulação elétrica a 1,5 Hz, aumentou significativamente a amplitude das contrações de 43,23 ± 2,51 para 66,60 ± 3,31% do diâmetro luminal (n=7, p< 0,05). Os resultados mostram que ambos [Ca2+]o e carga de Ca2+ do RS são fatores regulatórios importantes da atividade contrátil do vaso dorsal do T. molitor, além de afetar a atividade cronotrópica, como demonstrada previamente no nosso laboratório
Abstract: The dorsal vessel of insects has been proposed as a simplified model to study the performance of the heart. The dorsal vessel shares important features with the vertebrate heart (e.g. chronotropic and inotropic activities affected by the ionic environment and neurotransmitters), but the mechanisms involved in its inotropic activity are not clear yet. In this work, we developed instrumentation and methods aiming at studying the contractile activity of the in situ dorsal vessel of the coleopterum T. molitor. Two methods were developed to estimate the decrease in the dorsal vessel lumen during contractions. One was based on the detection of the "amount of light" emitted by a set of pixels at the center of the dorsal vessel video image, and the other, on the measurement of the luminal width in the dorsal vessel image. The methods were shown to be applicable, but the latter was less sensitive to variations in the experimental conditions. The measured diastolic diameter of the dorsal vessel was 148.70 ± 5.09 ?m, which was consistent with the values in the literature. With the developed instrumentation, and by controlling the beating rate by electrical stimulation, it was possible to study the effect of inotropic interventions. The relationship between contraction amplitude and stimulation rate was negative (p< 0.05 in the range of 1.0-2.5 Hz). Incubation of the heart with caffeine, which typically depletes the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load, produced a negative inotropic effect, decreasing the systolic reduction of luminal diameter from 56.32 ± 4.85 to 35.05 ± 3.86 % (n = 7, p< 0.05), which is suggestive of a functional participation of the SR in the inotropic activity. Increasing the extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o) in the range of 0.5 - 8.0 mM during electrical stimulation at 1.5 Hz significantly increased contraction amplitude from 43.23 ± 2.51 to 66.60 ± 3.31% of the luminal diameter; (n=7, p< 0.05). The present results show that both [Ca2+]o and the SR Ca2+ load are important factors in the regulation of the contractile activity of the T. molitor dorsal vessel, in addition to their influence on the chronotropic activity, as previously observed in this laboratory
Mestrado
Engenharia Biomedica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
Choi, Young Eun. „A Study on the Hyperactive Antifreeze Proteins from the Insect Tenebrio molitor“. Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1195953014.
Molitor, Anne [Verfasser], und Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Wüst. „Involvement of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Polymorphisms in Human Cognitive Function / Anne Molitor ; Betreuer: Stefan Wüst“. Trier : Universität Trier, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1197806059/34.
OH, JOONGSEOK. „DESIGN OF RECOMBINANT TENEBRIO MOLITOR ANTIFREEZE PROTEIN FOR PURIFICATION USING ELASTIN-LIKE POLYPEPTIDE TAG“. Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1409230499.
Worden, Bradley Dean. „Female mating behavior in the Beetle Tenebrio Molitor : polyandry and parasite-mediated sexual selection /“. The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488205318511058.
Bahjou, Ahmed. „Le Métabolisme du corps gras in vitro de Tenebrio molitor effets de deux types d'hormones“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595654v.
Duran, Ana Gilhema Gomez. „Caracterização da trealase intestinal da larva Tenebrio molitor e clonagem do cDNA que a codifica“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-01092014-163452/.
