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Relevant bibliographies by topics / 問句

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Academic literature on the topic '問句'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "問句"

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朱, 歧祥. "由文例對比論卜辭「其—祭牲」的句意." Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 13, no. 2 (December 16, 2020): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405478x-01302007.

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摘要本論文強調使用比較方法研究甲骨文的語法，就甲骨談甲骨。一是先由常態的句型分析，對比變異句型的產生原因和彼此的差異，而不是直接由變異句型入手去拆句子; 一是由早期句型分析，透過句型流變來了解晚出句型的特性，而不是單獨的由晚出句例看問題。這種反覆對比的觀察，才能客觀掌握甲文句型的具体用意。本文以晚期卜辭單獨應用的「其—祭牲」句為例，對比大量歲字句的用法，發現它是源出自歲字類祭祀卜辭。正確的理解這類句型，是句前省略了歲字類句意的祭祀陳述句，句後又省略了卜問祭祀宜否、時王安否或雨否等的詢問句，只保留著中間的一段陳述分句。這是目前所見簡略的「其一祭牲」句作為變異句型的演變過程。

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Yuan, Ye. "漢語疑問副詞原位與前置的非移位製圖範本闡釋." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 21, no. 3 (June 16, 2020): 443–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00067.yua.

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抽象特指問句中疑問詞的移位和原位現象複雜多樣，幾十年來一直是句法領域的熱門議題。本文在評介以往及最新相關研究的基礎上，並且在製圖理論思想啟發下，尤其針對漢語提出非移位製圖範本框架(NMCT)，把常規句法移位看做一個成分在範本上兩個或多個可能出現的功能投射位置之一進行顯性實現，從而對問句中疑問詞移位及原位現象，高、低位疑問副詞差異，A’移位以及優勢效應等句法現象都給出了一個較為統一且簡潔的闡釋。同時，由於否定了高位疑問副詞移位說，我們就可以避免Stepanov & Tsai (2008)關於疑問副詞「低位為變數高位為運算元」的二分說，認為高位WH副詞也可以看做變數，這樣也進一步貫徹和深化了Stepanov & Tsai (2008)推崇的一個理念，即擴充無擇約束的解釋範圍。

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Deng, Haoxi. "《漢語的量詞結構》介評." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 18, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 505–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.18.3.07den.

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抽象漢語中量詞的句法結構及其功能一直是學界關注的熱點問題之一。《漢語的量詞結構》(Classifier Structures in Mandarin Chinese) 一書為漢語量詞的句法結構、句法位置以及語義解讀提供了精細的描寫和分析。基於 [Numerability] 和 [Delimitability] 兩個具有雙值特徵的屬性，本書提出了名詞的四分法，通過名詞的四分法來對漢語的量詞進行重新審視，進而為漢語量詞的功能提出了新看法。雖然本書仍有一些值得商榷之處，但本書的確是一本研究語言量詞結構及其相關屬性的具有重要價值的文獻。

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Yue (余靄芹), Anne O. "Syntactic Typology in Chinese (Part ii.1) (漢語句法類型學（第二部分之一）)." Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 39–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405478x-01001004.

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Recapturing the outline given in Part i of this article on syntactic typology in Chinese, the entire article “is divided into three parts: two pertaining to the neutral question forms and one to the attributive and the nominalized construction. Part 1 deals with the V-not-V questions, Part 2 the VP-neg and the Adv-VP questions and it also provides a general typological discussion of the neutral questions, while Part 3 discusses the attributive and the nominalized patterns, with a conclusion on dialectology in typology.” Since the VP-neg form is being gradually replaced by the popular V-not-V form in more than one major group of dialects or better termed as more than one major Sinitic languages, it is necessary to trace such a change wherever possible, so as to affirm whether VP-neg is the native form for the languages and dialects involved. The present paper focuses on the case of Min. 論文分三章，本文是第二章，論述三種中性問句之一的謂語＋否定詞式在閩語裏共時歷時的類型布局。從觀察十六世紀以來的文獻以及十九世紀以至現代方言的發展模式，認爲閩語的本土型是謂語＋否定詞式。他如正反問及各種混合型乃是不同時地語言接觸後累積在不同層次的產物。

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江, 敏華, and Min-hua CHIANG. "The comparison of inequality in Hakka and some related issues – 客家話的差比句及相關問題." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 46, no. 2 (2017): 121–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-04602001.

