Dissertations / Theses on the topic '客家文化'

This study investigates the cultural identity of Chinese overseas in Sweden, especially the identity of Chinese culture. A Hakka family in Sweden from Kolkata, India was a target of a case study in this thesis from the viewpoint of life history research and semi-structured interviews for the three female members in this family.The Indian Hakka Chinese, though spending more than 100 years in India, emigrate to other countries commonly. During the migration, this family well sustain their Chinese culture.This research reveals the following findings. Firstly, the identities in the family of this case show the differences between generations. The main deciding factor of their identities is based on both the ethnic identity of Chinese and Chinese culture. The second generation of immigrants in Sweden reveals the dual identities of Chinese culture and Swedish culture, which is consciously decided by them under the social and cultural background of the country of residence.Secondly, this case's family demonstrates a strong atmosphere of Chinese cultural identity in their daily life. The most significant symbol is that family members use Hakka to communicate at home. Furthermore, their cultural values follow a Chinese tradition of family-centred and ethical cultural values. However, in this case, Chinese culture is not as complete as the Chinese mainstream society. It also includes foreign elements in the country of residence. This clearly shows the process of Chinese overseas adapting and integrating with the country of residence.Thirdly, the influencing factors to this case's Chinese cultural identity include the Chinese community in Kolkata India, usage of Chinese language, Chinese education, intermarriage, and the external environment of Swedish society based on democracy multi-culturalism and popularization of internet information under globalization. The key factor in constructing and maintaining the Chinese cultural identity, in this case, is that the elders consciously insist on preserving Chinese tradition in this family.To sum up, this study's results contribute to the knowledge and understanding of Chinese overseas' cultural identity in Sweden.
本论文以瑞典一个来自印度加尔各答的客家华人家庭进行个案研究，采用生命史研究的视角、半结构式的深度访谈法访问三位家庭女性成员，探讨瑞典的海外华人的文化认同，尤其是中国文化的认同。在海外延续百年的印度客家华人再度从印度移出已是常态，而此个案家庭中国文化的传承未曾中断。个案研究结果发现：首先，个案的身份认同呈现出世代的差异，身份认同以中国人的族群认同及中国文化认同为最主要的决定因素，移民瑞典第二代显示出中国及瑞典文化的双重文化认同，是历经所处的社会文化环境选择的文化认同。其次，此个案展现出浓厚的中国文化认同形式，以客家话的使用最为显著，也展现出以家庭为中心、注重伦理的文化价值观，然而不像中国主流社会文化的完整，而是包含了居住国的外国元素，显见海外华人在居住国适应、融合的过程。最后，影响个案维护中国文化认同的因素，包括：印度加尔各答的华人社区、世代的传承、中文的使用、中文教育、族内通婚、以民主为基础的多元文化瑞典社会的外部生存环境、全球化下网际网络资讯的普及等因素，而家中长辈有意识地传承与坚持，是文化认同建构及维护最重要也是最主要的因素。总之，本论文的研究结果可为瑞典海外华人的文化认同增添知识与理解。

碩士
國立新竹師範學院
臺灣語言與語文教育研究所
91
《Cold Night Trilogy》written by post-war second generation writer- Lee Chiao is a big river novel following Zhong Zhau-Zheng《Taiwanese Trilogy》in Taiwan literature history, focuses on the Taiwan history and arouses the history consciousness of many Taiwanese. Lee Chiao’s earlier literatures began with Fan-tzu-lin which at Da-Fu in Miaoli and present the Hakka cultural style. Chapter 2 discusses Lee Chiao’s living experience, the style and features of its literature work. In 1980s, Lee Chiao turned to be a culture description writer and was engaged in criticism and activities of culture. Lee participated in the reform of Taiwam culture aggressively. Chapter 3 exams Lee’s culture philosophy and introduces his view on Taiwan culture and Hakka culture. The following chapters research the Hakka culture of Lee’s literature and discuss Hakka’s life style, customs, history female and glossaries from four respects： material culture, behavior culture, spirit culture and language culture. In Hakka history research, Lee described clearly about the land system with Hakka farmers, conflict with the aborigine and farmer grouping which were rarely mentioned and emphasized in Hakka history. By the characters in《Cold Night Trilogy 》, Lee led readers back to the history and feel the sadness of Hakka history. The representative of Hakka female is sister Dong. The Hakka female are good at perseverance in his memory. Lee also did a deep description of female’s emotion and independence. The glossary of the ethnicity represented the content of that ethnicity. It can''t be divided from the living environment. Lee’s literature conserves the unique feature of Hakka culture customs. Chapter 7 study Hakka’s agriculture life, emotion in Hakka family, customs and religious belief. Chapter 8 describes Hakka’s tradition and innovation in Lee’s literature and makes a conclusion of Hakka culture in his literature.

