Academic literature on the topic '平衡策略'

支教政策的执行力既需要人文关怀更需要强制力监督，两者刚柔并济是实现支教政策目的的保障。在中国精准扶贫的战略目标下，支教活动对于中国西部地区文化脱贫提供了重要力量，支教政策的执行是一个接力活动，是各方主体接下先前志愿者的精神火炬，砥砺前行，为平衡中国的教育资源，提升贫困地区教育水平所做的重要活动。支教政策执行的接力活动，它是一个复杂的过程，涉及诸多环节和要素。需要将人文关怀和监督的强制力注入每个环节，各个环节和要素相互联系并相互制约，保障支教政策执行系统的整体功能的有效发挥，均衡教育资源，从而保障支教政策目标的实现、中国文化精准脱贫战略的实现。

配电网电力负荷的三相不平衡导致了配电网线路损耗、配电变压器寿命下降等问题。在换相开关式、电容器式、电力电子式三种主流的三相不平衡治理方式中，换相开关以其独特的处理方式和特点从而具有很好的处理效果。为了满足换相开关式三相不平衡治理技术的应用可靠性，文章深入研究了三相换相开关的换相技术原理以及深入分析了负载功率因数对于三相换相开关换相策略的影响。提出了一种能够提升和改善三相换相开关运行可靠性的技术方法，从而使其更好的应用于配电网，改善配电网负荷三相不平衡的现状，提升终端用户的用电质量。

平衡感是人类行动的基础。平衡活动有利于良好情绪、意志品质的培养，克服畏难情绪、退缩心理。其对宽背关节的锻炼，对全身肌肉伸展的强化等都有帮助，更使幼儿身体协调发展。在我国的健康教育领域中，以往平衡活动没有得到相应的重视，滑板溜冰之类的活动少之又少，平衡能力相对发展较欠缺。随着人类对健康的日益重视，平衡活动成为我们现在生活中较常见的运动。在幼儿运动活动的开展中，笔者非常注重幼儿平衡能力的提高，加强对幼儿平衡活动的探索与研究，有效地促进了幼儿身心健康发展。文章就如何在体育活动中培养幼儿的平衡能力进行了探讨，并结合幼儿教学实践，提出了有效策略。

目前，新兴产业的发展已经占据中国社会经济提升的关键战略地位。鉴于此，论文围绕政府投资引导基金扶持战略性新兴产业进行了分析，首先概述了战略性新兴产业的内涵，其次构建了全新的产业模式，包括基金管理模式和基金投资模式。最后提出了政府引导下的新兴产业发展模式优化策略，包括做好政府部门与社会投资机构之间的利益平衡工作、健全现有不完善的新兴产业市场投资退出机制。重新构建高效的激励与投资约束体制，旨在提升中国新兴产业的发展水平。

甘肃省在“一带一路”战略中是我国向西开放的重要门户，但由于甘肃省经济发展对外开放起步晚、起点低、发展不充分不平衡、技术资本力量薄弱、发展环境差等矛盾和问题，导致与甘肃省经济发展的要求以及和开放的沿海发达省份都存在着较大差距。本文通过出口总量、市场区域分布、商品出口结构、对外出口主体、区域地理分布、出口市场结构等几个方面，分析研究甘肃省出口贸易当前所处的水平，从而进一步分析在“一带一路”战略背景下，该省在出口贸易政策、文化、社会环境及平台、原材料及劳动力流通几个方面将发生的变化，从而探讨如何抓住“一带一路”战略下，实现甘肃省出口贸易能力的进一步提升。

农村土地整治是有效推动土地、劳动力、资金等要素流动，促进城乡产业互动，破除城乡二元社会经济结构，推进乡村可持续发展的重要平台。本文试图在乡村可持续发展、城乡统筹发展等战略指引下，通过介绍德国、日本、英国和荷兰实施农村土地整治的历程及成功经验，分析在加快发展现代农业、进一步增强农村发展活力的形势下，从整体性治理视角，从土地整治规划、审批、施工及开发利用多个环节总结经验启示，以期进一步提高农村土地经济密度，为农业创新升级、生态环境保护和城乡均衡发展提供政策建议。

