To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: 互動效應.
Journal articles on the topic '互動效應'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic '互動效應.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
PANTERA, Matt. "Collaborative Spirit Can Transform Parks & Recreation Worldwide." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 1, no. 2 (1995): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.11157.
Full textAbstract:
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract in Chinese only.兒童是未來社會的棟樑，培養兒童成為一位良好的公民是家長和老師的責任。在兒童成長過程中，給與具敎育意義的運動及康樂活動是兒童敎育裡的重要一環。要做好這份工作，非個人，一個地區，甚至一個國家所能達成，我們應該倣效野鵝在冬季南飛的v字隊形：互相合作，鼓勵，幫助和輪流領先，以減少獨自飛行前進所遇到的阻力。憑着這種合作精神，公園及康樂的發展更能邁向世界性，從中令更多兒童受惠。
2
羅方諾, 羅方諾, 楊茹茵 Stefano A. DeCaro та 江堅肯 Ju-Yin Yang. "運用課堂參與評分系統探討台灣以英語為外語學習環境之學生口說能力學習成效". 華岡英語期刊 27, № 1 (2022): 025–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/221880882022072701002.
Full textAbstract:
<p>本研究主要為運用課堂參與點數系統與台灣以英語為外語學習之學生及口說能力學習成效之相關研究。當學生以英語為外語學習教室，似乎比較偏向較內顯行為的互動方式來進行語言的習得。社會互動理論是在第二語言發展中最顯而易見的教室互動方式(Kramsch, 1986; Rivers, 1987)。 語言習得理論提到，學習者應有自信的使用該語言、有背景知識來糾正與接受自我學習的方式、還有能力適當的使用該語言。了解這口說能力學習方式的重要性，就能使用溝通式教學法來進行語言學習，並提升相關貢獻度。除此之外，以英語為外語的教學者應該定期的刺激與管理學生在課堂上的出席狀況。本量化研究以口說溝通課程為依據，邀請87位學生參與研究。應用課堂參與點數系統在課堂中可以知道這跟學生的英語程度沒有關係，如同用教科書來當評量工具也是一樣的。課堂參與與考試表現顯示正相關於重複的測驗當中。研究結果顯示在其他的語言因素影響下，有些因素沒有被考慮到或是被拿來評分，比如像是沉默寡言的學生。最後，以研究結果建議進行口說教學策略、教學方法、與學習評量來參考改進有效之口說學習效益，並以參與課程來當以英語為外語學習口說學習的評分依據。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>This study investigated a participation-point system that was found to be associated with increased rates of oral participation among Taiwanese EFL majors. Quantitative data from a sample of 87 students from five English conversation classes showed that the participation rates under this system were generally unrelated to English proficiency, as measured on the textbook publisher&rsquo;s exams. However, there was a reliable tendency for participation scores to increase with exam scores that were below the class average. Class participation and exam performance each were shown to be strongly intra-correlated in a repeated sample. The results underscore the influence of extra-linguistic factors on speaking reticence and provide quantitative support for the efficacy of participation-based grading in moderately-sized EFL conversation classrooms.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
3
蔡明芳, 蔡明芳, 侯東旭 Ming-Fang Tsai та 曾莉萍 Tung-Hsu Hou. "孕產婦和新生兒安全的守護者—疫情下的病人安全週創意作為". 醫療品質雜誌 16, № 5 (2022): 044–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199457952022091605007.
Full textAbstract:
<p>目的：病人安全是醫療品質的基石，考量須兼顧防疫，我們運用精實思維，以經濟有效的方法創造最大價值，提升民眾與醫療人員對「孕產兒及醫護人員安全」的認知。</p> <p>方法：繪製病人安全活動推廣流程之價值溪流圖，運用流程分析與策略定位找出目標群；組成決策團隊， 建立共識、規劃資源；設計線上遊戲，以趣味性提升活動之吸引力與互動性。</p> <p>結果：衛教參與人數達1,987人、線上響應人數達1,901人；多元宣導發送：信箱1,759人、App 7,274人、LINE 20,008人；滿意度調查顯示工作人員服務態度及服務結果面皆有提升。</p> <p>結論：防疫兼顧活動創意，導入精實虛實整合，以線上宣傳為主軸，顧客觸及率大增；透過小型實體互動及體驗式教學，與時俱進推廣病人安全，有效應用資源，達提升醫療品質、保障病人安全之最終目的。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Objectives: Patient safety is a cornerstone of healthcare quality. With COVID-19 pandemic prevention in mind, we used lean thinking to effectively maximize value, and improved public and institutional awareness of patient safety in maternal and newborn care. </p> <p>Methods: We drew a value stream map of patient safety promotional activities, adopted process analysis and strategic positioning to identify target groups, and established a decision-making team to build consensus and plan resource management. In addition, we designed online games that were attractive, interactive, and fun. </p> <p>Results: A total 1,987 and 1,901 participants joined health education activities and online games, respectively. The activities were publicized through a variety of platforms: 1,759 notifications were sent by email, 7,274 by app, and 20,008 by LINE (a social messaging app). The satisfaction survey indicated improvements in service attitude and staff performance. </p> <p>Conclusion: To provide creatively designed activities and ensure social distancing, we integrated virtual and real implementation using lean thinking and focused on online promotional activities. The customer reach rate greatly increased. Through small-scale entity interaction and experiential teaching, we improved patient safety and medical quality.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
4
黃振維, 黃振維, 曾鵬宇 曾鵬宇 та 葉素玲 葉素玲. "精準輕推：以客戶為導向的商業應用". 應用心理研究 81, № 81 (2024): 001–44. https://doi.org/10.53106/156092512024120081001.
Full textAbstract:
<p>輕推（Nudge）的相關概念與應用早已行之有年，從感官知覺與藝術設計，到企業與客戶間的互動關係，再到金融與公共政策領域，都能看到輕推的巧妙運用。商業活動與我們的生活息息相關，但先前對輕推應用於商業領域的研究較少系統性整理，因此本文在應用介紹方面專注於與金融或商業活動相關的輕推。此外，過往研究探討了各種輕推運用的方式與有效性，但同樣的輕推方式不一定適合不同特質的人，若能精準輕推便能更有效提升個人福祉，因此本文也對輕推與心理學領域的性格特質、情緒等做延伸性探討。本文首先對輕推的理論做基本的介紹，再聚焦輕推在政府、企業、與金融或商業活動等相關應用，然後探討輕推使用上可能的風險以及因應的方法，最後整理並凸顯心理學中，心理特質的探討在輕推研究與應用上的發展潛力，以達到精準輕推的目的。期望藉著本文的回顧整理，讀者不僅對輕推的概念與應用有更廣泛的了解，也藉本文的梳理，了解更多輕推未來有潛力的研究方向。最後，輕推的使用者可透過本文，檢視輕推的目的、形式、客群、與強度，設計出最有效且最合適的輕推方式。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>The concept of &quot;nudge&quot; has gained prominence over time across diverse domains, from sensory perception and artistic design to interactions between businesses and customers, and even within the fields of finance and public policy. Although commercial activities are closely linked to our daily lives, systematic reviews on nudging within the business realm have been relatively sparse. Therefore, this paper focuses on applications related to financial or commercial activities. Previous research has looked into various methods/techniques and the effectiveness of nudging, however, the same approach may not be appropriate for individuals with different personality traits. Precision in nudging can more effectively enhance individual well-being. Consequently, this paper also explores the relationship between nudging and psychological aspects such as personality traits and emotions. This paper begins with a fundamental introduction to nudge theory, then examines its applications in government, corporate, financial, and commercial settings. It further discusses potential risks associated with nudging and possible mitigation strategies. Finally, it highlights the development potential of integrating psychological traits in nudge research and application to achieve precision nudging. Through this review, the paper aims to enhance readers’ comprehension of the concepts and applications of nudging, and uncover potential future research directions in nudging. This article also serves as a valuable resource for nudge practitioners to examine the purpose, form, target audience, and intensity of nudges, enabling them to design the most effective and appropriate nudging strategies.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
5
WONG, Wing Sum. "Physical Education in Pre-primary Education System of Hong Kong." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 22, no. 1 (2016): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.221801.
Full textAbstract:
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. Pre-primary education aims at assuring a balanced development of physical fitness, intelligence, language, interpersonal relation and emotion, nurturing interest of learning, as well as preparing for formal education in the future. Physical activity seems to be part of the pre-primary education in Hong Kong. However, time spent on physical activities in the current pre-primary curriculum is significantly reduced when comparing with that of thirty years ago. Based on the methodology of anthropology, fieldwork was carried out. The study design adopted qualitative and quantitative research methods and aimed at exploring in what extent principals, officers and teachers of kindergartens in Hong Kong were concerned about physical activity patterns of preschool children, understanding how they critiqued the environment and facilities in relation to physical activities, and knowing how they commented to their self-efficacy on leading pre-primary physical activities. It was found that physical activity had not been addressed adequately in the curriculum design of pre-primary education in Hong Kong. The self-efficacy on leading pre-primary physical activities was quite low among pre-primary teachers. The environment and availability of facilities were not favorable to the execution of pre-primary physical activity programmes. Physical education orientates pre-primary education in the future. 學前教育是要使幼兒在體能、智慧、語言、社群及情緒等方面有均衡的發展，並培養他們對學習的興趣，為日後的教育作好準備。香港學前教育應該或多或少包含身體活動元素，然而相對於三十年前的課程，現時幼稚園課程冢內的身體活動時數似乎大幅減少了。本研究以人類學常用的田野調查作為方法論，採用定性與定量研究合併的互補取徑，探討香港幼稚園校長、主任和老師對幼兒身體活動的關注程度，以及瞭解她們對活動環境配套和帶領身體活動的自我效能評價。研究發現香港學前教育課程設計對幼兒身體活動的關注程度不足，老師帶領身體活動的自我效能評價普遍偏低，而且幼稚園的活動環境配套不利於幼兒身體活動的執行。幼兒體育應該是香港學前教育的未來導向。
6
GENG, Xi, Li TIAN та Xin GUAN. "“互聯網+”時代患者隱私保護的倫理思考及對策". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 14, № 1 (2016): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.141610.
Full textAbstract:
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.本文分析“互聯網+”時代患者隱私保護所面臨的新威脅，對傳統的隱私保護技術、體制制度以及規範的有效性進行反思，尋求新技術應用與患者隱私保護的結合點。作者認為，對患者隱私的保護，不應該成為新技術應用的障礙，而是將二者有機地結合起來，形成良好的互動。文章就在信息時代提高信息意識、管理、技術三個層面提出具體的保護建議。“Information technology” refers to automated systems for storing, processing, and distributing information. In medical practice, this involves the use of computers and communication networks to collect and store medical information and data. Ethical guidelines for data protection and privacy have become critical issues in medical ethics in the age of the Internet and information technology. Both healthcare and IT professionals face questions of responsibility, accountability, and liability in handling private information and data.This paper discusses the tension between the problems in medical practice that may violate patients’ privacy and the effectiveness of data collection brought about by information systems. Although China has acknowledged the importance of privacy protection in past two decades, medical malpractice such as releasing patient’s medical history without informed consent or even selling medical data for commercial purpose still exists. Apart from the potential harms caused by releasing private information, there are moral issues with regard to informational inequality and discrimination. The guidelines suggested by the authors have three facets: ethical education around privacy protection, effective regulation, and responsive management of IT institutions to evaluate the effects of contemporary information systems and the Internet on the protection of individual privacy.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 222 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
7
賴念華, 賴念華, 張祐誠 Nien-Hwa Lai, 魏大紘 Yu-Cheng Chang та 張哲恩 Ta-Hung Wei. "文化心理劇對成員在孝道困境中親子互動的改變效益". 中華輔導與諮商學報 66, № 66 (2023): 123–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/172851862023010066004.
Full textAbstract:
<p>本研究目的為探討文化心理劇對孝道下親子互動困難的改變效益，以焦點團體訪談參與連續17週心理劇團體之碩士班學生，採用主題分析法進行分析。研究結果首先呈現家庭系統與歷史、孝道困境的親子互動與文化議題，以及帶來之轉化；接著了解成員參與團體後，對父母眼中孝順觀點之認識：包括子女順服嚴格管教方為「孝」、承接父母情緒逆來順受方為「孝」、夫妻衝突子女站隊支持方為「孝」、隨侍老邁父母不遠遊方為「孝」、子女犧牲自我成龍成鳳方為「孝」；以及子女之回應為五類：「壓抑情緒以維持家中和諧」、「努力表現以完成父母期待」、「受困過往經驗而深陷情緒」、「陽奉陰違內心疏離避免衝突」、「直面衝突卻深陷自責與愧疚」。最後，研究發現文化心理劇能帶給子女有六項改變：「覺察過往壓抑情緒，學會真實表達」、「重看過往傷害，帶出現關係中自我的理解」、「勇於面對衝突學到新因應模式」、「理解父母文化脈絡，帶出寬容與接納」、「重新定義『孝』，發展新的親子互動關係」、「突破孝道困境，憶起過往親子互動情誼」。依據結果探討子女在文化中的內在糾結，以及文化心理劇促進子女對「孝」的重新定義，帶來的親子關係改變效益。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>This study investigated the effectiveness of culture-specific psychodrama on changing participants’ parent-child interactions regarding filial piety. A focused group interview was conducted with master’s students who participated in an ongoing psychodrama group lasting 17 weeks. A qualitative analysis of the interview yielded the following results. First, adult children experienced difficulties in five areas of parent-child interactions: (1) parents’ hierarchical disciplinary attitudes, (2) parents’ emotional and behavioral problems, (3) spousal issues between parents, (4) the pressures accompanying the responsibility of caring for parents, and (5) parents’ ardent expectations of the children. Second, five positions were noted in response to these difficulties: (1) strenuous efforts for maintaining harmony in the face of family conflicts; (2) suppression of inner conflicts that accompanied the responsibilities in the role of a child, (3) being trapped in the pain inflicted by parents’ past behaviors, (4) avoiding interactions and becoming emotionally withdrawn, and (5) anger and self-blame resulting from direct conflicts. Third, six changes were brought about by culture-specific psychodrama: (1) gaining awareness and accepting one’s own feelings, (2) clarifying the impact of painful past experiences, (3) gaining clarity of boundaries regarding their sense of responsibility in their tense relationships, (4) showing deep and comprehensive understanding of parents’ cultural backgrounds, (5) becoming more flexible when conflicts arise in the relationship, and (6) increasing emotional interactions between the parents and children. Based on these results, we discussed the inner conflicts experienced by children belonging toin this culture, as well as the children’s growing understanding of the sociocultural landscape delineated by culture-specific psychodrama and its effectiveness on changing the parent-child relationship.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
8
劉宗翰, 劉宗翰. "維持關聯性─戰略後勤創新再定位". 陸軍後勤季刊 111, № 2 (2022): 039–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/230674382022051112004.
Full textAbstract:
<p>軍事後勤若想在未來與作戰領域維持關聯性，就須制訂一套戰略創新計畫，俾利解決其缺少跨領域整合的問題，本文提出協同服務與創新的解決法用來連結不同的問題領域，而這種解決法強調軍事後勤組織的重要性永遠是結合在一起，統整不同構想發展的方法，以加速新的作戰與後勤構想共同發展，符合新一代戰爭型態。</p> <p>為了打破在戰略政軍、軍事作戰、後勤、科技領域中的各行其是，本文提出四項介入作法：發展「不定構想」、構想融合、精簡試驗周期並運用共同互賴方式、探討跨領域的機會與風險，俾利與作戰領域維持密切互動與關聯性，該作法可資國軍效法。</p> <p>戰略後勤創新的成功，才能與未來作戰領域保持密切互動，發揮作戰加乘因子，軍事後勤組織當前要務是發展制度性架構、升級工作人力及加速自身的數位轉型，唯有持續不斷精進，才能真正擁抱戰略後勤創新，國軍應將此種思維與作法納入後勤轉型之參考。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
9
朱凱麟, 朱凱麟. "後勤支援能量培訓─專業士兵訓練及作戰後勤現代化態勢". 陸軍後勤季刊 111, № 2 (2022): 058–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/230674382022051112005.
Full textAbstract:
<p>「戰爭的工具，只有知道如何使用才有價值」，新銳尖端武器系統愈趨複雜的今日，單位與野戰級專業後勤人員之訓練工作，則日益具有挑戰性，運用科技與技術提升訓練效率，並且專注於所需目標，強化因材施教之個別化訓練，是提高新職專長訓練成效，以及擴展在職訓練深度之現代方針。</p> <p>美陸軍運用科學與技術已逐步完成現代化優先事項整合，建構關鍵面向之作戰後勤支援實務，並設定里程碑檢核點，審視目標戰力是否已然準備就緒，以應對未來這些一觸即發的多領域作戰，其中分布式交互學習即是為了提升作戰與後勤人員準備就緒程度，其效率也是尚未與時俱進又千篇一律的訓練內容所無法達成的。</p> <p>國軍教戰總則揭櫫：研究發展乃軍隊進步之動力；當前科技強軍與自主國防時代潮流，我陸軍如若善用技術，輔助實作訓練及專業技術培訓，將能快速培養後勤專業人員所需之知識、技能以及作戰後勤支援行動模式，有效支援現代化整體作戰後勤維持目標。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
10
NG, Robert Siu Kuen, and Violette Fu Po LIN. "Effects of Music Stepping Cadence on 3-min Step Test Performance in Hong Kong Females." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 17, no. 1 (2011): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.171889.
Full textAbstract:
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
 This study compared the performance of university females in Hong Kong with different ages and physical activity participation levels on two 3-min step-tests using different cadences. Fifty-six students were classified into three groups. They performed two step-tests randomly on a 30-cm high bench with metronome (MN) and hip-hop music (HH) cadences at 96 beat·min-1 with 60 min rest between. The preference of either cadence was indicated upon completion of both. Rate of perceived exertion was reported at 2-min (RPE2) and 2.5-min (RPE2.5). Heart rates at rest (by monitors, HRr) and 1-min post-exercise (by monitors, HRh; by pulse, HRp) were recorded. Results indicated that more than 80% of them preferred HH. Among all groups, although paired t-tests showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between the performance of MN and HH, the latter elicited a higher HRp, HRh, RPE2 and RPE2.5, and both cadences were highly correlated (r=0.70-0.91, p<0.001). MANOVA showed no significant differences for the responses of HRp, HRh, RPE2 and RPE2.5 under the two stepping cadences (Hotelling’s Trace=0.27, p>0.05). There was no interaction between age and physical activity participation level (Hotelling’s Trace=0.23, p>0.05). HH seemed a reliable cadence for 3-min step-test in females of different ages and physical activity participation levels.