Intestinal trehalase was purified from Tenebrio molitor larvae after three chromatographic steps (hidrophobic, interaction, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration). The pure enzyme has an specific activity of 16.5 U/mg, molecular mass of 58 kDa, optimum pH of 5.3 and Km of 0.43 ± 0.03 mM. Amygdalin (Ki = 0.22 mM), prunasin (Ki = 0.43 mM), phlorizin (Ki = 0.50 mM), phloretin (Ki = 0.008 mM), methyl-α-mannoside (Ki = 43 mM), salicin (Ki = 186 mM), and glucone-δ-lactone (Ki = 1.4 mM) are competitive inhibitors of the enzyme. Mandelonitrile (the aglycon of the glucosides amygdalin and prunasin) is a non-competitive mixed-type inhibitor (Ki = 3.8 mM and α = 1.5). Gentiobiose, methyl-α-glucoside, 1,10 phenanthroline and Tris in concentrations of 10 mM, 200 mM, 4 mM, and 264 mM, respectively, were unable to inhibit the enzyme. We designed a model for trehalase active site, taking into account inhibition and multiple inhibition experiments plus protection afforded by competitive inhibitors against the chemical modification of amino acid residues. The site has two assimetric subsites for glucose binding. Phloretin binds to subsite II and methyl-α-mannoside and glucone-δ-lactone bind to subsite I. In this subsite, one His residue modulates the p(Ka of the carboxylate group that acts as a nucleophile in catalysis. The carboxylate and one Arg residue, that acts as a proton donor, are placed in the region between the two subsites. Using RT-PCR techniques, the cDNA coding for T. molitor intestinal trehalase was cloned. From the sequence, we can suppose that the enzyme is soluble and calculate that the molecular mass of the protein would be 61 kDa. T. molitor trehalase can be classified as a member of family 37 of glycoside hydrolases. No member of this family has their catalytical groups nor its 3D structure known.
Major, Mary. „Impairment of vitellogenesis in an intermediate host, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera), parasitized by Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda)“. Thesis, Keele University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363820.
Costa, Sara Machado. „Proteínas de larvas de Tenebrio molitor (L., 1758) : extração, caracterização e aplicação num produto alimentar“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13222.
A mudança no regime alimentar das populações dos diferentes países, potenciou o desenvolvimento dos regimes intensivos de produção que resultou em efeitos negativos sobre o meio ambiente levando à necessidade de se encontrarem fontes alternativas de proteína para sustentar a população humana no futuro. Uma das alternativas seriam as proteínas de insetos uma vez que a sua produção é sustentável, de baixos custos e com menor impacto negativo sobre o meio ambiente. Assim, o objetivo desta dissertação consistiu, em primeiro lugar, na avaliação nutricional e determinação do teor dos principais contaminantes (químicos e microbiológicos) das larvas de Tenebrio molitor e, posterior extração e caracterização nutricional e funcional das proteínas extraídas dessas larvas. Foi também objetivo a incorporação destas proteínas num produto alimentar. As larvas de Tenebrio molitor apresentam um elevado teor proteico (18%) e lipídico (10%) e são uma fonte de aminoácidos essenciais e ácidos gordos, equiparada a outras fontes de proteína animal. Estas larvas apresentam ainda um baixo teor de contaminantes químicos e, apesar da elevada carga microbiana e não foi detetada a presença das bactérias patogénicas. As condições de extração que permitiram obter proteínas de Tenebrio molitor com melhores propriedades funcionais foram: solubilização a pH 12, proporção de larvas:água 1:20, temperatura de solubilização de 20 ºC com 30 min de agitação e precipitação a pH 4. Estas proteínas apresentam um teor de proteína e gordura entre 10 a 12% e propriedades funcionais semelhantes a proteínas de origem animal e vegetal. Para além disso são uma excelente fonte dos aminoácidos essenciais histidina, treonina, fenilalanina e tirosina. Estas características tornam estas proteínas um excelente ingrediente para produtos alimentares. A incorporação das proteínas extraídas em bolachas de manteiga resultou num aumento do teor proteico e lipídico do produto, conferindo-lhes uma cor mais escura e tonalidade mais avermelhada. Em termos sensoriais, as bolachas com proteínas extraídas de Tenebrio molitor obtiveram na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados um índice de satisfação de pelo menos 80% e o painel demonstrou que teria a intenção de adquirir este produto com alguma frequência.
