Academic literature on the topic '家庭支持'

近代以来，大量潮汕人迫于生计背井离乡远赴暹罗谋生，往往在稍有积蓄后便汇款回乡以便改善家乡亲人的生活条件。这些用于赡养家人的汇款类别众多，功能不一：基本物质生活支出、与家乡习俗有关的支出，以及缓解家庭债务状况的支出等。其中，用于满足基本物质生活的支出主要包括日常所需的柴米油盐、修建房屋、购置土地、购买日用品、医药费、教育费用等；与家乡习俗有关的支出主要包括给长辈祝寿、过年的利市、婚礼费用、祭祀费用、葬礼费用，以及民俗活动的费用；用于偿还债务的支出则既包括华侨本身因出洋谋生所欠下的债务，也包括家中因各种原因欠下的费用。总的来看，这些华侨寄回家乡的赡家性汇款覆盖了家庭生活中许多方面的需求。可以说，华侨汇款回乡的目的之一，就是要在各方面为家庭提供财力支持以维持家庭的正常运转。

The number of divorce cases in Hong Kong is soaring in recent years and the stepfamily is an emerging family structure. This exploratory study is aimed at examining difficulties of parenting in stepfamilies through interviews with stepmothers, social workers and teachers. Reports of these stepmothers reveal that they feel overloaded in the stepfamilies and that their spouses do not give them enough support. They complain that their in-laws and relatives create stress rather than offer help in child management. The findings indicated that there are difficulties in communication between the couples, problems between stepmother-stepchild, and in-law relationships. It is suggested that social workers and teachers should cooperate to deal with cultural stereotyping of stepfamily and change negative social attitudes towards members of stepfamilies. Efforts should also be made by these professionals to identify stepmother-stepchild relationship problems with greater sensitivity, and regularity. 香港近年离婚个案数字飚升，再婚家庭成逐渐涌现的家庭架构。这个研究目的是透过访问继母、社工和教师检视再婚家庭的亲职问题。被访继母感到家务繁重、配偶支持不足，在管教子女方面，她们的翁姑及姻亲没有给予援助反而给她们加添压力。资料显示再婚家庭内的夫妇沟通出现困难，继母和继子女及翁姑姻亲关系亦有问题。社工和教师应携手处理文化上将再婚家庭典型化的问题，改变社会人士对这类家庭的负面态度，醒觉地识别继母和继子女关系的问题予以适切介入。

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）正给全世界造成难以想象的伤害与代价。病毒传播的减缓需要隔离、封锁和关闭商业活动，但此举对全球经济与贸易活动产生严重影响，预计2020年全球经济将急剧萎缩3%，相较2008年金融危机更甚。实质性、有针对性的财政、货币和金融市场措施，支持受影响的家庭和企业，在整个关闭期间维持经济关系，对于大流行减弱和遏制措施解除后，活动能够逐步实现正常化至关重要。假设2020年下半年大流行消退，管制可以逐步解除，在政策支持的推动下，随着经济活动正常化，预计2021年全球经济将增长5.8%。

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Wheelchair fencing took root in Hong Kong in the early 1980s. Within a short span of 20 years, Hong Kong wheelchair athletes had worked themselves to world-class standards. In the Sydney 2000 Paralympics, the Hong Kong wheelchair-fencing team captured 4 gold, 2 silver, and 2 bronze medals. These were the best results ever achieved. In order to understand this phenomenon, perceptions of possible factors associated with this were explored. These factors include: Perceived Positive Outcomes, Organizational Support and Family Support.八十年代初開始，輪椅劍擊運動已於香港紮根發展起來。短短二十年間，香港輪椅劍擊運動員已攀升至國際級的水平。於2000年悉尼傷殘奧運會中，香港輪椅劍撃隊更創出史無前例之四金、二銀、二銅的佳績。為了解此現象，本文將探討各個可能之誘因，包括：正面結果之認知、機構組織的支持以及家庭的支持。

