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Journal articles on the topic 'Α-Defensin'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

El-Mowafy, Mohammed, Abdelaziz Elgaml, Naglaa Abass, Amany A Mousa, and Mohamed N Amin. "The antimicrobial peptide alpha defensin correlates to type 2 diabetes via the advanced glycation end products pathway." African Health Sciences 22, no. 1 (2022): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v22i1.37.

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Background: Diabetes is a serious health problem that results in high mortality rates worldwide. α-defensins are antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune system that contribute to inflammation. However, data on serum levels of α-defensin in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes are limited. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the possible changes in α-defensin serum levels in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes and to investigate its correlation with relevant biomarkers. Methodology: Analysis of serum α-defensin levels in 47 type 2 diabetics with diabetic neuropathy, 19

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2

Patil, Amar, Austin L. Hughes та Guolong Zhang. "Rapid evolution and diversification of mammalian α-defensins as revealed by comparative analysis of rodent and primate genes". Physiological Genomics 20, № 1 (2004): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00150.2004.

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Mammalian α-defensins constitute a family of cysteine-rich, cationic antimicrobial peptides produced by phagocytes and intestinal Paneth cells, playing an important role in innate host defense. Following comprehensive computational searches, here we report the discovery of complete repertoires of the α-defensin gene family in the human, chimpanzee, rat, and mouse with new genes identified in each species. The human genome was found to encode a cluster of 10 distinct α-defensin genes and pseudogenes expanding 132 kb continuously on chromosome 8p23. Such α-defensin loci are also conserved in the

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3

Shi, Jishu, Shelly Aono, Wuyuan Lu, et al. "Regulation of IL-1beta secretion by defensins (100.11)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (2007): S199. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.100.11.

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Abstract Impaired expression of antimicrobial peptides α defensins and overproduction of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we examine the interactions between defensins and IL-1β and the role of defensin-deficiency in the pathogenesis of IBD. It was found that matrix metalloproteinase-7 deficient (MMP-7−/−) mice, which produce procryptdins but not mature cryptdins (α-defensins) in the intestine, were more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Furthermore, the baseline and DSS-induced IL-1β production

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Kling, Carolin, Anja Sommer, Yasser Almeida-Hernandez та ін. "Inhibition of Pertussis Toxin by Human α-Defensins-1 and -5: Differential Mechanisms of Action". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, № 13 (2023): 10557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310557.

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Whooping cough is a severe childhood disease, caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which releases pertussis toxin (PT) as a major virulence factor. Previously, we identified the human antimicrobial peptides α-defensin-1 and -5 as inhibitors of PT and demonstrated their capacity to inhibit the activity of the PT enzyme subunit PTS1. Here, the underlying mechanism of toxin inhibition was investigated in more detail, which is essential for developing the therapeutic potential of these peptides. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry revealed that α-defensin-5 strongly reduced PT binding

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Madison, M. Nia, Yuliya Y. Kleshchenko, Pius N. Nde, Kaneatra J. Simmons, Maria F. Lima та Fernando Villalta. "Human Defensin α-1 Causes Trypanosoma cruzi Membrane Pore Formation and Induces DNA Fragmentation, Which Leads to Trypanosome Destruction". Infection and Immunity 75, № 10 (2007): 4780–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00557-07.

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ABSTRACT Human defensins play a fundamental role in the initiation of innate immune responses to some microbial pathogens. Here we show that human defensin α-1 displays a trypanocidal role against Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease. The toxicity of human defensin α-1 against T. cruzi is mediated by membrane pore formation and the induction of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA fragmentation, leading to trypanosome destruction. Exposure of trypomastigote and amastigote forms of T. cruzi to defensin α-1 significantly reduced parasite viability in a peptide concentration-depende

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Shanahan, Michael T., Hiroki Tanabe та André J. Ouellette. "Strain-Specific Polymorphisms in Paneth Cell α-Defensins of C57BL/6 Mice and Evidence of Vestigial Myeloid α-Defensin Pseudogenes". Infection and Immunity 79, № 1 (2010): 459–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00996-10.

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ABSTRACTPaneth cells at the base of small intestinal crypts secrete microbicidal α-defensins, termed cryptdins (Crps) in mice, as mediators of innate immunity. Proteomic studies show that five abundant Paneth cell α-defensins in C57BL/6 mice are strain specific in that they have not been identified in other inbred strains of mice. Two C57BL/6-specific peptides are coded for by theDefcr20and -21genes evident in the NIH C57BL/6 genome but absent from the Celera mixed-strain assembly, which excludes C57BL/6 data and differs from the NIH build with respect to the organization of the α-defensin gen

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Chang, Theresa Li-Yun, Fleur François, Arevik Mosoian та Mary E. Klotman. "CAF-Mediated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Transcriptional Inhibition Is Distinct from α-Defensin-1 HIV Inhibition". Journal of Virology 77, № 12 (2003): 6777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.12.6777-6784.2003.