碩士
國立高雄師範大學
視覺設計學系
99
In recent years, Hakka culture had been employed as an important element in design due to the popularity of Hakka culture. With the establishment of Council for Hakka Affaris, Hakka cultural and creative industry has gradually thriven. The researcher therefore wanted to investigate the development of Hakka culture and creative industry and examine the use of Hakka elements in those creative products. 92 samples from 2009 to 2010, which were rewarded in the contest of Hakka culture creative design held by Council for Hakka Affairs, were selected in the present study. Text analysis was used in the present study to analyze those samples item by item with the theories ground in post-modern design and semiotics in order to realize how designers utilize Hakka elements in the culture commodities. Content analysis was employed after individual text analysis of samples to synthesize the findings. The results are as follow. 1. Most of the samples showed more integrations of newly developed symbols thriven by government popularizing than traditional Hakka culture elements. This finding revealed that the emphasis on the core of Hakka culture is insufficient. 2. Some samples presented symbols or images used in traditional Hakka culture but failed to convey the original ideas embedded in Hakka culture, indicating that designers didn’t fully understand the core of Hakka culture. 3. Many samples were failed to represent Hakka features, showing that the link and the development between those creative commodities and Hakka culture need improvement. 4. The distribution of different categories of culture commodities was quite uneven, suggesting that the choices and transform of Hakka elements can be elevated. In sum, the design of Hakka culture creative commodity is still new and immature. Time and experiences are needed for designers to elevate the creativity and culture connotation of Hakka culture creative commodity.

碩士
國立花蓮師範學院
多元文化研究所
92
This thesis investigates female Hakka culture workers'' life stories. The thesis examines the concept of ethnic identity and looks into how it works in people''s life experiences. The goals of my project are to discover what these Hakka women think about ethnicity and how ethnic identity changes over time. My thesis also finds out the complexities of urban Hakka women''s self-identity. By depth-interviewing five Hakka women, I contend that self-identity is not something there but constantly changing over the course of social change. My analysis includes three aspects: First, the dilemma between family life and public participations for those women culture workers. The dilemma arise out of some family members'' suspicion of public life and the indiffence from the spouses of different ethinitiy. Second, a nostalgic appeal to the concept of the "hometown." The city environment has made this appeal stronger, since the interviewees have shown a wide range of estranged experinces in their daily urban lives. Third, the generational differences. To understand the generation gap particularly prompts to examine several wide-spread sterotypes of the Hakka women.

碩士
高雄師範大學
視覺設計學系
100
Concerning international and domestic commodity culture and design content, the development of commodities with local elements has become a trend. Liu-Dui area is abundant in cultural resources and is the area where Hakka culture is well preserved. Under the promotion of Liu-Dui Hakka culture by the government in recent years, the development of the cultural industry in Liu-Dui has been gradually emphasized. In order to understand the similarities and differences between northern and southern Hakka culture, this study discusses the sequence of Hakka customs and culture in Liu-Dui area and examines contemporary Hakka cultural commodities, as well as the visual expression of these commodities. Through analyzing the style and images and discussing the application of images and color in these cultural commodities, this study hopes to give some constructive implications for future research. This study uses documentary analysis, field study and comparative analysis as approaches of data collection and analysis. With regard to Hakka cultural elements, the results show that differences between southern and northern Hakka are not obvious. Additionally, Hakka cultural elements are applied and distributed unevenly. The image and color analyses show that Liu-Dui Hakka cultural commodities are mostly simple in design. The nature and countryside style or even photos are integrated into commodity design. The application of color and style are therefore quite similar in visual expression of commodities. Among Liu-Dui Hakka cultural commodities, artistic commodities such as woodcarvings and potteries, no matter the commodities themselves or their package, tend to maintain the original cultural meaning. Other commodities have only superficial package without a deeper cultural meaning. In short, those contemporary Liu-Dui cultural commodities in the market are still in premature stage. Designers should create commodities of unique style and highlight the characteristics and meanings of Liu-Dui Hakka culture, so that the competitiveness and value of commodities can be enhanced.