 本研究探討採用音樂與節拍器拍子於三分鐘登臺階測試對不同年齡和運動習慣的女生之影響。五十六名女生根據她們的年齡和參與運動習慣分成三組。她們以隨機排序採用節奏強烈的音樂和傳统節拍器拍子完成兩次三分鐘登階測試。每次測試相距不少於六十分鐘。結果顯示超過八成女生較喜用音樂拍子，她們在两種拍子的身體反應並無差異(P>0.05)，年齡和參與運動習慣並無互動效果。結果證實在三分鐘登臺階測試中音樂拍子可以有效地取代單調節拍器拍子。
11
洪宏, 洪宏, та 姚卿騰 Hong Hong. "布農族女性居家照顧服務員工作經驗之研究". 臺灣社區工作與社區研究學刊 12, № 1 (2022): 001–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/222372402022041201001.
Full textAbstract:
<p>本研究旨在探討布農族女性居服員的工作動機、工作感受與文化照顧之經驗，為達此研究目的，研究採取質性研究半結構式訪談法針對六位布農族女性居服員進行資料的蒐集與分析。研究結果顯示薪資福利與彈性接案是布農族女性居服員主要從業動機。工作感受包括陪伴是最好的照顧，服務歷程工作滿意度高。在文化照顧經驗方面，認為文化照顧應順應部落長者生活習慣，讓原住民族照顧部落族人，對於部落長者的生活習慣較為了解，扮演與部落長者之間重要的連線基礎，能夠相互了解、溝通、有效地互動。循此，本文依研究所得結果提出幾項建議與省思：一、提升照顧工作內在動機與外在動機；二、運用原鄉的力量，打造部落文化照顧的網絡。本研究認為文化照顧與文化復振是部落推動長照的重點，期許未來有更臻完善的發展，更希冀本研究能提供原鄉發展長期照顧政策參考，以及提升長照服務人力的專業照顧形象。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>This study aims to examine the motivations for work, job perception, and experiences of culturally sensitive care of female Bunun home care workers. In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from six female Bunun home care workers. Analysis revealed that salary, benefits, and flexible caseload are the primary motivations of work for female Bunun home care workers. Feelings in work include the perception of companionship as the best care and high job satisfaction in the process of providing services. In terms of experiences of culturally sensitive care, this study found that tribal elders&rsquo; living habits should be respected in providing culturally sensitive care. In addition, indigenous people, more aware of their living habits, can play an important role in connecting with tribal elders. Hence, care of tribal elders by indigenous people can ensure that the givers and receivers of care understand, communicate, and interact effectively with each other. Based on the findings of this study, this paper proposes several recommendations and reflections: First, internal and external motivations for care work should be improved; second, the power of indigenous tribes should be utilized to build a tribal culturally sensitive care network. This study holds that culturally sensitive care and cultural revitalization are key to the promotion of long-term care by indigenous tribes, and future improvements in these aspects are expected. Furthermore, it is also expected that this study can serve as a reference for indigenous tribes&rsquo; policy of promoting long-term care and can help to enhance the professional image of caregivers of long-term care services.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
12
侯建州, 侯建州. "管理主義效應下的醫務社會工作：醫療臨床的觀察". 臺灣社區工作與社區研究學刊 12, № 3 (2022): 001–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/222372402022101203001.
Full textAbstract:
<p>醫務社工在管理主義興盛的醫院工作，臨床上與醫療團隊合作密切，因此臨床醫務社工受影響處境與醫療團隊對於醫務社工的認知與期待有關。本文係探討醫務社工與醫療團隊互動下對管理主義的回應策略。本文採取質性研究法，深度訪談醫院主管、社工主管、臨床醫務社工、醫務社工組織代表共18位。研究發現提出管理主義對臨床醫務社工所產生的效應，高度與醫療團隊對臨床醫務社工認知與期待有關。本研究彙整臨床醫務社工的回應策略包含（1）溝通與說服－發揮論述與溝通能力以彰顯專業功能、（2）支持及內控－穩固社工內部以展現自我照顧及成長、（3）教育與傳播－種下改變種子以建立未來友善環境。最後，提出討論與建議，以醫務社工的回應策略做總結。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Medical social workers show suppression of hospital managerialism and expectations of medical teams. This study aimed to investigate the responsive strategies of clinical medical social workers toward managerialism based on the interaction between its and medical teams. This study conducted 18 in-depth interviews. The effects of managerialism on clinical medical social workers were derived from cognition and the expectation gap between medical teams and clinical medical social workers. This study generalized the professional responsive strategies of clinical medical social workers as follows: (1) communication and persuade: demonstration of discussions and communication competency to reveal professional functions, (2) support and internal control: stability of internal aspect of social workers to facilitate self-care and growth, and (3) education and spread: making changes to construct a friendly environment. Finally, this study proposes discussions and suggestions and concludes the responsive strategies of medical social work.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
13
游佳琪, 游佳琪, та 許建中 許建中. "正念取向團體方案對人際困擾大學生之人際互動與正念程度介入成效研究". 教育研究學報 56, № 2 (2022): 029–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199044282022105602002.
Full textAbstract:
<p>本研究針對有人際困擾的大學生，設計正念取向團體方案，並探討該方案對提升正念程度及改善其人際困擾之效果。由於參與者已具有一定程度之人際困擾，基於倫理考量，本研究仍採用單一實驗組前後測設計。有八名參與者參與每週一次，每次120分鐘，共六次之方案。以「臺灣版五因素正念量表」及「人際互動評量表」進行四次評估，透過Wilcoxon sign rank test分析介入效果。結果顯示，介入後，正念程度獲得提升，覺察、觀察、不評價、不反應四項指標均有顯著之立即性介入效果，正念及觀察指標具顯著延宕效果，同時，人際困擾程度亦得到改善，冷漠無情、嫉妒敵意、易被他人利用三項指標亦有顯著之立即性介入效果。最後，針對諮商輔導人員提出建議。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>This study designed a group mindfulness program for college students with interpersonal disturbances and examined the effectiveness of the program. The program consisted of six 120-min sessions held once a week. Because participants were experiencing interpersonal disturbances, the study relied on a one-group, pretest&ndash;posttest design. In total, 8 college students participated in the study. The Taiwanese version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems were adopted and used to evaluate the outcomes of the program. The study involved 4 evaluations. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The degree of mindfulness among participants improved. Four mindfulness indicators had significant immediate intervention effects. The degree of mindfulness and observation had a significant delayed effect. Further, the degree of interpersonal disturbances improved. The three indicators of interpersonal disturbances also had significant immediate intervention effects. The program was deemed effective.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
14
洪暐珍, 洪暐珍, 鍾儀潔 鍾儀潔 та 鳳華 鳳華. "語言行為與語言行為結合音樂教學對提升泛自閉症兒童互動式語言之成效與差異". 特殊教育學報 58, № 58 (2023): 085–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/207455832023120058003.
Full textAbstract:
<p>本研究旨在探究語言行為教學及語言行為結合音樂教學對三位學前泛自閉症兒童之互動式語言能力提升的成效。研究方法使用單一受試研究法之序列交替處理設計（即組合跨參與者多探測設計和交替處理設計）。本研究包括基線期、交替介入期、最佳介入期與追蹤期四階段，並依序將上述教學介入運用於三位研究參與者，以探討教學介入對目標行為的成效。研究結果顯示，兩種教學皆具有立即及短期維持互動式語言之成效，且具社會效度。就短期維持成效上而言，語言行為教學之成效較語言行為結合音樂教學佳。依研究結果所延伸的運用及建議如下：首先，教學者可應用語言行為教學及語言行為結合音樂教學，教導泛自閉症兒童互動式語言，以增進溝通及人際互動之能力；再者，設計前除應先確認學生之語速、反應速度等語言相關能力外，也應依據學生學習風格與習慣，逐步拓展互動式對話主題腳本內容；最後，將音樂作為提示時，應依學生的能力選擇適合的提示類型或方式。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Purpose</p> <p> Skinner regarded language as functional communicative verbal behaviors which are closely related to the environment, and thus are affected by the interaction of speakers and listeners. Different verbal behaviors obtain different specific functions, so verbal behavior can also be called verbal operants. (Barbera 2007/2012 Goldsmith, et al., 2007; LeBlanc, et al., 2006). DeVries et al. (2015) and James et al. (2015) reviewed relevant research and pointed out that using music as an intervention strategy will help children with autism to improve communication skills, language development, and social interaction. However, it is found that most studies using music as an intervention strategy focus on oral narration or active response, &hellip;etc., and there is a lack of &quot;&quot;thematic/topic&quot;&quot; interval research. When comparing international and domestic research, research in Taiwan is mostly qualitative research, quantitative research is relatively few. Feng and colleagues (2015) used the verbal behavior teaching approach to explore its effectiveness in improving the &quot;&quot;topic&quot;&quot; intraverbals of the participants. However, it was part of the behaviors focused. According to the results of social validity, there was still room for further exploration. Lim and Draper (2011) compared the effects of the verbal behavior approach, verbal behavior combined with music, and no teaching training on intraverbal behavior in preschool children with autism. However, verbal behavior combined with music was not superior to using the verbal behavior teaching approach alone. In addition, the dependent variable was the ability to continue the teacher’s unfinished sentences rather than full-sentence back-and-forth interactions. Given the above reasons, the objectives of this study included: (a) exploring the effect of the verbal behavior approach on improving thematic interactive skills of children with autism, (b) examining the effect of verbal behavior combined with music teaching approach on improving the above-mentioned behaviors, and (c) investigate which approaches (verbal behavior teaching alone or when that combined with music) would generate better results. </p> <p> Methods</p> <p> A sequential alternating treatments design (multiple probe design across participants merged with modified alternating treatment design) of single-case research was adopted in this study. The research contained baseline, alternating intervention, best intervention, and follow-up phases. The two intervention schemes are alternated according to fixed rules, and it should be collected until one of the interventions first reached 70% and was stable for 3 consecutive points. When the curves of the two teaching programs separate, the program that has not reached the standard and was not stable was stopped, and the best intervention period will be entered. The reason why the above-mentioned 70% was the decided standard was that after the researchers finished writing the dialogue scripts, they conducted tests on ordinary students and found that although most of the children could follow the scripts, not all of them could answer the rhetorical questions. In addition, taking into account that the study participant scored 1 point as long as he was able to repeat it at the second echoic prompt, so 9 points for self-response with 3 sentences (3 points * 3 = 9 points ). Besides, at least two sentences were recited for the second time. The calculation of 1/15*100% is about 70% or more, so the standard of 70% was set. For the best intervention, continue teaching with the teaching plan that first meets the standard among the two teaching plans, until it reaches the predetermined standard of 70% for three consecutive points (that is, the topic dialogue is maintained up to three rotations or more), the research participant would stop receiving the intervention and entered the follow-up one week after the end of the optimal intervention. During follow-up, the purpose of it was to confirm whether it had short-term maintenance effects following the alternating treatment period. One week after the cessation of the teaching intervention, another four weeks were conducted with the topic script of intraverbal behaviors, and then four probe assessments were also conducted. When the third research participant&rsquo;s target behaviors were probed and found to reach the predetermined goals, the follow-up period assessments and the study was stopped. The participants were three preschoolers with autism. They were 5, 6, and 6 years old with suspected autism, suspected autism combined with intelligence impartment, and autism combined with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder respectively. The first two were boys and the last was a girl. Based on initiate probes, the percentage correction of interval behaviors of all participants was around forty percent. Four themes, &quot;&quot;games&quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;food&quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;shopping&quot;&quot; and &quot;&quot;routine&quot;&quot;, were used to train the participants&rsquo; intraverbal behaviors. Each theme has two copies with similar dialogue content difficulties. When one copy was randomly assigned to receive verbal behavior approach alone, the other extra copy was used when the verbal behavior approach was combined with music. In addition, because preschool children may not have sufficient literacy, the three-step prompts and fading procedure were also used to facilitate the acquisition of the participants&rsquo; intraverbal behaviors. The researcher selected the melody that the participants are familiar with, integrated it into the theme dialogue script, and had the dialogue by humming. The dependent variable of this study was intraverbal behaviors, which were defined as when the research participants could make a &quot;&quot;correct or reasonable response&quot;&quot; to any questions or dialogue of the researcher. Use the theme interactive verbal correct response percentage record to score the correct response as 3 points, and circle 3 points on the record sheet when the participant emerged target behavior independently. If the research participants repeated the same/similar error or do not respond after the first echoic prompt, 2 points were scored. If the research participants repeated the same/similar error or do not respond after the second echoic prompt (stressed the key words), 1 point were scored. After the second echoic prompt, those who repeat inappropriately or had no responses were scored as 0 point.</p> <p> Results</p> <p> The results revealed that both of verbal behavior approach and verbal behavior combined with music prompts approach had immediate and short-term maintenance effects to increase intraverbal skills for all three preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. The verbal behavior approach seems to have better effect in short-term maintenance. </p> <p> Discussions and suggestions</p> <p> The results of this study carried the following implications: First, the educators may design the verbal behavior approach and verbal behavior combined with music prompts approach to teach intraverbal of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders, which may improve these children&rsquo;s communication and social interaction. Second, educators need to evaluate learners&rsquo; prerequisite language ability before conducting any potential interventions. Educators also need to consider the students&rsquo; learning styles to gradually expand the contents of dialogue themes and scripts. Finally, depending on learners&rsquo; individual differences, educators may choose more appropriate types of prompts or forms when combining music as part of the intervention.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
15
黃朝琮, 黃朝琮. "與時遞嬗的Unocal標準──德拉瓦州案例法之觀察". 中正財經法學 29, № 29 (2024): 1–47. https://doi.org/10.53106/207873752024070029001.
Full textAbstract:
德拉瓦州法院於敵意併購時期發展出Unocal標準，由董事主觀是否善意及所採取手段之合理性，審酌董事行為之適法性。本文觀察德拉瓦州法院關於Unocal標準之近年判決，指出在敵意併購活動沉寂、股東行動主義興起下，公司經營階層之防禦對象轉為行動股東，使得敵意併購時期形成之Unocal標準，未必得以直接適用，否則反將有扼殺股東行動主義運作之疑慮。故德拉瓦州法院透過晚近判決之闡述，揚棄實質性壓迫概念，亦要求董事所防禦之威脅必須實際存在，並透過比例性審查的操作，否決限制股東交換意見、採取共同行動之毒藥丸，以確保在法院不介入實質審查董事內容下，股東與董事間之溝通互動得以順暢進行，使得有意採取行動的股東得以有效提出訴求，並由董事加以回應，其中巧思，值得吾人借鑒以為我國法制發展之參考。Delaware courts developed the so-called Unocal standard to scrutinize directors’behavior based whether the director acts in good faith and the measure adopted is reasonable. This article observes recent decisions by Delaware courts, indicating that with the decline of hostile takeover activities and surge of shareholder activism, the threat against which the management defends becomes the activist shareholder and the Unocal standard promulgated in the takeover era cannot be directly applied or otherwise the operation of shareholder activism would be jeopardized. Thus, the Delaware courts, through recent judgement, abandon the concept of substantive coercion, request the threated to be defended to be real and invalidate the poison pills that would hinder the shareholders from communicating with each other or acting in concert. The idea underlying those decisions allow the court to ensure the shareholders could smoothly communicate and interact with each other, but in the same time without substantively review the directors’decision, which is worth noting and could serve as a reference to structure our standard of review.
16
吳韻吾, 吳韻吾, 閻亞寧 Yun-Wu Wu та 翁國華 Ya-Ning Yen. "應用新興人機互動科技發展智慧建築教學策略培養學生知識、實作與創造力". 建築學報 117-1, № 117-1 (2021): 001–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/101632122021090117007.
Full textAbstract:
<p>教育目標是培訓學生滿足這些新興技術/行業要求，並在科學和技術領域中發揮積極作用，本研究的目的在針對與時俱進的教學策略，材料，方法和活動進行開發如物聯網（IoT）和智能建築等新興技術的主題。因此，本研究探索了新的人機交互和方法，例如行動學習、基於Web的學習和無處不在的學習，如何幫助教師提高學生相對於他們的基礎知識以及應用新興技術的實踐和創造能力的學習成效，技術應用於建築設計。具體而言，本研究開發了一種漸進的教學過程，涉及知識，實踐和創造力，可應用於智能建築和節能以及建築設計課程。上述教學策略和教材將遵循教育理論，為實現擬議的研究目標，規劃了三年計畫如下。（1）知識力-發展智慧建築與物聯網新興科技知識力建構教學策略與方法；（2）實作力-運用作中學教學策略厚植智慧建築新興科技應用與實作能力；（3）第三年：創造力-人本思考下的智慧建築新興科技創新建築設計養成教學。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>The educational goal that fulfills the requirements of these emerging technologies/industries is to train students to play an active role in these new science and technology fields, and the purpose of this study is to develop teaching strategies, materials, methods, and activities on the theme of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart buildings. To do so, the study explores how new human-computer interactions and methodologies such as mobile, web-based, and ubiquitous learning can help instructors to enhance their students’ learning performance relative to their fundamental knowledge and their practical and creative ability to apply emerging technology to architectural design. Specifically, the study develops a progressive teaching process, involving knowledge, practice and creativity that can be applied to courses in the smart building, smart building and energy conservation, and architectural design. The above-mentioned teaching strategy and materials will follow the educational theories. A three-year plan for achieving the proposed research goal is as follows. (1) First year: fundamental knowledge: developing a teaching strategy and methodology that supports emerging smart-building and IoT technologies. (2) Second year: practical power: applying a learning-by-doing teaching strategy to equip students with the capabilities of the emerging smart-building technologies. (3) Third year: creativity: applying a human-centered design approach to develop students’ abilities in the area of innovative architectural design based on emerging smart-building technologies.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
17
蔡佳玲, 蔡佳玲, 張惟喬 張惟喬, 葉旻純 葉旻純, 劉致誠 劉致誠, 陳建志 陳建志 та 李世明 Jiann-Jy Chen. "融合電腦視覺與慣性感測資訊實現在空間中識別身分". 理工研究國際期刊 13, № 1 (2023): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/222344892023041301003.
Full textAbstract:
身份辨識其應用場景非常廣泛，如：互動式機器人，目前市面上有許多相關的設備與產品可協助執行身分辨識，例如：無線射頻辨識(RFID)、虹膜辨識。但這些辨識大部分都是使用單一的設備，因此在應用在現實環境時，總會遇到諸多限制；例如：虹膜辨識和指紋辨識需要短距離或接觸操作。<br>在本論文中，我們運用三種感測器進行資料融合，分別為攝影機、慣性傳感器和電子證件。雖然使用RGB視覺攝影機協助取得場景的視覺資料，但是本論文並沒有使用到人臉辨識的技術，這樣的系統一來有助於解決人臉辨識所造成的隱私問題，二來不要求所使用的攝影機必須具備高解析度且不需要預先替場景中的人員建立其人臉生物資訊，最後是融合多感測器可校正慣性感測器的定位誤差問題且可有效降低影像遮蔽所造成的負面效應。在本文的系統中，我們提出二個特徵融合算法，進行感測資料融合，同時此演算法除了考慮受試者的運動軌跡，更加入受試者運動過程的時間特徵；算法的執行不需繁瑣的數據標籤和模型訓練。實驗數據顯示，我們的系統具有高達95%以上的辨識率。我們實現並實現一原型系統來驗證我們的方法與可行性。Person identification is always one of the most popular technology applications. There are many devices and products have been sold to do person identification, such as radio frequency identification (RFID), face recognition, and iris recognition. However, most of identifications approaches, which are all based on single technology, have limitations when applying in the real environment. For example, they are strongly restricted by specific scenarios and spatial condition of places. <br>In this paper, we propose a data fusion method which combines three kinds of sensors, a camera, inertial sensors and compasses. The camera can capture the video of the whole space, with the video and AI algorithms, the record objects’positions and trajectories can be calculated and identified. Each user is equipped with a wearable device, and the wearable device can capture the user’s motion without any space constraints. The video is not used for face or iris recognition so video quality is not concern here and privacy violation problem is prevented. In this paper, we propose a feature fusion algorithm, which not only considers the motion trajectory of the subject, but also the time characteristics. By the proposed methods, user and wearable devices are paired, so each user can be identified via his or her wearable device, which owns a unique id. According to experiments, our system reaches over 95% recognition rate. A prototype implementation is completed demonstrated to verify the feasibility of our proposed approach.