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.家庭醫療儲蓄帳戶的概念自提出以來，引起了國內外同仁的廣泛關注，學者們也都紛紛就自己的理解發表獨特看法。這一新概念引起中國生命倫理學術界的共鳴，根源性是因為它與中國的家庭倫理思想和家本位的價值觀念相契合。家庭醫療儲蓄帳戶的意義和積極作用是毋容置疑的，而有一點卻讓研究者駐足深思：家庭醫療儲蓄帳戶的家庭範圍該如何去界定？這個問題不僅僅是理論界定那麼簡單，它更涉及到家庭醫療儲蓄帳戶的可行性和可操作性。筆者在2011 年12 月份舉辦的“醫療儲蓄帳戶、深化醫改及儒家生命倫理”國際學術會議時曾試圖從社會學的角度進行分析，但是沒有文化背景與倫理理論的支持，終覺失去了根基。而傳統倫理學是我們應用倫理學去釐定問題的觀念背景， 也是我們分析問題的主要工具和解決問題的核心價值依據。鑒於此本文轉向中國傳統的主流倫理學去尋找答案。儒家倫理學作為一種傳統倫理學，也必然在一定程度上為我們醫療儲蓄帳戶的建構提供一種觀念背景、分析工具和價值選擇。筆者首先論述了家庭的重要性，同時探討了家庭範圍界定的複雜性，然後轉而向儒家倫理學思想尋求觀念、價值和倫理的依據。本文以家庭的血緣關係和婚姻關係為主線，以儒家家庭倫理為依據，將家庭醫療儲蓄帳戶中家庭的範圍界定從倫理的角度操作化。這將有利於挖掘儒家生命倫理的潛在價值，為解決當代醫療改革問題提供依據，使傳統的主流倫理價值融入現代的生活中，去解決現實中存在的問題，同時這也是儒家生命倫理當代建構的一個方面。The notion of family health savings accounts has attracted wide attention from academic circles, both domestic and international. Many Chinese scholars understand the importance of this notion and support the establishment of family health savings accounts in Chinese society, because it fits very well with Confucian family ethics and the family-oriented values that are vibrant in Chinese society. However, to pursue fully the significance and function of the family in operating appropriate health savings accounts, we must explore the question of how the family should be defined.The problem is not only in offering a theoretical definition, but also related to the feasibility and operability of family health savings accounts. However, we cannot begin our inquiry from nowhere. We must rely on the traditional ethical resources that are still operating in Chinese society to develop a conceptual background and value basis for analyzing the problems we face in attempting to define a suitable notion of the family in Chinese society. Accordingly, this paper turns to Chinese traditional mainstream ethics, namely Confucian ethics, to identify the intellectual and moral resources to provide a conceptual background, analysis tools and value choice. The authors first discuss the importance of the family in the Confucian tradition and explore the complexity in defining the scope of the family. The paper then draws on particular Confucian ethical ideas and values to seek proper solutions. Specifically, based on the Confucian central commitments, we draw on both blood relationships and marriage relationships to consider the nature and scope of the family in the Confucian tradition. We thus form the main line of our argument to establish Confucian family ethics as the basis for defining the suitable scope of the family for adequate family health savings accounts in contemporary Chinese society. Basically, we conclude that nuclear families should be basic family institutions for health care in general and health savings accounts in particular, while adult children must be allowed, indeed encouraged, to supplement their elderly parents’ health savings accounts. This will be conducive to using the potential value of Confucian family-based and family-oriented ethics to provide the motivation to solve the difficult problem of health care reform in contemporary Chinese society.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 286 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.家庭是社會-生物學的實在，有關如何適當地表述這種實在的爭論劇烈，處於文化戰爭之中心。本體-形上家庭觀認為，家庭是有規範性的社會實在，父母子女具有給定的身份角色，應當尊敬祖先，支持後代。這種家庭觀受傳統宗教（如基督教和儒教）所推崇。自由主義家庭觀則認為，家庭不過是其成員的創造，應以平等自由的觀念為主導，因而各種類型的家庭均無不可。這兩種不同的家庭觀對於生命倫理的重大問題，及其相關公共政策蘊涵不同的處理方式，關涉人類生活的未來。The family is a socio-biological reality. Humans form socio-sexual pairs, which are often also reproductive units. How to characterize these social entities is a matter of considerable dispute, placing the family at the heart of cultural, social, and political disputes regarding the nature of appropriate law and public policy. Competing views of the family have important implications for healthcare policy and bioethics. On the one hand, there is an ontological-metaphysical account of the family, which appreciates the family as a ormative social reality that, as far as possible, should be realized by particular families. This account brings with it pre-existing roles for husbands and wives, fathers, mothers, and children. This view of the family tends to be multi-generational, looking back with respect and support to previous generations, while looking forward with love and concern to succeeding generations. This metaphysical-ontological view of the family is traditionally endorsed by Confucians and