碩士
國立高雄師範大學
台灣歷史文化及語言研究所
101
Through reviewing archival documents and interviewing local residents, wedding planners, and cultural and historical specialists, this research explores the "Bagua" charm used in marriage customs in Meinong District and attempts to probe the following questions about “Meinong Bagua” by means of investigating the cultural taboos,focusing on the most effective way of getting lucky and thus avoiding misfortune in tradition : (1) The reasons why the “Meinong Bagua” exists and has been localized in Meinong. (2) The origin of the application of the “Meinong Bagua” toexorcise evil spirits in Hakka’s Marriage. (3) The connotations of the pattern and application method, the distribution and the mentality possessed by the residents of the “Meinong Bagua”. The research discover that the "Bagua" charm exists in the following ways: (1) The present population, aging and leading simple and traditional life style, consists mainly of Hakka people in Meinong area, a remote and closed geographical environment. (2) Acting as an artificial object designated as a ceremonial amulet to expel evil spirits, the “Meinong Bagua” symbolizes the infinite power of the universe which has been regarded as the most powerful sign of exorcism since ancient times. (3) Applied to marriage ceremony, the“Meinong Bagua” is presented with fixed pattern and freely employed materials. A pair of birds in the upper structure denotes a devoted couple who can live happily ever after. The "Bagua" in the lower structure denotes repelling evils and tigers and indicates everything thriving. Sewed on the top of the charm, a folded flower formed by a hundred dollar bill suggests table turning, and prospering. A handmade ornament created by Hakka’s mothers to protect their children, “Bagua” charm is a heritage of "love" and decicated to acquire peace of mind and security. It is still commonly used in wedding supplies and has been popularly considered as a heritage worth preserving in Meinong District.

碩士
國立中央大學
客家政治經濟研究所
101
The study focuses one of the Hakka industry policies: Hakka Culture Value-added Industry Development Project, from the perspective of New Institutional Economics. Frist, we discuss the definition of the Hakka industry policy, then analysis the Hakka Culture Value-added Industry Development Project over the years. Furthermore, the study try to inspect the project through comprehensive interviews with the applicants in Taoyuan. The study indicates: (1) the project has been modified with the development of the policy trend. (2) The situation of the project applications in Tauyuan county is inadequate. (3)There is still room for the supervision institution of the project to amend. (4) In order to upgrate and enrich the content of the project, the government could provide counsulting experts and the channels of distribution.

碩士
國立中正大學
高齡者教育研究所
102
The study aims to explore the process of intergenerational inheritance from elders as heritage transmitters, in terms of the perspectives of intergenerational learning. The study has the following four purposes: 1.To learn the motives of elders as heritage transmitters for passing down Hakka culture and heritage. 2.To learn the implications and methods of intergenerational inheritance from elders as heritage transmitters. 3.To learn the intergenerational interactions between elders as heritage transmitters and the learners of the cultural inheritance. 4.To learn the difficulties and challenges elders, as heritage transmitters, encounter in the process of intergenerational inheritance. Using the qualitative research design, the study interviewed eight Hakka culture transmitters with semi-structured in-depth interviews. From the perspective of intergenerational learning, the study explores the process of Hakka culture inheritance from elders as heritage transmitters, including the motives for the inheritance of Hakka culture, the method of passing down the spirit of Hakka culture to the next generation, the intergenerational relationship during the inheritance, and the difficulties and challenges in the process of intergenerational inheritance. Based on the findings, the conclusions of the study are as follows. 1.The major motives for elders, as heritage transmitters, to pass down the Hakka culture heritage include “family inheritance”, “external influence”, “cultural attraction”, and “positive experience in the process of autonomous learning”. 2.The implications of intergenerational inheritance from elders as heritage transmitters show that Taoyuan County is the most active area for inheritance, Hakka folk songs are the major contents of inheritance, and the learners involve kindergarteners to 90 year-old elders. 3.The methods of intergenerational inheritance of elders as heritage transmitters include “apprenticeship”, “team-based organization” and “teamwork”, and the teaching principles include “guiding learners with a humble attitude”, “giving spiritual support and tangible rewards”, and “diverse teaching for the younger generation”. 4.The intergenerational interactions, between elders as heritage transmitters and the learners of the inheritance include “standard interaction between teachers and students” and “modern interaction (friend-like teacher) between teachers and students”; the learners’ attitude to the cultural identity shows that elders have stronger Hakka cultural identity, but the younger generation has weaker Hakka cultural identity. 5.The timing for intergenerational communication includes “understanding before teaching”, “guidance during teaching”, and “achievement after teaching”. 6.The difficulties of intergenerational inheritance that the elders encounter involve: 1) the capability of the teacher; 2) the connection between learners and related person; 3) the distance between different generations. The challenge of intergenerational inheritance is to break through tradition and teach in a lively way. Finally, according to the research findings, this paper proposes suggestions government authorities, elders as heritage transmitters, and future studies.