18
陳怡璇, 陳怡璇, та 劉桂君 Yi-Shiuan Chen. "台灣同婚公投的Facebook 集體行動框架分析". 傳播研究與實踐 12, № 1 (2022): 077–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/222114112022011201004.
Full textAbstract:
<p>本研究關注台灣同志社群如何運用社群媒體框架訊息、推動同婚運動， 爭取社會共識，以及同志社群在社群媒體上的動員策略。本研究使用內容分 析、文本分析與訪談法三種方式分析四個支持同婚社團的粉絲專頁，並深度 訪談10 名同婚運動者。研究發現，使用最多的是「診斷問題框架」，依序為 「動員框架」與「責備政治框架」。反同留言強調婚姻的公共利益、家庭功 能與父母的育兒適切性；挺同留言強調人權、婚姻平等與社會的進步價值。在動員上，社群媒體打破地理疆界，透過人際關係的串連，擴大結盟網絡。網紅的呼籲讓支持者產生愛屋及烏效應，展現社群媒體上獨特的「社群結盟政治」。社群媒體兼具私人社群與公共平臺互為論述的場域，顯現親密關係在公私界線的流動。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>This study examines the use of collective action frames and the mobilizing strategies on social media by LGBT communities in Taiwan to promote samesex marriage and build a supportive social consensus. Content analysis and textual analysis were conducted to analyze postings on the Facebook fan pages of four groups that support same-sex marriage, followed by in-depth interviews with 10 activists from these groups. The findings demonstrate that &quot;diagnostic frames&quot; were the most commonly used frames, followed by &quot;motivational framings&quot; and &quot;blaming frames&quot; The comments against same-sex marriage argued that the traditional marriage supports public interest, the function of the family, and proper parenting, whereas the postings that support same-sex marriage emphasized the importance of human rights, marriage equality, and progressive social values. In terms of mobilization, social media eliminated geographical boundaries and expanded the size of alliance networks that through the development of interpersonal links. Endorsements from social media influencers also attracted more supporters to identify with the cause of the activists. This exemplifies the unique dynamics of &ldquo;social media coalition politics.&rdquo; Since the social media functions as private communities as well as public platforms, it provides a field of interdiscursivity for intimate relationships to flow across the boundaries between the private and the public.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
19
邱鈴真, 邱鈴真. "醫療場域中的性別圖像". 醫療品質雜誌 16, № 5 (2022): 070–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199457952022091605011.
Full textAbstract:
<p>性別平等是一個廣泛的議題，透過性別圖像之「權力、決策與影響力」、「就業、經濟與福利」、「教育、媒體與文化」、「人身安全與司法」、「健康、醫療與照顧」及「環境、能源與科技」等六大領域可以試圖瞭解醫療場域中性別議題的樣貌與發展：醫療機構如同其他機構一樣大多是以男性為主導；醫事人員受到性別職業刻版印象及性別角色限制，使其職涯發展受到限制；性平意識教育在學校基礎教育、醫事人員培育、繼續教育等階段雖有相關規範，仍建議檢討執行成效；醫療場域管理者應就職場互動及醫病關係兩面向採行性別相關政策；醫療人員提供醫療照護時，應看見病人生理性別與社會性別交織的影響；醫療院所可建立各族群性別友善措施評核指標，營造性別友善醫療環境。性別議題在醫療場域中需要各面向的努力，也是政策推動與醫院管理者應重視的課題。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Gender equality is a wide topic. Through the six major aspects of &quot;Power, Decision-making, and Influence,&quot; &quot;Employment, Economy, and Welfare,&quot; &quot;Education, Media, and Culture,&quot; &quot;Personal Safety and Justice,&quot; &quot;Health, Medical Service, and Care,&quot; and &quot;Environment, Energy, and Technology,&quot; we may understand the morphology and development of gender issues in the healthcare field. Healthcare facilities, like other facilities, are mainly dominated by men. Medical personnel are subject to gender-specific stereotype of occupation and gender role limitation, which restrict the personnel&rsquo;s career development. Although regulations regarding gender equality awareness and education are provided in basic school education, training of medical personnel, and advanced education, the implementation effectiveness requires evaluation. Managers in healthcare fields shall adopt gender-related policies in terms of workplace interaction and physician&ndash;patient relationships. When health professionals provide health care, they shall identify the effect of the interaction between the patients&rsquo; physiological sex and social gender. Healthcare institutions are recommended to establish gender-friendly measures and relevant evaluation indicators to create gender-friendly healthcare environments. Gender issues in the healthcare field require efforts from all aspects and attention from the policy implementation agents and hospital managers.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
20
黃志弘, 黃志弘, та 王敬勛 王敬勛. "運用專題導向教學實踐建設開發課程之建築教育探討". 建築學報 126, № 126增刊 (2023): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/101632122023120126009.
Full textAbstract:
從多年建築教學經驗發現建築系學生在大學階段的課程中多聚焦於建築設計、營建技術、環境工學、歷史理論等專業，使畢業前就具有基礎理論的認知與能力。但對實務中的不動產市場、都市更新、產品價值、土地開發財務等，市場經濟議題的專業技術操作應用較為生疏，本課程目的即在強化此一核心職能。<br>為此目的，本課程教學實踐研究方法，運用專題導向學習(Project Based Learning, PBL)、討論教學法(Discussion Teaching Method, DTM)與協作學習（Collaborative Learning, CL），一學期分為三階段，分別為「購屋理財規劃實務專題」、「土地開發財務計畫實務專題」、「都市更新及危老條例實務分析專題」，研究中導入產業實務案例，加強學生互相討論、交流、辯論及實務現場決策的教學環境，最後再回饋分析。<br>學習效果評量採用問卷調查法，於Google線上表單製作「畢業學生學習成效回饋調查」匿名問卷，請109至111學年度選修課程之同學填寫問卷，並選擇卡方獨立性檢定(The Chi-Squared Test)進行分析，研究結果顯示教學模式有助於增加學習興趣、專業技能學習效果以及實務操作的應用。Architectural students are relatively unfamiliar with the application of professional skills and practical technical operational abilities on market economic issues, which are the main purpose of this study. Thus, this course employs Project Based Learning (PBL) and Discussion Teaching Method (DTM) and Collaborative Learning (CL), spanning 18 weeks with three hours of instruction per week and structured into three phases. These phases include Project One, ''Practical Case Studies in Home Purchase Financial Planning''; Project Two, ''Practical Case Studies in Land Development Financial Planning''; and Project Three, ''Practical Case Studies in Urban Renewal and Aging Regulations.'' The approach aims to enhance interaction between instructors and students, creating an instructional environment and applying empirical projects, and collaboratively address problems during class. A questionnaire survey was conducted using an anonymous online form created on Google Forms, titled ''Graduate Student Learning Effectiveness Feedback Survey.'' Students who enrolled in the course during the academic years 109 to 111 were invited to participate. The data were analyzed using Chi-Square Test of Independence, revealing that the instructional model contributes to increased interest in learning, improved effectiveness in acquiring professional skills, and enhanced application of practical skills.
21
傅秀雲, 傅秀雲. "台灣護理與COVID-19疫苗接種程序概要". 輔仁醫學期刊 20, № 4 (2022): 040–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/181020932022122004005.
Full textAbstract:
<p>本篇文章主要是探討面對COVID19，相關的護理安全管理所面臨的挑戰以及訂定疫苗接種步驟準則的適切性。文中提到，當目前國內缺乏COVID19疫苗接種標準程序時，護理人員必須具備「高階護理能力」。研究方法採實地訪查與個別性討論：由衛生所參與Covid-19疫苗分發作業的六名專業註冊護理師(RN)和兩名護理長(HN)進行「護理人員在施打疫苗步驟上如何能更安全進行」這項議題的討論。歸納出以下二點：一、民眾和護理師之間良善的互動和溝通，可有效反應出疫苗真正需求的數量，能夠幫助未來建立分配疫苗的適切模式。在護理環境快速變動的當下，不斷求新更知亦是護理人員的職責所在。二、在幫助民眾施打疫苗時，在疫苗分配與控管過程中採取的預防性安全措施，能夠使疫苗管理更有效率，進而增強民眾與護理人員之間的信任關係。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Background and Purpose: The purpose of this report is to discuss the challenges and procedures for the safety management and vaccination protocol for nurses in rela-tion to COVID-19. The lack of which dictates that nurses must possess advanced nursing skills, especially in the field of vaccination protocol. Methods: Six professional registered nurses (RN) and two leader nurses in the community health center were engaged in individual interviews regarding the Covid-19 vaccine distribution, and the related safety practice issues between July 2021 to December 2021. Results: A crucial factor between a client and a nurse&rsquo;s interaction and communication is related to the lucid understanding of vaccine determinants in the distribution of the vaccine using a proper framework. Nurses also require updated information for their duties in these truly unpredictable times. Conclusion: Precautional safety taken within the allocation and control of vaccines for public use will give credence to correct vaccine management procedures that can augment a more effective relationship and better communication between nurses and the public.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
22
陳冠杰, 陳冠杰, та 鄒治華 Kuan-Chieh Chen. "尺度交互作用對夏與秋季颱風強度發展之影響". 大氣科學 50, № 2 (2022): 151–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/025400022022075002003.
Full textAbstract:
<p>本研究利用綜觀尺度擾動(SSE)動能方程式，定量分析尺度交互作用對颱風強度發展的影響。研究結果發現，強烈颱風(C3-C5等級，最大強度&ge;96 knots)的移動速度(發展時間)較弱颱風(C1-C2等級，最大強度64~95 knots)慢(長)，增強率較大。分析強颱移動速度較慢的原因，發現弱颱風與強烈颱風主要受到大尺度副高環流場的導引而移動。然而，強颱伴隨的駛流場較弱，其可能與副高環流場減弱及季風槽和季內震盪(ISO)氣旋式環流的增強有關。此外，強(弱)颱往西北方向(往西以及往北轉向)移動。而強颱增強率較強的原因為其東南-西北向的移動路徑，經過西北太平洋海溫最高、對流層頂溫度最低、垂直風切場最弱，以及ISO擾動動能最大的區域，有利強颱的強度發展。</p> <p>SSE動能方程式的研究結果顯示，在颱風從生成增強至最大強度的過程中，正壓能量轉換(CK項)與斜壓能量轉換(CE項)均是颱風強度增強的能量來源。CK項中的CKS-M 和CKS-ISO兩項均有正貢獻，即季節平均環流與ISO均傳送能量給颱風發展。然而，在颱風發展後期，強颱與弱颱CKS-ISO差異大，強颱自ISO 獲得較多能量。CKS-ISO差異主要來源為CKS-ISO中的-(〖u_s^&rsquo; v〗_s^&rsquo; (&part;u_I^&rsquo;)/&part;y) ̅ 項，該項與強颱伴隨ISO氣旋式環流(-(&part;u_I^&rsquo;)/&part;y>0)的增強及強颱 〖u_s^&rsquo; v〗_s^&rsquo;向北傳送動量較多有關。因此，當ISO與颱風增強，強颱將自ISO 獲得更多能量。此外，因強颱與伴隨強颱的ISO氣旋式環流移速較慢，在颱風發展後期，強颱與ISO氣旋式環流仍位在暖洋面上。而ISO氣旋式環流南側西南氣流所提供的水氣，亦有利強颱的潛熱釋放，將強颱可用位能轉換成更多的強颱動能。此正回饋效應，使強颱得到較多能量而強度較強。因此，尺度交互作用是颱風強度發展的重要機制。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>This study quantitatively analyzed the influence of scale interaction on typhoon intensity by using the synoptic-scale eddy (SSE) kinetic energy equation. Our research showed that speed of movement, development time, and intensification rate of intense typhoons (categories 3&ndash;5 with maximum sustained wind speeds greater than 96 knots) are slower, longer, and larger, respectively, than those of weak typhoons (categories 1&ndash;2 with maximum sustained wind speeds between 64 and 95 knots). By analyzing the reasons for the slower speed of movement of intense typhoons, we discovered that weak and intense typhoons are mainly steered by large-scale subtropical high circulation during the intensification process. However, the steering flow of intense typhoons are much weaker which may result from the weakened subtropical high circulation, the enhanced monsoon trough and strengthened intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) cyclonic circulation. In addition, intense typhoons were steered northwestward, while weak typhoons moved westward or northward recurving. The northwestward propagation of intense typhoons experienced the highest sea surface temperature (SST), lowest tropopause temperature, weakest vertical wind shear, and largest ISO kinetic energy region over the western North Pacific (WNP). These large-scale environments were favorable for the growth (a larger intensification rate) of intense typhoons.</p> <p>Further diagnosis of the SSE kinetic energy budget suggested that the enhancement of typhoon intensity is contributed by both barotropic (CK) and baroclinic (CE) energy conversions during the intensification process. The positive contributions of CKS-M and CKS-ISO in the CK term indicate that both seasonal mean circulation and ISO flow provide energy to typhoons. However, intense typhoons gain more eddy kinetic energy from the ISO flow during the late period of typhoon development. This CKS-ISO difference is dominated by the -(〖u_s^&rsquo; v〗_s^&rsquo; (&part;u_I^&rsquo;)/&part;y) ̅ term associated with the strengthened ISO cyclonic circulation (-(&part;u_I^&rsquo;)/&part;y>0) and the greater momentum transport (〖u_s^&rsquo; v〗_s^&rsquo;) of intense typhoons. Thus, as ISO and typhoons intensified, intense typhoons gain more energy from ISO. In addition, both the intense typhoons and their accompanying ISO cyclonic circulation are still located over the warm ocean due to their slower speed of movement. The moisture provided by the southwesterly flows at the southern flank of this ISO cyclonic circulation was also favorable for the latent heat release of intense typhoons and converted more typhoon available potential energy into typhoon kinetic energy. This positive feedback causes intense typhoons to receive more energy and further results in more intensification of intense typhoons. This research indicates that scale interaction plays an important role in the development of typhoon intensity.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
23
許碧珊, 許碧珊, 宋韋瑩 Pi-Shan Hsu, 吳姿欣 吳姿欣, 蔡瀚瑩 Zih-Xin Wu та 林鉅勝 Han-Ying Tsai. "COVID-19疫苗大規模接種規劃經驗分享". 台灣家庭醫學雜誌 32, № 3 (2022): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/168232812022093203001.
Full textAbstract:
<p>COVID-19大流行影響了整個世界的醫療、生活及經濟，世界衛生組織(WHO)宣稱COVID-19疫苗，將是結束這場瘟疫必須也是最有效的工具。文獻指出，COVID-19群體免疫的閾值可能介於疫苗接種涵蓋率55%至82%之間。臺中榮民總醫院積極配合國家政策，以滾動式修正，機動性調整疫苗接種作業，提供短時間內有效率的大量疫苗接種。執行大規模COVID-19疫苗接種歷需要五項策略。策略一、『事前規劃，當責領導』，首重集權式當責領導，能夠有效發揮跨部門整合包含醫師、藥師、護理師、資訊、工程、總務、醫企與教材組等，予以團隊清楚指令，並能及時監控成效。策略二、『人力盤點，團隊成軍』，大規模疫苗注射計劃需要深思熟慮和反覆規劃，透明和及時溝通，疫苗接種現場人員相互支持，協調合作和充分賦權。策略三、『空間場勘，最適規劃』，空間場勘選定場所，將有限空間做最大的運用與最適規劃。策略四、『流程規劃，以人為本』，接種流程規劃，是以「人」為考量，包括了工作人員與接種民眾的需求為出發點，以提供盡可能的友善措施與特別需求的個別協助。策略五、『巧推運用，省時省力』，巧妙運用非理性層面的驅力(drives)使民眾不自覺產生期待行為，進而使整個疫苗接種流程更加順暢。預防接種一直以來是為預防保健與中止傳染病的重要手段，以往傳統的大量流感疫苗接種方式，面對新冠疫苗大規模接種的挑戰時已不敷應付。規劃大規模疫苗接種計畫的經驗，一同反思舊有的模式，調整作法與分享經驗，以應對未來更多未知的醫療保健服務挑戰。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that the COVID-19 vaccine will be the necessary and most effective tool to end the COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected the health, livelihood and economy of the entire world. The literature suggests that the threshold for COVID-19 herd immunity may range from 55% to 82% of vaccination coverage. In active compliance with the national policy, Taichung Veterans General Hospital has adjusted its vaccination operation on a rolling basis to provide a large number of efficient vaccinations within a short period of time. Five strategies are needed to implement a massive COVID-19 vaccination program. Strategy 1: &ldquo;Advance planning and responsible leadership,&rdquo; Strategy 2: &ldquo;Manpower inventory and team building,&rdquo; Strategy 3: &ldquo;Space and site survey for optimal planning,&rdquo; Strategy 4: &ldquo;People-oriented process planning,&rdquo; and Strategy 5: &ldquo;Use of nudge theory to save time and effort.&rdquo; Vaccination has long been an important tool for preventive health care and the prevention of infectious diseases, but it is clear that the traditional mass influenza vaccination approach is no longer sufficient to meet the challenges of mass vaccination with the new vaccine. The experience of planning a mass vaccination program has allowed us to reflect on the old model, adjust our practices, and share our experiences to meet more unknown challenges in health care delivery in the future.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
24
白又文, 白又文, та 吳純慧 吳純慧. "桌上遊戲融入社會技巧教學增進視障學童人際互動之行動研究". 特殊教育學報 58, № 58 (2023): 001–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/207455832023120058001.