我国公路交通工程施工环节中环境保护问题相对突出,不止严重影响公路交通工程施工进度及施工计划,更污染城市总体卫生环境,一定程度上阻碍城市长远发展。由此可见,施工单位需全方位掌握施工技术要点,在保证工程质量的前提下减少环境污染物排放量,消除对周边环境的不利影响,确保公路交通工程施工有序开展,以达到生态环境与城市发展平衡的目标。比如环境污染和破坏就需要重点注意,了解现阶段公路交通工程建设中可能对于周围环境形成的影响和破坏机制,如此也就能够采取较为适宜的环境保护策略,更好提升公路交通工程建设效益。

在中国农村地区，由于经济发展的不平衡，教育资源相对匮乏，体育课程受重视程度不高，相关基础设施建设不完善，师资力量不足等，乡村小学体育教学没有真正发挥出有效提升学生体能的作用。在教育改革的背景之下，学校培养人才更加注重德智体美的全面发展，学生的体质健康是更好的参与文化课程学习的前提和基础。因此，乡村小学应该正视现阶段在体育教学方面所存在的问题，营造良好的体育教学氛围，培养学生的体育意识，加大体育课程基础设施建设，从而提高乡村小学生的体能。论文围绕在乡村小学体育教学中有效提升学生体能的重要性以及策略展开了分析探讨。

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.具體實踐中的知情同意是一種倫理學技術，注重利用現有的文化傳統、理論資源和法律工具，合理有效地分析問題、解決問題，強調它作為體現對病人基本權利的尊重和調節醫患關係手段的作用。在民主社會，知情同意乃是建立醫患權責餘的必要條件。知情同意來自於醫療活動的自發秩序：醫患雙方通過知情同意活動，明確醫療活動中雙方的權利和責任界限，進行有成效的醫療實踐。知情同意既是對基本人權的尊重，又是確保雙方責任的工具。具體實踐中的知情同意，提供一種促進多種價值觀和平共存、通過學習和對話實現平衡的運行機制，在社會整體利益優先與個人最基本權利不可侵犯的框架下滿足雙方不同的價值需求。臨床“知情同意”活動的目的在於：促進患者自主權的行使；明晰醫療活動中的權責關係，在合法限度內為醫療活動的正常進行提供保護。實踐中追求資訊的“充分”取決於患方要求的“主觀的充分”。臨床醫療活動中，醫方要不斷提高患方知情的充分程度。隨著知情程度的增加，患方自主程度隨之自動上升。目前關於“知情向意”的理論研究中，缺少對知情同意的狀況、分佈及相關因素的實地調查和量化分析，研究多集中在道德、文化理論上，實踐策略的指導意義不強。應當把知情同意視作貫穿於整個臨床醫療活動的一個連續的整體。要關注本社區成員的文化和心理結構的特殊性，從本社區歷史特點出發，建立本社區知情同意情況的常規模式和量化標準。還應當設計臨床知情同意調查制度，作為醫方制定知情同意策略的依據，同時又可作為說明醫療活動發生的真實過程的法律檔。Informed consent is an ethical technique which emphasizes using the existing cultural traditions, theoretical resources and legal instruments to analyze and solve the problems reasonably and effectively. Informed consent can thus play a significant role in adjusting the relationship between patients and physicians. As an ethical technique, it focuses on the method of applying various ethical resources and not simply on the combination of the logical consequence and criteria. In a democratic society, informed consent is a necessary requirement for the right-duty relationship between patients and physicians. Informed consent is seen as a prerequisite obligation to physicians and implies certain rights for patients. Patients and physicians are bound by informed consent so that they are able to "trade" equally. Informed consent is not only a means to confirming the property rights but also a tool of reducing the costs of "trade". In practice, informed consent helps to promote and achieve the peaceful co-existence of pluralistic values. It can do so by learning and having conversations with the other sides so that different parties can satisfy under the framework which gives priority to the total interests of society and guarantees the fundamental rights of individuals.The aims of informed consent in clinical practice are to promote the self-determination of patients and to clarify rights and duties in medical activities. In practice, the sufficiency of information depends on the subjective sufficiency of patients. Physicians should ensure that the patient comprehend the information and follow the appropriate procedure to manage and supervise. The most active method for physician to take is to increase the degree of informational sufficiency. The degree of the patient's self-determination increases accordingly with the increase of informational sufficiency. Their relationship can be described by a curve like "S".The current studies on informed consent in China lack the empirical data from field research. Most studies focus on the theoretical issues of morality and culture. As a result, research results are hardly applicable in clinical practice. Informed consent should a holistic entity in clinical practice. We should pay more attention to the specificity of the cultural and psychological structure of members of every community. We should establish the ordinary model and criteria of informed consent in the particular community. We should also design an applicable and legally-bond system of informed consent to regulate clinical practice.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 13 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