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ABSTRACT CD8+ T lymphocytes can inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication by secreting a soluble factor(s) known as CD8+ T-lymphocyte antiviral factor (CAF). One site of CAF action is inhibition of HIV-1 RNA transcription, particularly at the step of long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven gene expression. The inhibitory effect of CAF on HIV-1 LTR activation is mediated through STAT1 activation. A recent study reports that α-defensins 1 to 3 account for CAF activity against HIV-1. Here, we address whether α-defensins, particularly α-defensin-1, contribute to CAF-mediated inhibi

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8

Johnson, Candice A., Girish Rachakonda, Yuliya Y. Kleshchenko та ін. "Cellular Response to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Induces Secretion of Defensin α-1, Which Damages the Flagellum, Neutralizes Trypanosome Motility, and Inhibits Infection". Infection and Immunity 81, № 11 (2013): 4139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01459-12.

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ABSTRACTHuman defensins play a fundamental role in the initiation of innate immune responses to some microbial pathogens. Here we show that colonic epithelial model HCT116 cells respond toTrypanosoma cruziinfection by secreting defensin α-1, which reduces infection. We also report the early effects of defensin α-1 on invasive trypomastigotes that involve damage of the flagellar structure to inhibit parasite motility and reduce cellular infection. Short exposure of defensin α-1 to trypomastigotes shows that defensin α-1 binds to the flagellum, resulting in flagellar membrane and axoneme alterat

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Tanabe, Hiroki, Jun Yuan, Melinda M. Zaragoza та ін. "Paneth Cell α-Defensins from Rhesus Macaque Small Intestine". Infection and Immunity 72, № 3 (2004): 1470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.3.1470-1478.2004.

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ABSTRACT Antimicrobial peptides are secreted by small intestinal Paneth cells as components of innate immunity. To investigate the role of α-defensins in enteric host defenses in nonhuman primates, α-defensin cDNAs were isolated, α-defensin peptides were purified from rhesus macaque small bowel, and the bactericidal activities of the peptides were measured. Six rhesus enteric α-defensin (RED) cDNAs, RED-1 to RED-6, were identified in a jejunum cDNA library; the deduced RED peptides exhibited extensive diversity relative to the primary structures of rhesus myeloid α-defensins. RED-4 was purifie

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Shimizu, Yu, Kiminori Nakamura, Aki Yoshii та ін. "Paneth cell α-defensin misfolding correlates with dysbiosis and ileitis in Crohn’s disease model mice". Life Science Alliance 3, № 6 (2020): e201900592. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201900592.

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Crohn’s disease (CD) is an intractable inflammatory bowel disease, and dysbiosis, disruption of the intestinal microbiota, is associated with CD pathophysiology. ER stress, disruption of ER homeostasis in Paneth cells of the small intestine, and α-defensin misfolding have been reported in CD patients. Because α-defensins regulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota, their misfolding may cause dysbiosis. However, whether ER stress, α-defensin misfolding, and dysbiosis contribute to the pathophysiology of CD remains unknown. Here, we show that abnormal Paneth cells with markers of ER st

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Ryan, Lisa K., Janice Rhodes, Meenakshi Bhat та Gill Diamond. "Expression of β-Defensin Genes in Bovine Alveolar Macrophages". Infection and Immunity 66, № 2 (1998): 878–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.2.878-881.1998.

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ABSTRACT Bovine alveolar macrophages (BAM) were examined for the expression of β-defensins and to determine whether their expression could be upregulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as observed with β-defensins expressed in bovine tracheal epithelial cells. Four β-defensins were expressed constitutively in BAM, with bovine neutrophil β-defensin (BNBD)-4 and BNBD-5 being the most predominant. This is the first evidence of β-defensin gene expression in a mature myeloid cell. LPS had no effect on β-defensin expression in BAM, even though tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production w

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Madison, Marisa Nia, Yuliya Kleshchenko, Pius Nde, Kaneatra Simmons, Maria F. Lima та Fernando Villalta. "Defensin α-1 expression is up-regulated in human cells in response to early Trypanosoma cruzi infection as an innate immune mechanism to decrease cellular infection via membrane pore formation leading to apoptosis (51.6)". Journal of Immunology 178, № 1_Supplement (2007): S97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.51.6.