Full textAbstract:
<p>本研究旨在透過桌上遊戲融入社會技巧教學，以改善國小視障學童與明眼同儕相處時不適當之行為並增進其互動。採用行動研究方式，以一名國小四年級就讀特教班視障學童與六名明眼同儕透過三款桌上遊戲進行互動，進行兩次循環共八週16堂課的桌上遊戲融入社會技巧教學。教學活動後，研究者進入視障學童進行融合課程之普通班級觀察兩週，了解教學實施後人際互動的應用成效。資料蒐集包含：「國民中小學社交技巧行為與特徵檢核表」分數、觀察記錄表、教學省思日誌以及訪談資料等。研究結論顯示，（一）社交技巧直接教學並搭配桌上遊戲實際互動，透過循環調整教學目標之課程方案為可行之教學方式；（二）視障學童在「提升挫折容忍力」、「不誤解他人意思」、「不隨意碰觸他人物品」等社會技巧能力有所改善，並增進了在普通班的人際互動；（三）行動研究有助於提升研究者在應用桌上遊戲融入課程規劃與教學成長、教學溝通與協調等教師專業知能。最後，根據本研究的發現與結論，提出相關建議供未來教學與研究參考。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Purpose</p> <p>In Taiwan, special education is committed to promoting inclusive education. Therefore, students in centralized special education classes in many schools are assigned part of the time to ordinary classes, so that students in special education classes have the opportunity to interact and communicate with teachers and students in ordinary classes. However, it was found that special students lack social skills, and there are still many difficulties in interacting with ordinary class students. In order to solve the problems observed by researchers in the teaching field, the purpose of this study is as follows. (1) To develop the teaching of social skills of board games for the student with visual impairment. (2) To explore whether the teaching of board game integration and social skills to the student with visual impairment can improve inappropriate behaviors in interpersonal interaction, and whether it can enhance interpersonal interaction with sighted peers. (3) To understand the researcher&rsquo;s teaching growth and reflection in the process of teaching research. Literature review: Social skills of visually impaired students: Many studies had pointed out that in addition to systematic curriculum planning, the curriculum design of providing social skills for visually impaired students pays more attention to providing opportunities to interact with sighted peers during the curriculum, so as to increase the experience of practical interpersonal interaction. In Taiwan, relevant research on the intervention of social skills teaching for visually impaired students mainly focuses on improving social skills of visually impaired students through direct teaching or group training to cope with their interpersonal challenges. However, the research design of interacting with discerning peers had not been introduced into the curriculum. Application of board games in special education and considerations for visually impaired students: In recent years, board games have been paid more and more attention to and widely used in the teaching of special students. In terms of the objects of empirical research, most of them focused on teaching interventions to improve the interpersonal interaction of students with autism, intellectual disability, ADHD, etc. At the same time, in recent years, we have also begun to see the design and research of board games targeting the visually impaired. However, they were still lack of relevant empirical research on how to improve the interpersonal interaction of visually impaired students by teaching courses through board games. Therefore, this study intends to develop and revise the teaching plan of integrating board games into social skills. At the same time, evaluate the implementation effect of board games integrating social skills teaching on the interpersonal interaction between the student of visual impairment and discerning students. And analyze the impact of the implementation process on teachers&rsquo; professionalism Intellectual growth and reflection.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Action research: This study adopted the action research method to explore the practice and effect of integrating board games into the teaching of social skills for the student of visual impairment. Participants: A fourth-grade visually impaired student in a centralized special education class in an ordinary school, and six discerning board game interactive students. These six students had no disability qualifications, were recommended by teachers to be emotionally stable, and had no interaction experience with the visually impaired student in this study. In addition, this study also included other relevant participants, including researchers, teacher assistants, teachers in integrated classes, students in integrated classes, etc. Curriculum design: This study designed 8 weeks and 16 lessons for teaching intervention, the first four weeks as the first round, and the last four weeks as the second round. Each lesson lasts forty minutes, and there were two classes a week. The first class of the week was teaching social skills through direct teaching; the second class was board game activities, inviting students with discerning eyes to participate in the board game together, if the student of visual impairment had inappropriate behavior during the process, teacher paused the game immediately and taught the appropriate method at the same time. The table games in this study were: &ldquo;Arabian Pot&rdquo; for hearing, &ldquo;UNO&rdquo; for vision, and &ldquo;Star Trek&rdquo; for touch. At the same time, when interacting with the table games, adjust the playing methods and rules of the board games in a timely manner according to the characteristics of the visually impaired students and the relevant precautions in the teaching of the student of visual impairment. Research tools: The research tools in this study included: Social Skills Behavior and Characteristics Checklist for Primary and Secondary Schools, Board Game Social Skills Record Form, Integration Class Behavior Observation Record Form, Interview Record, Teaching Reflection Log. Research process: The research processes were divided into three stages. The first stage was the preparatory stage. The second stage was the teaching practice stage. This implementation plan was not a one-way straight line. If new problems or teaching difficulties were discovered during the research process, the solution would be rethought and new action strategies would be implemented. The third stage was the data processing and analysis stage after teaching. Data processing and analysis: This research used different sources to collect data, including teaching reflections, text files translated from teaching videos, standardized assessment tests, board game social skills record sheets, fusion class behavior observation record sheets, and interview data of different subjects. At the same time, triangular cross-validation was carried out to check the consistency and reliability of the data. Research ethics: In this study, informed consent was obtained from the research subjects and relevant participants.</p> <p>Results </p> <p>The results showed that, (1) The developed curriculum plan was a feasible teaching method; (2) The student with visual impairment had improved social skills such as &ldquo;improving frustration tolerance&rdquo;, &ldquo;not misinterpreting other people&rsquo;s meaning&rdquo;, &ldquo;not touching other people&rsquo;s objects casually&rdquo;, and he enhanced the interpersonal interaction in ordinary classes; (3) The action research helped to increase teacher&rsquo;s professional knowledge.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The teaching suggestion is to establish opportunities for ordinary students and special students to study together, and for special education teachers to take the initiative. Suggestions for future research include increasing the duration of social skills lessons and using board games to train other social skills.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
25
CHENG, Guobin, та Xiaoxi WU. "在ＡＩ醫生和病人之間——人工智能診斷技術的內在邏輯及其對病人主體性建構的影響". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 17, № 2 (2019): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.171670.
Full textAbstract:
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.近年來，人工智能（ＡＩ）技術在醫療領域中的應用探索十分活躍，ＡＩ診斷又是其中的關注焦點。它可以使診斷更加高效和準確，從而在整體上改善醫療診斷品質，提高醫療資源的供给效率和公平性。不論從ＡＩ診斷發展的技術邏輯還是西方現代醫學診斷思維來看，從智慧助手發展到ＡＩ醫生都具有一定的合理性與必然性。但這一技術具有其内在局限，即使已經發展到理想狀態，ＡＩ醫生也不能完全取代醫生，它能輔助醫生和患者更充分地發揮各自的能動性，卻有可能傷害醫患互動的關鍵内核：意義生成和人格構建。如何在充分利用ＡＩ診斷醫生的效率的同時避免其有可能帶來的負面影響，人們需要對ＡＩ診斷技術發展的底層邏輯提供足夠有力的理論拮抗，而不是停留在技術所限定好的語境中解決那些具體的問題。本文提出，有必要引入中國傳統醫學的診斷思維和儒家“成人”理論，作為針對西方現代醫學觀念和現代主體性哲學發起反思的重要理論資源，並在此基礎上重新審視技術與人文的關係。Applying AI in medical contexts, especially for diagnosis, has become very popular in recent years. AI has the potential to make diagnosis more efficient and accurate, improving the overall quality of medical diagnosis and making medical provisions fairer and more effective. Combining the logic of AI with that of modern Western medical diagnosis, it is to some extent intuitive to imagine AI physicians. However, even in its ideal form, AI technology has intrinsic limitations that will prevent it from completely replacing physicians. Although AI can help physicians and patients to develop their own agency, it may strike at the core of physician–patient interaction: generating meaning and constructing personhood/subjectivity. How can we make best use of the efficiency of AI diagnosis while avoiding its potential negative influence? There needs to be a powerful theoretical rejoinder to the fundamental logic of AI diagnosis. It is not enough to deal with specific issues within the realm already delimited by AI diagnosis technology. This paper highlights the need to incorporate the way of thinking of traditional Chinese medical diagnosis and the Confucian theory of “the way of becoming a person.” Both are important theoretical resources that can be used to counterbalance the way of thinking of modern Western medicine and modern Western philosophy, which emphasize subjectivity. On this basis, the relationship between technology and the humanities can be re-examined.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 65 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
26
ZHOU, Guowen. "自然生命的倫理思慮". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 6, № 2 (2008): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.61461.
Full textAbstract:
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.以老莊的道家思想為憑鑒，切入對自然之物的生命倫理審視，萬物的發端離不開生命之道，生命的兩重價值在於健康與自由。理解生命之端倪在於合乎自然，它不僅善待自然界中的有機物與無機物，而且有效地遵循自然界的生命規律。對人類生命與自然生命的關係的認識是在交互超越主義的框架下進行，它們之間無所不在、無時不在的互動提供了一種視域融合式的自然辨證法觀念。在一個更寬廣的生命倫理學層面，我們必須把生命主體的範圍由人類推廣至自然界的所有生物，它們的生命不僅與人類一樣擁有內在價值，而且也應該被賦予道德權利。對自然生命的倫理審視，是對人類在生命倫理學的生態系統層面所提出的要求。自然生命保護的倫理原則，基本上可歸類為：健康原則、權利原則、自主原則、公正原則、關懷原則與尊重原則。Daoism is a life philosophy that concerns living in line with the rules and patterns of nature. It is ecocentric instead of anthropocentric. In other words, Daoism sees the universe as an organic whole in which there is an intrinsic interconnectedness between the natural world (including animals) and human beings. The two values emphasized by Daoism are health and freedom, both of which are linked to the Daoist conception of nature and naturalness. The Daoist idea of naturalness (ziran) is based on the cosmological view that all things come from the Dao and that all things transform according to its pattern.This essay examines the Daoist ethics of “natural life” and how it is understood within the bigger picture of an ecosystem shared by all living things. The author contends that the principle of health—the physical and spiritual well-being of a person—and the principle of human freedom should be associated with the ecological concerns of today.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 544 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
27
Hung, Ngo Thai. "Bitcoin and CEE stock markets: fresh evidence from using the DECO-GARCH model and quantile on quantile regression." European Journal of Management and Business Economics 30, no. 2 (2021): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejmbe-06-2020-0169.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThis study examines the inter-linkages between Bitcoin prices and CEE stock markets (Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland, Romania and Croatia).Design/methodology/approachThe dynamic contemporaneous nexus has been analyzed using both the multivariate DECO-GARCH model proposed by Engle and Kelly (2012) and quantile on quantile (QQ) methodology proposed by Sim and Zhou (2015). Our study is implemented using the daily data spanning from 6 September 2012 to 12 August 2019.FindingsFirst, the findings show that the average return equicorrelation across Bitcoin prices and CEE stock indices are positive, even though it is found to be time-varying over the research period shown. Second, the Bitcoin-CEE stock market association has positive signs for most pairs of quantiles of both variables and represents a rather similar pattern for the cases of Poland, the Czech Republic and Croatia. However, a weaker and primarily negative connectedness is found for Hungary and Romania, respectively. Furthermore, the interconnectedness between the co-movements in the Bitcoin market and stock returns changes significantly across quantiles of both variables within each nation, indicating that the Bitcoin-stock market relationship is dependent on both the cycle of the stock market and the nature of Bitcoin price shocks.Practical implicationsThe evidence documented in this study has significant implications for divergent economic agents, including global investors, risk managers and policymakers, who would benefit from a comprehensive knowledge of the Bitcoin-stock market relationship to build efficient risk-hedging models and to conduct appropriate policy reactions to information spillover effects in different time horizons.Originality/valueThis paper is the first study employing both the multivariate DECO-GARCH model and QQ methodology to shed light on the nexus between Bitcoin prices and the stock markets in CEE countries. The DECO model uses more information to compute dynamic correlations between each pair of returns than standard dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) models, declining the estimation noise of the correlations. Besides, QQ approach allows us to capture some nuanced features of the Bitcoin-stock market relationship and explore the interdependence in its entirely. Therefore, the main contribution of this article to the related literature in this field is significant.研究目的本研究旨在探討比特幣的價格與中東歐股市(匈牙利、捷克共和國、波蘭、羅馬尼亞和克羅地亞) 之相互聯繫.研究設計/方法/理念研究使用恩格爾與凱利(2012)(Engle and Kelly (2012)) 提出的多變量DECO-GARCH模型及Sim 與Zhou(2015)(Sim and Zhou ( 2015)) 研製的分位數-分位數方法來分析動態同期的聯繫。我們的研究使用由2012年9月6日至2019年8月12日期間取得的每日數據來進行.研究結果首先、研究結果顯示、跨比特幣價格與中東歐股價指數的平均回報當量關聯是正相關的，即使在研究期間被發現是隨時間而變化的。第二、比特幣與中東歐股市之聯繫在大多數兩變數分位數對而言出現正相關跡象，而且，這聯繫在波蘭、捷克共和國及克羅地亞而言表現一個頗相似的模式。唯就匈牙利而言、這聯繫則較弱、而羅馬尼亞則主要是負聯繫。研究結果亦顯示: 比特幣市場內的聯動與股票回報間之內在關聯會在每個國家內跨兩個變數的分位數而顯著地改變，這顯示比特幣-股市關係是取決於股市的週期和比特幣價格衝擊的本質.實際的意義本研究所記載的證據、對不同的經濟行為者而言極具意義 (這包括國際投資者、風險管理經理和政策制定者)，因他們會受惠於對比特幣-股市關係的全面認識，他們可建立有效的風險對沖模型、及在不同時間範圍對資訊溢出效應進行適當的政策反應.研究的原創性/價值本文為首個研究使用多變量DECO-GARCH模型和分位數-分位數(QQ)方法、來解釋比特幣價格與中東歐國家之股市的關係。這DECO模型使用比標準動態條件關係模型更多資訊，來計算每對回報間之動態關係，這能減少估測雜訊，而且，QQ方法讓我們可以取得比特幣-股市關係的一些細微特徵及全面地探索其相互依賴性。因此，本文的主要貢獻是在這學術領域內有關的文獻上.
28
吳志文, 吳志文, та 張思嘉 Chih-Wen Wu. "正向與負向婚姻品質對新婚夫妻自我概念的影響: 行動者—伴侶相依模式之探討". 中華輔導與諮商學報 64, № 64 (2022): 065–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/172851862022050064003.
Full textAbstract:
<p>研究目的:本研究探討婚姻初期自身及伴侶對關係的正向與負向整體評估對形塑華人夫妻的婚姻我(婚 姻關係中與配偶相互尊重並維護和諧互動的關係自我概念)與家族我(家人團體中達成家人共識與團結 並實現家族目標的團體自我概念)的影響。研究方法:兩波間隔兩年的追蹤調查共蒐集到93對夫妻的有 效資料，第一波施測時平均婚齡為1.30年(標準差0.68年)，丈夫與妻子的平均年齡分別為31.46歲(標 準差3.51歲)與29.89歲(標準差2.84歲)。研究結果:分別針對正向婚姻品質(模型一)與負向婚姻品 質(模型二)進行行動者&mdash;伴侶相依模式分析，皆獲得可接受的整體適配度。模型一結果指出，夫妻雙 方的正向婚姻品質對自身婚姻我與家族我皆具正向顯著的行動者效果，妻子的正向婚姻品質對丈夫婚姻 我具正向顯著的伴侶效果，其餘效果未達顯著水準。模型二結果發現，妻子負向婚姻品質對自身婚姻我 與家族我具負向顯著的行動者效果，並對丈夫婚姻我與家族我也有負向顯著的伴侶效果，其餘效果未達 顯著水準。研究結論:婚姻生活中的正、負向婚姻品質在婚姻初期有著形塑、再構婚姻我與家族我的作 用，且在夫妻間有著不同影響。最後探討抽樣偏誤、缺乏細緻運作機制等相關研究限制與未來方向，並 期望各項發現可供實務應用，增進理解婚姻生活經驗形塑華人多元自我概念的運作機制。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Context and Objectives: Marriage brings many challenges, which require careful management and adjustment by both spouses. One of the noteworthy challenges is that individuals will start to view themselves in different ways. During the newlywed period, the self-concepts corresponding to the couple’s new role of spouse and family group members will be developed. As a spouse in a marital relationship, Chinese couples’ marital self-concept (MSC) represents their relationship-oriented self-construal to have mutual love and support with their spouses and maintain a harmonious interaction in their relationship. As a member of both the original family and in-law family, Chinese couples’ familial self-concept (FSC) represents their group-oriented self-construal to honor their families, reach consensus among family members, and achieve the goals of all their family members. Even though the self- concept has an important effect on couples’ marital adaptation, research on how the marriage couples’ self- concepts would be reconstructed is scarce. Because one’s self-concept would be reconstructed by life experience, the purpose of this study is to investigate how marriage life influences Chinese couples’ MSC and FSC in the early stage of marriage. Considering that positive and negative self-involved experiences could drive dissimilar mechanisms, this study attempts to explore the specific effect of positive and negative marital quality. Then, based on the nature of interdependence between marriage couples, this study also uses the actor-partner interdependence model to further explore the actor effect and partner effect between husbands and wives. Method: This study conducted two waves of follow-up surveys separated by a 2-year lag and collected a total of 93 valid dyad-data from couples living in the north (n = 53), middle (n = 11), south (n = 20), and east regions of Taiwan (n = 9). The average length of marriage at the first wave was 1.30 years (SD = 0.68 years), and the average age of the husband and wife were 31.46 years old (SD = 3.51 years) and 29.89 years old (SD = 2.84 years), respectively. This study used structural equation modeling to analyze two hypothetical actor-partner interdependence models. Results: The first model investigated the actor- and partner-effect of positive marital quality on couples’ MSC and FSC and showed acceptable model fit ( 2 = 264.16; df = 204; p = .003; 2/df = 1.29; CFI = .93; TLI = .91; RMSEA = .056; SRMR = .052). The actor-effects of husbands’ and wives’ positive marital quality was positively significant on their own MSC (husbands:11 = .50, SE = 0.11,p < .001; wives:&gamma;32 = .55,SE = 0.12,p < .001) and FSC (husbands: 21 = .33, SE = 0.12, p = .007; wives: 42 = .27, SE = 0.13, p = .034). The partner-effect of wives’ positive maritalqualitywaspositivelysignificantonhusbands’MSC(12 =.24,SE =0.12,p =.036),andtheotherpartner- effects were non-significant. The second model investigated the actor- and partner-effect of negative marital quality and also showed acceptable model fit ( 2 = 253.49; df = 204; p = .011; 2/df = 1.24; CFI = .93; TLI = .91; RMSEA = .051; SRMR = .059). The actor-effect and the partner-effect of husbands’ negative marital quality were non-significant on their own and with wives’ MSC and FSC. However, the actor-effect and the partner-effect of wives’ negative marital quality were negatively significant on their own and with husbands’ MSC (actor-effect: 32 = -.53, SE = 0.14, p < .001; partner-effect: 12 = -.48, SE = 0.15, p = .001) and FSC (actor-effect: 42 = -.42, SE = 0.14, p = .003; partner-effect: 22 = -.35, SE = 0.15, p = .025). Discussion and Conclusion: This study highlighted that positive and negative marital quality in the early stage of marriage can shape and restructure Chinese couples’ self-identification as a spouse and a family group member. Additionally, husbands’ and wives’ marriage life experiences can have different influences on their own and their partners’ self-concepts. Particularly, the wives’ both positive and negative marital qualities have impressive impacts on shaping their own and their husbands’ marital and familial self-concept. The limitation of sampling bias and its influences on the current results are discussed, and the understanding of the detailed mechanism linking positive and negative marital quality to Chinese couples’ self-concept is still very limited and requires further exploration and more attention. These findings might be of importance in providing professional consultants and family life educators a better understanding of how Chinese couples’ marital and familial self-concept will be affected by their life experiences in the early stage of marriage.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
29
YANG, Tianming. "簡析老子的生命倫理觀及其現代意蘊". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 5, № 2 (2007): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.51448.