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This article explores the comparison of inequality in Hakka, the investigation of which includes data collected from fieldwork in Taiwan, dialectal materials, and early Hakka missionary documents. What is in common in the comparison of inequality in Hakka is the coexistence of two word orders, while the diversities are represented in the predicates occurred in the ‘exceed’ type of comparative, and the lexical forms of comparative degree marker. Three issues are discussed in this article: (i) the type of comparative indigenous to Hakka; (ii) the causes of double comparative marker; (iii) the semantic evolutions of the comparative degree marker ‘GUO’.

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Eunhee So. "1816年 Robert Morrison《Dialogues and Detached Sentences in the Chinese Language》 (《中文會話及凡例》)選擇問句研究." Journal of Study on Language and Culture of Korea and China ll, no. 55 (February 2020): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.16874/jslckc.2020..55.005.

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Jun, Jae-dong. "An Experimental Study for Analyzing the Edition on Zhongyounghouwen(中庸或問) and Zhongyoungzhanggudacuan(中庸章句大全) in the Chosun Dynasty era." Yeongnam Toegye Studies Institute 22 (June 30, 2018): 195–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.33213/thlj.2018.0.22.195.

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Kuribayashi, Yukie. "Consideración sobre el número denotado por los sintagmas nominales con alguno." HISPANICA / HISPÁNICA 2003, no. 47 (2003): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4994/hispanica1965.2003.37.

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Penner, David. "Linguistic and contextual factors that affect Japanese readers of EFL." Language Teacher 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jalttlt35.1-3.

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By exploring the linguistic and contextual factors that cause problems for Japanese readers of EFL, this essay adds support to the sociocontextualists’ side of the ongoing debate regarding the scope of SLA research – that is, should SLA research be limited to the study of language use or should it include language-learning in context? In support of a more global approach, linguistic factors and contextual factors that cause Japanese readers difficulty are explored, including differences in orthography, morphology, orthographic depth, and phrasal structure, as well as ethnocentric influences, enculturated writing patterns, non-motivating classrooms, and enculturated learning strategies. Since Japanese readers are affected, not only by linguistic factors, but social factors as well, both linguistic and contextual factors should be considered when teaching and researching second language acquisition. 本論は外国語としての英語学習（EFL）環境にある日本人の読解に関する問題の原因となる言語学的・状況的要因を調査する。さらに、第2言語習得（SLA）研究は言語使用の研究に限定されるべきか、状況に応じた言語学習も含めて行うべきかという昨今の議論において、「社会的文脈」派の立場を支持する。本論ではより包括的なアプローチで、正字法、形態論、正字法深度、句構造等の違いに加え、自文化中心主義の影響、文化適応したライティングパターン、動機づけの低い教室、文化適応した学習ストラテジー等、日本人の読解に関する問題の原因となる言語学的・状況的要因を検討する。日本人の読解力は言語学的要因だけではなく社会的要因からも影響を受けているので、第2言語習得を指導研究する際には、言語学的・状況的要因を考慮すべきである。

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Kim, Leesik. "A Study on Sima Qian's Writing and ‘Yijiazhiyan(一家之言)’ Examined through the Phrase “Confucian asks Laozi of etiquette(孔子問禮於老子)”." Journal of Chinese Prose 9 (December 30, 2019): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22419/tjcpcom.9.2.

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More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "問句"

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吳岳樺 and YUEH HUA WU. "否定疑問句之應答研究." 碩士, 東吳大學, 1985. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22085SCU00079026%22.&searchmode=basic.

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GUO, JIN-MAN, and 郭進屘. "漢語正反問句的結構和句法運作." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48910352274048578590.

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李斐雯. "《景德傳燈錄》疑問句研究." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57331597102864703635.