Christians. Because it regards the family as a normative socio-biological unit, it supports the autonomy and integrity of the family, treating members of the family somewhat as a state treats its citizens. This view of the family endorses family-based consent and policies of confidentiality in preference toindividually oriented ones. It also favors forms of healthcare financing, such as family-oriented health savings accounts, that increase both the financial and the social capital of the family. This approach to the family, which is inclined toward authoritarian and authoritative parenting, tends to produce children who are better able to shoulder their future roles as adults. Finally, this view of the family favors the begetting of children. The traditional view of the family is currently under critical pressure from libertarian/liberal construals of the family, which regard the family as the creation of its members and/or as guided by overriding concerns for individual liberty and equality. This view is at peace with reproduction outside of wedlock, with limited family responsibility and autonomy that undermines status obligations to past generations, and to the production and nurturing of future generations. Non-traditional forms of family, including homosexual families, are accepted, if not affirmed. The libertarian/liberal construal of the family endorses individual, not family consent, for medical treatment. It also favors individually directed policies regarding confidentiality, and forms of financing that support the interests of individuals over those of families. Because of the account’s endorsement of individual freedom and/or individual liberty, it requires that adolescents in many if not most circumstances should be allowed to make their own healthcare decisions, even in the face of mounting evidence that adolescents do not usually have the capacity of decision-makers who have come of age. The libertarian/liberal account of the family is at best neutral to the begetting of children. The differences between these two approaches to the family bear not only on healthcare policy and bioethics, but also on the long-term financial and social stability of society. Quite different futures are at stake.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 62 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.從儒家倫理的視角解讀中國新實施的《人體器官移植條例》，以第8 條中“共同表示同意”為著力點，認為，儒家的家庭倫理不僅深刻地影響者中國人的思維方式和行為方式，而且至今被人們認為是構建家庭倫理的最根本原則，有著廣泛的社會基礎和現實根據。分析了儒家倫理支持器官捐獻的理據，結合案例指出：家庭的知情同意並不違背個人的知情同意；應當在儒家的家庭倫理的基礎上探討這一條例的相關問題，從而幫助完善和實施這一條例，使我國有關人體器官移植和屍體捐獻的立法更加完備，為推動器官移植技術的發展建立更為有效的法律保障機制。並提出在在條例實施過程中還有五個相關問題需要澄清和解決。Organ donation is the gift of an organ to help someone else who needs a transplant. Hundreds of people’s lives are saved each year by organ transplants. Yet the question remains: Who should give the priority in terms of donation procedures - the individual who feels a strong, personal commitment to offer his/her organ or the legal next-of-kin, i.e., the priority order of the family members? This has been greatly debated bioethical issue in China in recent years. Rather than emphasizing the right of individuals to decide what will happen after they die, or removing the burden of making a decision about organ donation from families dealing with the traumatic death of a loved one, the policy of family consent indicates the signif icant role of family in making the decision. That is to say, the consent, or lack of objection, of those closest to the patient is always sought before organs can be donated. The family involvement could avoid discomfort with the process on the one hand, but also cause conf licts when there is a disagreement between the donor and family members on the other.This paper focuses its discussion on the context and impacts of the“ Rules regarding Organ Transplant” implemented in China since 2007. Then, it turns to traditional Confucian ethics to talk about the meaning of life and Confucian concept of family to show that Confucianism would support the idea of organ transplant. To prove the claim, the paper offers two recent examples of organ donation. Organ transplant should be advocated but the rules should be tighten in order to prevent unqualified doctors and profithungry hospitals from abusing patients and organ donors.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 301 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