Full textAbstract:
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.從現代生命倫理觀研究的現實出發，解析老子關於生命倫理觀的思想精髓及其現代意蘊，對於理解與認識現今社會發展中人與自然、人與社會和人與人之間關係所存在的問題，對於促進社會中人自由而全面的發展，都具有重要的價值和意義。從中國傳統思想文化出發，依託社會發展的現實，從倫理學角度對生命的解讀就不能僅僅局限於醫學領域，而應該是在社會這一更為寬泛的領域中進行研究。老子的思想深刻地揭示了自然、人以及社會存在和發展的內在規律，他的思想閃耀著獨特的人性的、智慧的光芒。在其博大深遠的思想之中顯現若現代意義的關於生命倫理觀的意蘊，其基本思想是：人的存在和發展必須是基於對自然和社會發展本質規律（“道”）的深入認識以及積極能動地尊重和適應﹔人的生命價值的實現和生命尊嚴的獲得必須是基於人與自然和社會良好的互動關係中得以實現的。人與外在因素互動過程中， 基本上形成了人與自然、人與社會和人與人之間三個層次的關係。在人與自然的關係中， 老子認為天之道也即是人之法，自然法則也應是人的行為規範， 應把對自然法則的認識上升到人類行為價值的高度。人對自我生命的愛護、尊重與保全，是以尊重與遵循自然之道為前提的，人的生命的存在與發展必須與自然保持和諧統一。在人與人的關係中， 老子首先認為在對待他人的利益方面，應該做到以寬厚仁慈的心態待人接物，成人之美，與人為善。其次，老子強調的是個體對自我心態和行為的約束。再者，在對待與他人的矛盾方面，老子認為“夫唯不爭，故天下莫能與之爭”。在分析社會與人的關係中，老子首先認為國家政策的實施，應該是循序漸進的，必須考慮到普通人的承受能力。其次老子認為社會和政府必須協調、平衡人與人之間的各種差距，政策的制定與實施應盡可能關照到最大多數人的利益。再者老子認為社會中人與人利益的不均衡，必將致使社會存在風險。老子的思想對於我們今天從倫理的角度認識人生命的尊嚴、權利與價值，對於理解人以及社會的和諧發展都具有重要的現實意義和價值。第一、隨著經濟的快速發展，人類對自然環境的破壞也日漸加劇。人類存在和發展的權利與自然是平等的，不能以犧牲生態環境、犧牲人生命存在和發展的價值去發展經濟，因為社會的可持續發展依存於人類與自然的和諧統一。第二、目前社會發展存在諸多方面的不均衡狀態。政府有責任縮小包括經濟、醫療和教育等方面的差距，使得公眾在各種資源的佔有上盡可能地趨向均衡狀態，使公眾擁有相對平等的生存權、發展權、生命健康權和接受教育的權利等，以維護其生命的尊嚴和促進其生命價值的實現。第三、在醫學活動中，其正實踐“預防為主”的方針，有效控制和消除引發疾病的各種自然和社會的因素，激發人自身的潛能，順應生命存在與發展的自然和社會的內在規律，引導公眾崇尚並踐行健康、文明、科學的生活方式，在“預防為主”科學理念的引領下積極維護人的生命健康權。第四、個體人文素質的提高是社會文明發展的重要標誌，它能夠促進人與人之間關係的協調，能夠喚醒和增強個體關注與維護他人生命的尊嚴、權利、價值。重視優良傳統道德文化在社會中的作用與價值，以制度化的方式加強優秀傳統道德文化的教育和實踐，培養公眾的人文主義精神。以社會現實為基礎，從生命倫理觀的角度出發對老子思想的研究，必然能夠加深對人以及生命的尊嚴、權利、價值的維護與實現的理解，促進人與自然、社會的和諧發展，促進人自由而全面的發展。This paper attempts to show that Laozi's thought covers a sense of bioethics and carries profound moral implications for contemporary society. His basic thought includes: Human existence and development must be based on the essential rule of nature (dao); a thorough understanding of dao can improve human adaptation; and human value and dignity must be realized based on natural and good social relations and interactions.In natural relations, Laozi thought that the dao of nature is also the rule of person; that is, natural rule should also be a person's behavior standards. Human existence and development must maintain a harmonious unification with nature. In personal relations, Laozi thought that one should treat other people generously and beneficially, helping others do well. At the same time, Laozi emphasized that one must control and restrict one's desires and passions. As he put it, "if you do not compete with anyone else, nobody will defeat you."Laozi’s thought has good ethical implications for today. First, along with fast economical development, humans should pay attention to the preservation of the natural environment. Society’s sustainable development depends on a harmonious human unification with nature. Second, government should have a responsibility to maintain harmonious relations among different classes and areas of human persons. Third, in medical activity, preventive medicine, rather than aggressive procedures, should be taken as the main medicine. Finally, seriously research into Laozi’s thought for the sake of bioethical studies can significantly deepen our understanding of humans, nature and development. DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 73 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
30
蕭宸婕, 蕭宸婕, та 羅敏軒 羅敏軒. "奢侈品網路社群行銷與消費者購買意願之中介和調節變數研究". 行銷科學學報 20, № 2 (2024): 193–214. https://doi.org/10.53106/181666012024102002004.
Full textAbstract:
<p>為了提高品牌價值與強化客戶購買意願，眾多奢侈品業者經營重心朝數位行銷通路發展。本研究目的係基於社會認同理論驅動消費者購買心理，探討消費者選擇網路通路購買奢侈品意願之影響因素，並將社群行銷口碑和ESG企業社會責任納入調節變數。本研究經文獻回顧後以實驗設計-四種情境與問券調查，共收集了416份有效樣本進行統計檢驗。經階層調節迴歸分析來檢驗六個假設下知覺吸引力、知覺品質與購買意願之關係。</p> <p>本研究發現品牌價值對知覺品質及購買意願產生中介作用，ESG企業社會責任調節變數對知覺吸引力與購買意願之間呈正相關。然而也應注意網路社群行銷操作，負面口碑出現的調節影響。最後結論則對奢侈品產業從業人員在網路社群行銷策略提出建議，可將永續性思維結合AI應用於與消費者互動之體驗行銷，進而提高消費者購買意願。未來進一步研究方向加入焦點團體質性訪談研究，同時擴大樣本數增加受訪對象提升研究價值。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>To enhance brand value and strengthen customers’ purchase intention, numerous luxury goods companies are increasingly prioritizing digital marketing channels. This study aims to investigate consumer purchasing psychology based on social identity theory, identifying the factors that influence consumers’ willingness to utilize online channels to purchase luxury goods. Additionally, the research incorporates word-of-mouth marketing and ESG corporate social responsibility as moderating variables. Following relative literature review, our study employs an experimental design comprising four scenarios, coupled with a structured questionnaire survey, resulting in 416 valid responses for statistical analysis. Hierarchical moderated regression analysis is applied to examine the relationships between perceived attractiveness, perceived quality, and purchase intention across six proposed hypotheses.</p> <p>The findings reveal that brand value mediates the relationship between perceived quality and purchase intention. Furthermore, ESG corporate social responsibility as a moderating variable demonstrates positive interaction between perceived attractiveness and purchase intention. However, it is also important that online social marketing practices, particularly notice the moderating effects of negative word-of-mouth. We suggest that the luxury industry plan online community marketing strategies for integrating sustainability principles and leveraging AI-driven experiential marketing to enhance consumer engagement and purchase intention. At the same time, it also proposed further research directions in the future to include focus group qualitative research, while expanding samples to increase the number of interviewees to enhance the research value.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
31
羅詩雲, 羅詩雲. "戰爭遺緒與創傷敘事：論海外華文女作家黃美之散文書寫的主體形構". 臺灣文學研究集刊 32, № 32 (2024): 001–30. https://doi.org/10.53106/181856492024080032001.
Full textAbstract:
<p> 「戰爭」是理解近代東亞社會的重要線索，戰時社會的後方經驗涵蓋了社會動員和日常場域等大眾生活，生活場域亦關涉「意識戰」的實踐與效應，戰場前線和戰場之外的後方社會實無法分論。且戰爭促發了國境空間、身分認同或是人群地域流動等近代衍變，連帶出主體意識、身分感或思想活動的重新形構。而戰後臺灣社會文化的生成，亦須省視中日戰爭乃至國府統治臺灣的「戰時中國」情境樣貌，包括社會後方生活與記憶政治的文學詮釋。鑒此，本文鎖定具有中國、臺灣兩地生活經驗與政治受難者身分的海外華文女作家黃美之（1930-2014）為個案，就其戰後散文展開討論，探求「戰時中國」的戰爭遺緒及其致使的成長創傷，析論作家生命記憶與文學重述間的關係。即追索具有戰時經驗的作家身體／身分之移動、拆解及重構問題，及其如何與戰後臺灣的社會內戰語境互為作用，揭示自中國渡海來臺世代的離散書寫與主體形構。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>&ldquo;War&rdquo; is an essential clue for understanding modern East Asian society. The frontline of the battlefield and the rear society outside the battlefield are inseparable. The rear experience of wartime society covers social mobilization and daily life. The field of life is also related to the practice and effect of &ldquo;ideological warfare.&rdquo; The war intensified the modern evolution of border space, identity, or regional mobility among the East Asian masses and subject consciousness, reconfigured identity, and ideological activities. The formation of Taiwan&rsquo;s social culture after the war must also look at the Second Sino-Japanese War and even the legacy of &ldquo;wartime China&rdquo; in which the National Government ruled Taiwan, including the interpretation of the movement of people, wartime experience, and memory politics. Given this, this article is based on the essays of Overseas Chinese female writer Huang Meizhi(黃美之, 1930-2014), who had life experience in China and Taiwan and was a political victim, exploring the cultural shift of &ldquo;wartime China&rdquo; and the growth trauma it caused and analyzing the intertextuality between the writer’s life memory and literary representation restate. That is, to trace the movement, dismantling, and reconstruction of the body/identity of writers with wartime experience outside Taiwan and how they interact with the social, civil war context of post-war Taiwan after coming to Taiwan to reveal diasporic writing and the subject construction of wartime China generation. </p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
32
張榮華, 張榮華, 王珊彗 王珊彗 та 黃于烜 Shan-Huei Wang. "共享平台特性對消費者偏好之研究：以信任與風險為中介變項". 青年企業管理評論 14, № 2 (2021): 001–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/207308882021121402001.
Full textAbstract:
<p>在共享模式下研究消費者信任的影響因素及信任形成機制已有了一定的基礎，而對於商業平台模式的研究還只是借鑒以上的研究成果，尚缺乏實證的方式研究影響消費者對共享服務平台的信任關鍵因素及在情境下的信任形成機制。因此，本研究以出租民宿平台Airbnb為研究標的，並探討出租民宿平台Airbnb的平台品質、互動性回應、品牌知名度及視覺線索是否會影響顧客的知覺信任與安全風險，接著再透過知覺信任與安全風險之中介變數進一步探討顧客在出租民宿平台Airbnb的共享態度及購買意願。</p> <p>為達上述之目的，本研究主要採用問卷調查法，以網路問卷進行資料蒐集，其總共回收460份問卷，有效問卷為447份作為研究假設之驗證，並採用結構方程式模式(SEM)驗證本研究所提出的研究假設，研究結果顯示平台品質對於知覺信任有顯著正面影響，且會透過知覺信任來影響顧客在出租民宿平台Airbnb的共享態度及購買意願，而視覺線索對於安全風險有顯著正面影響，且會透過安全風險來影響顧客在出租民宿平台Airbnb的共享態度。最後根據研究結果提供給出租民宿平台Airbnb與後續研究者作為實務與決策之參考。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
33
林羿志, 林羿志, 陳韋翰 陳韋翰, 林怡欣 Wei-Han Chen, 劉宗翰 劉宗翰 та 相子元 相子元. "步態模式與速度改變對不同坡度下身體質量中心與下肢運動學之影響". 華人運動生物力學期刊 22, № 1 (2025): 012–27. https://doi.org/10.53106/207332672025032201002.
Full textAbstract:
<p>目的 : 分別在平地、下坡與上坡運動情境中，探討與比較不同步態與速度對身體質量中心 (body&rsquo;s center of mass, COM) 與下肢運動學參數之影響。方法 : 12位有規律運動的男性參與本實驗，第一階段為測定走跑之間的偏好轉換速度 (preferred transition speed, PTS)。第二階段分別在跑步機上模擬平地、10%下坡、10%上坡之情境下，進行不同步態模式 (走、跑) 與不同速度 (75%、100%、125% PTS) 之任務，並於過程中收集COM與慣用側下肢運動學參數。統計分析各種坡度 (平地、下坡、上坡) 下，走、跑與速度對步態參數、COM與下肢關節角度的變化。使用二因子重覆量數變異數分析不同步態模式 (走、跑) 與速度，若二因子交互作用達到顯著水準，進行相依樣本單純主要效果檢定，事後比較採用Tukey HSD法進行檢定，顯著水準&alpha;=.05。結果 : 走跑皆透過增加髖屈曲及踝蹠屈來增進移動速度，但跑步更多地使用膝伸直動作；走路使用髖屈曲與踝蹠屈來增加步長，COM垂直位移小於跑步 (<span style="font-style: italic;">p</span> < .05)。上坡走路時會大幅地增加著地時的髖屈曲與膝屈曲角度 (<span style="font-style: italic;">p</span> < .05)，但當步態轉換成跑步時，則會大幅減少著地時髖屈曲角度並增加離地時的膝伸直角度 (<span style="font-style: italic;">p</span> < .05)。結論 : 走路主要透過髖與踝關節的調節來改變速度，而跑步則更多地透過膝關節的控制。為了因應坡度變化帶來的動作需求，步態模式會有相應的調整，上坡時有較大的變異性 (PTS較低)，會提早從走路轉換成跑步。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Purposes: This study aims to investigate and compare the effects of different gait and speed on the body&rsquo;s center of mass (COM) and lower limb kinematic parameters in flat, downhill, and uphill exercise scenarios. Methods: Twelve regularly male participants who exercise regularly were involved in the experiment, which consisted of two phases: the first stage was to determine their preferred transition speed (PTS) between walking and running; the second stage&nbsp;involved performing tasks with different gait patterns (walking, running) and speeds (75%, 100%, 125% PTS) on a treadmill simulating flat, 10% downhill, and 10% uphill conditions., while collectingTheir COM and dominant lower limb kinematic parameters were collected during the two phases. Statistical analysis was conducted on the changes in gait parameters, COM, and lower limb joint angles under different slopes (flat, downhill, uphill), gait patterns (walking, running), and speed (75% PTS, 100% PTS, 125% PTS) conditions (75% PTS, 100% PTS, 125% PTS). A two-factor repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze different gait patterns (walking, running) and speeds. If a significant interaction effect was found, a dependent samples simple main effect test was conducted, with post-hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test (significance level: &alpha;=.05). Results: Both walking and running increased hip flexion and ankle plantar flexion to enhance movement speed, but running majorly used morerelied on knee extension; walking used more hip flexion and ankle plantar flexion to increase stride length, so the vertical displacement of the COM during walking was less than during running (<span style="font-style: italic;">p</span> < .05). When walking uphill, there was a significant increase in hip and knee flexion angles at foot contact (<span style="font-style: italic;">p</span> < .05), but when the gait changed to running, there was a significant decrease in hip flexion angle at foot contact and an increase in knee extension angle at take-off (<span style="font-style: italic;">p</span> < .05). Conclusion: Walking mainly adjusts speed through the regulation of the hip and ankle joints, while running relies more on the control of the knee joint. In response to the movement demands brought about by changes in slope angle, gait patterns are adjusted accordingly. Uphill conditions exhibit greater variability (lower PTS), and to enhance movement efficiency, the transition from walking to running occurs earlier.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
34
陳怡君, 陳怡君, та 周佳慧 Yi-Chun Chen. "運用選才、留任策略降低新進護理人員離職率". 醫療品質雜誌 17, № 4 (2023): 045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199457952023071704006.
Full textAbstract:
<p>目的：探討新進護理人員離職率高，期望有效降低離職率，提升照護品質。材料與方法：實施對象為新進三個月的護理人員，本專案執行期間自2018年1月1日至2019年4月30日，統計2017年新進護理人員離職率高達23.5% (35/149)，歸納主要離職肇因：一、工作壓力及適應；二、離家遠/偏僻，予介入策略：一、創意〝搶人大作戰〞選才招募博覽會；二、新人關懷座談會；三、多元壓力調適措施（禪繞畫、心情卡）；以及四、互動式愛的傳承卡。結果：經專案實施後，新進人員離職率由23.5% (35/149)降至至11.3% (7/62)，目標達成率高達104.3%。結論：統計2020年至2021年效果維持期仍有10.3% (9/87)~17.9%（12/67），冀望此文章之分享，可作為護理人力資源管理之參考。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Purpose: This study investigated the effectiveness of a project for reducing the high turnover rate of new nursing staff. Because of the rural location of our hospital, talent recruitment and retention are challenging. The high turnover rate of nursing staff exacerbates the human resource shortage problem, which in turn increases training cost and affects quality of care. Materials and Methods: This project targeted the new nursing staff of the hospital and was implemented between January 1, 2018, and April 30, 2019. According to statistics, the turnover rate of new nursing staff was 23.5% (35/149) in 2017, and the main reasons for nurses leaving were (1) personal factors (e.g., work stress and adaptation difficulties) and (2) working environment&ndash;related factors (e.g., working far from home or in remote areas). Thus, a nurse retention strategy involving the following measures was formulated: a talent campaign implemented through a creative talent recruitment fair, new recruit care symposiums, and diverse work-pressure reduction measures (including the use of zentangles, mood cards, and interactive inheritance cards that are focused on love). Results: The turnover rate of new recruits decreased from 23.5% (35/149) to 11.3% (7/62), and the target retention rate reached 104.3%. Conclusion: This project is an ongoing project, and during the effective maintenance period from 2020 to 2021, the rate still increased from 10.3% (9/87) to 17.9% (12/67). The findings of this study can serve as a reference for the management of nursing staff.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
35
董莊敬, 董莊敬. "透過展化學習的教育實踐提升學習成效的可能性－－以日本式經營管理課程為例｜Enhancing Learning Outcomes through Expansive Learning in Educational Practices–A Case Study of Japanese-Style Management". 台灣應用日語研究 34, № 34 (2024): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.53106/199875792024120034001.