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Chen, Huai-Shuan, and 陳懷萱. "漢語反問句形式與意義分析." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65086246672315019158.

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Ju-Hsueh, Yang, and 楊如雪. "支謙與鳩摩羅什譯經疑問句研究." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12783774621689170803.

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王錦慧. "敦煌變文《祖堂集》疑問句比較研究." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77824193978636444325.

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Li, De Ming, and 李德明. "以問答句認清工程設計主題的方法." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13174912993108024303.

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陳慧娟. "高雄地區閩南語中性問句變異研究." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45565983468460442949.

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Lee, Yu-Hui, and 李昱慧. "臺灣電視節目訪談中漢語是非問句的研究." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39nvxd.

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碩士
國立清華大學
語言學研究所
98
本論文主要分析漢語會話中問話的兩個部份為研究對象: 功能性是非問句以及其答句類型。功能性是非問句可分為引導"是"或"否"的非中性是非問句以及無特殊引導效果的中性是非問句。本論文以Tsui(2000)對問句的功能分類為基礎，我們發現漢語是非問句中包含了Tsui(2000)提出的四種類型(資訊引導、確認引導、同意語引導以及許可引導的是非問句)。我們亦發現是非問句的功能與具限制隨後答句環境功能的問句極性(Polarity of questions)高度相關。在答句類型方面，與問句形式相符的答句(type-conforming responses)，也就是包含"是"或"否"的答句，較符合是非問句的對答句的偏好。而不包含"是"或"否"等等回答小詞的答句則屬於與問句形式不相符的答句(nonconforming responses)，為較不符合是非問句的偏好的回答 (Raymond 2003)。本論文認為與問句形式相符的答句(type-conforming responses)可再細分為兩種:極性答詞和(不)同意詞，並提供了許多例子佐證。極性答詞(例如是、會、有、可以、不是、不會、沒有、不可以)和同意詞(例如對、沒錯)可被認為屬於與問句形式相符的答句，其在形式上和功能上皆符合是非問句對答句的限制。然而，否定詞(constituent negators)"不是"和"沒有"屬於不同意詞，其功用不符合是非問句對答句的限制。我們也說明了不同意詞只能被用來回答非中性是非問句以及用來表達說者同意或不同意是非問句中隱含的假設/預設回答。而極性答詞則可用來回答中性是非問句(也就是帶有假設的問句)，也可用來回答非中性是非問句(也就是不含假設的問句)以及表示回答者是否同意問句中的假設。我們的研究顯示漢語是非問句的答句不但回應問句中的問題點，亦對問題中的假設的正確性和假設回答做回應。在訪談中，當受訪者不願意對問題中的議題表示肯定或否定時，他們則會轉而使用回答規避的策略，其包括(1)拒絕回答，(2)自動轉移問題，(3)問題修改，(4)質疑問題的正確性和(5)暗示性同意。由於這些回答規避策略不包含任何是非問句的答詞也不提供對問題點的(不)肯定/(不)同意，這些策略皆不符合是非問句對答句的限制。除了第五項暗示性同意之外，其他規避策略的產生顯示其是非問句無法引導出訪問者所要求的回答。不同意詞和回答規避策略的出現通常表示先前的是非問句的設計或其包含的話題不適當。在本論文的最後，為了呈現是非問句的極性和答句類型的關係，我們提出了是非問句的回應流程的初步模式。關鍵詞: 是非問句、是非答詞、回答、同意詞、不同意詞、規避回答、電視訪談、功能性問句、會話分析

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Lee, Ju-Ai, and 李主愛. "韓國學生初學漢語中介語語調個案研究-以無標誌疑問句及感嘆句為例." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91513242524330756952.

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Book chapters on the topic "問句"

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"Chinese Text of Hyujŏng’s Comparative Elucidation of Sŏn and the Teachings (Translation 5)." In Core Texts of the Sŏn Approach, translated by Jeffrey L. Broughton and Yoko Watanabe, 261–64. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197530542.003.0018.