ABSTRACT - Tenebrio molitor (L., 1758) PROTEIN LARVAE: EXTRACTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND FOOD PRODUCT APPLICATION - The triggering to find alternative sources of animal protein to sustain the human population has been induced by the negative environmental impact in result of the animal intensive production system. Insects have suitable proteins and its production is sustainable, with lower cost and impact in the environment. The objective of this work was, primarily, the nutritional evaluation and quantification of chemical and microbiological contaminants of Tenebrio molitor larvae. Thereafter, extraction and nutritional and functional characterization of Tenebrio molitor protein was performed, following by their incorporation to a food product. Tenebrio molitor larvae presented high proteic (18%) and lipidic (10%) content and, comparatively to other sources of animal protein, they are a good source of essential amino acids and fatty acids. They presented low content of chemical contaminants and despite the high microbiological count, no pathogenic bacteria’s were detected. Tenebrio molitor protein optimum extraction conditions were: solubilization at pH of 12, larvae:water ratio of 1:20 and 30 min of stirring at 20ºC of temperature, followed by the precipitation at pH 4. The protein extracted had a proteic and lipidic content about 10 to 12% and they presented functional properties similar to other animal and vegetal proteins. These properties together with their high essential amino acids content make them suitable as a food ingredient. Although resulted in a darker and reddish cookie, the incorporation of Tenebrio molitor protein in butter cookies, an increase of proteic and lipidic content was observed. Sensorial evaluation revealed that these cookies had 80% score in all parameters and the panelist had the intention to acquire this product.
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Bacala, Ray. „In vitro studies of sex pheromone biosynthesis in the yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0010/MQ53083.pdf.
Warr, Emma. „Mechanisms underlying the manipulation of reproduction in female Tenebrio molitor by molecules produced by Hymenolepis diminuta“. Thesis, Keele University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409547.
Hinton, Andrew. „Purification, cloning, expression and characterization of juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) from Manduca sexta and Tenebrio molitor /“. For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Oliveira, Érica Moreira de. „Purificação e caracterização de uma carboxipeptidase e de uma dipeptidase da larva de Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera)“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-27112008-104922/.
Because of adverse effects caused by insecticides in environment and in animals and humans, new methods for insect control are necessary. Knowledge on insect digestive physiology may be instrumental in this direction, as the gut is the major interface between insect and its environment. Our work involves the purification and characterization of a digestive carboxypeptidase and a digestive dipeptidase from Tenebrio molitor. Those enzymes comprise the class of insect digestive enzymes less studied. Distribution studies showed that T. molitor dipeptidase and carboxypeptidase are more active in the midgut content. The purification of T. molitor dipeptidase and carboxypeptidase was attained using a combination of anion-exchange chromatographies and gel filtration. The optimum pH of dipeptidase is 7.6 and the carboxypeptidase is 7.4. The kinetic parameters showed that the T. molitor digestive dipeptidase prefers as substrates dipeptides having a large lateral chain in P1 position.
Alexandre, Daniel. „Investigação sobre a adaptação do inseto praga de cereais Tenebrio molitor a inibidores de proteinases digestivas“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/93921.
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Nas larvas de Tenebrio molitor (verme do trigo) são encontrados variados tipos de proteinases digestivas serínicas e cisteínicas, quando alimentados com uma dieta controle de farinha de trigo. Quando alimentados com farinha do feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris), pelo menos cinco proteinases apresentam atividade mais elevadas, enquanto a expressão de três enzimas pré-existentes foi reprimida. A indução dessas proteinases ocorreu entre 30 min e 1 h após a alimentação. Aqui nós relatamos o fracionamento das proteinases envolvidas na adaptação de T. molitor a inibidores de proteinases em sementes de leguminosas incorporadas em uma dieta controle usando cromatografia de troca iônica e filtração em gel, seguida pela caracterização das enzimas com substratos e inibidores naturais e sintéticos. Os inibidores utilizados neste estudo (todos incorporados na concentração de 0,4% no farelo de trigo) foram: inibidor de tripsina de soja (STI), inibidor de tripsina e quimotripsina de soja (SBI), inibidor de tripsina de Adenanttera pavonina (ApTI) e o inibidor de tripsina de P. vulgaris (BTI). As atividades proteolíticas foram ensaiadas para azoalbumina, para os substratos fluorogênicos z-PR-MCA, z-RR-MCA e succinil-GGR-MCA e os substratos cromogênicos suc-AAPF-pNA e benzoil-R-pNA. As atividades também foram monitoradas através de zimogramas e de fracionamento em géis bidimensionais. Dos quatro inibidores testados, o ApTI foi capaz de inibir as enzimas proteolíticas majoritárias sem induzir enzimas insensíveis a este inibidor, enquanto os outros inibidores além de inibir as proteinases constitutivas causaram indução de um conjunto diferente de proteinases serínicas. Entre as proteinases induzidas, uma era de interesse particular, pois foi induzida após sessenta minutos após a ingestão de SBI, STI e BTI. Esta proteinase teve sua atividade caracterizada como uma quimotripsina através de análise eletroforética bidimensional seguida de sequenciamento por espectrometria de massas.