Full textAbstract:
近年來、在台灣目前正積極地推動「108學年度新學習指導綱要」的教育改革。108課綱的目標主要是由「自主行動」「溝通互動」「社會參與」的三大「核心素養」所建構而成。此外，除大學生本身所習得之專業能力外，企業端所要求的能力為，問題解決能力、溝通能力、適應性、團隊合作能力、自主學習等。因此，為了培育次世代人才，在教育的現場，如何透過課程提升學習者的核心素養乃是身為教師的我們需重新思考的重要課題。承續上述之命題，本研究試著在日本式經營管理課程中，以展化學習的活動理論觀點，導入主動學習的模式，透過教育實踐的方式探討促進學習成效的可能性。根據本研究的結果，在教育的現場透過導入展化學習以及專題式學習（PBL）之主動學習的同儕合作學習於日本式經營管理課程中，可進一步地促進學習者的團隊合作能力、自我反思能力、邏輯思辯能力等，亦即是能夠提升「對話的、主體的、深度學習」之可能性。｜In recent years, Taiwan has actively promoted a new educational reform titled "108 New Curriculum Guidelines". The essence of this reform revolves around three core literacies: "autonomous action," "communication," and "social participation." Additionally, skills of university graduates demanded by companies are not limited to professional capabilities but include problem-solving, communication, adaptability, teamwork, and self-directed learning. Therefore, it is an important task for educators to reconsider how to enhance learners' core literacies through classroom teaching for the purpose of developing the next generation of talent. In response to the aforementioned demands, this research explores the potential of enhancing learning outcomes by introducing active learning from the perspective of activity theory in Japanese-style management classes. This is empirically examined through educational practices. The results of this study suggest that collaborative learning in active learning through expanded learning and problem-based learning (PBL) can further promote learners' teamwork skills, self-reflection, and logical thinking in Japanese-style management classes. This, in turn, leads to more dialogical, subjective, and profound learning.近年、台湾では「108学年度の新しい学習指導要領」という新たな教育改革が積極的に推進されている。その骨子は、「自主的行動」「コミュニケーション」「社会参加」の三つの「コア・リテラシー」から構成されている。また、大学生自らの専門能力以外に、企業側から求めらえる能力は、問題解決力、コミュニケーション力、適応性、チームワーク、自主学習などが挙げられている。そこで、次世代の人材育成のため、教育現場においてどのように授業を通して学習者のコア・リテラシーを向上させるかが、我々教師が再考すべき重要な課題である。上述したテーゼを受け、本研究では日本式経営管理の授業において拡張的学習に関する活動理論の視点からアクティブ・ラーニングの導入による学習効果の促進の可能性について、教育実践によって実証的に検討する。本研究の研究結果から、教育現場における拡張的学習および課題解決型学習（PBL）の協働学習を日本式経営管理の授業に導入することを通して、学習者のチームワーク力、自己内省、論理的思考力、すなわち「対話的、主体的、深い学び」がさらに促進可能であることが示唆される。
36
甘, 炳光. "EPS社工介入模式". Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 50, № 01n02 (2016): 93–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246216000085.
Full textAbstract:
本文主要介紹筆者始創的一個名為EPS的社工介入模式。這個介入模式主要是運用充權(Empowerment)、參與(Participation)和強項角度(Strengths Perspective)三個概念去推行社工的介入方法。本文首先介紹這個模式的三個基本信念，包括：(一) 社會工作的重要目標是去幫助服務對象達致充權；(二) 透過參與才能讓服務對象獲得充權；及(三) 極度相信服務對象有能力及有強項。本文分別闡述充權的概念和作用，分析為何要促進服務對象的參與，剖析達致有意義及高度參與的方法，以及檢視強項角度的信念和重要性。EPS模式認為，社工實踐中一定要將這三個概念 (E、P、S) 緊扣在一起，才能達到社工的理想目標。無論在哪個服務範疇，社工都應該以強項角度去看事物，鼓勵服務對象的參與，從而令他們得到充權。充權是要達到的目標，參與是一個方法，而強項是一個重要的基礎。目標，方法，基礎三樣缺一不可。這個模式指出社工介入的核心元素是採用強項角度去運用參與以達致充權作用。本文最後探討若忽略這三個重要概念或其中一個，社工的介入會出現甚麼問題，並剖析三個概念的互動如何促進社工介入的成效，以及介紹EPS模式在不同領域的應用。 This article introduces a social work intervention model which is called EPS Model and is newly developed by the author. The EPS Model is to apply the following three concepts in social work practice, including Empowerment (E), Participation (P) and Strengths Perspective (S).The article firstly presents the three basic beliefs of the model: (1) the main goal of social work practice is not just to provide services and help people solve problems, but to help people empower themselves; (2) the empowerment goal can be actualized through promoting service user participation and (3) we have to strongly believe that people have strengths and abilities. The article then introduces the concept of empowerment and its functions, discusses why service user participation should be promoted and the effective means of promoting meaningful and greater participation, and examines the faith and importance in strengths perspective. The main characteristics of the EPS Model is to affirm that these three concepts (E, P and S) are inter-related and need to be closely inter-linked. Empowerment should be regarded as the aim of social work practice. Participation is the effective means to achieve empowerment. Strengths perspective is thus regarded as the important basis for social work intervention. The aim, the means and the basis are equally important and neither one can be excluded. This model suggests that social work practice should be based on the strengths perspective and should make use of participation to achieve service users' empowerment. The article finally examines the problems arising from the neglect of any one of the three important concepts, the impact of the interplay of the three concepts on the effect of social work practice and the application of the EPS Model in different service settings.
37
蔡佳賢, 蔡佳賢, та 喬虹 喬虹. "警校男同志性別經驗之敘事研究". 中華輔導與諮商學報 69, № 69 (2024): 077–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/172851862024010069003.
Full textAbstract:
<p>本研究探討警校男同志在學期間所經驗到校園中性別相關的文化，以及這些經驗對他們產生的影響和相對應之因應與調適。研究以女性主義觀點的敘事研究方法，招募四位正在就學或畢業三年內之警校男同志進行半結構式訪談，採「類別-內容」分析法處理資料。研究結果包含四大部分：（1）警校文化可歸類成三部分:官僚體系、傳統封閉、訓練因素；（2）警校男同志除了受其所身處警校文化影響外，也經驗到警校中的性別文化:反女權、異性戀霸權、陽剛文化；（3）在這些多元因素與壓迫相互交織下，警校男同志在校多數時間經歷來自不同對象（老師、隊部師長、同儕）的恐同與歧視；（4）前述經驗使警校男同志感受到身為校內性少數的孤單感及內化恐同所帶來的不舒適感，同時也發展出不同的因應與調適（直接回應、間接調適、尋求支持）。結論:置身於一個父權、官僚體系、結構性的文化脈絡與體制下，警校男同志確實經驗到歧視與恐同，雖然有發展出一些因應策略以利在此環境中生存下來，但還是感受到很深的孤單感。根據研究結果，本文在教育與輔導實務上，建議警校教師、隊部師長及諮商輔導中心進行性平友善校園活動之推展、相關法規與制度之修訂，並期待校方領導階層能有效帶領警校體制與系統進行相關倡議活動；此外，也建議未來研究可更聚焦多元及性少數學生在警校之處境，以促進多元性別相關議題在這些單位受到重視。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>This study aimed to investigate gay men&rsquo;s gender experiences, their ways of coping, and what strategies they arm themselves with to fight sexual prejudices at the Taiwan Police Academy. This qualitative study used narrative inquiry, based on feminist perspectives, for data analysis. Four gay men who were currently attending the Taiwan Police Academy or had graduated within three years participated in semi-structured interviews. The analysis of their stories revealed the following: (1) The cultural environment of the Taiwan Police Academy is (a) a bureaucracy that is not conducive to promoting the visibility of gender equality issues, (b) traditional closures that cannot keep up with the evolution of the times, and (c) de-gendered collective life management and training. (2) Gender-related cultures are (a) threatened men&rsquo;s right and anti-feminism, (b) heterosexual hegemony of lecture arrangement, and (c) masculinity of femininity-rejection. (3) Participants reported experiencing homophobia and discrimination from faculty and peers, as well as the intersectionality of multiple oppression. Homophobia and discrimination can be divided into three categories based on the following three topics: (a) Non-heterosexual sexual orientation, (b) atypical gender expression, and (c) gender difference. The first topic of discrimination can be divided into three subcategories: implicit discrimination, personally experienced discrimination, and common ubiquitous discrimination in everyday life. Discrimination against atypical gender expression was targeted toward men who spoke more feminine. The third type of discrimination against gender differences occurs in gender stereotypes and the misogyny or objectification of women. (4) With respect to impact, there are two phenomena from the finding: (a) Feeling alone was the shared experience of the participants in the homophobic and oppressive environment. They all consistently mentioned that they had few gay friends in police academies. (b) The participants experienced different degrees of internalized homophobia; some said that an unfriendly environment made them less self-accepting because of their gay status, whereas others said they would never want to be gay again in life. Additionally, regarding coping strategies, the participants developed different strategies to deal with the discrimination, isolation, and microaggressions they encountered in schools. These strategies included three types: (1) direct responses (self-deprecating, counterattack, and education in an opportune time); (2) indirect self-regulation (pretending to be heterosexual, intentionally ignoring unfriendly comments, assuming that it can divert attention if viewed from a different respective, and choosing an identity with advantageous attributes); and (3) seeking support from friendly peers, professors, and faculty of student corps (especially Captain, Associate Captain, and Lieutenant); furthermore, some participants availed themselves for counseling and guidance resources. Surrounded by a patriarchal, bureaucratic, and heteronormative system with restrictive structures, gay men at the Taiwan Police Academy had indeed experienced real discrimination and homophobia. Although they had developed different coping strategies to survive in the environment, they still needed to protect their educational status and safety by hiding their sexual minority identity. Implications and recommendations for faculty and counselors to reduce oppression or discrimination against LGBTQIA and students studying at the Taiwan Police Academy were provided based on the findings of this study. In future studies, researchers can explore other sexual minorities in police academies, such as lesbians, bisexuals, and transgenders. Suggestions for Police Academy teaching and team management can be summarized as follows: (1) School leaders take the lead in promoting gender equity education; (2) Implementing gender-related regulations and laws in traditional closures; (3) Create a gender-equal and friendly life management and training space; (4) Create a learning environment free from gender bias and discrimination. Additionally, practical advice to the Counseling Center in the police academy includes how to reduce the stigma associated with counseling and how to explicitly take a gender-friendly stance. This is the first study to investigate the educational experience of sexual minority students, especially gender experiences, at the Taiwan Police Academy. More research on sexual orientation and gender identity experiences at the Taiwan Police Academy is needed to promote an understanding of gender equity in masculine-dominant educational systems.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
38
Ming-Chia Yeh, Ming-Chia Yeh, Amy Burton Ming-Chia Yeh, Yi-Jhen Wu Amy Burton та Ya-Chen Liu Yi-Jhen Wu. "森林浴對於中高齡族群心理健康之影響-敘述性綜". 運動表現期刊 9, № 2 (2022): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/240996512022090902004.
Full textAbstract:
<p>目的：現代人的生活的步調較以往快速許多，也因此，有多數的民眾，特別是居住在城市，由於生活環境高度都市化，而產生較高的心理壓力、較緊繃的情緒、甚至是憂慮傾向。同時，由於醫療普及進步，世界的人口結構，都趨向高齡化。以台灣為例，在2018 年，台灣已步入高齡化社會；因此，越來越多的研究者與醫療相關人員，開始尋找能提供一般大眾舒緩情緒以及恢復精神活力的介入方式；森林浴，泛指為在森林中，進行各式活動，並且融入、享受整個環境。近年來，森林浴對於身心的潛在益處，吸引了研究以及醫療人員的關注，森林浴被認為是一種能舒緩身心壓力的非藥物介入治療可能策略之一；因此，本篇文章，回顧整理了森林浴對於心理健康上的影響，並聚焦於中高齡族群，以期能提供越來越廣大的中高齡族群，進行森林浴活動的指導方針。方法：情緒狀態量表，又稱為盤斯心情量表 (Profile of Mood States, POMS)，是一個被廣泛用來測量情緒的量表，分為六個向度，分別是緊張、沮喪、憤怒、活力、疲勞以及困惑。結果：現有研究結果指出，為期單次至一周，每次森林浴的時間介入為10-150 分鐘，對於中高齡的健康民眾以及慢性病患者，在負面情緒，例如緊張、沮喪、憤怒、生氣、疲勞以及困惑方面，都有顯著的降低效果。至於在正面情緒的反應上，健康的中高齡族群，在森林浴後，會感到活力有明顯的提升；至於在罹患慢性病，例如高血壓或心血管疾病患者，森林浴對於活力這個正向指標，目前的結果仍然不一致，尚未有明確的趨勢及定論。結論：短期 (單次至一周) 森林浴介入，對於整體的心理情緒以及壓力方面，有舒緩的效果；未來研究方向，可透過進行較長期森林浴療法介入，觀察其對於中高齡族群，尤其是慢性病患者，在情緒、壓力、以及活力等方面的潛在效果。依據壓力削減理論以及注意力恢復理論，交感及副交感神經的相互調控，為目前森林浴對心理健康益處的可能機制之一。根據行政會農委會林務局報告，台灣的森林面積，占了全台的60.7%，其中包含18 座國家森林公園以及154 條森林自然步道。因此建議台灣國人，尤其是中高齡族群，可多進行森林浴活動，進而提升心理健康。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Purposes: The fast-paced lifestyle that a multitude of people experience nowadays has led to a striking increase in stress and depression, especially in areas where urbanization is rampant. Meanwhile, the aging population has been growing worldwide. Taiwan, a country in east Asia, for example, has been classified as an &ldquo;aged society&rdquo; since 2018. Due to this phenomenon, researchers and medical personnel have started seeking strategies for stress relief and energy restoration in the general population. The practice of forest bathing has increasingly drawn attention as a therapeutic approach and possible solution. Thus, the purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the mental health benefits in aging populations via forest bathing. Results: Based on current findings from a widely applied questionnaire, the Profile of Mood States (POMS), a forest bathing program that involves anywhere from a single session up to one week with durations of 10 to 150 minutes per session, shows a significant reduction in negative feelings, including tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion in middle-aged and older adults in both healthy individuals and patients. Regarding positive feeling aspect, while the data indicates that forest bathing can increase vigor in healthy individuals, overall responses in patients remain inconclusive. Conclusion: Recent studies show that a short-term forest bathing program seems promising in enhancing overall mental health in both healthy individuals and patients; however, future studies are warranted to investigate the positive long-term effects and feelings in individuals, especially those who suffer from chronic diseases. The forest area in Taiwan accounts for 60.7% of the entire island with 18 national forest recreation areas and 154 natural trails. Thus, individuals, especially aging populations, are encouraged to participate in forest bathing to enhance mental health.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
39
LEE, Shui Chuen. "新冠肺炎病毒疫情中的仁道: 從文化與倫理看病毒疫情之啟示". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 18, № 1 (2020): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.181687.
Full textAbstract:
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.由於新冠病毒的特性和難以防诸，新冠肺炎病毒很快成為全球性的流行病。而在此疫情中，受到感染和死亡的地區與人數急升，不但造成全球性的恐慌，同時產生許多心理、生活和文化上的嚴重問題。本文從倫理與文化，特別是儒家的精神，檢討我們與此病毒共存時，如何調整我們的生活與價值，建立生命共同體的觀念，以減輕或免除由此嚴峻疫情所受到的個人與社會的創傷和後遺症。本文分析了在地球村的緊密關係之下，我們必須保持有效的防疫工作才可以開封和進行經濟生產、物品流通，否則會在目前和日後不斷發生重覆的社區感染。人類必須圑結互助、共同承擔和接受各種不便，互讓互該、助人助己，才能夠平安渡過此一巨大災難。公共衛生的防疫工作是一涉及個人自由與公共安全的嚴重的道德兩難的課題。在防疫上，我們的個人行動實涉及他人的生命安全與權益，我們必須放棄以個人自由權利為優先的觀點，採取在生活共同體中的仁愛與對他人的苦難所具有的同情共感的自我要求，以共同義務與關懷為主，這實是一「為己為人」的雙重義務，在疫情流行中，更需要發揮「老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼」之仁愛精神；在工作上必謹守敬慎原則，超前部署防疫工作，防範醫療體崩潰，在疫情的政策要公開、透明、問責、方可望全民共同努力，共渡難關，實現「養生送死無憾」的人生願望。在疫情中，家人的互相照護不但是生活上也是情感上的最重要的支持和解慰，社會和政府也必須提供必要的生活用品和醫療資源的支助，以及截斷政治干涉，讓專家們進行公開的宣導工作、病情教育、回應疑難等，使社會、家庭和個人都得到 支援和共識。病毒的傷害無國界，是我們的共同敵人，防疫的工作也無國界，人類必須有跨國家和跨民族的一體同仁的意識，實現互愛互助，不但救助社群中的脆弱者，也要救助落後的國家地區的人們。我們要領取這次教訓，建立真確的疫情訊息分享的平台，建立全球的病毒研究的規範、合符嚴格要求的病毒研究室，拒絕利用病毒研究為生化與戰爭的工具。在疫情中可以推進世界和平，最後可以從病毒了解生命，在疫情中發揚倫理與文化的價值。The special properties of the new Covid-19 virus make it difficult to control, and it very quickly became a pandemic. The numbers of infected and deaths have increased so fast that it has incited a global panic and caused serious worldwide psychological, day-to-day, and cultural problems. This paper adopts a Confucian perspective to analyze the problems of living with the virus and to explore how to adapt our values and way of living to mitigate or eliminate personal and social traumatic experiences during this serious time. In this paper, I point out that as we live in a close-knit global village, we need an effective policy to keep the pandemic at bay before we can remove inter-city and international barriers to the production of materials and the flow of economic products. Otherwise, we may—and in fact have had—continuous repeated infections. People must develop global solidarity based on interpersonal and intersocial love to share our responsibilities and burdens, and to help ourselves as well as others in this terrifying pandemic.Public health pandemic prevention is a job involving a moral dilemma between personal rights and public safety. Because our preventative actions involve the lives of others, we must abandon prioritizing our personal rights and adopt the principles of benevolence and empathy toward others, taking our common responsibility and care toward others as our main basis of action. This principle also applies to us: benevolence needs to be extended from our family members to everyone else. We have to put precautionary principles into action in our prevention, publicity, transparency, and accountability efforts to overcome the pandemic.Family members are essential, as they provide both physical and emotional support during the pandemic. Society and governments have to provide the means to live as well as medical support, and political interference must be curbed so that medical professionals can take the lead on public interactions, education, and interviews to enable individuals, families, and society to build a consensus on the issues and policies of prevention. Our common enemy is the virus, which assaults human health indiscriminately. We need to help our people as well as those in other countries, especially society’s most vulnerable. We must learn from this calamity and build a platform to share information, establish norms regulating virus studies, enact rigorous regulations for safety in virus research laboratories, and reject using research results for chemical warfare. We hope this pandemic can bring about world peace as we learn to better our lives and further our ethical and cultural values.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 29 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
40
李家萱, 李家萱. "文化對個人道德意識與社會責任認知及企業倫理價值之影響：以加拿大與台灣為例". 多國籍企業管理評論 15, № 1 (2021): 061–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/181345482021031501004.