博士
國立清華大學
資訊工程學系
102
In the era of Big Data, huge amounts of structured and unstructured data are being produced daily by a myriad of ubiquitous sources. Big Data is difficult to work with and requires massively parallel software running on a large number of computers. MapReduce is a recent programming model that simplifies writing distributed applications that handle Big Data. MapReduce does this by dividing its workload amongst computers in a network and then processing the work in parallel. Often intertwined with the concept of MapReduce is Cloud Computing. Cloud Computing is a method of computing that shares computing resources over the Internet. Cloud Computing is a perfect match for handling Big Data and the MapReduce model by providing a hardware platform and framework that is flexible and elastic. Cloud Computing provides the resources needed for the data intensive computation required by MapReduce and its data. This dissertation looks at resource utilization within a cluster or data center and focuses on load balancing and data placement in MapReduce. Load balancing is a method to distribute workload across multiple computers or a computer cluster and involves central processing units, disk drives, and other resources. The purpose of load balancing is to achieve optimal resource utilization, maximize throughput, minimize response time, and avoid overload. Data placement is closely related to load balancing and refers to where data is in the network during the lifetime of a job. In this dissertation, we investigate load balancing and data placement for MapReduce and how it applies in different situations. We then propose several algorithms that can improve load balancing for MapReduce. Firstly we introduce an improved sampling method for total order partitioning. Secondly we present a multiway join algorithm that uses dynamic data redistribution and finally we show how data can be more intelligently distributed within a heterogeneous cloud environment. In our first topic, we propose an improved sampling and partitioning method for strings. In this topic, we present the XTrie, ETrie and ATrie algorithms. The XTrie algorithm uses a fixed memory footprint, which is unlike the traditional total order partitioning method that stores all elements in a sample set in memory. Furthermore, we show XTrie has better performance, and is able to execute 7 times faster on 200,000 samples. Both ETrie and ATrie algorithms further improve the memory requirements used by XTrie. ETrie was able to reduce memory consumption to 1/16 of that used by XTrie. Finally, ATrie was able to reduce memory consumption by 1/16384 of that used by XTrie, by using an adaptive method on birthdate data and a 2-level trie. In our second topic, we propose a network aware multiway join for MapReduce (SmartJoin) that improves performance and considers network traffic when redistributing workload amongst reducers. We show this can reduce the time required to join multiple datasets. In our evaluation, we show that SmartJoin has up to 39% improvement compared to the non-redistribution method, a 26.8% improvement over random redistribution and 27.6% improvement over WorstJoin redistribution. Finally, in our third topic we propose a dynamic data partitioner and virtual machine mapper for MapReduce when deployed on a heterogeneous cloud environment. Simulation and experimental results show an improvement in MapReduce performance, improving data locality by 33% and optimizing total completion time by 41%. Furthermore, by using the Load Aware Virtual Machine Mapper obtained an additional 13% improvement in reduce phase completion time.

碩士
國立政治大學
會計研究所
97
With the coming of knowledge economy era, the value of enterprise transforms from tangible assets to intangible assets. In this background, intellectual capital has been gradually valued. Therefore, if enterprises want to maintain a competitive advantage, they have to manage the intellectual capital. The enterprises in Taiwan have come to a turning point, in which they can’t ignore the importance of intellectual capital. The knowledge-based service industries are actively developing to replace the existing manufacturing industries, bringing the next wave of economic growth. By reviewing the domestic literature, there is rarely an integral framework which can help companies combine intellectual capital development with organizational strategy and improve their management. In addition, using service industry as study subject is even rarer. Hence, the representative of knowledge-based services industry, medical institution, is taken as an example in this study, to consider how to make use of the tool of integrated strategy management, the Balanced Scorecard, to assist the hospital to develop the Strategic Intellectual Capital. Some suggestions are given in this paper for the gap of Strategic Intellectual Capital and this model may be used as a reference study.