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禪教釋‎ 清虛休靜撰‎ [5.1]清虛病老。在西山金仙臺。一日行珠。惟政。寶晶。三德士。持金剛經五家解。問曰。般若教中。亦有禪旨。以般若爲宗可乎。病老引古答曰。只聞世尊以正法眼藏。付囑摩訶迦葉。不聞以金剛般若。付囑摩訶迦葉也。大抵百草頭上。有活底祖師意。至於鸎燕。常談實相法。況我金剛一句乎。不著文字。則可讀一卷經也。然洗佛光明。非其機。莫能窺。今日爲君禪教二途對辨而釋。其釋也。乃古也。非今也。‎ [5.2]世尊。未離兜率。已降王宮。未出母胎。度人已畢。‎ 此禪門最初句也。古德頌云。釋迦不出世。四十九年說。達摩不西來。少林有妙訣。是此意也。‎ 華嚴十種訣‎ [5.3]世尊。從兜率。降王宮。住胎出胎。出家成道。降魔轉法。至於入涅槃。此禪門末後句也。有云。如月在天。影含衆水。時無礙。處無礙。始終一貫。則末後句亦是最初句。最初句亦是末後句。然我禪門中。本無如是商量。商量則識法者懼也。‎ 拈頌說誼‎ [5.4]世尊。初入摩耶胎。直與三十三人。摠授玄記云。吾有正法眼藏。密付於汝。各傳一人。勿令斷絕。頌曰。摩耶肚裏堂。法界體一如。卅三諸祖師。同時密授記。‎ 般若多羅付法傳‎ [5.5]世尊。在雪山六年。因星悟道。既知是法之未臻極。‎ 遊行數十月。歲在壬午。特尋訪于真歸祖師。始傳得玄極之旨。是乃教外別傳之源也。‎ 梵日國師集‎ [5.6]世尊在靈山法會上。爲迦葉分半座。擧花枝。示雙趺。對衆密付。文殊普賢。八萬菩薩衆海。罔知迦葉入處。是乃教外別傳之派也。‎ 梵王决疑經及宗道者傳‎ [5.7]訣曰。自迦葉阿難二尊者。至六祖慧能大師。所謂卅三也。教外別傳之旨。逈出青霄之外。非徒五教學者難信。亦乃當宗下根。茫然不識。‎ [5.8]問。迦葉阿難位在聲聞。豈堪教外別傳之旨乎。荅。‎ 迦葉阿難。應化大聖。百千三昧。無量功德。與如來不異。況已授密記者耶。‎ 正宗記...

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"Chinese Text of Hyesim’s Treatise on Diagnosing Illnesses That Arise in the Practice of theMu無‎ Hwadu (Supplementary Translation 3B)." In Core Texts of the Sŏn Approach, translated by Jeffrey L. Broughton and Yoko Watanabe, 241–42. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197530542.003.0016.