Full textAbstract:
<p>現今社會資訊流通，個人與企業都易受到公眾檢視。各企業對於社會責任、道德哲學與個人倫理都日益重視。於2018年底，公司法三讀通過，企業社會責任正式入法。企業將社會責任納入為重要決策目標之一。而道德哲學早已被學者們認為與決策有關。本研究目的為探討個人倫理與社會責任認知及企業倫理價值之關聯性，以及文化對三者之間的影響。因此，本研究重點有兩個因素，第一，受訪者應該對倫理價值觀有所理解，從而能夠形成對這種理論的看法。其次，本研究對象為已有工作經驗的 MBA 學生，因本研究對象必須於工作與學業都經歷較多抉擇等情況。</p> <p>隨著各國企業互動活絡，國家對企業倫理價值之影響，乃是十分值得研究之議題。本研究對象為西方人(加拿大)和亞洲人(臺灣)MBA學生，以結構式問卷收集資料。總共發出470份問卷，回收有效問卷共418份，使用SPSS 17.0和AMOS 17.0對數據進行分析。研究結果部分假設與本研究的假設結果一致。最後，根據本研究結果討論理論和實踐的意義。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Recent years social media has reshape many individuals and entreprises&rsquo; images. Corporations have dedicate resources to promote corporate image through display of their believes and their moral views. Moral system has recognized to be relevant to decision making. This research explores the relations between individuals moral philosophy, PRESOR, corporate ethical values, and the influence of cultural among the three construct. Therefore, the survey focus on two factors, first, respondent should have an understanding of ethic values, thus able to form an opinion of that understanding. Second, present study expects to test MBA students with some kind of job experience that faces situations involve ethical issues.</p> <p>The globalization makes it worthy to study nationality&rsquo;s relationship with individual moral philosophy and their perception of ethic and social responsibility. Contrasting Westerner and Asian, survey will be taken from Taiwan and Canada. Taiwan is chosen because it contains traditional Chinese characteristic that can represent part China and Hong Kong. The questionnaire is mailed (or postal service, email, and handout survey in person) to MBA student within Canada and Taiwan. The sample are accumulate around 470, and uses analytical software SPSS 17.0 and AMOS 17.0 to analysis the data. The research results show that most of the hypothesis are consistent with the hypothesis result of this research. Finally, discuss the implications of theory and practice based on the results of this research.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
41
李昱德, 李昱德, та 謝麗紅 Yu-Te Lee. "青少年團體諮商前準備工作之效果研究". 中華輔導與諮商學報, № 73 (травень 2025): 001–36. https://doi.org/10.53106/172851862025050073001.
Full textAbstract:
<p>團體準備工作是團體諮商中重要的一環，國外研究已指出事前針對成員的介入能有效降低成員焦慮、減少團體流失率與增加團體凝聚力等。本研究旨在探索青少年成員受團體準備單元的影響，並以量化資料為主、質性資料為輔進行討論與分析，並搭配領導者反思初步討論團體準備單元對團體效果的影響。本研究以彰化縣某國中之一、二年級學生為研究對象，使用準實驗設計，蒐集實驗組、控制組成員於接受團體準備單元前後的準備程度，瞭解實驗介入的效果，並結合質性的分析，探索成員在當中的感受與想法。研究結果發現：（1）經準備單元，實驗組成員之團體準備程度有顯著提升，顯示本研究設計之準備單元能確實提升成員團體準備程度，也證實團體準備工作的重要性。（2）成員經準備單元後，認為自身受到「認知與規範」、「感受與態度」與「互動行為」三大面向影響，能分別對應到文獻探討中團體前準備的取向，且有認知、經驗與行為方面的正向幫助。研究者根據上述結果提出結論，並提供實務與研究建議。前者包含採用團體準備工作的可行模式、關注團體準備程度對團體之影響；後者包含測量團體歷程與效果、避免角色重疊的影響、擴展團體類型以及成員年紀，以上建議供相關工作者參考。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Group counseling has long been recognized as an effective intervention for addressing various psychological and interpersonal issues among adolescents. However, pre-group preparation remains underexplored, particularly in Taiwan. Existing research suggests that pre-group interventions can reduce anxiety and attrition rates and enhance group cohesion by helping participants develop a clear understanding of group processes, rules, and expectations. Previous studies demonstrated that participants tend to engage more effectively when group leaders proactively address members’ uncertainties and fears. Despite these findings, limited research has been conducted in Taiwan to investigate the direct effect of pre-group preparation on group effectiveness. This study sought to fill this gap by examining the role of pre-group preparation in an interpersonal problem group setting and by assessing how preparation affects members’ readiness, attitudes, and overall group experiences.</p> <p>This study employed a quasi-experimental, non-randomized control group, pre-test&ndash;post-test design to evaluate the effects of pre-group preparation. The participants were junior high school students from two classes in Changhua, Taiwan, who were selected through convenience sampling. The students were divided into two groups: an experimental group, which underwent a structured pre-group preparation session, and a control group, which attended an unrelated anti-drug session. Both groups followed the same group counseling program led by the same facilitator to ensure consistency in the intervention structure. The only difference was in the pre-group preparation sessions received by the experimental group.</p> <p>Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected to measure the impact of pre-group preparation. In the quantitative phase, the Group Preparation Scale was administered before and after the pre-group preparation session to evaluate the participants’ readiness levels. The pre-test assessed the initial preparedness of all participants, whereas the post-test measured any improvements following the preparation session. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the experimental group participants after the preparation session. Similar interviews were conducted with the control group participants to maintain research integrity and minimize bias. However, the control group interviews focused primarily on the participants’ emotions and experiences as first-time group participants, rather than on pre-group preparation. This dual-method approach allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of the measurable and experiential effects of pre-group preparation.</p> <p>The findings of this study indicated that pre-group preparation had a significant positive impact on participants’ readiness and group engagement. The quantitative analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement in the preparation levels of the experimental group members after the pre-group preparation session. This confirmed that structured pre-group preparation effectively enhanced participants’ readiness and motivation, validating its importance in group counseling.</p> <p>The qualitative findings further revealed that pre-group preparation influenced members across three key domains: (1) cognition and rules, (2) feelings and attitudes, and (3) interaction behaviors. These domains align with the theoretical orientations in pre-group preparation literature, suggesting that well-prepared group members exhibit higher engagement, better emotional regulation, and improved interpersonal interactions. Furthermore, the group leader observed distinct differences between prepared and unprepared members in terms of participation level, self-disclosure, and adherence to group norms. The members who received pre-group preparation demonstrated more confidence, a greater willingness to engage in group discussions, and stronger interpersonal connections than those who did not receive such preparation. These findings reinforce the critical role of pre-group preparation in enhancing individual and collective group effectiveness.</p> <p>Future studies should explore how different levels of pre-group preparation affect trust building, communication patterns, and conflict resolution within a group setting. Additionally, future research should examine the long-term effects of pre-group preparation on member retention and overall counseling success. Researchers can also investigate diverse counseling themes, group structures, and participant demographics. Exploring the impact of the preparation sessions on older adolescents, adults, and clinical populations will provide valuable insights into the broader applicability of these findings.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
42
Otera, Masako, Yuichi Wada, Barbara L. Wheeler, and Masayoshi Ichie. "Expected Effects of Listening to Music Among Japanese and American College Students." Music and Medicine 7, no. 1 (2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v7i1.294.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the effects that people expect when listening to their preferred, familiar, and nostalgic music. One hundred and ninety-two college students (114 Japanese, 78 American) took part in the study. Two questionnaires, Expected Effects of Music Listening Inventory (EEMLI) and General Affective Scale (GAS; Ogawa et al., 2000), with 24 questions each, were administered. Participants were asked to indicate three pieces of music, one that was preferred, one that was familiar, and one that was nostalgic, and to rate their cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses when listening to each piece on a fourpoint scale. The results showed overall greater responses to preferred music than for other types of music, and participants’ cultural background interacted with music types, which seemed to influence the results. Compared with the Japanese students, American students tended to highly value preferred music for mood management, identity expression, and reminiscence, while the responses of the Japanese students were dependent upon the type of music. Clinical applications of the results are discussed. Spanish Efectos Esperables de la Escucha Musical Entre Alumnos de Nivel Terciario Japoneses y AmericanosEste estudio investigó los efectos que las personas esperan cuando escuchan su música favorita, familiar y nostálgica. Ciento noventa y dos estudiantes de nivel terciario (114 japoneses, 78 americanos) participaron de este estudio. Se administraron dos cuestionarios, Inventario de Efectos Esperables de la Escucha Musical (EEMLI) y la Escala Afectiva General (GAS; Ogawa y cols., 2000), con 24 preguntas cada uno. Se les pidió a los participantes que indicaran tres piezas musicales, una que fuese favorita, una que les fuese familiar, y otra que les resultara nostálgica, y que puntuaran sus respuestas cognitivas, emocionales y conductuales durante la escucha de cada pieza en una escala de cuatro puntos. Los resultados mostraron en general mayores respuestas al tipo música preferida que para los otros tipos de música, y que el background cultural de los participantes interactuó con los tipos de música, lo cual parece influenciar los resultados. Comparados con los estudiantes Japoneses, los estudiantes Americanos tendieron a dar puntajes elevados a la música favorita para manejo del estado de ánimo, expresión de identidad y reminiscencia, mientras que las respuestas de los alumnos Japoneses dependieron del tipo de música. Se discuten aplicaciones clínicas de los resultados. Chinese本研究在調查當人們聆聽他們偏好的音樂與懷念的音樂時所期望帶來的效果。共有一百九十二位大專學生參與本研究案(包含114位日本人78位美國人)。研究使用兩種問卷工具─音樂聆聽預期效果量表(EEMLI)及整體情感量表(GAS; Ogawa et al., 2000) ，各包含24道問題。 受試者要指出三首曲子，一首自己偏好的歌，一首熟悉的歌，以及一首懷舊的歌，並根據聆聽歌曲時的認知、情緒及行為反應在四點量表上評分。結果顯示，聆聽個人偏好的音樂時整體反應較佳，而受試者的文化背景與音樂類型似乎交互作用而影響評分結果。與日本學生相較，美國學生傾向於高度評價自己偏好的音樂對情緒管理、表達個性及懷念鄉愁所帶來的影響力，而日本學生的回應則是依據音樂的類型作出評價。文中亦討論研究結果在臨床應用上的意義。 German:Erwartete Effekte beim Musikhören bei japanischen und amerikanischen College-StudentenDiese Studie untersuchte die Effekte, die Menschen beim Hören ihrer bevorzugten, bekannten und nostalgischen Musik erwarten. 192 College-Studenten (114 Japaner, 78 Amerikaner) nahmen an der Studie teil. Dazu wurden zwei Fragebögen: Expected Effects of Music Listening Inventory (EEMLI) und die General Affective Scale (GAS; Ogawa et al., 2000) mit je 24 Fragen ausgegeben. Die Teilnehmer wurden gebeten, drei Musikstücke zu benennen: ein bevorzugtes, ein bekanntes und ein nostalgisches – und auf einer 4-Punkt-Skala ihre kognitiven, emotionalen und verhaltensgesteuerten Antworten auf jedes dieser Stücke anzugeben. Die Ergebnisse zeigten übereinstimmend größere Werte bei bevorzugter Musik gegenüber den anderen Arten von Musik. Der kulturelle Hintergrund der Teilnehmer beeinflusst die Art der Musik, was die Ergebnisse zu beeinflussen scheint.Verglichen mit den japanischen Studenten tendieren die amerikanischen Studenten dazu, ihre bevorzugte Musik im Zusammenhang mit der Beeinflussung ihrer Stimmungslage, dem Ausdruck ihrer Identität und Lebenserinnerungen extrem hoch zu bewerten, während die Antworten der japanischen Studenten von der Art der Musik abhängig sind. Die klinische Anwendung dieser Ergebnisse wird diskutiert.Japanese:日本人とアメリカ人大学生の間で予想される音楽観賞の影響抄録この研究では、人々が、好みの音楽、聞き慣れた音楽、ノスタルジックな音楽を聴く時に、彼等が予想する自己への影響について調査した。192人の大学生（日本人114人、アメリカ人78人）が研究に参加した。それぞれ24の質問を含む２つの質問表、「音楽鑑賞の期待される影響項目表（EEMLI）」と「一般感情尺度（GAS;Ogawa et al., 2000）」を用いて施行された。参加者は、好みの曲、聞き慣れた曲、そしてノスタルジックな曲の３つを示すこと、そして各々の曲を聴いた時の認知、感情、行動の反応を4段階スケール上で評価することを依頼された。結果は、 好みの音楽が他のタイプの音楽よりも全体的に大きな反応を示し、参加者の文化的背景は音楽のタイプに作用し、それは結果に影響しているようであった。日本の学生の反応が音楽のタイプによって左右されることに比較して、アメリカ人学生は好みの音楽を、気分の操作、自己表現、回想のために高く評価する傾向があった。結果の臨床応用は考察されている。Korean:일본 및 미국 대학생들이 음악 감상에 대해 갖는 기대효과초록본 연구는 참여자들이 선호하는, 친근한 또는 향수를 불러 일으키는 음악감상에 대해 어떤 효과들을 기대하는지에 대해 조사하였다. 총 192명의 대학생들이 (일본인 학생 114명, 미국인 학생 78명) 본 연구에 참여하였다. 각각 24문항으로 이루어진 음악감상 기대효과 조사지 (EEMLI)와 일반적 정서척도지 (GAS)를 이용하여 설문을 시행하였다. 참여자들은 선호하는, 친근한, 또는 향수를 불러 일으키는 음악, 이렇게 세 곡을 선택하였고 각 곡과 관련하여 자신들의 인지적, 정서적 및 행동적 반응에 대해 4점 척도를 이용하여 평가하였다. 참여자들은 선호하는 음악 감상 시 전반적으로 보다 높은 반응들이 나올 것이라 예상하였다. 참여자의 문화적 경험은 음악의 유형과 상호작용 관계임을 나타냈고 이는 연구 결과에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 미국인 학생들은 선호하는 음악이 무드조절, 정체성의 표현과 회상에 더욱 큰 반응을 불러일으킨다고 보고한 반면 일본인 학생들의 반응들은 각 음악의 유형에 따라 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구 결과의 임상적 의미에 대한 논의를 포함한다.
43
吳書能, 吳書能, 施心筑 Shu-Neng Wu, 許郁笙 Hsin-Chiu Shih та ін. "應用VR Tour虛擬導覽建構藥學部互動參訪環境". 醫療品質雜誌 19, № 2 (2025): 072–78. https://doi.org/10.53106/199457952025031902010.
Full textAbstract:
<p>目的：導入Virtual Tour(VR Tour)虛擬導覽技術和教學互動線上資訊化，提高藥學部環境介紹的品質和效率，以減少受理參訪單位所需的人力、物資，並降低活動對其臨床工作負擔的衝擊。</p> <p>方法：使用RICOH THETA V拍攝照片，再利用Adobe Captivate軟體的縫合技術，打造360度景象，建置藥學部靜態虛擬導覽。</p> <p>結果：參訪單位的行進時間由69分鐘縮短至20分鐘，講師人力由10人減少至1人，紙張使用由每位參訪者12張降低為0張。</p> <p>結論：效率面（參訪行進時間、講師人力與紙張耗用等）具有改善成效，減少環境污染和能源消耗，落實永續發展目標。品質面（講師與參訪者滿意度）也有所提升。未來將與時俱進更新參訪內容，並確保其具前瞻性和吸引力，同時強化觀看品質和操作便利性，以優化參訪體驗，提升參訪者的滿意度。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Objective: The introduction of Virtual Tour (VR Tour) technology and interactive online educational content aims to improve the quality and efficiency of pharmacy department orientation. This initiative seeks to reduce the manpower and resources required for hosting visiting units while minimizing the impact of these activities on clinical workloads.</p> <p>Method: Adobe Captivate software and RICOH THETA V photo stitching technology were employed to generate a 360-degree virtual environment, establishing a static virtual tour of the pharmacy department.</p> <p>Result: The time required for visiting units to complete the tour was significantly reduced from 69 minutes to 20 minutes.The number of lecturers needed decreased from 10 to 1, and the paper usage per visitor was reduced from 12 sheets to zero.</p> <p>Conclusion: Efficiency improvements were observed in terms of reduced tour duration, lecturer manpower, and paper consumption, contributing to environmental sustainability by reducing pollution and energy consumption in alignment with sustainable development goals. Quality improvements were also noted, with increased satisfaction among lecturers and visitors. In the future, the tour content will be continuously updated to ensure innovation and engagement, while enhancements in viewing quality and ease of operation will further optimize visitor experiences and satisfaction.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
44
陳睿鴻, 陳睿鴻, та 藍碧玲 藍碧玲. "應用AHP探討工作績效關鍵成功因素之研究—以陸軍後勤部隊為例". 陸軍後勤季刊 113, № 2 (2024): 026–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/230674382024051132003.
Full textAbstract:
<p>對國軍後勤維修部隊而言，妥適配置運用服務與支援量能，致力提高後勤維修的工作績效係現階段工作之重心。部隊擁有高工作績效的專業人才，方能維持後勤修護能量及提高裝備妥善率，遂行平時及戰演訓所需之各項修護任務，提升國軍戰力。因此，探討提升組織工作績效之關鍵成功因素成為本研究主題。</p> <p> 本研究運用修正式德菲法及層級分析法（AHP），透過文獻探討及專家訪談，確認準則決定層級架構，並以問卷調查建立相關準則系統，經Expert Choice 11決策軟體計算各相關準則間優先順序分析、一致性分析及關鍵成功因素量化指標之權重。</p> <p> 考量人格特質、工作壓力與工作滿意等主準則之研究結果顯示，影響陸軍後勤部隊工作績效主要關鍵成功因素為認真負責、自律、人際互動、時間壓力及工作環境等因素，期能提供決策者或決策群體對後勤維修工作績效考績評核之參據，進一步運用於選訓留用優秀的維修技術人員。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
45
薛孟琪, 薛孟琪. "圖、底與透明性：試論陳其寬先生建築與繪畫中共通的空間探索". 建築學報 118, № 118 (2021): 027–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/101632122021120118002.