碩士
國立新竹教育大學
藝術教育與創作碩士班
102
In 1990 the country’s High Speed Rail Construction Plan had once put the New Tile House into a situation of being levied by the Government, yet through the persistent efforts of residents of Liu-Jia area and local historical workers, it survived the crisis and has been preserved ever since its official foundation as the New Tile House Hakka Cultural District in 1996. The New Tile House Hakka Cultural District shows profound significance in our social education and in its existence as a historical heritage. The researcher develops theme-based curriculums by integrating resources gathered through field visits and literature investigation, aiming to help the fifth and sixth grade students enhance both their knowledge and awareness of Hakka culture. The objectives of the curriculums also include expanding students’ learning scope, cultivating their sense of humanities, motivating their ability of artistic creation as well as elevating the effectiveness of learning. Purposes of this study are: I To explore the characteristics and contents of the New Tile House Hakka cultures. II To examine the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating the New Tile House Hakka cultures with visual arts lessons in 5th and 6th grades art class. III To combine and apply resources of the New Tile House Hakka Cultures to the visual art curriculums which could be reference for arts teachers. Results of this study are: I Bountiful resources of Hakka culture in The New Tile House make it a great asset of cultural heritage and historical preservation. II Students show high acceptance and great interest in the visual art curriculum integrated with the New Tile House Cultures. The curriculum provides students with a different learning experience, and it inspires students’ creativity and elevates their sense of arts and humanities, therefore the teaching is feasible and effective. III The visual arts curriculum incorporating the New Tile Hakka Cultures includes three teaching units: "Visit the New Tile House", " The New Tile House under the Magnifying Glass", "Little Designer". Based on the results of the teaching and research, conclusions and comments from different aspects were made, and they would be reference for art teachers teaching visual arts.

碩士
國立政治大學
新聞學系碩士在職專班
97
Been established in 2003,the Hakka TV station is the first ethnic TV channel broadcasting by the entire hakka language in Taiwan. 　Facing commercial competition environment, it is unfair to judge and evaluate an ethnic TV channel by TV ratio. Standing on the viewpoint of minority , the most important is “multiculturalism” instead of “pluralism” , to protect their right to access to the public. 　Hakka TV joined in Taiwan Broadcasting System (TBS) in 2007, researcher takes the “Hakka night news” as samples from 2005 to 2008; methods employed by this paper include literature review, and content analysis. It concludes that no matter on the proportion in the multicultural news , or on multicultural association (for example “new immigration group”, “disabled group” ,and so on) , even on the types of reports, the results obtained statistically significant by this research . 　It seems that the Hakka TV channel steps towards a multicultural model gradually . However, there still is a space to make it more specific and exact on their news content.

碩士
國立中央大學
客家研究碩士在職專班
99
In this study, nonprofit organization impels the Hakka communities, and takes Dong Shi village culture association as the case study, pick literature analysis and intensive interviewing conducts the research. Research findings include: (1) communitarian governance emphasized fellowship, and community development organization, finding that there are interdependencies between each other. Community association makes community empowerment working more effective, Hakka culture causes community development more unique. The Dong Shi village culture association’s services from Dong Shi village''s single-character surname settlement expand to the Pingjhen city, servicing Hakka group to other ethnic groups. Hakka culture in rural areas material integrate into the community empowerment especially unique, the association lets the resident understand the Hakka culture, and establishes the local characteristics. However, in the spirit of the Hakka language and promotion of heritage need to be strengthened. (2) The Dong Shi village culture association impels the community empowerment experience difficulties such as a lack of funds, an uneasy cultural resources utilization, the reduce of the members, professional competence、internal interaction and operation need to be improved, the resident and local organization''s interactive insufficiency, and people participating less. This research proposes the solution strategies and suggestions in view of the difficult position.