Panini, Roseane Lucia. „Qualidade pós-despesca do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei alimentado com farinha de larva de Tenebrio molitor“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2017. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/177875.
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Estudos recentes têm destacado o valor da farinha de inseto como substituto parcial ou total de farinha de peixe para a alimentação aquícola. Do ponto de vista nutricional, dependendo da espécie e/ou fase de vida, os insetos são ricos em proteínas e lipídeos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito da utilização da farinha de larva de Tenebrio molitor (TM) na dieta do camarão branco do Pacífico (Litopeneaus vannamei), em substituição à farinha de peixe, no que diz respeito ao desempenho zootécnico e qualidade pós-despesca. Inicialmente, foi determinada a composição centesimal e os perfis de aminoácidos e ácidos graxos da TM. Os coeficientes da digestibilidade aparente (CDAs) da TM foram determinados para o camarão L. vannamei e a partir dos resultados dos CDAs da TM foram preparadas cinco dietas com diferentes níveis de substituição de farinha de peixe por TM (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 %), as quais foram empregadas na avaliação do desempenho zootécnico e qualidade do camarão L. vannamei após seis semanas de cultivo. A TM apresentou teores elevados de proteína(558,2 g kg-1), lipídeos (346,4 g kg-1) e baixo teor de cinzas (30,3 g kg- 1). Possui todos os aminoácidos essenciais, sendo a metionina encontrada em menor quantidade. Os ácidos graxos mais abundantes daTM são o ácido oleico (C18:1n9), seguido do ácido palmítico (C16:0) edo ácido linoleico (C18:2n6), que constituíram 47,17, 17,78 e 15,80 % do total de ácidos graxos, respectivamente. O ácido linolênico foi detectado em uma baixa quantidade, enquanto os ácidos eicosapentaenóico (EPA) e docosahexaenóico (DHA) não foram detectados. Os valores dos CDAs da TM para o camarão L. vannamei foram 45,9 % para matéria seca, 66,5 % para energia, 76,1 % para proteína e para os aminoácidos essenciais os valores variaram de 72 a 86%. O aminoácido metionina mostrou ser o aminoácido limitante da TM para o camarão L. vannamei. Os parâmetros de crescimento avaliados como ganho de peso, taxa de crescimento específico, ingestão alimentar, conversão alimentar, retenção proteica e sobrevivência não foram afetados pela substituição da farinha de peixe por TM (p > 0,05). Em relação à qualidade do camarão L. vannamei, o teor de proteína do músculo não foi afetado (p > 0,05) com a substituição da farinha de peixe pela TM. Contudo, a substituição afetou o teor de lipídeos e o perfil de ácidos graxos (p < 0,05) do camarão. Apesar dos lipídeos serem o menor constituinte do músculo, o seu teor aumentou significativamente com o aumento dos níveis de substituição, enquanto, que os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados EPA e DHA diminuíram linearmente. A cor e a firmeza mantiveram-se inalteradas. Desta forma, com este estudo, sugere-se que a farinha de larva de T. molitor tem um grande potencial para ser utilizada como um ingrediente alternativo à farinha de peixe na dieta do camarão L. vannamei, embora o aminoácido metionina seja limitante. Além disso, é importante melhorar o perfil dos ácidos graxos da larva de T. molitor, uma vez que estes refletem no perfil dos ácidos graxos do camarão, possivelmente por meio da inclusão de fontes de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados na dieta do inseto.