碩士<br>國立嘉義大學<br>家庭教育與諮商研究所<br>98<br>The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between family stress, social support and marital quality of elementary school students’ parents. A self-reported questionnaire was used and a total of 412 valid samples were retrieved from the students’ parents in ten public elementary schools in Yunlin County. The data was analyzed through SPSS software, and interpreted by means of descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The findings were as followed. 1.The marital quality of elementary school students’ parents have positive evaluation. 2. The elementary school students’ parents have low levels of family stress. 3. The elementary school students’ parents feel good in social support. 4. The elementary school students’ parents with different gender showed significant differences in marital quality, that is, the males have higher evaluation than the females. 5. There are no significant differences in marital quality of elementary school students’ parents with different age. 6. The elementary school students’ parents with different educational background showed significant differences in marital quality, that is, the higher educated parents have higher evaluation in marital quality. 7. There are no significant differences in marital quality of elementary school students’ parents with different family income. 8. The family stress and social support of elementary school students’ parents can predict the marital quality, that is, couple interaction was the main predictors. According to the results of the research, some suggestions can be proposed to elementary school students’ parents and family education personnel and later researchers.

碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>犯罪防治碩士在職專班<br>106<br>A question “what can I do after the prison?” from the long-term prisoners is the origin of this paper. This paper aims to study the influence of prison management and its relation with the prisoners who have the above-mentioned behaviour. The study emphasizes the family support can eliminate helplessness from the prisoner or ex-prisoners. This paper also provides some suggestions for the concern of prison management during and after prisoner’s imprisonment; especially the part during one’s imprisonment. Frist, the regulation of contacting relatives, by the means of face-to-face meeting or letters, shall be stopping or exclusion. Second, the awareness of family support of the co-workers from different unit should be increased through briefing secessions, gatherings, and regular training, etc. Then, the prisoners themselves, for their awareness of family, their respect to law and their interpersonal relationship skills shall be raised. Also, the relevant education for the families of the prisoners should be provided through talks or other activities. Hence, a national list of experts in educating family value for prison shall be established. Finally, the integration of social resources from different related non-governmental organizations shall be enhanced. In a simple word, this paper concerns, on behalf of the prisoner, the possibilities form the prisoners/ex-prisoners themselves; the prison management – including the internal staff members; the external co-workers in prison and the social resource. The writer expects this study will be further discussed in his own working place – Chiayi Prison.

論文(碩士)--香港中文大學硏究院社會工作學部,1994.<br>參考文獻: leaves 1-21(2nd group)<br>梁夢熊.<br>致謝<br>撮要<br>Chapter 第一章： --- 緖論 --- p.1<br>Chapter 第二章： --- 精神分裂症的家庭研究 --- p.5<br>Chapter 第三章： --- 本研究各種概念的文献探討 --- p.16<br>Chapter 第四章： --- 假設及名詞解釋 --- p.49<br>Chapter 第五章： --- 研究方法 --- p.63<br>Chapter 第六章： --- 研究结果 --- p.73<br>Chapter 第七章： --- 討諭 --- p.125<br>Chapter 第八章: --- 结論 --- p.147<br>Chapter 第九章： --- 建議 --- p.154<br>參考文献<br>附錄A:中文問卷<br>附錄B ：英文問卷