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Abstract Defensins play a fundamental role in the initiation of immune responses to selected human pathogens. Here, we show that early cellular infection by T. cruzi up-regulates the expression and secretion of defensin α-1, which displayed a trypanocidal role mediated by pore-formation resulting in apoptosis of the parasite. Analysis of the whole human epithelial cell transcriptome upon short infection of cells by T. cruzi indicates that the parasite up-regulates the levels of transcripts of defensin α-1. Defensin α-1, at concentrations not toxic for host cells, significantly reduced the viab

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Zhao, Cheng, Jessica M. Porter, Phillip C. Burke, Niklas Arnberg, and Jason G. Smith. "Alpha-defensin binding expands human adenovirus tropism." PLOS Pathogens 20, no. 6 (2024): e1012317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012317.

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Mammalian α-defensins are a family of abundant effector peptides of the mucosal innate immune system. Although primarily considered to be antimicrobial, α-defensins can increase rather than block infection by certain prominent bacterial and viral pathogens in cell culture and in vivo. We have shown previously that exposure of mouse and human adenoviruses (HAdVs) to α-defensins is able to overcome competitive inhibitors that block cell binding, leading us to hypothesize a defensin-mediated binding mechanism that is independent of known viral receptors. To test this hypothesis, we used genetic a

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Llenado, R. Alan, Colby S. Weeks, Melanie J. Cocco та André J. Ouellette. "Electropositive Charge in α-Defensin Bactericidal Activity: Functional Effects of Lys-for-Arg Substitutions Vary with the Peptide Primary Structure". Infection and Immunity 77, № 11 (2009): 5035–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00695-09.

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ABSTRACT Cationic amino acids contribute to α-defensin bactericidal activity. Curiously, although Arg and Lys have equivalent electropositive charges at neutral pH, α-defensins contain an average of nine Arg residues per Lys residue. To investigate the role of high α-defensin Arg content, all Arg residues in mouse Paneth cell α-defensin cryptdin 4 (Crp4) and rhesus myeloid α-defensin 4 (RMAD-4) were replaced with Lys to prepare (R/K)-Crp4 and (R/K)-RMAD-4, respectively. Lys-for-Arg replacements in Crp4 attenuated bactericidal activity and slowed the kinetics of Escherichia coli ML35 cell perme

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Tang, Yi-Quan, Jun Yuan, Christopher J. Miller та Michael E. Selsted. "Isolation, Characterization, cDNA Cloning, and Antimicrobial Properties of Two Distinct Subfamilies of α-Defensins from Rhesus Macaque Leukocytes". Infection and Immunity 67, № 11 (1999): 6139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.11.6139-6144.1999.

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ABSTRACT Experiments to isolate and characterize rhesus macaque myeloid α-defensins (RMADs) were conducted. Seven RMAD peptides were isolated and sequenced, and the cDNAs encoding six of these peptides and one other α-defensin from bone marrow were also characterized. Four of the RMADs were found to be highly similar to human neutrophil α-defensins HNP-1 to HNP-3, while the remaining four peptides were much more similar to human enteric α-defensin HD-5. Two α-defensin pairs differed only by the presence or absence of an additional arginine at the amino termini of their mature peptides, indicat

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Bruhn, Oliver, Petra Regenhard, Matthias Michalek та ін. "A novel horse α-defensin: gene transcription, recombinant expression and characterization of the structure and function". Biochemical Journal 407, № 2 (2007): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20070747.

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Defensins are a predominant class of antimicrobial peptides, which act as endogenous antibiotics. Defensins are classified into three distinct sub-families: θ-, β-, and α-defensins. Synthesis of α-defensin has been confirmed only in primates and glires to date and is presumably unique for a few tissues, including neutrophils and Paneth cells of the small intestine. Antimicrobial activities of these peptides were shown against a wide variety of microbes including bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoan parasites. In the present study, we report the characterization of the equine α-defensin DEFA

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Rinker, Sherri D., Michael P. Trombley, Xiaoping Gu, Kate R. Fortney, and Margaret E. Bauer. "Deletion ofmtrCin Haemophilus ducreyi Increases Sensitivity to Human Antimicrobial Peptides and Activates the CpxRA Regulon." Infection and Immunity 79, no. 6 (2011): 2324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01316-10.

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ABSTRACTHaemophilus ducreyiresists killing by antimicrobial peptides encountered during human infection, including cathelicidin LL-37, α-defensins, and β-defensins. In this study, we examined the role of the proton motive force-dependent multiple transferable resistance (MTR) transporter in antimicrobial peptide resistance inH. ducreyi. We found a proton motive force-dependent effect onH. ducreyi's resistance to LL-37 and β-defensin HBD-3, but not α-defensin HNP-2. Deletion of the membrane fusion protein MtrC renderedH. ducreyimore sensitive to LL-37 and human β-defensins but had relatively li

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Kling, Carolin, Arto T. Pulliainen, Holger Barth та Katharina Ernst. "Human Peptides α-Defensin-1 and -5 Inhibit Pertussis Toxin". Toxins 13, № 7 (2021): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13070480.