碩士
東吳大學
會計學系
95
In recent years, many nations in the world have been promoting government reconstruction movements and one of their efforts is to follow the private section to introduce Performance Management and Strategy Management mechanisms and demand all agencies to plan their administrative objectives that are trimmed to meet people needs and factors of environmental transitions with prospective visions, and to design objective assessment methods for administrative performance and incentives of encouragement for upgrading the administrative efficacy of the government in living up to the expectations by the general public. With recent changes in social and economic contexts, and natural hazards resulted from abnormal weather in the world, the general public demands more on the quality of meteorological information. With Central Weather Bureau (CWB) as the subject, this paper attempts to explore into issues related to how CWB should improve its administration competence and efficiency to cope with direct impacts from changes of the external environment through a construction of strategic performance indices. Angling at perspectives of a balanced scorecard, this study conducted documentary researches and in-depth interviews with management members to map out fifty-five (55) performance measurement indices for construction of the configuration of CWB strategy management using the questionnaires method. A total of thirty-six (36) strategy performance indices from seven (7) aspects of “meteorological information service”, “budget preparation and application”, “administrative highlights”, “customer”, “control”, “operation process”, and “incentives and innovation” has been extracted from results of factor analysis. According to the findings from variations analysis, divide was observed in the common recognition of the strategy performance indices among internal units of CWB. Different objectives addressed by each individual unit might explain such divide since the disciplines involved cross meteorology, seismology, marine meteorology, and astronomy, suggesting there is an ample room justifying further efforts in achieving lateral consensus in CWB. Meanwhile, regression analysis revealed that significant divide did exist in “extent of important”, and “ideal status of executive” while the index of “extent of executive difficulties” was also significantly higher. CWB could achieve its visions of “promoting living standard”, “reduced damage from natural hazards”, and “creating economic benefits” in updating its weather service level through channels including promotion of modern weather observation, development of refined weather forecast, and creation of diversified weather information service should CWB be able to make improvements with limited resources through justified distribution.

碩士
東吳大學
國際貿易學系
95
On June 26, 1991, the government approved 16 private banks; it turned on a new leaf of the financial development of the country and makes a stride-forward to freer financial market. With the passage & implementation of Financial Holding Company Act in 2001 & Taiwan’s entry to the WTO in January 2002, the domestic financial service industry is changing more turbulently. Due to the implementation of Financial Holding Company Act, the banking system is segregated as Financial Holding Companies & Non-financial-holding companies. Financial holding companies got the advantages of diversification, integration & economy of scope; while the non-financial-holding companies can only operate the traditional banking service. Since the margin of deposit & lending rates has been intensely reduced, operation efficiency and synergy need to be continuously improved & strengthened. In practice, many of them are utilizing the popular strategic management tool: Balanced Scorecard. this strategic management tool combined the management tools like: strategy management, performance evaluation & organization communications; it can help the supervisor convert from the narrow-thinking pattern which is focusing on financial index to strategic thinking pattern which covers multi-aspects, and execute and implement the strategies by using the balanced scorecard to improve the overall operation performance. This research was based on case studies on Non-financial-holding companies. It’s a practical research integrating literatures & questionnaire survey for bank managers, business supervisors & clerks and interviews of some managers & supervisors. Besides the theoretic basis of balanced scorecard, this research also integrates the case study of a particular bank with its structure of strategic management to achieve the balance between literatures and practices. The main finding of this paper are stated as follows, 1.The employee’s consciousness of the perspective is less clear as hierarchical lowers, the same as correlation with strategy. 2.On strategic performance aspect, customers & risk management take priority over learning and growth. 3.Managers are more satisfactory with the awareness of the execution of strategies than deputy managers and lower hierarchical staff. 4.For the awareness of key strategic success elements, business units are different from managing units. It was resulted from the conflicts and differences of its responsibilities.

碩士
國立海洋大學
航運管理學系
90
The purpose of the research is to discuss the relationship of the shipping corporation strategies and performance in different shipping corporations and industries. The project use Miles ＆ Snow（1978）to classify shipping corporation into four different strategic types:prospector, defender, analyzer and reactor. We also used Kaplan ＆ Norton’s Balanced Scorecard (financial perspective, customer perspective, Internal business perspective and learning and growth perspective) to measure the shipping corporation. Chi-Square test, Factor analysis, ANOVA, Scheffe’s test and T test were used for the statistical analysis. We can get the following conclusions from the above analyses：(1) There is no significant relationship between the shipping corporation strategy types and the different shipping industries. (2) There are divided two factors influence the emphasizing and the satisfying degree of the shipping corporation strategies and performance by different strategy types. (3) There are the other divided two factors, which will influence the emphasizing and the satisfying degree of the different shipping industries and performance by different strategy types. (4) According to over half of performance standards appear, there are very obvious differences. The tested companies have to improve themselves in practicing these forty-two standards.