碩士<br>佛光大學<br>社會學系<br>98<br>The purpose of the study was to explore, first, the situation of female immigrants’ family status, social supports, and cultural identifications, second, with different background variables, the difference of the situations mentioned above, third, how the different background variables influence female immigrants’ family status, social supports, and cultural identifications. Female immigrants in literacy classes and mixed classes, which were opened by twenty-two local governments in Taiwan, were chosen as the respondents in this research. The study adopted questionnaire as the main method of conducting the research. After studying the related documents for reference, I compiled my own questionnaire on “How Family Status and Social Supports Affect Female Immigrants’ Cultural Identification” for study targets to fulfill. By stratified cluster sampling, 600 questionnaires were sent out in total, and 566 ones were collected back in return; among them, valid questionnaires were 543, so the response rate was 91%. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, 1-Way ANOVA, T-test, and multiple regressions with SPSS12.0. According to the data, there were seven findings as the followings: 1.When female immigrants’ family status and social supports were in so-so level, their cultural identifications were in middle leaning toward good level. 2.Female immigrants’ family status were higher under the following situations: in high educational level, having a career, having stable incomes, through relatives’ or friends’ introductions or freedom to choose their spouses, having two or under two children, personal incomes over ten thousand dollars, spouses working as soldiers, public officials, or teachers, only living with their husbands in a harmonious family atmosphere. 3.Female immigrants’ social supports were higher under the following situations: in high educational level, as house wives, helping family business, through relatives’ or friends’ introductions or freedom to choose their spouses, living in a harmonious family atmosphere. 4.Female immigrants’ cultural identifications were higher under the following situations: through relatives’ or friends’ introductions or freedom to choose their spouses, fully understanding the languages spoken in their husbands’ families, only living with their husbands, living in a harmonious family atmosphere with husbands, children, parents-in-law, and other relatives. 5.Factors of affecting female immigrants’ family status: age, educational level, career, numbers of children they have, personal incomes, spouse’ career, family type, family atmosphere. 6.Factors of affecting female immigrants’ social supports: nationality, career, the channel for getting married, family type, family atmosphere. 7.Factors of affecting female immigrants’ cultural identifications: language competences, personal incomes, family atmosphere, family incomes, the decisions-making, self-determinations, and the division of housework in their families, emotional supports in their social supports. Finally, the result of this study, besides offering suggestions for governments, schools, and families with female immigrants, also provides a direction and limitation for following researchers.

碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>特殊教育學系在職進修碩士班<br>100<br>The Study of the Family of Special Education Students to Family Support Services at Status and Satisfaction Liu, Chih-Ning Abstract The study explores the family of special education students and their satisfaction of Family Support Service in the junior high schools in North Taiwan. It also examines whether different backgrounds of these family influence the satisfaction toward Family Support Service. Using the “Investigative Questionnaires for The Family of Special Education Students obtains status and satisfaction toward Family Support Services” was designed by this researcher. A total of 275 questionnaires were handed out and 194 valid questionnaires were retrieved and collected so that the effective returns-ratio was 70.5%. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and effect size, and the major conclusions are drawn as follows: 1. Financial support was what the families gained most from Family Support Services, followed by professional services and information. The service obtained the least was career planning 2. The families of special education students were most satisfied with Family Support Services’ financial support, followed by professional service and information supply. The service with the lowest degree of satisfaction was career planning. 3. The comparison between the current obtainment of the Family Support Services and the degree of satisfaction toward Family Support Services were merely make few remarkable differences on “the schools which provided the social welfares for satisfying children’s needs such as application of request nurtures and the conveyance of relative messages and regulations of application of home care grant subsidies”, and the other services make no obvious differences. 4. The families of special education students and their degree of satisfaction toward Family Support Services varies by the student’s grades, birth order, degree of severity of disabilities, family area, main caretakers, respondents, average monthly household incomes and number of the family. The study proposes some suggestions according to the research findings and conclusion so that it provides as references to administrative units, school units and further study in the future.