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Bordetella pertussis causes the severe childhood disease whooping cough, by releasing several toxins, including pertussis toxin (PT) as a major virulence factor. PT is an AB5-type toxin, and consists of the enzymatic A-subunit PTS1 and five B-subunits, which facilitate binding to cells and transport of PTS1 into the cytosol. PTS1 ADP-ribosylates α-subunits of inhibitory G-proteins (Gαi) in the cytosol, which leads to disturbed cAMP signaling. Since PT is crucial for causing severe courses of disease, our aim is to identify new inhibitors against PT, to provide starting points for novel therape

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POKROVSKAYA, E. M., S. V. KHALIULLINA, and E. F. MANNANOVA. "Features of innate immunity in children with chronic nasopharyngeal infection." Practical medicine 21, no. 6 (2023): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2023-6-45-47.

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The article presents the results of studies of α-defensin level in chronic adenoiditis in children. The purpose — to assess the state of innate mucosal immunity in chronic adenoiditis. Material and methods. We examined 151 patients with chronic adenoiditis aged 3 to 7 years. Concentration of α-defensin was determined using the HBT Human HNP 1-3 ELISA kit, designed for the quantification of neutrophil defensins in mixed saliva. Results. The analysis showed that in both groups of children with chronic adenoiditis there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in the concentration o

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Ouellette, Andre J., Dalila Darmoul, Dat Tran, Kenneth M. Huttner, Jun Yuan та Michael E. Selsted. "Peptide Localization and Gene Structure of Cryptdin 4, a Differentially Expressed Mouse Paneth Cell α-Defensin". Infection and Immunity 67, № 12 (1999): 6643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.12.6643-6651.1999.

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ABSTRACT Paneth cells in crypts of the small intestine express antimicrobial peptides, including α-defensins, termed cryptdins in mice. Of the known Paneth cell α-defensins, the cryptdin 4 gene is unique, because it is inactive in the duodenum and expressed at maximal levels in the distal small bowel (D. Darmoul and A. J. Ouellette, Am. J. Physiol. 271:G68–G74, 1996). With a cryptdin 4-specific antibody, immunohistochemical staining of ileal Paneth cells was strong and specific for cytoplasmic granules, demonstrating that this microbicidal peptide is a secretory product of Paneth cells in the

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Hayase, Eiko, Daigo Hashimoto, Kiminori Nakamura, et al. "R-Spondin1 expands Paneth cells and prevents dysbiosis induced by graft-versus-host disease." Journal of Experimental Medicine 214, no. 12 (2017): 3507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20170418.

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The intestinal microbial ecosystem is actively regulated by Paneth cell–derived antimicrobial peptides such as α-defensins. Various disorders, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), disrupt Paneth cell functions, resulting in unfavorably altered intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis), which further accelerates the underlying diseases. Current strategies to restore the gut ecosystem are bacteriotherapy such as fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics, and no physiological approach has been developed so far. In this study, we demonstrate a novel approach to restore gut microbial ecology b

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Etienne, Gabriel, Maryse Dupouy, Patricia Costaglioli та ін. "α-Defensin 1-3 And α-Defensin 4 as Predictive Markers of Imatinib Resistance and Relapse in CML Patients". Disease Markers 30, № 5 (2011): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/287690.

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Objective: Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used as first line treatment in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Despite a remarkable effectiveness, treatment failure cases have been reported in 20 percent of CML patients. The identification of biomarkers which can predict the response to imatinib is our point of interest.Methods: Gene expression profiling microarray was carried out on secondary imatinib resistant patients. Longitudinal studies were performed on imatinib treated responder/resistant patients. Then, Q-RT/PCR studies were realized on patients prior imatinib initiation.Resul

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Nassar, Taher, Sa'ed Akkawi, Rachel Bar-Shavit та ін. "Human α-defensin regulates smooth muscle cell contraction: a role for low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein/α2-macroglobulin receptor". Blood 100, № 12 (2002): 4026–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-04-1080.

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We have previously identified α-defensin in association with medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in human coronary arteries. In the present paper we report that α-defensin, at concentrations below those found in pathological conditions, inhibits phenylephrine (PE)–induced contraction of rat aortic rings. Addition of 1 μM α-defensin increased the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of PE on denuded aortic rings from 32 to 630 nM. The effect of α-defensin was dose dependent and saturable, with a half-maximal effect at 1 μM. α-Defensin binds to human umbilical vein SMCs in a specific manner

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A.H AlObaidi, Laith. "Phylogenetic characterization and antifungal activity of recombinant defensin protein from Triticum aestivum." Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology 8, no. 3 (2016): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v8.i3.9306.