Full textAbstract:
<p>著名建築師、畫家陳其寬先生的建築設計與繪畫創作之間的關聯是一個重要卻尚未被充分探索的領域。為補此闕漏，本文以脈絡化的研究方法，將陳的繪畫創作以及四件早期建築設計作品放回20世紀前半葉視覺藝術與現代建築思潮共同發展的過程中探討，結合當時風行並影響他的《時間&bull;空間&bull;建築》、《視覺語言》和〈透明性〉等三部著作，探索當時國際上關注的「透明性」概念與「圖&mdash;底關係」如何啟發陳其寬先生的思維和表現方式。本文主張結合陳的繪畫與建築共同探討有助於得到更為整體的認識，並發現建築與繪畫是他用於探索同一種空間新觀念的兩種不同媒介。透過對陳之繪畫與建築作品的深入分析，本文指出：1. 陳透過「圖」與「底」之交互疊合，試驗其所造成看似裁切、實則使空間與畫面延伸之心理感知效果；2. 陳藉操作「現象的透明性」創造模糊多義的空間，從中既可見前述西方思潮帶來的影響，亦可見陳結合自身文化底蘊所開展出的創新路徑；3. 陳以具有地域特色的透空建築皮層、質紋拓墨／紙背塗色等特殊技法表現「字面的透明性」，一方面回應、修改了玻璃在西方建築、繪畫中表現透明性時扮演的角色，另一方面也同時挑戰、革新了中國傳統水墨與空間營造中既定的做法與價值觀。這些都是具有開創性的視覺與空間設計思維。陳其寬先生並非僅止於被動接受西方建築與繪畫的影響，而是以此為基礎，在持續的試驗中發展出嶄新的空間感受與視覺語言。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>The correlation between architectural designs and paintings created by the distinguished architect and painter Chen Chi-Kwan has not yet been well discovered. To make up for this gap, this article methodologically contextualizes Chen&rsquo;s paintings and early architectural designs together within the trends of Analytical Cubism and Architectural Modernism developed in the first half of the 20th century. Three crucial writings in understanding this correlation are identified as Space, Time and Architecture: The Growth of A New Tradition, Language of Vision, and Transparency: Literal and Phenomenon. By analogously comparing Chen&rsquo;s architectural designs and paintings, the author points out that, first of all, via overlapping figure and ground, Chen experimented on the visual perception of excision and extension. Second, Chen played with &ldquo;phenomenal transparency&rdquo; and created spatial ambiguity. Although under apparent Western influences, Chen tried his own brand new ways of expression. Third, the concept of &ldquo;literal transparency&rdquo; and multi-layered space could also be seen in Chen&rsquo;s works. However, certain special techniques he adopted not only redefined the materiality of glass, but also challenged the conventional ways of Chinese painting and building. Inspired by but not limited to Western Modernism, Chen Chi-Kwan developed his own spatial and visual languages with cultural characteristics. As two kinds of medium in exploring the same new spatial concept of transparency, architectural designs and paintings are complementary and equally satisfactory in result to Chen Chi-Kwan.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
46
史邦其, 史邦其, 白紀齡 白紀齡 та 池秉聰 池秉聰. "做自己或成為一分子？社會網絡對消費者效用的影響：代理人基模型之模擬應用". 傳播研究與實踐 14, № 1 (2024): 131–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/222114112024011401004.
Full textAbstract:
<p>本文探討社會網絡對消費者效用的影響，以代理人基模擬消費者於不同網絡型態的互動，重構Jager（2000）的模型並使用二維的效用函數。決策時間代表涉入程度，刻畫所有消費情境。模擬不同型態的社會網絡、密度、認知類型、總人數對個別消費效用的影響。並將效用函數拆解成個人與社會部份以捕捉影響主因。結果表明，任何社會網絡中，網絡愈疏散，消費者所獲得的效用愈高，原因為社會部份的效用稀釋減少；社群影響力下降，非純粹個人效用提升。檢視市場參與人數與社會網絡密度對消費者效用的影響後發現，若消費者身處適切的社會網絡，消費者效用提升。意即，較多的消費者於較疏散的網絡或較少的消費者於較密集的網絡，這二種社群環境對新進廠商相對有利，既存廠商優勢不明顯。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>This study aims to examine the effect of social networks on consumer utility. An agent-based model was employed to simulate the interaction among consumers in different social network types. Jager’s (2000) agent-based model was reconstructed, and a two-dimensional utility function was introduced, considering decision-making time (product involvement) and incorporating all types of consumption scenarios. The goal was to simulate the impact of different types of social networks, social network densities, consumer cognitive types, and the total number of consumers on individual consumer utility. The utility function was decomposed into individual and social components to identify the primary factors influencing consumer utility. Research results indicate that in any social network, as the network becomes more dispersed, consumer utility increases. The reason for this is that the decline in social influence causes the social aspect of utility to be diluted and reduced, rather than a pure increase in individual utility. After examining the impact of the number of market participants and the density of social networks on consumer utility, it was found that if consumers are in an appropriate social network, consumer utility increases. This refers to situations where there are more consumers in a dispersed network or fewer consumers in a dense network. In these two types of social network environments, it is relatively advantageous for new entrants, but this advantage is not as evident for existing vendors.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
47
程, 國斌. "重審中醫瘟疫理論在當代疫情危機中的認知價值和倫理效應". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 21, № 1 (2023): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.212655.
Full textAbstract:
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
 在對中國古代瘟疫理論和公共衛生的研究中，往往認為傳統中醫學的傳染觀念和瘟疫理論不夠＂科學”和＂精准”，在公共衛生和社會防疫等中觀維度上無法發揮積極作用。但中醫學瘟疫理論，將疫情描述為彌漫性環境風險與人類活動相互作用的動態圖景，不僅具有在特定社會歷史環境和時人認知觀念背景下的時代合理性，相較於現代傳染病學＂傳染鏈”的線性分析模型，對當今疫情也能夠給出一個更具整體性的風險認知模型，具有不可替代的價值。更重要的是，古典瘟疫理論有助於打破傳染鏈交織迭加成群體流行的線性思維所帶來的道德難題，為促成全人類肩並肩面對風險、共同承擔責任與持續性協同抗疫的價值目標，提供一個基於中國文化傳統的論證依據。
 In the study of concepts developed in the context of public health management in ancient China, the notion of infectiousness and plague theories in TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) are often perceived to have little significance to epidemic prevention and public health today because they are viewed as “unscientific.” This paper, however, argues that the doctrine of yinqi (the epidemic qi) and the concept of infectiousness in TCM present a dynamic interaction between diffuse environmental risks and human activities in a specific spatio-temporal context. The concept of epidemic qi offers a unique cognitive model with which to approach the epidemic risk in a given socio-historical environment that differs from a linear analysis of the “chain of infection” in modern medicine. The paper concludes that the plague theories reflected in TCM are relevant to the contemporary understanding of risk control during a public health crisis.
48
黃淑妙, 黃淑妙. "「日語學習網站與資料彙整」之建構與應用". 台灣應用日語研究 29, № 29 (2022): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199875792022060029006.
Full textAbstract:
<p>由於新型冠狀病毒(COVID-19)的影響，從 2020 年開始出現因隔離、檢疫或預 防等衍生停課情形，為使弦歌不輟，利用網際網路的遠距線上教學，已被教育主管 機關承認並大量運用，俾便無法出席的師生能教學互動。爰此，為讓學生能在遠端 上課能有效率取得自學資源，經嘗試將學生平常使用的網站、我們已開發的系統與 日本大學使用的網站，綜整成「日語學習網站與資料彙整」（簡稱 JeLD），以線 上數位學習方式作為輔助，也可用於研究學習效果的參考。 「日語學習網站與資料彙整」目前收錄已達 70 餘個網站，概分為 12 種。本稿 除介紹其在本校的試用結果之外，也將利用其中的 AI 人工智慧，分析收錄在語料 庫及文庫的「台灣日語學習者語料庫」（CTLJ）、學習網站的「以 CTLJ 為本之日 語線上數位學習教材」的同題作文，比較本地學習者與日語母語者所寫的作文特徵 差異，作為日後強化教學參考。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Due to the impact of Covid-19, distance education has been approved by the Ministry of Education and implemented all over the country as an alternative during the pandemic. In order to provide for this new situation in which students&rsquo; self-study is deemed to increase exponentially, we have tried to create a databank, Japanese e-Learning Website and Data Collection (JeLD). The collection consists of over 70 databases, repositories and academic and educational sources selected from students&rsquo; most visited websites. JeLD aims to increase the efficiency of online data collection from educational media sources, Japanese language systems and academic websites used by universities in Japan. This paper aims to show the results of the application of JeLD in NCKU and of the AI analysis of essays collected from corpus and e-Learning website in JeLD, e.g. the corpus of Taiwanese learner of Japanese (CTLJ) and Japanese e-Learning based on CTLJ. Furthermore, the latter helps improve teaching methods by comparing different characteristics of writing between native Japanese and non-natives.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
49
Ballan, Harry, and Anna Abraham. "Multimodal Imagery in Music: Active Ingredients and Mechanisms Underlying Musical Engagement." Music and Medicine 8, no. 4 (2016): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v8i4.478.
Full textAbstract:
Clinicians and researchers have provided strong evidence for the efficacy of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) and similar therapies across a wide range of clinical conditions. What is still lacking is a theoretical framework that would allow for the identification of the ‘active ingredients’ in this process. This paper seeks to introduce a new systemic framework for investigating such therapies by examining the biological roots as well as the role of music in the regulation of individual and social life to maintain homeostasis via multimodality by means of arousal, imagery, attentional engagement, emotion, memory and analogous processes. Taking the work of Edelman, Damasio and other leaders of modern neuroscience as a point of departure, homeostasis and multimodality are presented as essential not only to the human life process in terms of our active mental life but also to the fullness of Edelman's "primary consciousness" and Damasio's "core self." The implications of these intricate cross-connections are considered as well as the unique propensity for music to spontaneously and multimodally engage these connections. Proposals are also made to evaluate these ideas and stimulate further research in both basic science and clinical practice. Keywords: multimodality, self, reentrant, signaling, homeostasis, consciousness, music therapySpanishImagineria Multimodal en musica: Ingredientes activos y los mecanismos que subyacen la participación musicalHarry Ballan , Anna AbrahamResumen: Clínicos e investigadores han provisto de sólida evidencia sobre la eficacia de la Imaginería Guiada y Música (GIM) y de terapias similares en un amplio rango de condiciones clínicas. Lo que aún falta es un marco teórico que permitiría identificar los “ingredientes activos” en este proceso. Este trabajo busca introducir un nuevo marco sistemático para la investigación de dichas terapias examinando los marcadores biológicos así como el rol de la música en la regulación del individuo y su vida social para mantener la homeostasis de manera multimodal por medio del alerta, la imaginería, el compromiso atencional, la emoción, la memoria y otros procesos análogos. Tomando el trabajo de Edelman, Damasio y otros líderes de la neurociencia moderna como punto de partida, la homeostasis y la multimodalidad son presentadas como esenciales no solo en los procesos de la vida humana en términos de nuestra vida activa mental sino también en la plenitud de la “conciencia primaria” de Edelman y del “core self” de Damasio. Las implicancias de estas intrincadas conexiones entrecruzadas son consideradas también como la propensión espontánea y multimodal de la música para enlazar estas conexiones. Se propone evaluar estas ideas y estimular nuevas investigaciones basadas tanto en la ciencia como en la práctica clínicaPalabras clave: msica, multimodal, imaginería, homeostasis, conciencia, musicoterapia GermanMultimodale Imagery in Music: Aktive Bestandteile und Mechanismen , die musikalischem Handeln zugrunde liegenHarry Ballan, Anna AbrahamKliniker und Forscher haben überzeugende Evidenz für die Wirkung von Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) und ähnlicher Therapien über ein weites Spektrum klinischer Zustände geliefert. Was noch fehlt, ist ein theoretischer Rahmen, der erlauben würde, die aktiven Bestandteile in diesem Prozess zu identifizieren. Dieser Beitrag versucht, einen neuen systemischen Rahmen für solche Therapien vorzustellen, indem die biologischen Wurzeln und die Rolle der Musik zur Regulation individuellen und sozialen Lebens untersucht werden, die über Multimodalitäten von Arousal, Imagery, attentionales Engagement, Emotionen, Erinnerung und analogen Prozessen Homöostase zu erhalten suchen. Wenn man die Arbeiten von Edelmann, Damasio und anderen führenden Personen der modernen Neurowissenschaften als Ausgangpunkt nimmt, werden Homöostase und Multimodalität als wesentlich nicht nur für den menschlichen Prozess unseres aktiven mentalen Lebens als auch als Fülle von Edelmans „primary consciousnes“ und Damasios „core self“ präsentiert. Die Verflechtungen dieser schwierigen Kreuz-Verbindungen werden sowohl als einzigartige Neigung für Musik bis zur spontanen und multimodalen Beteiligung dieser Verbindung angesehen. Es wurden bereits Vorschläge gemacht, diese Ideen zu evaluieren und weitere Forschung für Grundlagenwissenschaft und klinischer Praxis anzuregenKeywords: Musik, Multimodalität, Imagery, Homöostase, Bewusstsein, Musiktherapie. ItalianHarry Ballan, Anna Abraham Medici e ricercatori hanno forito una forte evidenza dell’efficacia della Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) e di terapie simili, applicate ad una vasta gamma di condizioni cliniche. Ciò che ancora manca è un quadro teorico che permetterebbe l’identificazione dei “principi attivi” in questo processo. Il presente documento si propone di introdurre un nuovo quadro sistematico per indagare tali terapia esaminando le radici biologiche, nonché il ruolo della musica nella regolazione della vita individuale e sociale mantenendo l’omeostasi per mezzo dell’eccitazione, l’immaginario, l’impegno dell’attenzione, emozione, memoria e altri processi analoghi. Prendendo il lavoro di Edelman, Damasio ed altri leader delle neuroscienze moderne come punto di partenza, l’omeostasi e la multimodalità sono essenzialmente presenti non solo per il processo della vita umana I termini di nostra vita mentale attiva, ma anche per la pienezza della “coscenza primadria di Edelman e il cuore di se stesso di Damasio. Le implicazioni di questi intricati collegamenti trasversali sono considerati come anche l’unica propensita per la musica di impegnare spontaneamente e multimodalmente quest connessioni. Le proposte per valutare queste idee e stimolare ultiriori ricerche sia nella scienza di base che nella pratica clinica sono fatte. Parole Chiave: musica, multimodalità, immaginario, omeostasi, musicoterapiaChinese音樂中的多元形式聯想：投入音樂帶來的活化元素與機制對於音樂引導意象(GIM)的廣泛應用及臨床上類似的治療法之效用，臨床工作者與研究者已提出許多有力的證據。然而，能用來定義在過程中的「活化元素」之理論架構則尚未完備。本文試以一種新的架構來研究這些治療，透過生理基礎以及音樂的多元形式與方法，如喚起、想像、集中注意力、將情緒和記憶類比的過程，調節社交生活並維持自我平衡。文中以Edelman、Damasio和其他現代神經科學領導者的觀點出發，以自我平衡及多元形式為基礎，不只是人類生活中的心智活動過程，也將Edelman所提的「首要意識」以及Damasio所謂的「核心自我」作為根基，將這些複雜而交錯連結的意義加以考慮，以音樂獨有的特性將這些多元的模式自發性的連結。作者建議未來要進一步評估這些想法，並激勵更多這方面的基礎科學研究與臨床實踐。Japanese音楽におけるマルチモーダル・イメージ： 音楽的エンゲージメントの基礎的な有効成分と仕組み Harry Ballan, Anna Abraham臨床家と研究者はGIM並びに広範囲での臨床条件における類似した療法の効能について強いエビデンスを提供してきた。理論構成上未だに不足しているのはこのプロセスにおける“有効成分”の証明を考慮に入れることである。本研究は、生物学ルーツの検証によってこれらの療法の調査のための新しいシステムの枠組み、 同時に、覚醒、心像、 注意の調和、感情、記憶、そして相違したプロセスを経たマルチモーダルを通じて恒常性を保持するための個人と社会生活の調整においての音楽の役割の紹介に努める。出発点として、Damasios Edelman氏の研究、そして他の現代の神経学の先駆者について、また、 恒常性とマルチモーダルの活動的な精神的生活の見地からの人類の生活のプロセス、そしてEdelman氏の“主意識”とDamasio氏の “中核的自己” の充満度について言及する。これらの複雑な相互関係の包含について、また、自発性とマルチモーダルをこれらの関係と噛み合わせるための音楽独特の性質が考察される。基礎的科学と臨床においてこれらの見解を評価し将来の研究を促すための提案がなされた。キーワード：音楽、マルチモーダル、イメージ、恒常性、意識、音楽療法 Korean음악의 다중 심상: 음악적 개입의 기초를 이루는 유효 요소와 장치들 Harry Ballan, Anna Abraham 임상의들과 연구자들은 다양한 임상 상황에서 심상 유도 음악(GIM)과 유사한 치료법들의 효능에 대한 강력한 증거들을 제시해왔다. 그러나 이 과정에서 효과적인 요소들을 식별할 수 있는 이론적 토대는 여전히 부족하다. 본 연구는 비유 과정(analogous processes), 기억, 정서, 주의 개입(attentional engagement), 각성(arousal), 심상(imagery) 같은 다중 접근법(multimodality)을 통해 항상성(homeostasis)을 유지하기 위해서 개인 생활 및 사회생활의 규제에서 음악이 하는 역할 뿐만 아니라 생물학적 근거를 조사함으로써 해당 치료법들에 대한 새로운 체계적 토대를 도입하려고 한다. Edelman, Damasio, 그리고 현대 신경 과학의 지도자들의 연구를 출발점으로, 항상성과 다중접근법(multimodality)을 우리의 활발한 정신생활과 관련된 인간의 일상 과정뿐 만 아니라 Edelman의 일차의식(primary consciousness)과 Damasio의 핵심 자아(core self)에도 꼭 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 음악이 다양한 측면에서 이런 연관관계에 개입할 수 있는 독특한 경향성이 있다는 것 뿐 만 아니라 또한 복잡한 교차적 연관관계가 갖는 의의도 고려해야 한다. 본 연구는 기초 과학과 임상현장 두 영역에서 이루어 질 수 있는 추가 연구에 대한 제안 및 평가에 대해 제안한다. 키워드: 음악, 다중의(multimodal), 심상, 항상성, 의식, 음악 치료
50
黃清燕 та 白凱. "Research on the rehabilitation experience of tourists in the ancient city of Lijiang 麗江古城旅遊者的康復性體驗研究". 1 листопада 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7698021.
Full textAbstract:
康復性景觀理論認為,環境和體驗是理解景觀具有“康復性”的關鍵,這為解析旅遊與健康的互動關係提供了重要的研究思路。依循該論斷,本文以麗江古城的旅遊者群體為研究對象,試圖對環境—康復性—體驗之間的互動關係進行實證探究。通過對麗江古城旅遊者群體進行訪談和文本分析,主要獲得如下研究結論:(1)在麗江古城,自然、社會、象徵環境構成的康復性環境,與旅遊者日常生活環境形成反差性、互補性,為旅遊者康復性體驗提供了客觀基礎和外部條件;(2)物質體驗、情感體驗、社會體驗是旅遊者與麗江古城康復性環境的聯結方式,也是麗江古城康復性體驗的具體體現、形成過程與結果呈現。文章試圖突破旅遊與健康互動過程中“因果關係”或“解釋機制”的個體中心主義或人類中心主義,轉向從“人-地”兩端縱深化、系統化考慮旅遊與健康促進、社會福祉增進的關聯,為旅遊目的地有效回應日益增長的健康需要提供現實指導。