碩士<br>國立嘉義大學<br>家庭教育研究所<br>95<br>ABSTRACT This study is based on the principle of purposive sampling to pick the real cases of three new immigrant families, newly-married, divorced, and domestic violent, and try to research the possible problems caused, needs and the resources of the society. Furthermore, we want to realize the paths for new immigrants to approach the supporting nets of the communities. When defining the request dimension of new immigrant families, this study has three directions of thinking: 1. the objects of need to be satisfied, 2. the contents of need, 3. the ways of need to be satisfied. Therefore, the community resources that new immigrant families may approach can be commenced from the “problem aspect” or the “system aspect”. The problem aspect tends to be solved variously depending on different cases; while the system aspect tends to be solved by the social welfare provided by the government. This study found that： 1. To realize the need of new immigrant families from the problem aspect: Through the process of researching for the problems of new immigrant families and community resources, we can provide the help from the welfare institutes of the government and strengthen the social supporting nets that we have already had, aiming at the problems that the new female immigrants are facing, like the differences of the need between men and women in exogamy, the pressure caused by the wedding expenses, the challenges of different culture and marriage maintenance not regarding cultural factors. 2. To satisfy the need of new immigrant families from the system aspect: a. The responsible institutes can provide the courses of life adaptation and communication by aiming the obstruction of acknowledgement and communication caused by cultural differences and language gap. b. The responsible institutes can provide the counseling and transferring nets for family relationship cases caused by the bad interactive and trustless relationship because of unfriendly families of the husbands and the inquietude of the immigrant wives. c. The responsible institutes can provide the service of counseling for laws regarding marriage and simplifying processes for those problems of family belonging and identification because of different expectation between exogamy. d. The responsible institutes can provide the help welfare of providing working opportunities to solve the life pressure from poor financial situation because of weak social position. e. The responsible institutes can provide the shelters for the helpless victims of family violence because of lack of social support. 3. To construct community resources which new immigrant families may approach by linking the resources of communities, from a point to a line then overall: a. Point: To help individuals to obtain the abilities of living acknowledge, communication skills and solving problems so that we can reduce the problems from families and the society. b. Line: By caring the trends of development for family life circle and pursuing the schemes of life journey, strengthen the interaction among families and the function of emotion support and then seek individual development and happiness of family. c. Overall: By associating with local features, try to work out diversified, humanistic and systematized schemes of family education service to satisfy the need of local people’s feeling and development and increase their identification for community union and learning development. d. Professional service: Not only to provide proper service for the cases and maintain the self-autonomic strength, but also keep the sharp sense for the cases and the ability of responding their need. According the study, we suggest that the role the government playing should be positively involving to realize the real need instead of passively offering subsidization; effectively integrating and allotting the resources. While the civil social service institutes should attach more importance to professional services, family supports and the principle of increasing powers and functions so that they can serve new immigrant families better.

碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>輔導與諮商學系所<br>99<br>Will the family style and social support influence the depression of female teachers in junior high school? The purposes of this study are 1. to investigate the current status of social support to female teachers in junior high school (FT in JHS hereafter) 2. to understand the depression situation of FT in JHS 3. to explore the difference of social support degree and depression of FT in JHS with different family style 4. to research the prediction of family style and social support to depression of FT in JHS. Some of FT in JHS in Taichung, Chenghua and Nantou were questionnaire surveyed with “Taiwanese Depression Scale” and “Social Support Scale”. 709 effective samples were obtained. The quantitative data were analyzed by the methods of descriptive statistics, single factor multivariate analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of variance, and stepwise multiple regression. Conclusions are as following: 1. The current status is that social support to FT in JHS is above average. Among the specifics, “support from friends” takes the most part, next is “support from family”. The least is “support from important of others”. 2. It also shows that depression of FT in JHS is not serious. More than half of their emotion are steady. 3. In the whole and at all levels, social support offered to FT in JHS according to age, marital status, residence status, children’s number and age are reveled partially significant difference. 4. Depression of FT in JHS with different age and number are significant in the whole and at all levels. 5. As for the social support and depression to FT in JHS with different family style are partially significant. 6. The prediction of family style and social support to depression of FT in JHS are generally significant. The explained variance amounted to 7.5%. According to the conclusion, the study made some suggestions that may be referred to female teachers in junior high school, educational institutions and the authority for further research.