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Defensins protein plays an important role in innate immune defense against infectious diseases in animals and plants. In our study and for the first time, common wheat (Triticum aestivum) defensin gene was fully characterized. The protein encodes from a signal peptide region of 25 amino acids. Homology searches showed that T. aestivum defensin have a highest identity (72-64 %) with other defensin selected sequences. A multiple sequence alignment indicates very well highly conserved regions include eight cystiene residues, α-helix, loop, and β-sheet. A phylogenetic analysis of the T. aestivum d

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Satchell, Donald P., Tanya Sheynis, Yoshinori Shirafuji, Sofiya Kolusheva, Andre J. Ouellette та Raz Jelinek. "Interactions of Mouse Paneth Cell α-Defensins and α-Defensin Precursors with Membranes". Journal of Biological Chemistry 278, № 16 (2003): 13838–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m212115200.

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Mattar, Ehab H., Hussein A. Almehdar, Abdullah A. AlJaddawi, Isam ElDin M. Abu Zeid, and Elrashdy M. Redwan. "Elevated Concentration of Defensins in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patients." Journal of Immunology Research 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8373819.

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major etiological agent of human non-A and non-B hepatitis, affecting around 180 million people worldwide. Defensins, small cysteine-rich cationic peptides, are shown to have potent antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. Defensins can be found in both normal and microbial infected patients, at variable concentrations. Notably, viral infections are often associated with elevated concentrations of defensins. The current study aimed to estimate the concentrations of total,α-, andβ-defensins in serum taken from normal and HCV-infected patients. 12 healt

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Condon, Michael R., Alejandro Viera, Michael D’Alessio, and Gill Diamond. "Induction of a Rat Enteric Defensin Gene by Hemorrhagic Shock." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 9 (1999): 4787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.9.4787-4793.1999.

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ABSTRACT Multicellular organisms utilize a battery of extracellular and cellular mechanisms to defend against microbial infiltration. Among the armamentarium used by the small intestine to defend against microbial invasion are antimicrobial peptides called defensins. We previously have shown that gut barrier function is impaired following hemorrhagic shock, resulting in translocation of bacteria or endotoxin. Using a rat model, we examined the effect of hemorrhagic shock on α-defensin expression. We utilized the anchored reverse transcriptase PCR strategy to isolate a rat enteric defensin cDNA

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Dietrich, Deborah E., Xiangjun Xiao, Deborah V. Dawson та ін. "Human α- and β-Defensins Bind to Immobilized Adhesins from Porphyromonas gingivalis". Infection and Immunity 76, № 12 (2008): 5714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00997-08.

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ABSTRACT Human neutrophil peptide α-defensins (HNPs) and human β-defensins (HBDs) are small well-characterized peptides with broad antimicrobial activities and a diversity of innate immune functions. Although the interactions of defensins with bacteria and their membranes have been well characterized, the interactions of defensins with bacterial adhesins have not. Here we determine if HNPs and HBDs bind to the immobilized adhesins of Porphyromonas gingivalis strain 381, recombinant hemagglutinin B (rHagB) and recombinant fimbrillin A (rFimA), by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Associat

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Meade, K. G., P. Cormican, F. Narciandi, A. Lloyd та C. O'Farrelly. "Bovine β-defensin gene family: opportunities to improve animal health?" Physiological Genomics 46, № 1 (2014): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00085.2013.

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Recent analysis of the bovine genome revealed an expanded suite of β-defensin genes that encode what are referred to as antimicrobial or host defense peptides (HDPs). Whereas primate genomes also encode α- and θ-defensins, the bovine genome contains only the β-defensin subfamily of HDPs. β-Defensins perform diverse functions that are critical to protection against pathogens but also in regulation of the immune response and reproduction. As the most comprehensively studied subclass of HDPs, β-defensins possess the widest taxonomic distribution, found in invertebrates as well as plants, indicati

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Cardenas, Tatiana, Yuliya Kleshchenko, M. Madison та ін. "New mechanism of innate immunity mediated by human defensin α-1 against Trypanosoma cruzi (37.2)". Journal of Immunology 184, № 1_Supplement (2010): 37.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.37.2.