碩士
國立中央大學
客家政治經濟研究所
98
After the financial turmoil in recent years, there have been substantial reduction in many governmental budgets. In addition, whether their performances and financial managements have been optimized will certainly be scruitized and some public exhibition halls and Hakka Culture Parks (Cultural Museums) were criticized as “Mosquito Museums”* by local presses. To avoid curses about bad performance and waste of public resources, the public exhibition halls and/or Hakka Culture Parks have to seek more effective business strategies. We selected the Taipei County Hakka Museum for the study. In order to review its business strategies and advantages, we used the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) mehtod which was published by Kaplan &Norton (1992) in Harvard Business Review. The study included interviews of the industrial professionals, government technocrats, media, academic experts and scholars with the questionnaire named "Indicators of management performance assessment of Taipei County Hakka Museum", and use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to analyze. The results were applied in building the "Relative weight system for indicators of mamagement performance assessment of Taipei County Hakka Museum" in hopes which could provid a useful reference to upgrade Park quality, implement a customer demand orientation, and sustain Hakka professionals and new blood. We hope that this research could be beneficial for researchers’ subsequent study on Hakka Museum management performance-related topics, and generate more breakthroughs and dialogs. *Mosquito Moseum: a term used by presses to criticize the government’s waste in funding constructions such as exhibition facilities/buildings that were not utilized effectively and idling most of the times.

After the return to China, the Hong Kong Government finally decided in January 2008 to reduce the Frontier Closed Area (FCA) coverage from about 2,800 hectares to about 400 hectares and over half of the people residing inside the current FCA are no longer required to have a closed area permit to enter or leave the excised area. For over a century, Lin Ma Hang villagers, especially some Hakka women, can be considered as ambassadors promoting communication between Hong Kong and Shenzhen. They not only witnessed the changing relations between China and Britain, but they also moved between different identities as Chinese, Hakka and Hong Kong people. The history of Lin Ma Hang records the experience of a group of Chinese refugees with Hakka consciousness, mostly with the surname Yip, who lived under British and subsequently Japanese rule and became Hong Kong people after the Second World War. It also highlights the complex and multi-layered nature of Hakka identity.
Emphasis has been placed on the manifestations and material culture of Hakka people, studies into their internal consciousness has not attracted much attention. Lin Ma Hang is a specific case to look into the Hakim psychology in the context of a closed area. Adjacent to the boundary between Hong Kong and the Mainland China, this is an indigenous Hakka-speaking village. For many years during the Qing Dynasty, its villagers had to walk on a bridge that enabled them to reach their farmland located on the other side of the Shenzhen River. However, after the Qing Government's signed unequal treaty, Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory in 1898 which allowed Britain to lease the New Territories, the original village area of Lin Ma Hang was divided into two parts - the Chinese side and the British side, with the Shenzhen River serving as the boundary. Indigenous villagers from Lin Ma Hang, which came under the jurisdiction of Britain, continued to cross this bridge to the Chinese side, just like their forefathers. Such border-crossing practice was maintained even during the 1960s when the Mainland China suffered a famine which led to mass exoduses of people and political and social turmoil such as the Cultural Revolution. Since the 1980s, the entire village has been enclosed by iron fences by the British for security reasons, which posed a formidable obstacle to the villagers' daily lives and travelling to nearby markets, and a psychological imprisonment in the minds of villagers, and their gradual loss of control of their farmland. However, it appears that the spirit of endurance embedded in Hakka culture had enabled them to overcome all types of obstacles and reestablish their confidence to communicate with the outside world, continuing their fight for the opening up of the closed area.
Using Lin Ma Hang Village in Sha Tau Kok, Hong Kong's New Territories as a case study, this thesis gives an historical account of how indigenous villagers living in the border area adjusted to political and social changes following the lease of the New Territories by Britain until Hong Kong's return to China, and how they inherited the Hakka culture through different ways.
With the case study of the Lin Ma Hang Hakka village, this thesis attempts to explore the Hakka culture that has been ignored by Hong Kong people. It signifies how an indigenous village, which was divided up due to political reasons, survives through its unique ways.
阮志偉.
Adviser: Hok Ming Frederick Cheung; Pui Yin Ho.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-04, Section: A, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 308-321).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in Chinese and English.
Ruan Zhiwei.