碩士
正修科技大學
經營管理研究所
98
As the more attention to the teachers’ specialties by parents and the educational administrative agencies, as well as the evaluation of teachers’ specialties which will be legislated, the teachers now have to enhance their specialties constantly. Because the most teachers still have doubts about the fairness and objectivity of the evaluation of teachers’ specialties, and furthermore, the class teachers must take the responsibility of helping students become mature and the classroom management. For those two reasons, the teachers make the class strategies to seek the appropriate indexes to reach the effective classroom- management. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) can transform the strategies into actions as the scalable index of the four dimensions includes: the customers, the internal processes, the financial dimension, and learning and growth. Therefore, this study is based on Balanced Scorecard theory to construct one measurable structure of classroom- management in the elementary school and taking the county public elementary school teachers as objects. The purpose of the study was to construct the structures of classroom- management in the elementary school with the BSC, to use the method linking with BSC and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to search and measure the opposite distribution of dimensions and strategic goals, to use a method of AHP to search evaluation indicators, and to build up a strategic map with the BSC and the classroom- management strategies. The study was composed of questionnaire and ANP methods. First of all, according to the literature review that discussing the ideas about classroom – management, the strategic goal was focused on the four dimensions of BSC. Afterwards, the structures of BSC strategic system were constructed by the conclusions of the former studies and professional experiences. Then, by using ANP, the depending and feedback relationships during the high and low levels were carried out to calculate every dimensions and strategic goals. After that, I can get the importance of strategic goals in every dimension. The evaluation effectively reflects the important goal of constructing the classroom- management strategies of the elementary school, and provides the reference which is the self-examination of classroom- management for elementary school teachers. According to the literature review and statistic analysis, the conclusions of this study are: 1. The results show four dimensions, thirteen evaluate items, and fifty-four indicators. 2. The “effective teaching” in the dimensions of internal process which weighs 0.996 is the most important and the ”effective using community resources” in the dimensions of finance which weighs 0.4648 is the least important. The experts consider the most import 5 items in order which are “effective teaching” in the dimensions of internal iii iv process, “implementation of student counseling” in the dimensions of internal process, “pursue growth and learning” in the dimensions of learning and growth process, “classroom capabilities and operational plan” in the dimensions of learning and growth process, “construct and maintain classroom-management routines” in the dimensions of internal process. 3. The weight of fifty-four evaluation indicators can provide teachers ways to execute classroom-management strategies. 4. A strategy map can help developed teachers planning self-professional in classroom-management for reference. 5. According to sequence of the constructing weight, teachers can manage classes by selecting the more important index and goal depending on demands.

碩士
國立政治大學
經營管理碩士學程
94
In one fast, rapid and changeable business environment of today, business owner always must face more challenges. To review the operation results, business owner could not just emphasize traditional statements. The reason is that financial per-formance is just one output after operation and it could not clearly and obviously tell business owner to adopt what ways to break through current status in operation envi-ronment. And, business owner could not just know how to create billing but no views on strategy planning and management improvement. If not, once facing economic de-pression or industry shrink, business entity surely would have huge perils in its running. In this paper, we hope to assist business owner to get suitable ways in better strat-egy planning and also know how to do it for better improvement. Balance score card is one of good tool to let business owner physically implement related focuses to every department or even every employees after having one clear strategy development ways. Thus, everyone of business entity would endeavor together to avoid operation risks to create one new status and environment. In the research of this paper, it follows the vi-sion, core values, mission and current operation status of case studying company to gradually build fundamental and consolidated analysis in strategy development ways. After, passing through the design on balance score card, we let strategy development ways and balance score card be combined together. Finally saying, this paper bases on the conditions and industry analysis of case studying company to build strategy development ways then link it with balance score card and strategy development. In addition, it specially hopes to give new ideas in how to run electronic component distributor industry. Other similar industries also could get something of this paper for the purpose in knowledge and experience sharing.