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Abstract The mechanisms of innate immunity against protozoan parasites that cause significant diseases are very limited. Here we show that human defensin α-1 plays a fundamental role in the initiation of innate immune responses to Trypanosoma cruzi. We demonstrate that human epithelial cells respond to early T. cruzi infection by up-regulating the expression and secretion of defensin α-1, which inhibits T. cruzi motility and prevents cellular infection. Human defensin α-1 inhibits trypomastigote motility of T. cruzi and infection at low micromolar concentrations, and this requires direct assoc

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Patil, Amar A., Andre J. Ouellette, Wuyuan Lu та Guolong Zhang. "Rattusin, an Intestinal α-Defensin-Related Peptide in Rats with a Unique Cysteine Spacing Pattern and Salt-Insensitive Antibacterial Activities". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, № 4 (2013): 1823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02237-12.

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ABSTRACTCationic antimicrobial peptides are essential components of the innate immune system. As a major family of mammalian antimicrobial peptides, defensins are expressed mainly by mucosal epithelial cells and promyelocytes. Despite the capacity to kill a broad spectrum of bacteria through physical disruption of membranes, most defensins show substantially reduced antibacterial activities in the presence of monovalent and divalent cations, thereby limiting their therapeutic potential, particularly for the treatment of systemic infections. Genome-wide computational screening of the rat genome

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Sakamoto, Noriho, Hiroshi Mukae, Takeshi Fujii та ін. "Differential effects of α- and β-defensin on cytokine production by cultured human bronchial epithelial cells". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 288, № 3 (2005): L508—L513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00076.2004.

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Defensins are cysteine-rich cationic antimicrobial peptides that play an important role in innate immunity and are known to contribute to the regulation of host adaptive immunity. In addition to direct antimicrobial activities, it has been recently reported that α-defensins, mainly present in neutrophils in the lung, have a cytotoxic effect and induce IL-8 production from airway epithelial cells. Although β-defensins are expressed in epithelial cells in various tissues, including lung, there are no reports of their effects on cytokine synthesis in airway epithelial cells. The aim of the presen

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Bals, Robert, Mitchell J. Goldman та James M. Wilson. "Mouse β-Defensin 1 Is a Salt-Sensitive Antimicrobial Peptide Present in Epithelia of the Lung and Urogenital Tract". Infection and Immunity 66, № 3 (1998): 1225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.3.1225-1232.1998.

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ABSTRACT One component of host defense at mucosal surfaces appears to be epithelium-derived peptides with antimicrobial activity called defensins. Human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) represents the first member of the β-defensin family isolated from humans and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis. We describe in this report the isolation and characterization of a murine homolog of hBD-1 called mouse β-defensin 1 (mBD-1). The predicted amino acid sequence shows the hallmark features of other known epithelial β-defensins, including the ordered array of six cysteine residues. Analysi

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Tarver, Alan P., Douglas P. Clark, Gill Diamond та ін. "Enteric β-Defensin: Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Gene with Inducible Intestinal Epithelial Cell Expression Associated with Cryptosporidium parvumInfection". Infection and Immunity 66, № 3 (1998): 1045–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.3.1045-1056.1998.

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ABSTRACT A growing body of evidence suggests that endogenous antibiotics contribute to the innate defense of mammalian mucosal surfaces. In the cow, β-defensins constitute a large family of antibiotic peptides whose members have been previously isolated from the respiratory and oral mucosa, as well as circulating phagocytic cells. A novel bovine genomic clone with sequence related to those of these α-defensins was isolated and characterized. The corresponding cDNA was isolated from a small intestinal library; its open reading frame predicts a deduced sequence of a novel β-defensin, which we de

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Brancaccio, Mariarita, Cristina Mennitti, Mariella Calvanese, et al. "Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential for HNP-1, HBD-1 and HBD-4 in Pregnant Women with COVID-19." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7 (2022): 3450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073450.

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Pregnancy is characterized by significant immunological changes and a cytokine profile, as well as vitamin deficiencies that can cause problems for the correct development of a fetus. Defensins are small antimicrobial peptides that are part of the innate immune system and are involved in several biological activities. Following that, this study aims to compare the levels of various cytokines and to investigate the role of defensins between pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 infection and pregnant women without any defined risk factor. TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-2 and IL-10, β-defensins, have been ev

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Contreras, Gabriela, Nessa Wang, Holger Schäfer та Michael Wink. "Oxidative stress and the presence of bacteria increase gene expression of the antimicrobial peptide aclasin, a fungal CSαβ defensin in Aspergillus clavatus". PeerJ 7 (25 лютого 2019): e6290. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6290.