Abstract : Studies on replacing the use of fishmeal in fish diets with insects are showing promising results and have encouraged further research. Insects are a highly nutritious food source, rich in proteins and lipids, depending on the species and stages of development. This study investigated the use of mealworm (MW) as a fishmeal substitute for the farmed shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, especially the possible influence on performance and postharvest quality. Firstly, the proximate composition, essential amino acid and fatty acid profiles of MW were determined. MW was evaluated for apparent crude protein, aminoacids, and energy digestibility when fed to L. vannamei juvenile. Subsequently, the digestible values of MW were evaluated after six weeks of shrimp culture using five diets containing different proportions of fishmeal replaced by MW (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %), the performance and the postharvest quality were evaluated. MW protein values observed were558.2 g kg-1 and lipid values were 346.4 g kg-1. The MW essential amino acids profile showed a low amount of methionine. The fatty acidcompositions of MW showed elevated levels of oleic acid (18:1n9),palmitic acid (16:0) and linoleic acid (18:2n6), corresponding to 47.17,17.78 and 15.8 % of total fatty acids, respectively. MW had a low level of linolenic acid (18:3n3) and no long-chain PUFAs (i.e., EPA and DHA). The values for ADC were: 45.9 % for dry matter, 66.5 % for energy and 76.1 % for crude protein while the ADC value for essential amino acids ranged from 72 to 86 %. Methionine was the only limiting amino acid in MW when used to culture L. vannamei. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion, survival and protein retention were not affected when fishmeal was replaced by MW (p > 0.05). The protein content of shrimps showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the treatments. However, the replacement affected the shrimp lipid content and fatty acid profile (p < 0.05). EPA and DHA fatty acids decreased linearly with increasing levels of fishmeal substitution by MW. Colour and firmness were unchanged between the treatments. The results suggested that mealworm is a suitable feed ingredient to replace fishmeal in diets for L. vannamei, although methionine is a limiting amino acid. It is also important to optimize the fatty acid profile of MW, since it reflects in the shrimp?s fatty acid profile, possibly by addiction of polyunsaturated fatty acid sources in the insect diet.
Carver, Fiona J. „The effects of the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta, on reproduction in the male intermediate host, Tenebrio molitor“. Thesis, Keele University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388353.
Árendásová, Veronika. „Využití hmyzí mouky pro potravinářské a krmní účely“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449726.
Wefel, Sandro [Verfasser], P. [Akademischer Betreuer] Molitor und J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Dittmann. „Hardware-Crypto-Token gestütztes Single Sign-On für zertifikatsbasierte Authentifizierung / Sandro Wefel. Betreuer: P. Molitor ; J. Dittmann“. Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1024975770/34.
Wiehart, Ursula Isabella Manya. „Mechanisms and control of secretion in the Malpighian tubules of Tenebrio molitor : an immunohistochemical and electrophysiological study“. Pretoria: [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07012005-104420.
Molitor, Annalena [Verfasser]. „Vergleichende Untersuchungen zum molekularbiologischen Nachweis von Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in Milch und Säuglingsanfangsnahrung / Annalena Molitor“. Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1068590262/34.
Sato, Paloma Mieko. „Purificação, caracterização físico-químico e cinética das quimotripsinas digestivas de Periplaneta americana, Tenebrio molitor e Diatraea saccharalis“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-09022008-144553/.
Chymotrypsins (EC 3.4.21.1) are serine proteases with 245 amino acids disposed in two double ?-barrel domains, being the active site locate between these two domains. The specificity study of endopeptidases was facilitated by the substrate binding site concept that is the active site of these enzymes. However there is not much information about the subsites specificity of insect chymotrypsins. The specificity study of insects chymotrypsins subsites of Periplaneta americana, Tenebrio molitor and Diatraea saccharalis showed higher substrate hydrolysis efficiency with Tyr in P1, however the Phe/Tyr proportion for different insects are varied. These differences have shown different specificities for insect chymotrypsins in P1. Meanwhile, this difference does not follow the position occupied by insects in evolutive scale, and it is less clear than those showed by the same insect trypsins were there is primary specificity cross. Like Diatraea saccharalis, the Periplaneta americana chymotrypsin breaks the substrate with Pro in P2. Nevertheless the same does not happen to Tenebrio molitor chymotrypsin with the higher kcat/Km for the peptide with Ala in P2, this preference may be related to the different conformation of Pro. The three studied chymotrypsins showed higher kcat/Km for the peptide with Ile in P3, what indicates that this subsite has a key role on these enzymes discrimination for substrates with specific amino acids in this position. The Periplaneta americana and Diatraea saccharalis chymotrypsins presented higher kcat/Km for the peptide with Ser in P1` evidencing that the hydroxyl group side chain presence in Ser and low side chain volume made this subsite more selective than Tenebrio molitor chymotrypsin with higher kcat/Km by Ala peptide. This study collaborates to a best knowledge about the subsite specificities of the insect digestive endopeptidases and the best inhibitors for purification or synthesis with direct action in insect digestive enzymes and to be utilized for transgenic plants or bio-insecticides production.