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[3B.1]天童擧。僧問趙州。狗子還有佛性也無。州云。有。僧云。爲什麽。撞入這箇皮帒。州云。他知而故犯。又僧問趙州。狗子還有佛性也無。州云。無。僧云。一切衆生皆有佛性。爲什麽狗子却無。州云。爲他有業識在。師云。趙州道有。趙州道無。狗子佛性。天下分疎。面赤不如語直。心眞莫恠言麁。七百甲子老禪伯。驢糞逢人換眼珠。‎ [3B.2]汎叅道俗。看此話始終問答。隨言定旨。決定作有無之無。殊不知五祖演和尙頌云。趙州露刄釼。寒霜光焰焰。‎ 擬欲問如何。分身作兩段。眞淨和尙頌云。言有業識在。誰云意不深。海枯終見底。人死不知心。如是等頌。不可勝數。‎ [3B.3]或云。這僧自謂得似孩兒。見人空解笑。弄物不知名。又如狗子蒙蒙曈曈。跛跛挈挈。但念水草。餘無分別。以此爲好消息。然未知作家之鑒。可不如何。故借狗子。設問呈似。所以趙州謂直饒伊麽。未徹在。答云。無者。如經云。有情無佛性。無情有佛性。黃檗云。始踏佛階梯。無情有佛性。未踏佛階梯。有情無佛性。又如惠朗禪師問石頭。如何是佛性。頭云。汝無佛性。云。蠢動含靈。又作麽生。曰。蠢動含靈。却有佛性。云。某甲爲什麽却無。爲汝不肯承當等之意也。這僧雖非本意。‎ 且擧狗子分上。‎更問云。一切衆生皆有佛性。爲什麽狗子却無。趙州亦擧狗子。答‎ 云。爲他有業識在。言似隨他。意不在此。‎ [3B.4]或云。好箇狗子上。不可用佛性二字染汚。何故。西施不用‎ 添脂粉也。如云。見山是山。見水是水。見柱杖。但喚作柱杖。見屋喚作屋。何妨見狗子但喚作狗子。故州云。無。‎ [3B.5]如此等邪解不可勝數故。大惠揀云。不得作有無之無。‎ 旣不許伊麽定。‎ [3B.6] 又錯計云。不落有無。是眞無之無。如金剛三昧經云。若離無取有。捨有從空而非真無。今雖離有而不存空。如是乃得諸法眞無。恐如此差排。故云。不得作眞無之無卜度。旣不許伊麽定。‎ [3B.7]又作玄妙道理會。故揀云。不得作道理會。旣不許伊麽定。‎ [3B.8]又低頭冷坐。着意搜尋。故揀云。不得向意根下思量卜度。前旣不許有無眞無會。又不許作道理思量定。‎ [3B.9]又認着眼眨眨。理會不得底爲是。便引古德云。瞬目揚眉‎ 處。明明佛祖機。又有問西來意。答云。當觀密作用。云。如何是密作用。以目開合視之等爲據。故揀云。不得揚眉瞬目處桗根。審前不許理路義路。又不許認取作用定。‎ [3B.10]向沒滋味底言句上起疑。便引圓悟云。不疑言句是‎ ...

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"Chinese Text of Chinul’s Treatise on Resolving Uncertainty about Keeping an Eye on the Hwadu (Translation 3A)." In Core Texts of the Sŏn Approach, translated by Jeffrey L. Broughton and Yoko Watanabe, 233–40. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197530542.003.0015.

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[3A.1]或問牧牛子。華嚴敎。旣明法界無碍緣起。無所取捨。何故禪門。揀十種病。而看話耶。‎ [3A.2]答。近來汎學輩。‎不知禪門話頭叅詳妙密旨趣。‎ 多有此疑。若論眞性緣起義理分齊。則禪學者。豈‎不知此十種禪病。如華嚴法界緣起耶。故徑山大慧禪師亦云。平昔知見。多以求證悟之心。在前作障故。自己正知見。不能現前。然此障亦非外來。亦非別事。豈有揀耶。‎ [3A.3]所言十種病。以求證悟之心爲本。旣云。此障。亦非外來。從何處來耶。亦非別事。是何事耶。此全明性起之德。故敎中。亦‎ 云。一‎切障碍。卽究竟覺。得念失念。無非解脫等。是也。‎ [3A.4]然此義理。雖最圓妙。摠是識情聞解。‎ 非解脫等。是也。然此義理。雖最圓妙。摠是識情聞解思想邊量故。於禪門話頭叅詳。徑截悟入之門。一一全揀佛法知解之病也。然話頭無字。如一團火。近之則‎燎却面門故。無佛法知解措着之處。所以云此無字破惡知惡解底器仗也。若有能破所破取捨揀擇之見。則宛是執認言迹。自擾其心。何名得意叅詳但提撕者也。‎ [3A.5]禪門亦有爲密付難堪。借敎悟宗之者。說眞性緣起。事事無碍‎ 之法。‎ [3A.6]如三玄門。初機得入體中玄所明云。無邊刹境。自他‎不隔於毫端。十世古今。始終‎不離於當念。又云一句明‎明該萬像等。是也。禪門中。此等圓頓信解。如實言敎。如河沙數。謂之死句。以‎令人生解碍故。並是爲初心學‎ 者。於徑截門活句未能叅詳故。示以稱性圓談。‎令其信解...

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