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Background Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a broad class of naturally occurring antimicrobial compounds. Plants, invertebrates and fungi produce various AMPs as, for example, defensins. Most of these defensins are characterised by the presence of a cysteine-stabilised α-helical and β-sheet (CSαβ) motif. The changes in gene expression of a fungal CSαβ defensin by stress conditions were investigated in Aspergillus clavatus. A. clavatus produces the CSαβ defensin Aclasin, which is encoded by the aclasin gene. Methods Aclasin expression was evaluated in submerged mycelium cultures under he

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Zhang, Haibo, Giuliana Porro, Neil Orzech, Brendan Mullen, Mingyao Liu, and Arthur S. Slutsky. "Neutrophil defensins mediate acute inflammatory response and lung dysfunction in dose-related fashion." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 280, no. 5 (2001): L947—L954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2001.280.5.l947.

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High concentrations of neutrophil defensins from airway and blood have been reported in patients with inflammatory lung diseases, but their exact role is unclear. We investigated the direct effect of defensins on the lungs of mice. Intratracheal instillation of purified defensins (5–30 mg/kg) induced a progressive reduction in peripheral arterial O2saturation, increased lung permeability, and enhanced the lung cytochrome c content. These indexes of acute lung dysfunction were associated with an increased total cell number and a significant neutrophil influx into the lung [5.1 ± 0.04% in contro

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Takakuwa, Akiko, Kiminori Nakamura, Mani Kikuchi та ін. "Butyric Acid and Leucine Induce α-Defensin Secretion from Small Intestinal Paneth Cells". Nutrients 11, № 11 (2019): 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112817.

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The intestine not only plays a role in fundamental processes in digestion and nutrient absorption, but it also has a role in eliminating ingested pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Paneth cells, which reside at the base of small intestinal crypts, secrete α-defensins and contribute to enteric innate immunity through potent microbicidal activities. However, the relationship between food factors and the innate immune functions of Paneth cells remains unknown. Here, we examined whether short-chain fatty acids and amino acids induce α-defensin secretion from Paneth cells in the isolated crypts of sm

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Canas, Jorge J., Samuel W. Arregui, Shaobo Zhang, et al. "DEFA1A3DNA gene-dosage regulates the kidney innate immune response during upper urinary tract infection." Life Science Alliance 7, no. 6 (2024): e202302462. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202302462.

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are host defense effectors with potent neutralizing and immunomodulatory functions against invasive pathogens. The AMPs α-Defensin 1-3/DEFA1A3participate in innate immune responses and influence patient outcomes in various diseases. DNA copy-number variations inDEFA1A3have been associated with severity and outcomes in infectious diseases including urinary tract infections (UTIs). Specifically, children with lower DNA copy numbers were more susceptible to UTIs. The mechanism of action by which α-Defensin 1-3/DEFA1A3copy-number variations lead to UTI susceptibility

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Tanabe, Hiroki, Andre J. Ouellette, Melanie J. Cocco та W. Edward Robinson. "Differential Effects on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by α-Defensins with Comparable Bactericidal Activities". Journal of Virology 78, № 21 (2004): 11622–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.21.11622-11631.2004.

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ABSTRACT In addition to their antibacterial activities, certain antimicrobial peptides inactivate enveloped viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To determine whether peptide bactericidal activities are predictive of antiviral activity, the anti-HIV properties of recombinant human α-defensin 5, mouse α-defensins, cryptdins (Crp) 3 and 4, and rhesus macaque myeloid α-defensins (RMADs) 3 and 4 were determined in vitro. The peptides, purified to homogeneity, had equivalent bactericidal activities that were similar to those of the native molecules. Nuclear magnetic resonance s

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Jia, Hong Peng, Jesse N. Mills, Fariba Barahmand-Pour та ін. "Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Rat Genes Encoding Homologues of Human β-Defensins". Infection and Immunity 67, № 9 (1999): 4827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.9.4827-4833.1999.

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ABSTRACT β-Defensins are cationic peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that may play a role in mucosal defenses of several organs. They have been isolated in several species, and in humans, two β-defensins have been identified. Here, we report the identification of two genes encoding β-defensin homologues in the rat. Partial cDNAs were found by searching the expressed-sequence-tag database, and primers were designed to generate full-length mRNA coding sequences. One gene was highly similar to the human β-defensin-1 (HBD-1) gene and mouse β-defensin-1 gene at both the nucleic aci

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Tian, Baozhong, Liwen Cui та Weihai Jiang. "The diagnostic effect of α-defensin, D-dimer, and IL-6 in periprosthetic joint infection: A systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis". Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 28, № 3 (2020): 230949902097186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499020971861.

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Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most common complication after artificial joint replacement as previously reported. However, the main problem at present is its difficulty in diagnosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of α-defensin, D-dimer, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in clinical practice. Method: Online databases were systematically searched until June 18th, 2020 with keywords and medical sub-headings terms. Studies mentioned the sensitivity and specificity of biological markers in detecting PJI were included in our study.

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Fanali, C., R. Inzitari, T. Cabras та ін. "α-Defensin Levels in Whole Saliva of Totally Edentulous Subjects". International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 21, № 4 (2008): 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463200802100409.

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Salivary levels of α-defensins 1–4 and histatins 1, 3 and 5 were determined in 11 totally edentulous patients, 11 younger healthy adults with normal gingival mucosa (Control group I) and 8 subjects, age-matched with edentulous patients, having a minimum of 25 teeth (Control group II). Whole saliva was treated with trifluoroacetic acid and the acidic soluble fraction analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The area of the extracted ion current peaks was used for peptide quantification. Levels of α-defensinsl-4, but not of histatins, were significantly lower in tota

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Berezhnoy, Aleksei V., Irina A. Yankelevich, Galina M. Aleshina, and Olga V. Shamova. "Gene expression of antimicrobial peptides in rat intestine under conditions of chronic stress." Medical academic journal 23, no. 4 (2024): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/maj623704.

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BACKGROUND: Severe stress causes an array of dysfunctions in the immune, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, digestive and other systems, resulting in an emergence of various types of pathology. Common manifestations of a chronic stress are the disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, such as irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, biliary dyskinesia, dysbiosis, inflammatory processes that determine the development of gastritis and one of the most widespread post-stress pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract — stomach ulcers. The disclosure of the molecular mechanisms of a pathogenesis

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Beiter, Katharina, Florian Wartha, Robert Hurwitz, Staffan Normark, Arturo Zychlinsky та Birgitta Henriques-Normark. "The Capsule Sensitizes Streptococcus pneumoniae to α-Defensins Human Neutrophil Proteins 1 to 3". Infection and Immunity 76, № 8 (2008): 3710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01748-07.

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ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its polysaccharide capsule causes resistance to phagocytosis and interferes with the innate immune system's ability to clear infections at an early stage. Nevertheless, we found that encapsulated pneumococci are sensitive to killing by a human neutrophil granule extract. We fractionated the extract by high-performance liquid chromatography and identified α-defensins by mass spectrometry as the proteins responsible for killing pneumococci. Analysis of sensitivity to the commercial α-defensins human neutroph

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Szekeres, Martha, Eszter Ivitz, Zsolt Datki та ін. "Relevance of defensin β-2 and α defensins (HNP1-3) in Alzheimer's disease". Psychiatry Research 239 (травень 2016): 342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.045.

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Adyns, Lowie, Paul Proost, and Sofie Struyf. "Role of Defensins in Tumor Biology." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6 (2023): 5268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065268.

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Defensins have long been considered as merely antimicrobial peptides. Throughout the years, more immune-related functions have been discovered for both the α-defensin and β-defensin subfamily. This review provides insights into the role of defensins in tumor immunity. Since defensins are present and differentially expressed in certain cancer types, researchers started to unravel their role in the tumor microenvironment. The human neutrophil peptides have been demonstrated to be directly oncolytic by permealizing the cell membrane. Further, defensins can inflict DNA damage and induce apoptosis

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Kisich, Kevin O., Leonid Heifets, Michael Higgins та Gill Diamond. "Antimycobacterial Agent Based on mRNA Encoding Human β-Defensin 2 Enables Primary Macrophages To Restrict Growth ofMycobacterium tuberculosis". Infection and Immunity 69, № 4 (2001): 2692–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.4.2692-2699.2001.

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ABSTRACT Human macrophages are hosts for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, which killed approximately 1.87 million people in 1997. Human alveolar macrophages do not express α- or β-defensins, broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides which are expressed in macrophages from other species more resistant to infection withM. tuberculosis. It has been previously reported thatM. tuberculosis is susceptible to killing by defensins, which may explain the difference in resistance. Defensin peptides have been suggested as a possible therapeutic strategy for a variety of infect

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Clarke, D. J., and D. J. Campopiano. "Structural and functional studies of defensin-inspired peptides." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 2 (2006): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0340251.

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Mammals have evolved complex self-defence mechanisms to protect themselves from infection. This innate immune system comprises a large family of hundreds of peptides and proteins which have potent antibiotic activity at nanomolar concentrations. The defensins are a group of small cationic peptides which contain a high proportion of positively charged and hydrophobic amino acids. Their exact mechanism of antimicrobial action is unclear, but it is thought that the defensins bind to and disrupt the outer cell membrane which ultimately causes lysis and cell death. They are characterized by six con

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Nassar, Hisham, Ehud Lavi, Sa’ed Akkawi та ін. "α-Defensin: Link between inflammation and atherosclerosis". Atherosclerosis 194, № 2 (2007): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.08.046.

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